S (a Child) (Adoption Order or Special Guardianship Order) Re

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S (A Child) (Adoption Order or Special Guardianship Order), Re, 2007 WL 261157
(2007)
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S (A Child) (Adoption Order or Special Guardianship Order), Re
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Also known as: DO v LP
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Positive/Neutral Judicial Consideration
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Court
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Court of Appeal (Civil Division)
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\u160\'3f
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Judgment Date
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6 February 2007
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\u160\'3f
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Where Reported
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[2007] EWCA Civ 54
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[2007] 2 WLUK 129
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[2007] 1 F.L.R. 819
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[2007] 1 F.C.R. 271
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[2007] Fam. Law 390
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Times, February 9, 2007
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[2007] C.L.Y. 1799
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Judgment
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Subject
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Family law
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\u160\'3f
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Other related subjects
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Local government
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\u160\'3f
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Keywords
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Adoption; Children; Special guardians; Special guardianship orders
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\u160\'3f
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Judge
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Tuckey LJ
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Wall LJ
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Counsel
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For the appellant: Catherine Shelley.
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For the first respondent: Yvonne Healing.
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For the second respondent: Richard Humphrys.
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For the fourth respondent: No appearance or representation.
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Solicitor
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For the appellant: Salt Veeder.
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For the first respondent: Woodcock & Sons.
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For the second respondent: Howarths & Maitland.
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For the fourth respondent: Temperley Taylor.
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Case Digest
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Summary
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In the circumstances the judge had been entitled to conclude that a child\rquote s
welfare was better served by a special guardianship order than by an adoption
order. The Court of Appeal considered the underlying principles to be applied in
making one or other of those two orders and gave guidance on the proper approach in
such cases.
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Abstract
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The appellant (D) appealed against the decision to appoint her as a special
guardian for a six-year-old girl (S) rather than make the adoption order that she
had sought.
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\u160\'3f
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S\rquote s mother and father were not married. There were concerns about domestic
violence and non-accidental injury to S. Both parents became involved in the use of
drugs resulting in inappropriate care of S. When S was three she had been placed
with D as her foster mother on a voluntary basis. Care proceedings were commenced
and assessments concluded that neither parent was suitable to look after her. After
being placed unsuccessfully with a cousin of the father, S eventually moved back to
live with D. Later the local authority\rquote s care plan reverted to adoption
outside the family. D put herself forward to adopt S. The father and mother then
applied to discharge the care order and for contact. The judge decided that S
should live with D but that adoption was not the best or only way of securing S\
rquote s welfare through her childhood. The judge instead appointed D as a special
guardian of S and made an order under the
}
"https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/IB8E9EF70E44B11DA8D70A0E70A78ED65/View/
FullText.html?
Children Act 1989 s.91(4)
}}}
that leave was required for any application under the Act. Both the mother and the
father were to have contact.
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\u160\'3f
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D submitted that the judge had (1) ignored the guardian\rquote s evidence in favour
of adoption; (2) failed to address the criteria for consideration of S\rquote s
welfare as set out in the welfare checklist and had therefore come to the wrong
view about special guardianship being the most appropriate order; (3) failed to
consider appropriately the issue of whether the mother\rquote s consent to adoption
had been unreasonably withheld.
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Held
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Appeal dismissed.
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\u160\'3f
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(1) It was not a fair criticism of the judge that she had ignored the guardian\
rquote s evidence. The guardian had not made a clear recommendation. It was
therefore sufficient if, as she had done, the judge explained her reasons for
making the order she did in terms that made her reasoning clear. (2) The judge had
not in terms addressed the welfare checklist contained in
}
"https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/IB7ED8E10E44B11DA8D70A0E70A78ED65/View/
FullText.html?
s.1(3)
}}}
of the 1989 Act. It would have been better had she done so; however, it was clear
that she had grasped and addressed the important issues in the case, and in all the
circumstances her failure to do so by reference to the statutory checklists did not
vitiate her judgment.
}
As a matter of discipline, and as an aid to ensuring that the court had fully
addressed all the relevant issues, a reference to the checklist and an analysis of
the issues by reference to it were desirable. (3) The submission that the judge had
failed to address the question of the unreasonable withholding of agreement was
unsustainable for the simple reason that the test under the
}
"https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/I831DE150E44911DA8D70A0E70A78ED65/View/
FullText.html?
Adoption Act 1976 s.6
}}}
was twofold, and the question of dispensation with agreement only arose if the
court was satisfied that adoption would safeguard and promote the child\rquote s
welfare throughout her childhood. In the instant case, the judge was not so
satisfied and D fell at that hurdle. The judge had been entitled to take that
approach and to conclude that, on balance, S\rquote s welfare was better served by
a special guardianship order. The judge had thus been entitled not to address the
question of parental consent. (4) Under
}
"https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/IB80A64E1E44B11DA8D70A0E70A78ED65/View/
FullText.html?
s.14A(11)
}}}
of the 1989 Act the court did not have the power to make a special guardianship
order unless it had received a report dealing with the matters referred to in
s.14A(8). Accordingly the judge should have exercised her power under
}
FullText.html?
s.14A(9)
}}}
to ask the local authority to conduct an investigation and prepare a report.
Subject to the parties\rquote submissions, the court proposed to invite the local
authority to produce a report under
}
FullText.html?
s.14A(8)
}}}
and the judge to reconsider her order having read that report. (5) The court gave
guidance on (a) special guardianship orders within pre-existing family
relationships; (b) the need, under a special guardianship order, for leave for a
parent to apply for an order under
}
"https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/IB8002BB0E44B11DA8D70A0E70A78ED65/View/
FullText.html?
s.8
}}}
of the 1989 Act; (c) dispensing with parental consent to adoption; (d) in what
circumstances, if any, the court should impose a special guardianship order on
unwilling parties.
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