ELETROSTÁTICA Formulário EM/MEFT 2021/22

v0.1 (1/12/2021), Pedro Abreu

#⃗
𝑄 ⃗ = − ? 𝐸 @ 𝑑 𝑙⃗
𝜙(𝑟) 𝜙 ℛ ≡0 ℛ→∞
𝐸 = 𝑘! " 𝑒⃗# 𝐸 = −∇𝜙
𝐹⃗ = 𝑞(𝐸 + 𝑣×𝐵)
⃗ 𝑟 ℛ

1 𝜌 𝜎
𝑘! = = 9×10% N.C –2 .m2 𝐸" − 𝐸* ⋅ 𝑛 = ∇×𝐸 = 0 C 𝐸 @ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 0
4𝜋𝜀$ ∇⋅𝐸 = 𝜀$
𝜀$
Dipolo:

𝑄 𝑝⃗ @ 𝑒⃗# 𝑄
𝑝⃗ = L 𝑞) 𝑟⃗) 𝜙 = 𝑘! + " +⋯ M ∇ ⋅ 𝐸 𝑑𝑣 = N 𝐸 @ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 = int ∇" 𝜙 = −
𝜌
∇⋅𝐷 =𝜌
𝑟 𝑟 𝜀$ 𝜀$
)
1 1
𝑢( (vazio) = L 𝑞) 𝜙) = 𝜀$ 𝐸 " M ∇ ⋅ 𝐷 𝑑𝑣 = N 𝐷 @ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 = 𝑄int 𝐷" − 𝐷* ⋅ 𝑛 = 𝜎
2 ) 2
𝑄 𝑄 1 " 𝑄"
𝐷 = 𝜀$ 𝐸 + 𝑃 = 𝜀$ 1 + 𝜒( 𝐸 = 𝜀𝐸 𝐶= = 𝑈( = 𝐶𝑉 = 𝐶eq (∥) = 𝐶* + 𝐶"
𝑉 𝜙" − 𝜙* 2 2𝐶
1 𝐸" − 𝐸* ×𝑛 = 0
𝑢( = 𝐸 ⋅ 𝐷 𝐸int.condut.eq.el. = 0 /*
𝐶eq (série) = 𝐶*/* + 𝐶"/*
2 𝐷" − 𝐷* ×𝑛 = 𝑃" − 𝑃* ×𝑛
𝑑𝑄
CORRENTE ELÉTRICA 𝐽⃗ = 𝜌𝑣⃗ 𝐾 = 𝜎𝑣⃗ 𝐼⃗ = 𝜆𝑣⃗ 𝐼= = h 𝐽⃗ ⋅ 𝑛𝑑𝑆
𝑑𝑡 47

𝜕𝜌 1 𝑑𝑙
∇ ⋅ 𝐽⃗ + =0 𝐽⃗ = 𝜎(,) 𝐸 𝑉 = ? 𝐸 ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = ? 𝐽⃗ ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 𝐼 ? = 𝑅𝐼 𝑅eq (série) = 𝑅* + 𝑅"
𝜕𝑡 𝜎 𝜎𝑆

/*
Lei dos nós: L 𝐼. = 0 Lei das malhas: L 𝑉. = 0 𝑅eq (∥) = 𝑅*/* + 𝑅"/*
. .

– + 𝜀 𝑉. = −𝜀 𝐶 𝑄 1 𝑅
𝑉. = = ? 𝐼𝑑𝑡 𝑉. = 𝑅𝐼 𝑃 = 𝑉𝐼 = 𝑅𝐼"
𝐶 𝐶
𝑄$ /0/(2,) carga do condensador: 𝑉 𝑡 = 𝜀 1 − 𝑒 /0/(2,)
descarga do condensador: 𝑉, 𝑡 = 𝑒 ,
𝐶
⃗ 𝑒⃗# 𝜇$ 𝐽×
𝜇$ 𝐼𝑑 𝑙× ⃗ 𝑒⃗# 𝜇$ 𝐾×𝑒⃗#
MAGNETOSTÁTICA 𝐵= ? = ? 𝑑𝑣 = ? " 𝑑𝑆 = ∇×𝐴⃗
4𝜋 𝑟" 4𝜋 𝑟" 4𝜋 𝑟

⃗ 𝐵" − 𝐵* ⋅ 𝑛 = 0
𝐹⃗ = ? 𝐼𝑑 𝑙×𝐵 N 𝐵 @ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 = 0 ∇⋅𝐵 =0 ∇×𝐵 = 𝜇$ 𝐽⃗ C 𝐵 @ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 𝜇$ 𝐼int
𝐵" − 𝐵* = 𝜇$ 𝐾×𝑛

𝜇⃗ = 𝑚 = 𝐼𝐴𝑛 𝑁 = 𝜇×𝐵
⃗ 𝐸; = −𝜇⃗ @ 𝐵 𝐵 = 𝜇$ 𝐻 + 𝑀 𝑀 = 𝜒6 𝐻 𝐵 = 𝜇$ 1 + 𝜒6 𝐻 = 𝜇𝐻

𝜇" 𝐻" − 𝜇* 𝐻* ⋅ 𝑛 = 0
C 𝐻 @ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 𝐼int ∇×𝐻 = 𝐽⃗ ∇ ⋅ 𝐻 = −∇ ⋅ 𝑀
𝐻" − 𝐻* = 𝐾×𝑛

C 𝐻 @ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = h 𝐽⃗ ⋅ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 + ? 𝐾 ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ ∮ 𝐵 @ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 𝜇$ ∬47 𝐽⃗ + 𝐽⃗8 ⋅ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 +𝜇$ ∫, 𝐾 + 𝐾8 ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗

47 ,

1 𝑑 𝑙⃗3 ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗5 1 1
Φ3 = h 𝐵 ⋅ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 = L 𝐿35 𝐼5 𝐿35 = ? ? 𝜇 𝑢8 = 𝐵 ⋅ 𝐻 𝑈8 = 𝐿𝐼"
4 5 4𝜋 9! 9" 𝑟⃗3 − 𝑟⃗5 2 2
𝐿 𝑑𝐼 𝐿eq (série) = 𝐿* + 𝐿"
1 1 1 𝑉. = −𝐿
𝑈8 1 + 2 = 𝐿* 𝐼*" + 𝐿" 𝐼"" + 𝑀𝐼* 𝐼" = L Φ. 𝐼. 𝑑𝑡 𝐿/* /* /*
eq (∥) = 𝐿* + 𝐿"
2 2 2
.
𝜀
descarga do solenóide: 𝐼 𝑡 = 𝐼$ 𝑒 /20/: carga do solenóide: 𝐼 𝑡 = 1 − 𝑒 /20/:
𝑅
 MATEMÁTICA para E.M. Formulário EM/MEFT 2021/22
v0.1 (1/12/2021), Pedro Abreu
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑟
! = log 𝑎# + 𝑟 # + 𝑟 + 𝐶 ! = +𝐶
𝑎# + 𝑟# 𝑎# + 𝑟 # $/#
𝑎# 𝑎# + 𝑟 #
𝑟𝑑𝑟 1 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 1 ('
! =− +𝐶 ! = log 𝑟 + 𝐶 ! =− +𝐶 < 𝐶⃗ 𝑟′
⃗ 𝛿 $ 𝑟– ⃗ 𝑑𝑣 ) = 𝐶⃗ 𝑟⃗
⃗ 𝑟′
𝑎# + 𝑟# $/#
𝑎# + 𝑟 # 𝑟 𝑟# 𝑟 &'

Coordenadas cilíndricas
𝑥 = 𝑅 cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗< = cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗2 − sin 𝜑𝑒⃗= 𝑅= 𝑥" + 𝑦" 𝑒⃗2 = cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗< + sin 𝜑𝑒⃗>
€ 𝑦 = 𝑅 sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗> = sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗2 + cos 𝜑𝑒⃗= 𝑦 …𝑒⃗= = −sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗< + cos 𝜑𝑒⃗>
𝜑 = arctan
𝑧=𝑧 𝑒⃗? = 𝑒⃗@ 𝑥 𝑒⃗? = 𝑒⃗@
𝑧=𝑧

𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 𝑑𝑅𝑒⃗2 + 𝑅𝑑𝜑𝑒⃗= + 𝑑𝑧𝑒⃗@ 𝑑𝑆 = 𝑅𝑑𝑅𝑑𝜑, 𝑑𝑅𝑑𝑧, 𝑅𝑑𝑧𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑅𝑑𝑅𝑑𝜑𝑑𝑧

𝑟⃗ = 𝑅𝑒⃗2 + 𝑧𝑒⃗@ 𝜕𝑇 1 𝜕𝑇 𝜕𝑇 1 𝜕 𝑅𝐶2 1 𝜕𝐶= 𝜕𝐶@

∇𝑇 = 𝑒⃗2 + 𝑒⃗= + 𝑒⃗ ∇ ⋅ 𝐶⃗ = + +
𝐶⃗ = 𝐶2 𝑒⃗2 + 𝐶= 𝑒⃗= + 𝐶@ 𝑒⃗@ 𝜕𝑅 𝑅 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑧 @ 𝑅 𝜕𝑅 𝑅 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑧
1 𝜕 𝐶! 𝜕 𝐶" 𝜕 𝐶# 𝜕 𝐶! 1 𝜕 𝑅𝐶" 𝜕 𝐶#
∇×𝐶⃗ = − 𝑒⃗# + − 𝑒⃗" + − 𝑒⃗!
𝑅 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑧 𝜕𝑅 𝑅 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝜑
1 𝜕 𝜕𝐶# 1 𝜕 & 𝐶# 𝜕 & 𝐶#
∇& 𝐶⃗ = 𝑒⃗# 𝑅 + & + + 𝑒⃗" lap 𝐶" + 𝑒⃗! lap 𝐶!
𝑅 𝜕𝑅 𝜕𝑅 𝑅 𝜕𝜑 & 𝜕𝑧 &

Coordenadas 𝑥 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 cos 𝜑

2 𝑦 = 𝑟 sin 𝜃 sin 𝜑 ‰𝑟 = 𝑥 " + 𝑦 " + 𝑧 ",
𝑧
𝜃 = arccos , 𝜑 = arctan
𝑦
esféricas 𝑧 = 𝑟 cos 𝜃 𝑟 𝑥
𝑒⃗< = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗# + cos 𝜃 cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗A − sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗= 𝑒⃗# = sin 𝜃 cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗< + sin 𝜃 sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗> + cos 𝜃 𝑒⃗@
𝑒⃗> = sin 𝜃 sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗# + cos 𝜃 sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗A + cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗= 𝑒⃗A = cos 𝜃 cos 𝜑 𝑒⃗< + cos 𝜃 sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗> − sin 𝜃 𝑒⃗@
𝑒⃗? = cos 𝜃 𝑒⃗# − sin 𝜃 𝑒⃗A 𝑒⃗= = −sin 𝜑 𝑒⃗< + cos 𝜑𝑒⃗>

𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 𝑑𝑟𝑒⃗2 + 𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑒⃗A + 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜑𝑒⃗= 𝑑𝑆 = 𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃, 𝑟 sin 𝜃𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜑 , 𝑟 " sin 𝜃𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜑 𝑑𝑣 = 𝑟 " sin 𝜃𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃𝑑𝜑
𝜕𝑇 1 𝜕𝑇 1 𝜕𝑇
𝑟⃗ = 𝑟𝑒⃗# 𝐶⃗ = 𝐶# 𝑒⃗# + 𝐶A 𝑒⃗A + 𝐶= 𝑒⃗= ∇𝑇 = 𝑒⃗# + 𝑒⃗A + 𝑒⃗
𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜑 =
𝑒⃗# B "
1 1 𝜕 𝑟 " 𝐶# 1 𝜕 sin 𝜃 𝐶A 1 𝜕𝐶=
∇𝑟 = 𝑒⃗# ∇⋅ = 4𝜋𝛿 𝑟
⃗ = −∇ ∇ ⋅ 𝐶⃗ = + +
𝑟" 𝑟 𝑟 " 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜑
1 𝜕 sin 𝜃 𝐶" 𝜕 sin 𝜃 𝐶$ 1 1 𝜕 𝐶% 𝜕 𝑟𝐶" 1 𝜕 𝑟𝐶$ 𝜕 𝐶%
∇×𝐶⃗ = − 𝑒⃗% + − 𝑒⃗$ + − 𝑒⃗"
𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜑 𝑟 sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜑 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝜃
1 𝜕 & 𝜕𝐶% 1 𝜕 𝜕𝐶% 1 𝜕 & 𝐶%
∇& 𝐶⃗ = 𝑒⃗% 𝑟 + sin 𝜃 + + 𝑒⃗$ lap 𝐶$ + 𝑒⃗" lap 𝐶"
𝑟 & 𝜕𝑟 𝜕𝑟 𝑟 & sin 𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝜕𝜃 𝑟 & sin& 𝜃 𝜕𝜑 &

𝐴⃗ ⋅ 𝐵×𝐶⃗ = 𝐵 ⋅ 𝐶×
⃗ 𝐴⃗ = 𝐶⃗ ⋅ 𝐴×𝐵
⃗ ∇ ⋅ 𝑇𝐶⃗ = 𝑇∇ ⋅ 𝐶⃗ + 𝐶⃗ ⋅ ∇𝑇 ⃗ 𝐵×𝐶⃗ = 𝐵 𝐴⃗ ⋅ 𝐶⃗ − 𝐶⃗ 𝐴⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
𝐴×

∇ 𝑇𝑈 = 𝑇∇𝑈 + 𝑈∇𝑇 ∇× 𝑇𝐶⃗ = 𝑇∇×𝐶⃗ − 𝐶×∇𝑇

⃗ ∇ 𝐴⃗ ⋅ 𝐶⃗ = 𝐴×
⃗ ∇×𝐶⃗ + 𝐶×
⃗ ∇×𝐴⃗ + 𝐴⃗ ⋅ ∇ 𝐶+ ⃗ 𝐶⃗ ⋅ ∇ 𝐴⃗

⃗ 𝐶⃗ = 𝐶⃗ ⋅ ∇×𝐴⃗ − 𝐴⃗ ⋅ ∇×𝐶⃗ ∇ ⋅ ∇×𝐶⃗ = 0 ⃗ 𝐶⃗ = 𝐶⃗ ⋅ ∇ 𝐴⃗ − 𝐴⃗ ⋅ ∇ 𝐶+

∇× 𝐴× ⃗ ∇ ⋅ 𝐶⃗ 𝐴⃗ − ∇ ⋅ 𝐴⃗ 𝐶⃗
∇ ⋅ 𝐴×
∇× ∇𝑇 = 0 ∇× ∇×𝐶⃗ = ∇ ∇ ⋅ 𝐶⃗ − ∇# 𝐶⃗ = grad(div 𝐶)
⃗ − lap 𝐶⃗
E
C,⃗ C,⃗ C,⃗
? ∇𝑇 ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 𝑇 𝑏 − 𝑇(𝑎) h ∇×𝐶⃗ ⋅ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 = C 𝐶⃗ ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ 𝐴⃗ ⋅ ∇ 𝐶⃗ = 𝐴< C< + 𝐴> C>+ 𝐴@ C@
D

C ∇𝑇 ⋅ 𝑑 𝑙⃗ = 0 N ∇×𝐶⃗ ⋅ 𝑛𝑑𝑆 = 0 ⃗ = N 𝐶⃗ ⋅ 𝑛𝑑𝑆

M ∇ ⋅ 𝐶𝑑𝑣