KVM PUBLIC SCHOOL, HALDWANI

SUBJECT: SOCIAL SCIENCE ASSIGNMENT

Class: - X

Student’s Name:____________________________________
Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow:
HISTORY: NATIONALISM IN INDIA
I. In the countryside, rich peasant communities – like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh –
were active in the movement. Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade
depression and falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the
government’s revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to
widespread resentment. These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil
Disobedience Movement, 1rganizing their communities, and at times forcing reluctant members, to
participate in the boycott programmes. For them the fight for swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.
But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates
being revised. So when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate. The
poorer peasantry was not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. Many of them were small
tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords. As the Depression continued and cash incomes
dwindled, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord
to be remitted. They joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists.
Apprehensive of raising issues that might upset the rich peasants and landlords, the Congress was unwilling
to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places. So the relationship between the poor peasants and the
Congress remained uncertain.
1. With what motto Patidars and Jats joined the Civil Disobedience Movement?
2. What was the main demand of poor peasants?
3. Why the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress was remained uncertain?

HISTORY: THE RISE OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE

II. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.
Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy,
the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved. Most conservatives,
however, did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days. Rather, they realised, from the
changes initiated by Napoleon, that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the
monarchy. It could make state power more effective and strong. A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy,
a dynamic economy and the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic
monarchies of Europe. In 1815, representatives of the European powers – Britain, Russia, Prussia and
Austria – who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The
Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. The delegates drew up the Treaty of
Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the
Napoleonic wars. The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was
restored to power, and France lost the territories it had annexed under Napoleon. A series of states were set
up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.
1. How did conservative establish themselves?
2. What were the outcomes of the Treaty of Vienna?
3. In what ways conservatives were different from liberals?

GEOGRAPHY: RESOURCE AND DEVELOPMENT:

III. Resources are vital for any developmental activity. But irrational consumption and over-utilisation of
resources may lead to socioeconomic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource
conservation at various levels is important. This had been the main concern of the leaders and thinkers in
the past. For example, Gandhiji was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these
words: “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.” He placed the greedy and
selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at
the global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the
masses.

Page 1 of 2
 1. Why did Gandhiji state “There is enough for everybody’s need and not for any body’s greed.”?
2. Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to socioeconomic and
environmental problems. How far you agree with this statement?
3. Gandhiji was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses.
Why?

POLITICAL SCIENCE: POWER SHARING:

IV. The Belgian leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between
1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times so as to work out an arrangement that would
enable everyone to live together within the same country. The arrangement they worked out is different
from any other country and is very innovative. Here are some of the elements of the Belgian model:
Constitution prescribes that the number of Dutch and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the
central government. Some special laws require the support of the majority of members from each
linguistic group.
Many powers of the central government have been given to state governments of the two regions of the
country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central Government.
Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation. The French-
speaking people accepted equal representation in Brussels because the Dutch-speaking community has
accepted equal representation in the Central Government.
Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government. This ‘community
government’ is elected by people belonging to one language community – Dutch, French and German-
speaking – no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural, educational and
language-related issues.
1. Which countries dealt with the question of power-sharing differently?
2. Which of the following is not the element of “Belgian model”? Why?
a) Setting up of Community Government
b) More power to the central government
3. “Apart from the Central and the State Government, there is a third kind of government”. Explain its
need?

ECONOMICS: DEVELOPMENT
V. Besides seeking more income, one way or the other, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom,
security, and respect of others. They resent discrimination. All of these are important goals. In fact, in
some cases, these may be more important than more income or more consumption because material goods
are not all that you need to live. Money, or material things that one can buy with it, is one factor on which
our life depends. But the quality of our life also depends on non-material things. Consider an example: If
you get a job in a far-off place, before accepting it you would try to consider many factors, apart from
income, such as facilities for your family, working atmosphere, or opportunity to learn. In another case, a
job may give you less pay but may offer regular employment that enhances your sense of security.
Another job, however, may offer high pay but no job security and also leave no time for your family. This
will reduce your sense of security and freedom. Similarly, for development, people look at a mix of goals.
It is true that if women are engaged in paid work, their dignity in the household and society increases.
However, it is also the case that if there is respect for women there would be more sharing of housework
and a greater acceptance of women working outside. A safe and secure environment may allow more
women to take up a variety of jobs or run a business. Hence, the developmental goals that people have are
not only about better income but also about other important things in life.
1. Gaurav currently residing in Surat applied for a job in an educational learning hub located in Delhi.
He got elected in an interview. The company offered him a handsome salary. However, Gaurav is
confused. Apart from salary, what other goals he should keep in mind while taking up a new job?
2. “Women, who are engaged in paid jobs are an example of persons who fulfill a mix of goals. How far
you agree with this statement?
3. “Besides seeking more income, people also seek things like equal treatment, freedom, security and
respect of others”. What does the given statement signify?

Note: Do the given assignment in your Social Science Notebook.

Page 2 of 2