OCABU

UNIT Lesson
3 3E
Autonomous work

A. VOCABULARY

1. Guess the synonyms for each word in the list and place them in the crossword:

P I Y
C K

A
R

T R A N G E
S S
U F W

S H O U T E
M D

M L L

J L L
O L Y
B R U I S E D
N

G A B
R
U

Across Using the crossword list, write the synonyms of the following words:
1. difficult 1. Picky ………………
DIFFICULT
3. rare 2. Jolly ……………….
HAPPY
6. screamed BELLY
3. Tummy ……………
7. happy 4. Bruised ……………
INJURED
8. injured 5. Swelling …………..
PUFFINESS
9. take 6. Rub ………………..
SCRUB
Down 7. Grab ……………….
TAKE
2. cautious SCREAMED
8. Shouted ……………
4. belly 9. Careful …………….
CAUTIOUS
5. puffiness 10. Strange …………….
RARE
10. scrub

86
 B. READING
A. Read the following text. What is the main idea?

1. Leopard seals lifestyle

2. Paul Nicklen and his love for the Arctic and Antarctica
3. The importance of protecting the Artic

Paul Nicklen’s Polar Obsession

For most people, the Arctic and Antarctica are strange places that we know very little
about. Paul Nicklen’s collection of photographs and stories, Polar Obsession, offers an
excellent introduction.
Nicklen grew up on an island in Northern Canada, where he learned all about the outdoors
from his Inuit1 neighbors. Ever since that time, he has loved animals, cold weather, and
adventure.
As a photojournalist, Nicklen has spent a lot of time in icy polar waters. He has followed
sea lions, dived with whales, and studied polar bears. One of the most exciting parts of
the book covers Nicklen’s unforgettable encounter with a leopard seal in Antarctica.
As the photographs clearly show, leopard seals are very large—up to 12 feet (4 meters)
long and weighing over 1000 pounds (450 kilograms). They have huge, sharp teeth, and
they move quickly through the water, searching for food such as fish and penguins.
Leopard seals can be dangerous, but this didn’t stop Nicklen from trying to photograph
one. When a huge seal approached his boat, Nicklen got into the water. He was shaking
with fear, but much to his surprise, the seal treated him gently. She even tried to feed him!
The seal brought him penguins to eat, and he photographed her. Nicklen says it was the
most incredible experience that he has ever had as a photographer.
In Polar Obsession, Nicklen shows us the beauty of the polar world and his passion for it.
He also helps us to understand the importance of protecting it.
1 Inuit: indigenous people living in Arctic regions of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland

B. Write the phrase that completes each sentence:

a. leopard seals can be dangerous b. a leopard seal

c. its food d. the outdoors

e. icy polar waters

the outdoors.
1. Nicklen’s neighbors taught him all about ………………………………..…..
icy polar waters.
2. Nicklen has spent a lot of time working in …………………………………...
a leopard seal
3. Nicklen’s most incredible experience was with ……………………………...
4. He was frightened because …………………………………………………....
leopard seals can be dangerous.
5. The leopard seal offered Nicklen ……………………………………………..
its food.

87
 C. GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS /
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS

A. Complete the sentences with the Present Perfect Simple or Present Perfect
continuous. Use the verbs in the brackets:

Have they arrived

1. ……………………………. (they/arrive) already?
has run
2. Lucy ……………………………. (run) 2000 meters today.
have been cleaning (clean) all morning - I'm fed up!
3. I …………………………….
have you known
4. How long ……………………………. (you/know) Simon?
have been drinking
5. I ……………………………. (drink) more water recently, and I feel better.
have been baking.
6. Sorry about the mess! I ……………………………. (bake).
have you taken
7. How many times ……………………………. (you/take) this exam?
8. He …………………………….
has eaten (eat) six bars of chocolate today.
9. Julie …………………………….
has cooked (cook) dinner. Let's go and eat!
10. The students …………………………….
have finished (finish) their exams. They're very
happy.
has he eaten
11. The baby's face is really dirty. What ……………………………. (he/eat)?
has been working
12. Iona is exhausted these days. She ……………………………. (work) too hard
recently.
13. Luke …………………………….
has never been (never/be) abroad.
14. I …………………………….
have been waiting (wait) three hours already!
Have you finished
15. ……………………………. (you/finish) your homework yet?
16. How long …………………………….
long have you been (you/be) a lawyer?
have been reading (read) your book all day. It's very interesting, but
17. I …………………………….
I'm only reading chapter 2.
18. She …………………………….
has drunk (drink) ten glasses of water!
have had
19. I ……………………………. (have) my dog for sixteen years.
20. Help, I …………………………….
have lost (lose) my wallet. How can I get home?

88
B. Complete the sentences with the Past Perfect Simple or Past Perfect continuous:

had married
1. He………………..(marry) her two years before we met.
had bought
2. James told me you………………..(buy) the old vicarage two years before your
son’s birth.
3. I wish we………………..(buy)
had bought had bought it before.
had already left
4. When I arrived at the station, the train………………..(leave).
had been playing tennis for 4 hours when he broke his leg.
5. He………………..(play)
had finished
6. The dog came into the house once she………………..(finish) the housework.
had been driving his car for 10 minutes when he realized it had a flat
7. He………………..(drive)
tire.
had thrown
8. She………………..(throw) the letter away when she noticed it was not
important.
9. He………………..(swim)
had been swimming for 15 minutes when he understood he had lost his
swimsuit
had been raining for one hour when the wind started to blow.
10. It………………..(rain)
11. He rushed to the baker’s when he saw his wife………………..(forget)
had forgotten to buy
some bread.
had been washing the dishes for more than three
12. Sarah was exhausted. She………………..(wash)
hours.
13. When he saw her, he knew he………………..(meet)
knew he had met her before.
had already gone out.
14. When he phoned her, she………………..(go)
had already begun
15. When Ron arrived, the party………………..(already/begin).
16. The children………………..(already/go)
had already gone to bed when their mother came from
work.
17. If I………………..(not/be)
had not been absent yesterday, I would have met him
had been working
18. I was very tired when I arrived home. I………………..(work) hard all day.
19. When I arrived at the party, Tom wasn’t there. He………………..(go)
had gone home
20. When we got home last night, we found that somebody………………..(break)
had broken
into the flat.

89
 D. LISTENING
A. Watch the video and choose the correct answer:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R-VRAemIvbI&t=3s
1. For the Celts, 31st October was...
a. he last day of the year.
b. a day to be with their families.
c. the day they celebrated their
music festival.
2. That day, the villagers lit big
bonfires...
a. to communicate with the spirits
from the spirit world.
b. to attract ghosts.
c. to send the ghosts back to their
world.
3. All Saints Day...
a. appeared after the Catholic
Church had eliminated Samhain
(the Celtic celebration).
b. was used to transform Samhain
into a catholic celebration.
c. was used to eliminate the belief
in reincarnation.
4. When the Irish arrived in America,
they...
a. introduced Halloween there for
the first time.
b. changed the way Halloween was
celebrated.
c. invented some new traditions,
such as bobbing the apple or
playing tricks.
5. The children wore masks...
a. to scare people.
b. to pretend they were ghosts.
c. to hide their identity.
6. The neighbors gave candy to the
youngsters...
a. so that they didn't vandalize their
houses.
b. in exchange for help with the
cleaning.
c. because they were poor
90