CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Poverty is a big problem in the Philippines. Their situation are very poor;
many of them are unemployed and their only hope for life is not easily attainable. The
shortage seems to be continuing. Social problems in the Philippines are increasing
and the population is growing rapidly. Thus, the Philippine government shows its
serious desire to reduce poverty by continuously improving the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program (4Ps), the social assistance program and the social development plan
of the national government. In addition, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps) is regulated by law. (Aquino, 2016) introduced (Senate Bill No. 687) a law to
institutionalize the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is Conditional Cash Transfer
(CCT) program that is implemented by Department of Social Welfare and
Development, the Department of Health, agreed by Department of Education and with
the National Economic and Development Authority. All 4ps beneficiaries in the
Philippines are provided with cash grants under this program. The program is aimed
at reducing poverty in the Philippines by ensuring every child has access to health and
education, including those under 18 years old. The government considers that this
program will make these children healthier and give them a better future. According
to the World Bank, 9 million children are currently beneficiaries of this program. The
study estimated that the program led to a poverty reduction of 1.4 percentage points
per year, which would have resulted in 1.5 million fewer poor Filipinos. Not only in
the Philippines, but also other countries have been implementing similar programs
like Argentina’s Universal Allowance for Children, Brazil’s Family Grant, and Chile’s
Solidarity System which all have reduced their poverty levels significantly (Catubig,
Dollery, & Villano, 2015).
According to the study, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, often
known as 4ps, has an impact on households by minimizing child labor, providing
daily necessities, education, and health. It also shows that their program assists poor
individuals and break the cycle of poverty. (Sasis, P. L., Pelenio, E., & Dalde, M. N.,
2019).
According to a research conducted by Genaro Basas (2021) in Bagacay,
Daram, Samar, Philippines, there are more households with two children covered by
the program continue to suffer from a lack of daily basic necessities such as food,
water, clothes, and other family costs. The majority of them bought flat screen TVs,
electric fans, lights, or fluorescents, and mobile phones at the most affordable price.
Their houses or the land they live on are not owned or guaranteed by them. Most of
them couldn’t afford to buy building materials, so their homes were mostly not
concrete. Not all household recipients built toilets, and some of those that did were
substandard. Other household recipients farmed agricultural land that they did not
have. There were other household beneficiaries who cultivated agricultural land that
they didn’t own. Parents are monitoring their children’s attendance and progress at
school more often than ever. They’ve been active participants in school activities.
In Barangay Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur, Leyte which is considered as one of the
Barangay that has more than 50 members of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program or 4ps. Based on the initial interview of the researcher, a total of 70 4ps
beneficiary in Barangay Tin-Awan, 40 of them are member for about three to five
years and above and already receiving cash assistance from the program. From the
results it showed that the new 4Ps beneficiaries or this are the member of the program
for less than three years are still suffering from food shortages and some of them do
not have access to clean water. In comparison to those members of program who have
been members for a long period of time, are now living in sufficient food supply and
access to safe drinking water. The researcher has find out that still there has been no
formal study was conducted in order to determine the current social status of every
beneficiaries of 4ps in Barangay Tin-awan. As a result, the researchers are looking
forward to being able to fully analyze changes in beneficiaries’ social status.
Given the above discussions, it is evident that not only the 4ps beneficiaries in
Barangay Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur Leyte are still experiencing deprived of food, water
and other basic necessities of a family but also for many 4ps beneficiaries in other
places. Again, it is for this reason that the researcher is motivated to conduct the study
to determine if there had been any improvement for every 4ps beneficiaries welfare
status.
This proposed research aims to know and determine the impact of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on the social status of 4Ps beneficiaries in
Barangay Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur Leyte. The researcher contend that if we can be able
to know the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program to the social status of
every 4ps beneficiaries. In doing so, the researcher would be able to assess how each
4ps beneficiary in our barangay has improved his or her living and determine whether
any of those beneficiaries have increased their social status. In addition, the researcher
would like to know if there are 4ps beneficiaries who are still experiencing a lack of
food and basic family needs and how the 4ps program changes their social status.
 Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine the impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program on the social status of each 4Ps beneficiary in Barangay Tin-Awan Mac-
Arthur, Leyte. By analyzing the impact of the 4Ps on the beneficiaries in the said
place, the researchers hope to be able to fully analyze changes in the social status of
the beneficiaries.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the 4ps beneficiary demographic profile in terms of:
a. grade level attained;
b. marital status;
c. occupation; and
d. family size
2. What is the current social status of 4Ps beneficiary in Barangay
Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur, Leyte?
3. How many 4Ps beneficiary are still suffering from lack of basic
family needs?
4. Is there a significant impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program on the social status of every 4ps beneficiaries?

Research Objectives:
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program to the social status of every 4ps beneficiary in Barangay
Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur, Leyte.
Likewise, this study aim to find answers to the following specific objective:
1. To identify the demographic profile of the respondents;
a. name; (optional)
b. marital status;
c. occupation; and
d. family size
2. to identify the current social status of 4Ps beneficiary in
Barangay Tin-Awan;
3. to determine the number of 4Ps beneficiary who are still
suffering from lack of basic family needs; and
4. to analyze the significant impact of Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program on the social status of every 4ps beneficiaries.

Research Hypothesis
 Ha: The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) has a significant impact
to the social status of every beneficiary.

Significance of the Study

This study will benefit the following:

To the 4ps Beneficiaries

This study will do help family members of 4ps in Barangay Tin-Awan of
getting aware of the changes that has been made because of being member of
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program.

To the Local Government Officials

This study will be a basis of the Local Government Officials in our
municipality in monitoring the improvement of the family members of 4ps.

To the Government
This study will be a basis of the government officials in producing new
members of the 4ps and expanding the program.

To the Future Researchers

This study would be a guide for future researchers for them to have an idea of
the findings that will help in achieving the goals of their study.
 Theoretical Framework
The Social Contract Theory of Jean Jacques Rousseau may be applied to the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) since it is a great instance of a social
contract in which the government offers financial subsidies to poor families in order
to satisfy their most basic needs. In exchange, grantees must meet the program’s
requirements. This theory can also be applied to this study because the purpose of this
study is to focus on the impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on the
social status of beneficiaries, and Jean Jacque Rousseau theorized that the Philippines
deals with poverty in addition to providing financial subsidies and to find the root
causes and potential causes of poverty in order to prevent further development.
Support for employment and social development are the two primary objectives of
4Ps. Livelihood support means that under a welfare program, cash and financial aid is
provided to poor households with reduced incomes for their needs. By getting out of
poverty, by meeting fundamental and essential needs such as shelter, food and
clothing. The second purpose is social development; by investing in human capital, it
aims to reverse the cycle of intergenerational poverty (Talimia and Salagubang, 2019).
 Conceptual Framework

IV DV

Pantawid Social
Pamilyang Pilipino Status
Program

Education
Occupation
Marital Status
Family size

Figure 1. The Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

The figure shows the conceptual framework of the study and the independent
and dependent variables. It is shown in Figure 1, illustrating the 4Ps as the
independent variable and the social status as the dependent variable.
 Scope and Delimitation
This study is limited only to determine the impact of Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program to the social status of every 4ps beneficiaries in Barangay Tin-Awan
Mac-Arthur, Leyte. This study will consist of 4ps beneficiary in Barangay Tin-Awan
Mac-Arthur Leyte.The participants will be chosen only if a 4ps beneficiaries and a
bonafide resident of Barangay Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur, Leyte, member of 4ps for three
to five years and already receiving cash subsidy from the program. Based on the
initial interview of the researcher, a total of 70 4ps members in Barangay Tin-Awan,
40 of them are member for about three to five years and above and already receiving
cash assistance from the program. From the 40 4ps members, the researcher obtained
a sample size of 36.3 or 36 4ps members will be the possible respondents of the study
with the use of simple random sampling.

Definition of Terms
This part contains code terms and their meanings operationally and
conceptually defined as used in the study.

1. Beneficiaries. As indicated in this study, it is the people whom

will be receiving cash subsidy from the program.
2. Child. Those who are below eighteen (18) years of age or over
but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from
abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of physical or
mental disability or condition ( RA 7610).
3. Child Labor. Any paid or unpaid activity in which a child is
engaged at the expense of fulfilling his/her rights to education, health, and
recreation among others.
4. Conditional Cash Transfer. As indicated in this study, it is a
program concept that gives cash subsidy to poor families in the world.
5. Department of Social Welfare. As indicated in this study, it is
one of the part of the government that agreed to help the 4ps beneficiaries.
6. Household. It is composed of all people living in the same
dwelling, which may or may not be a nuclear family.
7. Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. As indicated in this
study, it is the Conditional Cash Transfer of the Philippines.
8. Poverty. It is the condition of every household beneficiary of
the program in which they cannot provide for the immediate needs of their
family.
9. Social Status. It is the current socio-economic status of the
household beneficiaries defined by education, occupation, and income.
10. World Bank. As indicated in this study, it is the source/bank
where the money or cash that will be given to the beneficiaries cam from.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

According to Genaro Basas (2021), income, occupation, and education are the
three main indicators of socioeconomic position. Each element shows varying
correlations with various health outcomes, and specific strategies would address each
one. One of the biggest societal causes of children’s academic and general well-being
issues is still their socioeconomic situation. Once issues arise, they can be lessened by
having access to social resources. A policy or program that provides children with
social resources such as education and health care is needed in order to invest in their
human capital. Teaching children to fish will ensure that they grow up to be well-
informed and healthy citizens.
Furthermore, a substantial portion of the Filipino population is experiencing
prolonged poverty (Reyes et al., 2014). In society, poverty is defined as not having
enough resources to meet basic needs or to survive on a daily basis. Poverty is
characterized by ongoing hunger, limited access to healthcare and education, and
social marginalization (Crossman, 2017). The Philippines, like many other countries,
is deeply worried about poverty. According to Fernandez and Abocejo (2014), the
majority of Filipinos undoubtedly struggle to provide for their families and pay for
their children's educations. Many families were struggling and unable to feed
themselves, so they forced their children to leave school in order for them to work at
the family’s employment and make things fulfill. Thus, there is harm to children’s
development, wellbeing, nutrition, and overall health (Garoma et al., 2017). Families
below the poverty line are affected by a number of social concerns because they are
unable to meet their fundamental needs (Millán et al., 2019). Programs for conditional
cash transfers, which provide financial subsidies and help to less fortunate families,
became necessary as a result of the conditions. As a result of this, in an effort to at
least lessen poverty in the country, the government has put in place a variety of social
programs and laws. But given that nearly all of people get attracted to a more
concentrated. However, as most individuals are attracted to more targeted solutions
and instant results, it has shown to be unstable and unsuccessful. One of the most
well-known social programs in the nation, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps), was not implemented in the Philippines until 2008 (Dungog-Cuizon and
Cuizon, 2016).
The 4Ps Is a rights-based program, according to Department of Social Welfare
and Development (2021), that aims to help poor households (HHs) with children
between the ages of 0 and 18 achieve human development goals, particularly those
related to the beneficiaries’ socioeconomic status, health, and nutrition. Ultimately,
the program hopes to help end the intergenerational cycle of poverty by enabling HHs
to meet these goals. Since the program’s launch, numerous families have benefited
from it (Catubig et al., 2015). In many parts of the country, the 4Ps program’s goal of
fostering social development in response to the urgent needs of severely poor families
has been successful in ending the intergenerational cycle of poverty (Dungog-Cuizon
et al., 2016). Additionally, 4Ps is a social protection and aid program that aims to
promote nutrition, school attendance, and mother and child health. Additionally, it
helps to stop child labor. The program has the support and assistance of numerous
respected organizations, including the local government and other agencies. The
Program’s seven-year social case management approach, known as the Kilos-Unlad or
KU Framework, directs the process of helping 4Ps HHs to a state of enhanced well-
being. In roughly seven years, the 4Ps beneficiaries will receive cash grants, in line
with current program implementation. This involves accomplishing the program’s
primary goal in full as well as improving and elevating the beneficiaries’ existing
social status to a level of improvement and genuine success. There are ten social case
management components in all, ranging from exit and graduation to registration. The
improvement is characterized by a rise or graduation from one state of well-being to
another, from the state of surviving and making ends meet to the state of self-
sufficiency, and ultimately from poverty as the means of exit.
Additionally, by making investments in the education and health of children in
low-income households aged 0 to 18, the lead seeks to eliminate poverty. Through the
support and oversight of the healthcare practitioners, the initiative offers free access to
the barangay’s medical facilities. By encouraging every family beneficiary with
children aged 0 to 5 to receive preventative health care, this would enhance the health
and nutrition of mothers and young children. It is predicted that the children will
increase the number of visits to health centers for pregnant women and young
children, ensure that children under five years old receive regular nutrition and growth
monitoring, encourage complete immunization of infants and children under three
years old, increase child growth and reduce stunting among children under five years
old, and reduce the number of pregnancy-related complications and maternal deaths.
As one of the means, enhancing each child beneficiary of the program’s health as well
as their education will help their family’s status in society. The program’s objectives
include increasing the number of children enrolled in and attending child development
centers (CDCs), pre-schools, elementary schools, and secondary schools; lowering the
prevalence of child labor; and raising the average food expenditure rate of low-
income households, which indicates that the beneficiaries have an adequate supply of
food. Additionally, sending these children to school and keeping them under close
supervision will ensure that they have a better future waiting for them, which will act
as a lucky charm to elevate them above their current social status.
To add, the researchers thought that the 4Ps had a real effect on living
conditions of the nation’s household beneficiaries. These beneficiaries don’t have
equal possibilities because of the economic and social system in which they live. By
making education more accessible to them and offering them much-needed health
services, the 4Ps give them the equality they deserve. It was based on the idea that
children who are well and have received an education may contribute positively to
both their families and the nation as a whole (Genaro Basas, 2021).
Moreover, the program assists low-income households and students with their
financial difficulties. The program made a significant contribution to students’
awareness and academic performance. Students will be able to purchase school
supplies and pay their school contribution through this service. The second is
accomplished by making conditions better in return for the recipients receiving
financial assistance from the program (Cuesra, et. Al. 2014).
The World Bank claims that the PMT targeting technology has resulted In
successful targeting results. Approximately 90% of those who benefit from the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program are from the bottom 40% of the population.
This result has been attained by combining a thorough and standard household
evaluation, which includes validating houses in need with nearby communities, with
geographical targeting based on poverty maps. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program has already had a good effect on beneficiary households for over three years
since it was introduced. The conditionalities have improved the children’s health and
education, while the monetary grants assist those in poverty earn more money every
household. Anecdotal data indicates that there has been an increase in the net
education enrollment rates of children in recipient homes, as well as in the number of
children receiving vaccinations from health centers and having their worms removed
at school. Furthermore, field reports show that the development sessions and seminars
benefit the recipient households in their areas. In addition, it is mandatory for the
parent-beneficiaries to participate in mother’s class and family development sessions.
These are intended to improve their knowledge and abilities regarding fundamental
family values and parental duties, as well as to motivate them to engage in community
activities (Mangahas et al., 2018).
In order to meet the needs of their families, the FDS aims to empower those
who benefit from the program to become more productive as well as accountable;
improve the knowledge and skills of household beneficiaries; strengthen marriages
and parental roles and responsibilities, with a focus on children’s health, nutrition, and
education; and encourage social awareness and involvement in community
development initiatives (International Labor Organization [ILO], 2016). In doing the
seminars and Family Development Sessions (FDS), the program’s head beneficiary or
grantees will not only assist each household’s overall well-being, but they will also
gain relevant learning experiences that will improve their general knowledge, skills,
and understanding. This is going to help them maintain on path for a better future for
their family and themselves. This will genuinely prepare parents with the knowledge
they will acquire and use to any obstacles they may face, whether they be financial or
family-related, by being practical in every aspect and exercising critical thinking.
According to respondent #1, “4Ps also acts as an intermediary wherein they
offer job fairs and act as the center person,” there are also opportunities for
employment through Family Development Sessions. They provide trainings to
mothers and young people who are not enrolled in school. Some of the lessons they
provide include baking, cooking, catering, sewing, family planning, teen pregnancy,
child labor, and other livelihood seminars. Because of the 4Ps, some individuals who
have completed their training have already received employment offers; some of them
are even employed abroad. Sewing, cooking, catering, baking, and cooking classes are
a few of the livelihood and skill-building initiatives offered by the programs. Further,
4Ps organizes job fairs where individuals who attended seminars can find
employment and support their families financially. For certain beneficiaries who wish
to launch their own businesses, 4Ps also provides interest-free capital loans (Sasis,
Pelenio, Dalde, 2019).
It Is clear that the 4Ps substantially improve families in meeting their
children’s needs, particularly in the area of education. With the aid of the 4Ps subsidy,
students who are beneficiaries of the program currently reside in extreme poverty are
now able to complete their coursework, including assignments, projects, and
extracurricular activities. All things considered, the beneficiaries in Barangay 211,
Zone 19, Lico Street, Tondo, Manila, are quite happy with the benefits they are
getting because, in their own expressions the program Is really helpful in helping
deprived households, particularly with their children’s education.
Additionally, as a conditional cash transfer (CCT) program, the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program provides cash to beneficiary households only if they
agree to and are able to complete the program’s requirements. The World Bank is the
source of this data. Complying with the health and education standards of the
program, for example, can enhance its ability to reduce poverty. The households of
the beneficiaries must take specific actions to enhance the health and education of
their children in order to be eligible for the funds. These include dropping the kids off
at school, visiting the healthcare provider on a regular basis, and providing preventive
exams for expectant mothers. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program, like the
majority of CCT initiatives, seeks to end the intergenerational cycle of poverty by
enhancing human capital and providing additional funding to meet basic
requirements. This suggests that the program is enhancing the household
beneficiaries’ overall well-being and prospects for a better future, as well as their
physical wellness and education in particular. In general, the Pantawid Pamilyang
Pilipino Program improves the social status of those who receive it by giving them
financial support and motivating them to give their children’s health and education the
highest priority.
Moreover, the CCT program helped improve children’s nutritional health and
strengthened the users’ use of healthcare services (Millán et al., 2018). In simplest
terms, this helped the recipient families with parenting and caring for their young
children, which enhances the health, intellectual, and sociobehavioral development of
the kids. According to Cruz et al. (2017), the conditional cash transfer helps the
family recipients’ health and ultimately lifts them out of extreme poverty. Since
everyone has the right to life and the right to live with dignity, the CCT program helps
its beneficiaries enhance their quality of life (Manguiat, 2021).The program
effectively reinforced in the participants the belief that education is the greatest
intellectual asset in a person’s life (Seger, 2021). The school-age beneficiaries of the
program were forced to make their education a priority. With the help of the CCT
program, young people might impact their lives. Education has the potential to change
lives (Mingoa and Abocejo, 2021). The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
improves the lives of those it serves and helps to lessen poverty.
Further, the core of the Philippine government’s policy for reducing poverty
and providing social safety is the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. The CCT
program has been implemented in a number of nations as an innovative approach for
giving those who need social assistance in recent years. Such programs are
implemented in several Latin American nations, and large-scale CCT initiatives are
also being carried out in Asian nations like Bangladesh and Indonesia. The
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in the Philippines launched
the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program as a pilot project in 2007 as part of the
agency’s social sector reform program.In a broader sense, the program is now
considered as a means of improving government collaboration in aiding those in
poverty and raising the impact of social protection programs. In order to address
deficient human development outcomes, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
works in collaboration with other line agencies’ supply-side interventions, such as the
Department of Education (DepEd) and Department of Health (DOH).
 It is apparent that the program is the CCT version that the Philippines
inherited from other developed nations worldwide. This makes it possible for the
nation to give low-income households the best chance possible to ensure the long-
term fulfillment of their dreams and the wellbeing of their families. Beneficiaries may
see an improvement in their quality of life in the years to come with the help of
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino’s commitment to bettering health and education
outcomes. Similar to the reports from other CCT programs in nations other than
Philippines where they achieved positive impact of their very own version of CCT
program, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program aims to address lacking outcomes
in education and health, especially among children, in addition to providing
immediate income support. Similar favorable benefits are expected from the Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program, considering their significant income-related inequality
in health and education indicators. This is possible provided that the program’s
implementation stays concentrated on making sure that beneficiaries follow the rules
and that the quality and amount of health and education services meet the needs of the
population, particularly that of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program beneficiaries,
who will be affected by this in terms of their eligibility for financial aid.
One of the objectives of the Philippine 4Ps, like most Conditional Cash
Transfer Programs being implemented in different countries, is to end up the cycle of
poverty as well as meet the demands of those most in need by giving cash grants to
household recipients in order to supplement what they have financially and meet their
needs.
Furthermore, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program can dramatically
reduce poverty in the targeted areas, according to preliminary estimates and Ex ante
simulation research. It is projected that 62% of people living in towns covered by the
first and second stages of program expansion are poor based on statistics from the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program. The program improves the socioeconomic
standing of those it serves by lowering rates of food insecurity, poverty, and income
inequality. In fact, the cash transfer to beneficiary households raises household
income in these areas by up to 2.6 percentage points. According to the findings,
household beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilya grant may experience a 13.3
percentage point decrease in food poverty. As a result, it can eliminate 5.5 percentage
points of food poverty overall in program regions. The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program appears to have significant potential effects on both the intensity of poverty
in the regions of focus and the income disparity of the poor. Specifically, studies
applying data from the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program estimates indicate that
the cash transfer might lessen poverty seriousness by roughly 4.3 percentage points
and the income disparity of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program users by 5.3
percentage points. Beneficiaries of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program have
seen an average rise in per capita income of 12%. These estimates are similar with the
findings of impact evaluations of analogous CCT programs in other nations, despite
being based on projected income estimates. Progresa communities in Mexico saw a
17 percent decrease in poverty, whereas the Familias in Acción program in Colombia
experienced a more than 6 percent decrease in poverty. According to the study’s
findings, the program has considerably raised household income and lessened the
degree of poverty in low-income households.
On the other hand, families in extreme poverty struggle to meet their
children’s and their family’s basic demands since they are not privileged to do so.
This put financial burden on the family, forcing them to sacrifice the children’s
schooling in favor of helping their parents make finances meet. Because of this,
children often quit school or, in the event that they do, miss a lot of school (Fernandez
and Abocejo, 2014). Additionally, a lot of kids from low-income households suffer
from malnutrition as a result of a shortage of food, which hinders their development
and health. In in the context of this, the government launched the cash transfer
program to assist and supply families living in extreme poverty with financial
subsidies. The main objectives are to lessen poverty, deal with the generational
transfer of poverty, and assist the families that are among the lowest of the poor. The
CCT helps its beneficiaries by providing financial aid to improve the health and
education of their children. Families in extreme poverty are given preference under
the program, and they can use the conditional cash transfer to help them with
everyday expenses, particularly basic requirements. No matter how beneficial the
training was, the CCT program participants continue to have errors and issues. The
beneficiaries lack financial understanding, and they typically spend the cash
assistance they get on purchasing needs for their homes. They used to purchase
alcohol instead of school supplies in order to satisfy their demands. The lifestyles of
the program participants have generally improved. Their kids are able to go to school
and take part in all of the extracurricular activities and classes. The program
participants are remarkably satisfied. The program participants must possess the
necessary literacy skills to manage the financial subsidies and not become entirely
dependent on these little amounts of money. In the long run, they need to be
accountable individuals who are passionate about improving their lives and achieving
the aims and objectives of the CCT program.
As a government intervention aimed at reducing poverty, the Conditional Cash
Transfer (CCT) Program is evaluated. Even with a modest financial contribution, the
CCT program’s beneficiaries are able to meet their basic necessities, and they
acknowledge and show gratitude for the program. Children of members of the
program can improve their standard of living and pursue their education without
hindrance through the aid provided by the program (Dulliyao, 2019). According to
Arriagada et al. (2018), these assist the receivers in leading productive lives and
making contributions to society. The CCT participants first saw how the program
improved their quality of life after receiving the financial grants. On the opposite side,
some 4Ps beneficiaries are still waiting to receive financial support from the program.
While others now can purchase the educational materials their kids require for school
(Pambid, 2017). They can also purchase the necessities for the near future. This is
presently an improvement over when they were not yet a part of the program, when
the children had to miss school to assist their parents with tasks like planting rice or
selling vegetables so they could meet their basic needs, which included food (Basas
III, 2021). A common problem that leads to children skipping school and eventually
dropping out of school is that they frequently arrive at school hungry (Mhiliwa,
2015). In terms of medical treatment, this is a major burden for parents who need to
get their children checked up and give them vitamins because a lot of them are
undernourished and develop harmful habits as a result of not having enough food to
consume. Additionally, it has been seen that the conditional cash transfer program
enhances the academic performance of the recipient children in terms of higher
academic success, reduced school dropout rates, and increased enrollment and
attendance percentages (Flores et al., 2019).
 As well, the outcome demonstrated how the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino
Program (4Ps) affected the household status of its participants, potentially improving
each individual’s status in society. The health area had the most influence, with an
average score of 3.69, which corresponds to verbally agreeing strongly, according to
the researchers’ survey. The program provides children with opportunity to attend and
engage in livelihood projects, consume a diet rich in nutrients, receive supplemental
feeding in schools, and receive health hygiene education, which is the reason a
majority of respondents strongly agreed (Sasis, Pelenio, Dalde, 2019).
The recipients claim that even in previous years, when the program was not
yet in place, they always ate a minimum of three times a day, bought nice clothes,
paid their monthly expenses, and had light at night. Based on the results of the study,
Vigilla, Hurtada, and Gordoncillo (2015) concluded that although the program does
not provide the maximum amount of help for them in their daily lives, family
beneficiaries primarily give cash advances for their education, health care, and
nourishment. Upon careful examination, the total results demonstrated that the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) achieved its main objective of improving
the lives of registered beneficiaries.
Along with that, the vast majority of the 4P’s beneficiaries in the province of
Marinduque own their homes and lots both before and after the livelihood programs
and initiatives are put into action. However, there are abrupt changes before as well as
after livelihoods projects and programs are implemented in relation to farm animals
such as the carabao, cattle, goats, pigs, and poultry (chickens, ducks, quail, and
turkeys). Farm animals can be quickly sold; for example, a pig can be sold within
three months after birth. This could cause the unexpected changes in population
between before and after. Improvements in the income of households, food security,
livestock and agricultural productivity, housing circumstances, and financial
capacities are therefore demonstrated by the impact evaluation results. Giving farmers
the technical know-how and entrepreneurial abilities to expand and grow their
enterprises, along with the local community’s involvement, is a beneficial technique
(GRADE, 2016).
However, in terms of educational opportunities, 1,768 students recently
completed their college education through the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program
(4Ps), funded by the Expanded Students Grants-In-Aid Program for Poverty
Alleviation (ESGP-PA). Participants in the program are expected to enroll in courses
that align with the human demands outlined in the National Development Plans
(Guardo, 2018). Similarly, this initiative assisted the students in completing their
schoolwork, and numerous individuals received their degrees as a result. The majority
of them were given leadership awards and Latin honors. Consequently, a large
number of students graduated from the program (Bloom, 2016).
According to research published in the International Journal of Social Science
Research and Review (2022), the CCT program has significantly improved the
standard of living and quality of life for its recipients. The children’s accessibility to
health care and education was mostly made easier by the financial grants. However,
beneficiary families frequently use the subsidies for family consumption instead of
paying for their school-age children’s medical and educational needs, which suggests
poor management among program participants. The beneficiaries certainly believe
that the program has improved their lives generally and that it has succeeded in
accomplishing its objectives.
 CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design
This study will utilize a quantitative research design, and under this design, the
particular type of approach that will be used is descriptive research, for it will
discover the impact of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on the social status
of every beneficiary.

Research respondents
This research will be conducted in Barangay Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur, Leyte.
The respondents to this study will be 70 4Ps members. In order to identify and gather
the participants. Random sampling will be utilized following this set of criteria: (1)
member for three to five years or less and already receiving cash assistance from the
program; (2) must be a bonifide resident of Barangay Tin-Awan Mac-Arthur, Leyte.

Research instrument
 The study will make use of guided interview questions and in-depth
interviews. When a participant’s responses in the interview are not clear, the
researcher will only use follow-up questions.

Research Environment
Tin-awan is a Barangay in the Municipality of Mac-Arthur, in the province of
Leyte. There are 4Ps beneficiaries in the said Barangay, which was the reason it was
chosen.
 Figure 2.1 Location Map of the Research Environment
Map of Tin-awan Mac-Arthur, Leyte

Research Procedures
In order to collect data, the researcher created guided interview questionnaires.
The first section asked about the respondents personal information, including their
name (optional), marital status, occupation, and family size. The impact of the
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program on the social status of every beneficiary was
covered in the second portion of the interview.
The Information gathered will be analyzed in a descriptive study. The
researchers will assess the collected data and determine the participants’ perspectives
based on their experiences. The process of information analysis and data
interpretation falls under the responsibility of the researchers.

CHAPTER IV
CHAPTER V
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 APPENDIX A
CONSENT LETTER
LETTER OF PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

October 24, 2023

GERLADIN A. COLARTE
Brgy. Captain
Brgy. Tin-awan, Mac-Arthur, Leyte

Dear Ma’am,
Greetings of peace!
The undersigned will be conducting a research on “The Impact of Pantawid
Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps to the Social Status of every household
beneficiary” in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Practical Research 2.
In connection with this may we have the honor to ask permission from your
good office to administer our study among involve 4Ps grantees in your barangay.
Your favorable response will be highly most appreciated God bless and Thank
you.

Approved by :
GERALDIN A. COLARTE
Brgy. Captain

Respectfully yours,
DARREL L. CABUYOC

Noted by:

RETCHIE R. DELORIA
Adviser
 APPENDIX A
CONSENT LETTER
LETTER TO THE PARTICIPANT

June 5, 2023
PARTICIPANTS
Brgy. Tin-awan Mac-Arthur Leyte

Dear Participants,
Greetings!

We, the undersigned, humbly request your participation in our study, “The
Impact of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4Ps to the Social Status of
every household beneficiary.” In order to partially fulfill the requirements for
Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research).
We are hoping that you can assist us by honestly and completely responding to
the questions. You may be sure that we will keep all of your responses private.
We sincerely appreciate your cooperation.

Respectfully yours,
DARREL L. CABUYOC

Noted by:

RITCHIE R. DELORIA
Adviser
 APPENDIX B
INTERVIEW

Research Interview Form for the 4Ps beneficiary

RESEARCH INTERVIEW QUESTIONS

Question for the 4Ps beneficiary
Please answer the questions thruthfully and freely. Your response will be kept
confidential. You may withdraw from the study at any time for any reasons. However,
once data is complied for analysis. The responses cannot be removed from the data.
(Optional) Name: Marital status:
Occupation: Family size:
Questions:
Q1. How many year’s are you a 4Ps beneficiary?
( Pera kana ka tuig na benipesyaryo hit 4Ps?)
a. More than 3 years and above (Sobra pa ha tulo ka tuig ti-
paigbaw)
b. Less than 3 years (Ubos ha tulo ka tuig)
Q2. Did your family still experience a lack of food and other basic
needs?
( Nakaka eksperensya la ba gihapon hin pagkuri ha pagkaon ngan
Iba pa na mga pan-adlaw-adlaw na kinahanglanun an iyu
pamilya?)
Q3. Do you think that the 4Ps program helps you a lot in terms of daily
accessibility to food?
( Para haimo, nakabulig ba an 4Ps na programa para ha pan-adlaw-
adlaw na pagkaon han iyu pamilya?)
Q4. Do you think there have been changes in the social status of your family
since you became a member of the program? What are the changes?
( Para haimo, may pinagbag-o ba han kahimtang han iyu pamilya
tikang kamo na 4Ps? Ano an mga pagbag-o?)
Q5. Is your family able to access clean water?
( Mayda ba kamo nakukuhaan hin malimpyo na tubig?)
 Q6. Can you say that your family’s social status has improved because of the
program?
( Makakayakan kaba na naging maupay an kabutang han iyu pamilya
tungod han programa?)

APPENDIX C
DOCUMENTATION
 APPENDIX D
BUDGETARY REQUIREMENT

Item Explanation Cost

Print Used for hard copy 762.00 pesos

Transportation Fee Fare that was spent 155.00 pesos

for transportation

Load Used for browsing 238.00 pesos

Total 1, 155.00 pesos

 PERSONAL PROFILE

Name: Darrel L. Cabuyoc

Address: Brgy. Tin- awan Mac- Arthur, Leyte
Mobile: 09505505261
Email address: darrelcabuyoc20@gmail.com

PERSONAL INFORMATION
Date of birth : July 15, 2006
Place of birth : Brgy. Tin- awan Mac- Arthur,
Leyte
Gender : Female
Social Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino