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Type of
goods to
be moved
 1. introduction
Subtopic
2. Characteristics
3. Type of goods
4. THe need for goods temperature Control
5. Perishaable goods
6. Dangerouse goods
7. Gases, liquid and powder
8. livestocks
9. High Value Goods
10. Abnormal Indivisible Loads (AIL)
Introduction
Movement of Goods is the process by which goods are
transferred from one place to another in order to facilitate the
availability of product where it is required.
This is a term referring to the logistics industry where goods are
transferred from the source to the destination which can be
from one factory to a port to another in case a company orders
a raw material or the other way round when a manufactured
product is transferred from our company to some other
company.

This is a very important step as the timely delivery of all

materials out and into a plant is very essential for the smooth
functioning of the plant / organization.
Freight facilities may include
Seaports, airports and border crossings

Railyards and rail lines

Marine highways

Highways and high truck traffic roads

Warehouse and distribution facilities

 Goods Movement and
Supply Chains
Goods movement
the distribution of freight (including raw
materials, parts and finished consumer
products) by all modes of transportation
including marine, air, rail and truck.
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Supply Chain
a group of human and physical entities including
procurement specialists, wholesalers, logistics
managers, manufacturing plants, distribution centers
and retail outlets, linked by information and
transportation in a seamless, integrated network to
supply goods or services from where it is produced
to where it is consumed.
Type of goods transfer
Perishable
PPerishable foods represent
foods that have a limited shelf
life, spoil easily, decay, or
become unsafe for
consumption.
High Value
Ameansgoods of a value that is
greater than the amount
prescribed by the regulations for
the purposes of this definition.
Low value
Less valuable items which
normally carry by using sea
transport.
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Temperature
sensitive
Temperature sensitive goods
refer to a goods which need to
be temperature control. This
goods normally carried by a
refrigerated container. Failure to
control the temperature will
damages the goods condition.
Type of goods transfer
Dangerous Goods
A dangerous good (also known
as hazardous material or
hazmat) is any substance or
material that is capable of
posing an unreasonable risk to
health, safety, and property
when transported in commerce
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Liquid and gases Live stocks Ails
example: water, gases , Live animals goods which having extra
petroleum etc. ordinary size, and its need
special vehicles to move the
goods. Example:- Crane, materia,
for construction or aircraft parts
Perisable Goods

Perishable goods require a specialized service

provider with intimate knowledge of
refrigerated trailers, or reefers. It enables the
movement of goods like fruits, vegetables,
seafood, some medicine and other pharma
products, dairy and bakery products, meat,
and flowers and plants. Refrigerated trucking
helps connect farmers, bakers, meat
production plants, pharma companies with
markets and ensures end customers even at
remote locations get fresh and quality
products.
What is the Best Way to Transport Perishable
Goods?
Among all products and items being shipped, perishable goods are among the most widely
distributed products across the world. They are being delivered to retail stores and food
establishments almost every day. However, delivering these goods also entails several
challenges, so as a manufacturer, knowing the best way to transport perishable goods is a
must.

How to handle and keep the freshness of perishable goods;

1-Pick the right packaging

2-Add ice pack

3-Keep the good secure

4-Pick he right mode

Vehicles for Transporting Perisable Goods

some shipping vehicles build to keep your perishable products at their ideal temperature and condition

1-Isothermal

This type of vehicle has isolating doors, walls, floor and ceiling, which control the exchange of heat between the
exterior and the interior part of vehicles.

2- Reefer

If transporting the refrigerated goods, then a reefer or refrigerated trailer is the right option. Generally, it has a non-
mechanical cold source system that can minimize the interior temperature and maintain it for an average 30ºC to
-20ºC exterior temperature.

3- Freezer

Some perishable goods require a high freezing point to maintain its quality and condition. If it is the case, then
getting a shipping carrier with a cold production mechanism is one of the tips for shipping the perishable goods that
requires a consistent temperature between -12ºC and -20ºC.
What are the Best Methods to Ship Perishable Goods? R|R

By Land

Trailers good for transporting perishable goods since they have various cold systems, which
use ice or dry ice more often. On the other hand, trains are also best for transporting
perishable goods. They have an isolating lining and a special system for refrigeration, loading,
and unloading goods. Trains typically used dry ice to keep goods fresh.

By Air
shipping goods internationally, by air is the best way to transport the perishable goods. Each
airport has a special area used solely for handling perishable goods where the temperature is
controlled. Also, they have refrigerated chambers and freezers for these goods. Besides, they
provide customs inspection to ensure that the goods are kept at the optimal temperature.
The products most commonly shipped by air are:
Fresh goods (fruit, vegetables, meats, etc.)
Frozen goods (fruit, concentrates, fruit pulps, etc.)
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What are the Best Methods to Ship Perishable Goods?

By Ocean

Aside from reefer trucks, ocean freight also offers refrigerated ships that are
fully equipped with temperature systems to circulate air properly. You may
also transport goods using refrigerated containers.
If you ship by the ocean, they provide a “temperature requirement sheet”
before transporting your perishable goods to indicate the temperature, and
goods must be kept in a refrigerated container.
The products most commonly shipped by the ocean are:
Fresh goods (fruit, vegetables, meats, etc.)
Frozen goods (fruit, fruit pulps, concentrates, meats, etc.)
Dangerous Goods?

Dangerous Goods Hazard Classes

The Department of Transportation categorizes

dangerous goods into nine hazard classes that
describe different types of risks. For example,
Class 3 includes flammable liquids and Class 8
includes corrosive materials. Learn more
about commonly shipped dangerous goods
(PDF) for each hazard class. The Department
of Transportation's Hazardous Materials Table
provides additional details about specific
dangerous goods.
Class 1

(a) Explosive. For the purposes of this subchapter, an explosive means

any substance or article, including a device, which is designed to
function by explosion (i.e., an extremely rapid release of gas and heat)
or which, by chemical reaction within itself, is able to function in a
similar manner even if not designed to function by explosion, unless
the substance or article is otherwise classed under the provisions of
this subchapter. The term includes a pyrotechnic substance or article,
unless the substance or article is otherwise classed under the
provisions of this subchapter.
Class 2, Divisions 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3 - Definitions.

(a) Division 2.1 (Flammable gas). For the purpose of this

subchapter, a flammable gas (Division 2.1) means any material
which is a gas at 20 °C (68 °F) or less and 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia) of
pressure (a material which has a boiling point of 20 °C (68 °F) or
less at 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia))

(b) Division 2.2 (non-flammable, nonpoisonous compressed

gas - including compressed gas, liquefied gas, pressurized
cryogenic gas, compressed gas in solution, asphyxiant gas and
oxidizing gas). For the purpose of this subchapter, a non-
flammable, nonpoisonous compressed gas (Division 2.2) means
any material (or mixture)
c) Division 2.3 (Gas poisonous by inhalation). For the purpose of this
subchapter, a gas poisonous by inhalation (Division 2.3) means a material
which is a gas at 20 °C (68 °F) or less and a pressure of 101.3 kPa (14.7 psia)
(a material which has a boiling point of 20 °C (68 °F) or less at 101.3 kPa (14.7
psia))

(d) Non-liquefied compressed gas. A gas, which when packaged under

pressure for transportation is entirely gaseous at −50 °C (−58 °F) with a
critical temperature less than or equal to −50 °C (−58 °F), is considered to be
a non-liquefied compressed gas.

(e) Liquefied compressed gas. A gas, which when packaged under pressure
for transportation is partially liquid at temperatures above −50 °C (−58 °F), is
considered to be a liquefied compressed gas
Class 3, Flammable Liquids

9a) Flammable liquid. For the purpose of this subchapter, a flammable

liquid (Class 3) means a liquid having a flash point of not more than 60 °C
(140 °F), or any material in a liquid phase with a flash point at or above
37.8 °C (100 °F) that is intentionally heated and offered for
transportation or transported at or above its flash point in a bulk
packaging

(b) Combustible liquid

(c) Flash point.

(1) Flash point means the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives
off vapor within a test vessel in sufficient concentration to form an
ignitable mixture with air near the surface of the liquid
Class 4, Flammable Solid, Spontaneously Combustible, and
Dangerous When Wet

(Flammable Solid). For the purposes of this subchapter, flammable

solid (Division 4.1) means any of the following four types of materials:

1-Desensitized explosives

2-Self-reactive materials that are thermally unstable and can undergo

an exothermic decomposition even without participation of oxygen
(air)

3-Readily combustible solids are materials

4- Polymerizing materials are materials which, without stabilization,

are liable to undergo an exothermic reaction resulting in the
formation of larger molecules or resulting in the formation of
polymers under conditions normally encountered in transport
Class 5, Oxidizer, Organic Peroxide

Definition. For the purpose of this subchapter, oxidizer (Division 5.1) means a
material that may, generally by yielding oxygen, cause or enhance the
combustion of other materials.

(1) A solid material, except for solid ammonium nitrate based fertilizer (see
paragraph (a)(3) of this section), is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when
tested in accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria

A liquid material is classed as a Division 5.1 material if, when tested in

accordance with the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, it spontaneously
ignites or its mean time for a pressure rise from 690 kPa to 2070 kPa gauge is
less then the time of a 1:1 nitric acid (65 percent)/cellulose mixture.

(3) Solid ammonium nitrate-based fertilizers must be classified in accordance

with the procedure as set out in the UN Manual of Tests and Criteria, Part III,
Section 39.
Class 6, Poison (Toxic), Poison Inhalation Hazard, Infectious Substance

For the purpose of this subchapter, poisonous material (Division 6.1) means
a material, other than a gas, which is known to be so toxic to humans as to
afford a hazard to health during transportation, or which, in the absence of
adequate data on human toxicity:

(1) Is presumed to be toxic to humans because it falls within any one of the
following categories when tested on laboratory animals (whenever possible,
animal test data that has been reported in the chemical literature should be
used):

(i) Oral Toxicity. A liquid or solid with an LD50 for acute oral toxicity of not
more than 300 mg/kg.

(ii) Dermal Toxicity. A material with an LD50 for acute dermal toxicity of not
more than 1000 mg/kg.

(iii) Inhalation Toxicity.

Class 7, Radioactive Material

Radioactive material is any material containing unstable atoms that emit ionizing radiation
as it decays.

Radioactive materials shipments in the US are classified by the US Department of

Transportation (DOT) under one of the following categories:

Limited Quantity

White - I

Yellow - II

Yellow - III

The category assigned to a package depends on quantity of radioactive material being

shipped and the dose rate on the outside of the package. A label on the outside of the
package indicates the category of radioactive material shipment.
Class 8, Corrosives

“corrosive material” (Class 8) means a liquid or solid that causes

irreversible damage to human skin at the site of contact within a
specified period of time. A liquid, or a solid which may become liquid
during transportation, that has a severe corrosion rate on steel or
aluminum based on the criteria in § 173.137(c)(2) is also a corrosive
material.
Class 9, Miscellaneous Hazardous Materials
and Lithium Batteries

are substances and articles which during transport present a danger or

hazard not covered by other 8 classes. This class encompasses, but is
not limited to, environmentally hazardous substances, substances that
are transported at elevated temperatures, miscellaneous articles and
substances, genetically modified organisms and micro-organisms and
(depending on the method of transport) magnetized materials and
aviation regulated substances..
Livestock

Livestock transportation is the movement of livestock, by road, rail,

ship, or air. Livestock are transported for many reasons, including
slaughter, auction, breeding, livestock shows, rodeos, fairs, and
grazing. When the movement crosses borders into another country,
it is known as live export.
Livestock
Preparing stock for transport

Livestock should be adequately prepared for a journey. Livestock stress in

transport is cumulative and animals that are already stressed travel poorly.
Preparing livestock well for transport helps ensure they are in good condition on
arrival and reduces skin staining, bruising, downers and deaths.

The key points when preparing livestock for travel are

Plan for the trip.

Avoid extremes of weather.

Check the holding and loading yards and loading ramp to make sure they are
adequate.
Livestock
Use low-stress handling techniques.

Don't carry out highly stressful activities just before loading, including
crutching, dipping, drenching and dehorning.

Ear tagging prior to loading for transport should be limited to those animals
that have lost an NLIS tag.

Only present livestock that are fit to travel.

Sick, injured, severely lame, weak or emaciated animals unable to keep up

with the mob, blind and heavily pregnant animals should not be transported.

Yard the livestock before loading, preferably overnight to allow them to

settle.
Livestock

Segregate livestock appropriately for loading and travel.

Hold stock off feed and water for 8-12 hours prior to transport if possible.

Strict maximum times off water apply and producers must remember that
time off water prior to loading is part of the maximum time off water for the
intended journey.

Use a professional livestock carrier who is accredited by TruckSafe Animal

Welfare.

https://cites.org/eng/resources/transport/index.php#2_1
Abnormal Indivisible Loads
Abnormal indivisible loads (AILs) are classified
as loads which cannot, without undue expense
or risk of damage, be divided into two or more
loads, in order to transport.

In some instances, depending on the vehicle

involved, the type of load, and the route it must
travel, this could mean a police escort is
required.
Abnormal Indivisible Loads
Abnormal Indivisible Loads (AIL's) to be carried which
exceed the weight and/or dimensions limits
contained in the Road Vehicles (Construction and
Use) Regulations 1986, the Road Vehicles (Authorised
Weight) Regulations 1998; and in cases where;

A variety of unusual vehicles, such as items of

engineering plant or military vehicles, whose design
and function prevents compliance with Construction
and Use regulations, to be used on public roads in
certain circumstances