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10
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Main Book + Free Map Work Book + Exercise Book ` 365/-

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Author:
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Mr. D. Koilmani, M.A., M.Ed.,

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Former Asst. Head Master,
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St. John's Hr. Sec. School, Palayamkottai.
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PREFACE wwww w

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.N Dear Students,
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Best wishes
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The new syllabus for 10 Social Science is quite difficult. It is prepared in

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such a way that it stimulates the thought of the students.

This book has been well prepared as per the New syllabus and Text

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book to grow your self-confidence and to prepare yourselves for the forth

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coming competitive exams and NEET Exams.

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With this thought in mind this EC Loyola Guide is specially designed
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for coaching students of different levels.

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(Slow learners, average and toppers)
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➢ Additional one mark questions are given to test your knowledge.

➢ Two and five mark questions are simplified and prepared according to the
Government Key Pattern.
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Mind Map and Map Exercises are given.
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➢
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We sincerely believe that this guide satisfies the needs of the students.
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Note: We are happy to inform you that if the students of 10, 11 and 12 Standards
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buy and study this EC Loyola Guide they are sure to score high marks and
attain great achievement and success in their life

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(iii)

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.N CONTENTS l a
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assaa UNITS
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TITLE Page No. aa
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P P
. . Question Paper - Aug 2022
Govt. Question Paper
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- April 2023
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Govt. Supplementary
HISTORY
1. Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath 9
2. The World between two World Wars 18
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The World after World War II
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Social and Religious Reform Movements in the 19th Century
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Early Revolts against British Rule in Tamil Nadu
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Anti-Colonial Movements and the Birth of Nationalism 62

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8. Nationalism: Gandhian Phase 72
9. Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu 84
10. Social Transformation in Tamil Nadu 92

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GEOGRAPHY
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India - Location, Relief and Drainage
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2. Climate and Natural Vegetation of India 111
3.
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India - Agriculture 120
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India - Resources and Industries 132a
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India - Population, Transport, Communication and Trade
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6. Physical Geography of Tamil Nadu

7. Human Geography of Tamil Nadu 165
CIVICS
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State Government
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India's Foreign Policy 201a
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India's International Relations
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1. Gross Domestic Product and its Growth: an Introduction 216

2. Globalization and Trade 224
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Food Security and Nutritiont t 230

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Government and Taxes
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Industrial Clusters in Tamil Nadu
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Govt. Question Paper - September 2021
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253

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Govt. Question Paper - May 2022
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(iv)

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 wwww wwww
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GOVT. QUESTION PAPER - April 2023 EC 10th Social Science

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Time Allowed: 3.00 Hrs
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SOCIAL SCIENCE.N l a
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Note : This question paper contains four parts.
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(ii) C hoose the most appropriate answer from the given four alternatives and write the option code and the
corresponding answer.

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1. Which part of the world disliked Dollar Imperialism?
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(b) Latin America
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2. When was People’s Political Consultative Conference held in China?
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(c) India
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3. Who was the first Palayakkarars to resist the East India Company’s Policy of territorial aggrandizement ?
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(a) Marudhu brothers
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4. In which session of Indian National Congress was Non co-operation Movement approved ?

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(a) Bombay (b) Madras (c) Calcutta (d) Nagpur
5. Who initiated the formation of League of Nations ?
(a) Roosevelt (b) chamberlain (c) Woodrow Wilson (d| Baldwin

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6. The Anthracite coal has ___________ of carbon.

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(a) 80 to 90%
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(b) Above 70%
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7. The highest peak in Tamil Nadu is

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(a) Anaimudi (b) Doddabetta (c) Mahendragiri (d) Servarayan

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(a) 3 and 15
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(a) Bhabar (b) Tarai (c) Bhangar (d) Khadar
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10. Bajra is an indigenous crop of _______

(a) Asia (b) India (c) Africa (d) Russia
11. Under which Article the President is vested with the power to proclaim Financial Emergency ?
(a) Article 352 (b) Article 360 (c) Article 356 (d) Article 365
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12. Arrange the following in the correct chronological order and choose the correct answer from the code given below.

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(ii) China’s Nuclear test
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(iii) Twenty year Treaty

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(iv) First Nuclear test of India
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(a) (i), (iii), (iv), (ii)
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(b) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
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13. revolution was born in India paving way for self-sufficiency in food grains production.
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(a) Blue Revolution (b) white Revolution (c) Green Revolution (d) Grey Revolution
14. Wlnch one of the following is not having leather factories?
(a) Ranipet (b) Dharmapuri (c) Ambur (d) Vaniyambadi

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Note : Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory.10×2=20
15. How did Hitler get the support from the people of Germany? [HIS-3]
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16. What was the result of Musolini march to Rome? [HIS-2]

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17. Write a note on reforms of Ramalinga Adigal. [HIS-5]
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18. Summarise the essence of Lucknow Pact. [HIS-7]
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19. What do you know of Trench Warfare? [HIS-1]
20. Define : Disaster Risk Reduction. [GEO-6]

5 GOVT. EXAM

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 wwww wwww
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Govt. Supplementary Question Paper - August 2022

EC 10 Social Science
th

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Time Allowed: 3.00 Hrs
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.N SOCIAL SCIENCE
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.N Maximum Marks: 100

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(2)
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Use Blue or Black ink to write and underline and pencil to draw diagrams
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Note: This question paper contains four Parts.
PART - I
Note: (i) Answer all the questions.  14 x 1 = 14
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(ii) C
1.
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(a) Roosevelt
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Who initiated the formation of League of Nations?
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(b) Chamberlin (c) Woodrow Wilson (d) Baldwin

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2.
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Who issued the Tiruchirappalli Proclamation of Independence?
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(a) Marudhu Brothers (b) Puli Thevar
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(c) Veerapandya Kattabomman

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(d) Gopala Nayak
3.
(a) Kol Revolt
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What was the context in which the Chota Nagpur Tenancy Act was passed?

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4. _______ established a full fledged printing press in 1709 at Tranquebar.
(a) Caldwell (b) F.W. Ellis (c) Ziegen balg (d) Meenakshi Sundaram
5. Locarno Treaty was signed in the year ________.

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(a) 1927 (b) 1925 (c) 1825 (d) 1952
6.
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Pulicat Lake is located between the states of __________.

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(a) West Bengal and Odisha
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(b) Karnataka and Kerala

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(c) Odisha and Andhra Pradesh (d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh
7.
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8.
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9. Which of the following passes is not located in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu ?
(a) Palghat (b) Shencottah (c) Bhorghat (d) Achankoil
10. The scientific study of different aspects of population is called __________

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(a) Cartography
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(b) Demography (c) Anthropology (d) Epigraphy

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11.

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Which of the following sequences is right regarding the preamble?
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(a) Republic, Democratic, Secular, Socialist, Sovereign
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(b) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Republic, Democratic

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(c) Sovereign, Republic, Secular, Socialist, Democratic
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(d) Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic
12.

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(a) The Chief Minister (b) The Governor (c) The Speaker (d) The Prime Minister
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13. _________ is the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth.
(a) Health (b) Nutrition (c) Sanitation (d) Security
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14. Primary sector consists of _________

(a) Agriculture (b) Automobiles (c) Trade (d) Banking
PART - II

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Note: Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. 10x2=20

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15. How are the peasant uprisings in British India classified? [HIS-7]
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16. Name the countries in the Triple Entente. [HIS-1]

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17. What is the Poorna Swaraj? [HIS-8]
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18. What were the duties of the Palayakkarars? [HIS-6]
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20. Give the importance of IST. [GEO-1]
21. Define Agriculture. [GEO-3]

7 GOVT. EXAM

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EC 10th Social Science

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22.
23.
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Name the tributaries of river Thamirabarani. [GEO-6]
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Name the important multipurpose projects of Tamil Nadu. [GEO-7]
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24. What are the classical languages in India? [CIV-1]
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What are the basic three components of food and nutrition security? [ECO-3]
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Write short note on Goods and Service Tax. [ECO-4]
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What is meant by an industrial cluster? [ECO-5]
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List any four guiding principles of Panchasheel. [CIV-4]
PART - III
Note: Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. 10x5=50
29. Fill in the blanks :
(i)
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Kattabomman was hanged to death at __________ [HIS-6]
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(ii) _________ established Congress Radio underground during the 'Quit India Movement'. [HIS-8]
(iii) The plateau which lies between the Nilgiris and Dharmapuri district is _________. [GEO-6]

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(v) Secondary sector is otherwise called as __________ . [ECO-1]
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31. Analyze the effects of the World War II. [HIS-3]
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30. Account for the outbreak of Vellore Revolt in 1806. [HIS-6]

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32. Critically examine the 'Civil Disobedience Movement' as the typical example of Gandhian Movement. [HIS-8]
33. What is urbanization? Explain its problem. [GEO-5]
34. Explain the divisions of Himalayas and its importance to India. [GEO-1]

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35. Distinguish between :

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(a) (i) Marine fishing and Inland fishing [GEO-7]
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(ii) Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats [GEO-1]
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Agriculture is the backbone of India. [GEO-3]
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36. Explain the salient features of the Constitution of India. [CIV-1]
37. Explain any two basic concepts followed by India to maintain friendly relations with its neighbours. [CIV-4]
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38. Discuss the core determinants of India's Foreign Policy. [CIV-4]

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39. What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? Explain them. [ECO-1]
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40. Elaborate the Public Distribution System. [ECO-3]

Note : Blind candidates have to write only notes for the questions related to Timeline chart and map.
41. Draw a Timeline for the following:
Write any five important events between 1930-1950. [HIS-8]
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42. Mark the following places on the map of India. t
l a
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(ii) Dandi
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(iii) Meerut

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(iv) Chauri Chaura (v) Calcutta
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PART - IV s
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Note: Answer the following questions.
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43. (a) Highlight the tragic fall of Sivagangai and its outcome. [HIS-6]

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(b) How did the people of Bengal respond to the Partition of Bengal (1905)? [HIS-7]
44. (a) Mark the following places on the given outline map of India.
(i) Mt. Everest (ii) Gulf of Kumbhat
(iii) Thar desert (iv) Direction of North east monsoon wind

eet t(v) Tea growing region (any one)
eet t (vi) Coal producing region (any one)

l a
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.N (vii) Cochin
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(viii) Malabar coast

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OR

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(b) Mark the following places on the given outline map of Tamil Nadu.
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(i) Kanyakumari
(iii) Vaigai dam
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(ii) Coffee growing region (any one)
(iv) One region of automobile industry
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(v) Servarayan hills (vi) Ennore port
(vii) Mangrove forest (viii) Thanjavur
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GOVT. EXAM 8

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HISTORY
UNIT Outbreak ofeeWorld War I
EC 10th Social Science

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I. Choose the correct answer
1. What were the three major empires shattered by the end of First World War?
a) Germany, Austria Hungary and the Ottomans b) Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia

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c) Spain, Portugal and Italy
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Ans: a) Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottomans

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2. Which country emerged as the strongest in East Asia towards the close of nineteenth century?
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a) China

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b) Japan c) Korea

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a d) Mongolia Ans: b) Japan
3.
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Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism"? PTA - 6 May 2022

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a) Lenin b) Marx c) Sun Yat-sen d) Mao Tse Tung Ans: a) Lenin
4. What is the battle of Marne remembered for?
a) air warfare b) trench warfare

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c) submarine warfare d) ship warfare Ans: b) trench warfare

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5.
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d) USA .N
To which country did the first Secretary General of League of Nations belong?
al a i i Ans: a) Britain

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Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?
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Sep - 2021
a) Germany
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b) Russia
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c) Italy d) France Ans: b) Russia
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II. Fill in the blanks Answers
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1. Japan forced a war on China in the year ___________ 1894

2. The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of ____________ signed in London
May 1913. May 2022
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Japan entered into an alliance with England in the year ________ 1902

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In the Balkans ___________ had mixed population.
l a
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5.
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In the battle of Tannenberg ___________ suffered heavy losses. April - 2023 Russia
6.
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___________ as Prime Minister represented France in Paris Peace Conference.
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7.
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Locarno Treaty was signed in the year ___________.
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III. Choose the correct statement

1. i) The Turkish Empire contained many non-Turkish people in the Balkans
ii) Turkey fought on the side of the central powers.
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iii) Turkey’s attempt to attack Suez Canal but were repulsed.

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b) i) and iii) are correct
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c) ii) and iii) are correct
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d) i), ii) and iii) are correct
2.
Reason (R) :T ..Paa P
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Assertion (A) : The first European attempts to carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody battles.
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 here was stiff resistance from the native population.
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a) Both A and R are correct
c) Both A and R are wrong wwww
b) A is right but R is not the correct reason
d) R is right but A is wrong Ans: a) Both A and R are correct

9 HISTORY

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EC 10th Social Science

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IV. Match the Following
i l a
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I II Answers
a
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1. Treaty of Brest - Litovsk a s a Versailles a
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c Russia with Germany
2. Jingoism
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3. Kemal Pasha c Russia with Germany b Turkey
4. Emden d England e Madras
5. Hall of Mirrors e Madras a Versailles

V. Answer Briefly
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1. How do you assess the importance of Sino-Japanese War?

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In 1894, Japan forced a war on China. .N l a
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In the 1894-95 Sino-Japanese war little Japan defeated China and surprised the world.
 
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Though Russia, Germany and France warned Japan, Japan annexed the Liaotung peninsula with Port Arthur.
 
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By this action Japan proved that it was the strongest nation in the East Asia.
 
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2. Name the countries in the Triple Entente. w
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 Britain  France
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Russia
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3. What were the three militant forms of nationalism in Europe? PTA - 1, HY - 2019

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Jingoism (England)
    Chauvinism (France)   Kultur (Germany)

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4. What do you know of trench warfare?
eet t PTA - 3, Sep - 2021 April - 2023

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Trenches or ditches dug by troops enabled soldiers to safely stand and protect themselves from enemy fire.
 
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 The main lines of trenches were connected to each other and to the rear by a series of linking trenches

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through which food, ammunition, fresh troops, mail and orders were delivered.
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5. What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?
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Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a remarkable role for Turkey’s rebirth as a nation.
 

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Kemal Pasha modernised Turkey and changed it out of all recognition.
 
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6. List out any two causes for the failure of the League of Nations. PTA - 5
  The League appeared to be an organisation of those who were victorious in the First World war.
 Since it lacked the military power of its own, it could not enforce its decisions.

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The founders of this peace organization underestimated the power of nationalism. The principles of

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“Collective Security” could not be applied in actual practice.
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VI. Answer the following in detail l a
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1. Discuss the main causes of the First World War. a
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European Alliances:
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 
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Europe was divided into two armed camps namely the Central powers and Allies.

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 Germany, Italy and Austria - Hungary were Central powers. They formed the Triple Alliance in 1882.
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 England, France and Russia were the Allies and they formed the Triple Entente. There was enmity
between these two blocs.
Violent forms of Nationalism:

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 With the growth of nationalism, the attitude of “my country right or wrong, I support it” developed.
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 

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 They contributed much to the outbreak of war.
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England’s Jingoism, France’s Chauvinism and Germany’s Kultur were militant forms of nationalism.
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Aggressive attitude of German Emperor:
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Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany proclaimed that Germany would be the leader of the world.
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The German navy was expanded.
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 Therefore Britain embarked on a naval race. ww P
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 It led to tension between the two power blocs.
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HISTORY 10

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EC 10th Social Science

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Hostility of France towards Germany:
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France and Germany were old rivals. Bitter memories of the defeat of 1871 and loss of Alsace and

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Lorraine to Germany rankled in the minds of the French.
  a
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Germany's interference in the Morocco affair added to the bitterness.
Balkan wars:
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Taking advantage of the political and economic instability of the Turkish empire the Balkan countries tried to

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secede from the Turkish control.
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The Balkan League was formed, The League attacked the Turkish force. The first Balkan war ended
with the Treaty of London.
 The new state of Albania was created.
 The Second Balkan war was also fought. It ended with the Treaty of Bucharest.
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Immediate cause: eet t
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 
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Franz Ferdinand, heir to emperor of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by Princip, a Bosnian Serb in Bosnia

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 Austria saw in this an opportunity to eliminate Serbia as an independent state.
aass as
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 Germany thought that it should strike first. It declared war on Russia on 1, August.
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Thus started the First World War.
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2. Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany PTA - 2

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 Germany was found guilty of starting the war and therefore was to pay reparations for the losses suffered.
 All Central powers were directed to pay war indemnity.
 The German army was to be limited to 1,00,000 men. A small navy was allowed.

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 The union of Austria and Germany was forbidden.

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 All German colonies became mandated territories under the League of Nations.
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 

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 Alsace - Lorraine was returned to France.
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Germany was forced to revoke the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (with Russia) and Bucharest (Bulgaria).
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 Poland was recreated.
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 The Rhineland was to be occupied by the Allies
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3. Explain the course of the Russian Revolution under the leadership of Lenin.

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The Soviet was dominated by Mensheviks and the minority Bolsheviks were timid and undecided. The

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situation changed with the arrival of Lenin.

Failure of Provisional government:
  When the revolution broke out Lenin was in Switzerland and he wanted continued revolution. His slogan of
“All power to the Soviets” soon won over the workers' leaders. The people were attracted by the slogan of
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“Bread, Peace and Land”.
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 
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The provisional government made two grave mistakes.
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 Government decided to continue with the war.
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This intensified the rising in Petrograd led by Bolsheviks. The government banned Pravda and arrested
 
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all Bolsheviks. Trotsky was also arrested.

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Take over by the Bolshevik party under Lenin's leadership:
 
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In October Lenin persuaded the Bolshevik Central Committee to decide on immediate revolution.
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 Trotsky prepared a detailed plan.

  On 7 November the key government buildings, including the Winter Palace, the Prime Minister’s head
quarters were seized by revolutionary troops.
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New Communist government :
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 
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The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party.
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On 8 November 1917 a new Communist government was in office in Russia. Its head this time was Lenin.
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4. Estimate the work done by the League of Nations.
 
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The League of nations was called in to settle a number of disputes between 1920 and 1925. It was successful
in three issues.
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Aaland islands dispute :
  In 1920 a dispute arose between Sweden and Finland over the sovereignty of the Aaland Islands. The
League ruled that the islands should go to Finland.
11 HISTORY

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EC 10th Social Science

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In 1921 the League was asked to settle the frontier between Poland and Germany in Upper Silesia. It

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was successfully resolved by the League.
Greece-Bulgaria dispute :
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 
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The third dispute was between Greece and Bulgaria in 1925. Greece invaded Bulgaria and the League

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ordered a ceasefire. After investigation it blamed Greece and decided that Greece was to pay reparations.
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Thus the League had been successful until the signing of the Locarno Treaty in 1925.

VII. Activity (For Students)

1. Students can be taught to mark the places of battles and the capital cities of the countries that were engaged
in the war.
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VIII. Map Work (Refer Map Work Book)
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Mark the following countries on the world map.
1. Great Britain 2. Germany
a s
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4. Italy 5. Morocco

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6. Turkey
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7. Serbia
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a 9. Greece 10. Austria-Hungary
11. Bulgaria
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12. Rumania

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PART
I. Choose the correct answer

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1. The country which won the Battle of Jutland QY - 2019

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a) Germany b) England
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2.
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Where did the Ethiopian army defeat the Italian army? 
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a) Delville b) Orange state c) Adowa d) Algiers Ans: c) Adowa

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II. Answer the following questions briefly
a
1.
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Write any two provisions of the Treaty of Versailles 
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The German army was to be limited to 100,000 men. A small navy was allowed.
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Alsace - Lorraine was returned to France.

 
2. Highlight the Global influence of Russian Revolution. Sep-2020
 In many countries, communist parties were formed.
 The Russian communist government encouraged the colonies to fight for their freedom.
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Debates over key issues, land reforms, social welfare worker's right and gender equality started taking place

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III. Time line
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IV. Answer the following in detail

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Write any five important events between 1910 to 1930 1. 
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Explain the structure and composition of
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QY - 2019, Sep - 2021 April - 2023
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out at the Paris Peace Conference

➢ The League of Nations was formed in 1920.
➢ President Woodrow Wilson was instrumental for

eet t eet t founding the League.

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➢ The Assembly, the council, the secretariat, the

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permanent court of Justice and the International

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Labour organisation were the five bodies of the
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HISTORY 12

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.NThe council

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➢ The council was the executive of the League.
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➢ Britain, France, Italy, Japan and the United states were the original permanent members of the council
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➢ Each member had only one vote.a s a
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➢ All decisions had to be unanimous
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The Secretariat.
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➢ The Secretariat of the League of Nations was located at Geneva
➢ The staff of the secretariat was appointed by the Secretary General
The International Court of Justice.
➢ The International Court of Justice was setup in the Hague.
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➢ The court was made of fifteen judges.
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The International Lobour Organisation.

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The International Labour Organisation comprised a secretariat and general conformance which included four

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representatives from each country.
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PART
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III
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I. Choose the correct answer
1. The Sino - Japanese war was fought in _________.
a) 1984 - 1985 b) 1974 - 1975 c)1894 - 1895 d) 1896 - 1897 Ans: c) 1894 - 1895

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2. There were trusts in the USA and Cartels in _________.
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a) Germany b) India
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c) Italy d) France Ans: a) Germany

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3..N al l a
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The League of Nations was finally dissolved in ________.
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assaa a) 1939 b) 1942
a s
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s d) 1947 Ans: c) 1946
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4.
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By _________ practically the whole of Africa was colonised
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a) 1800
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5.
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_________ was England’s militant form the nationalism.
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a) Jingoism b) Chauvinism c) Kultur d) Nihilism Ans: a) Jingoism

6. Emden bombarded ___________.
a) Pearl harbour b) Jutland c) Alsace d) Madras Ans: d) Madras
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7.
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Lenin was in _________ when the revolution broke out.

a i c) London
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d) Switzerland Ans: d) Switzerland

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8.
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Lenin was influenced by the ideas of
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a) Stalin b) Karl Marx
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c) Voltaire
a d) Napoleon Ans: b) Karl Marx
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9.
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The official newspaper of the Communist party from 1981 to 1991 was

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a) Commune b) Socialism
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c) Duma d) Pravda Ans: d) Pravda
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10. Italy formally joined the Allies in the war in

a) 1914 b) 1915 c) 1916 d) 1917 Ans: c) 1916

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11. Japan captured Manchuria in
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.Na) 1929 b) 1931

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assaa 1. aa a
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s II. Fill in the Blanks

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The Secretariat of the League of Nations was located at ___________.
Answers

Geneva
2.
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Japan annexed the ___________ Peninsula.
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3.
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The International court of Justice was set up in ______________. The Hague

13 HISTORY

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EC 10th Social Science

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4.
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The German submarines torpedoed the American warship ____________.
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5. The Parliament established by Nicholas was called____________. Duma
6.
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The Prime Minister of England ___________ played a very important role in the deliberations.
dd dd Lloyd George
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In the Russo Japanese War, Japan defeated Russia and got back _____________.
P
.. P P
..P Port Arthur
8.
ww
Pravda is a Russian word meaning _______________.
ww Truth

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III. Choose the correct statement
1. i) Napoleon was defeated at Trafalgar
ii) Imperialism was just about colonies

et
e t
iii) t t
In the Russo - Japanese War, Japan defeated Russia
ee
lalai.iN
.N iv)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The Triple Entente was signed by Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy

assaa aa aa
a) i) and ii) are correct b) iii) is correct
c) i) and iii) are correct
aass as
as
d) i), ii) and iii) are correct Ans: c) i) and iii) are correct

et
PPaadd P Padd
a
2. i)
..
The Treaty of Brest Litovsk was signed in 1918
ww w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
ii) The Treaty of London was signed in 1921
iii) The Treaty of Sevres was signed with Serbia
iv) In the First World war China joined the allies.

ai
a) ii) is correct b) i), ii) and iii) are correct
Ans: d) i) and iv) are correct
eet
c) ii) and iv) are correct
t eet td) i) and iv) are correct

l a
l i
a .iN
3.
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
Reason (R) : Germany was found guilty of starting the war.
l a
l a .iN
.N
Assertion (A) : After the First World War Germany was allowed to have only a small navy.
i i
assaa a s aa
s a s
a) A is right and R is the correct reason b) Both A and R are wrong
a a aa
s
as
Paadd P Paadd
c) R is right but it has no relevance to A d) A is right but R is wrong
P
w
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Ans: a) A is right and R is the correct reason

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IV. Match the following
ad

A I II Answers
1. Lenin a Austria - Hungary b Russia
t t
.P

ee t
2. Kaiser Wilhelm b
ee t
Russia e Germany

l a
l i
a .iN
.N 3. Franz Ferdinand
l a
l i
c
a.iN
.N
Turkey
l a
l i
a.iN
a.N Austria - Hungary

assaa aa aa
w

4. Kemal Pasha
a
dd s
a s d France
a
dd s
a s c Turkey
5. Clemenceau
P
.. Paa e Germany
P
.. Paa d France
w

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B I II Answers
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1. Japan attacked Manchuria a 1882 d 1931

2. Triple alliance formed b 1902 a 1882
3. Entente Cordiale c 1904 c 1904

eet t
4. Treaty of London d
eet
1931t e 1913

l a
l i
a .iN
.N 5. Anglo-Japanese alliance
lal i
a.iN
e .N1913
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d 1902

assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aass
V. Answer the following briefly
aa
1.
P
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Name the states that opposed the Central powers.
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 Russia  France  Italy  Belgium  Britain
 Serbia  Romania  Greece  The United States

HISTORY 14

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Why did America enter into the First World War?
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
In January 1917, Germany announced that they would sink even neutral ships in certain waters.
 

assaa  
incident.
aadd s
a aa
s
aadd s
a aa
s
Lusitania, an American ship was torpedoed by a German submarine. Many Americans lost their lives in that
a a
 
ww P
.. P w P
..P
There was a lot of resentment in the USA. So President Wilson declared war against Germany on April 1917.
w
3.
wwww
What do you know about “Pravda”?
wwww
Pravda is a Russian word meaning “Truth”. Pravda was the official newspaper of the communist party of the
Soviet Union from 1918 to 1991.
4.
et
e eet
Name the five bodies of the League. Point out the objectives of the League.
t t
lalai.iN
.N  
 
The Assembly
The Secretariat
l a
l i
a .iN
.N  The Council
 
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The International Court of Justice

assaa  
a saa
s
The International Labour Organisation.
a as
asaa

et
aadd
Objectives of the League:
PP P Padd
a
w ..
 To avoid war and maintain peace in the world.
w w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
 To promote international cooperation in economic and social affairs.
5. Write about the Russo - Japanese war.

ai
In 1904 the war began between Russia and Japan. In this Russo - Japanese war, Japan defeated
 

eetRussia and got back Port Arthur.

t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
After this war, Japan entered the “Charmed circle of the great powers”.
 
al i i .N
assaa aa aa
6. Point out the outcome of the Russian revolution.
a s
a s a s
a s
as
 

P Paadd
Illiteracy and poverty were eliminated from Russia.

P
Russian industry and agriculture developed remarkably.
Paadd



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w .. ww..
Women were given equal rights, including right to vote.
wwww wwww
ad

 Industries and banks were nationalised.


VI. Answer the following in detail
1. Write about the fallout of the First World War.
t t
.P

ee t ee t
 The First World War left a deep impact on European society and policy.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a i
a.iN
.N
 There was huge loss of men and materials.
l l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w

 N
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
early 8 million had died and more than 16 million were wounded.

P
.. Paa P
.. Pa
 Millions more had succumbed to the worldwide influenza.
a
w

 It led to imbalance between sexes - a shortage of men.

w
w ww
wwww wwww
 It led to the rise and consolidation of the Soviet Union, the USSR.
w

 America entered the war as a debtor country but emerged as the money lender to the world after the war.
  It led to the awakening of the colonies and their attempts to gain freedom.
 Mustafa Kemal Pasha played a remarkable role for Turkey's rebirth as a nation.

eet
 t eet t
He modernised Turkey and changed it out of all recognition.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  T
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
he Indian soldiers who returneed from Europe after the war came back with new ideas which had an

assaa aa aa
impact on the Indian society.
a
dd s
a s
 The war led to economic distress in India.
ddaass
P
..Paa P
.. Paa
 The war conditions led to the rise of Home rule movement in India.
ww ww
wwww wwww
 The Congress was reunited during the war.

15 HISTORY

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2. 
.NWhat were the issues and incidents of
violations faced by the League?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N VII. Timeline

assaa s aa
s s aa
s
 1. Draw a Timeline for the following.

aa a
One of the major problems which confronted the
dd a
European powers was how to achieve
aa a
dd a 1914 - Outbreak of World War I
disarmament.
ww P
.. P ww P
..P 1917 - Russian Revolution
 
wwww wwww
In 1925 the Council of the League set up a Commission
to hold a Disarmament Conference to sort
1918 - End of the World War I
1919 - Treaty of Versailles
out the problem. But the proposed Conference 1920 - Establishment of the League of Nations
materialised only in February 1932.

e
 Int
e t eet t
 this Conference, Germany’s demand of equality

lalai.iN
.N of arms with France was rejected.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa s aa
 In October Hitler withdrew Germany from the
aa s aas

et
PP add
Conference and the League.
a P Padd
a
 J
ww..
apan attacked Manchuria in September 1931
w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
and the League condemned Japan. So Japan also
followed the example of Germany and resigned
from the League.

ai
 W hen Italy attacked Ethiopia, the League applied
t t t t
sanctions. As the sanctions came into effect, Italy
ee ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
in protest resigned from the League in 1937.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
 A fter that the League was a passive witness
a s
a s a s
a s
as
to events, taking no part in the crisis over the

P aadd
Rhineland, Austria, Czechoslovakia and Poland.
P P Paadd
 T
w
w ..
he last decisive attack it took was, when Russia
ww..
wwww wwww
ad

attacked Finland, Russia was expelled from the

League.
 T he assembly did not meet again and the
League of Nations was finally dissolved in 1946.
t t
.P

ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
3. 
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Bring out the causes for the failure of the
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
League of Nations.
w

 T a s
a s
he League appeared to be an organisation of
dd a
dd s
a s
P Paa
those who were victorious in the First World War.
.. P
.. Paa
w

 S w
w
ince it lacked the military power of its own, ww
wwww
it could not enforce its decisions.
wwww
w

 The founders of this organisation underestimated

the power of nationalism. The principle of "collective

eet eet
security" could not be applied in actual practice.
t t Scale: 1 unit = 10 years

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
 Dictators in Italy, Japan and Germany

lal i
a.iN
refused to be bound by the orders of the.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s aa
s
League. France and Britain were the only major

a
powers to act decisively.
add a add
a aassaa
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..P ww P
.. P
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HISTORY 16

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.N
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SLOW LEARNERS MATERIAL (HISTORY) EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
Unit 1. Outbreak of world war I and its aftermath
a .iN
.N
assaa a
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
aadd s
a aa
s
aa a
2.
dd s
a aa
s Highlight the provisions of the Treaty of
Versailles relating to Germany.
1.
Japanese war? ww P
.. P
How do you assess the importance of Sino-

ww P
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 Germany had to pay war indemnity.


wwww 
In the 1894-95 Sino Japanese war, Japan defeated
China and surprised the world.  wwww 

German army was reduced.
Union of Austria and Germany was forbidden.
 Japan annexed the Liotung peninsula with Port  ermany had to give up all rights over her overseas
G
Arthur. possessions.

2. et
e t e
Name the countries in the Triple Entente.
et t 
 
A lasace – Lorraine was returned to France.

lalai.iN
.N
  Britain  France
a i .iN
 Russia
l l a .N 
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
ermany had to revoke the Treaty of Brest Litovsk
G

assaa aa aa with Russia and Treaty of Bucharest with Bulgaria.

3.
ss
What were the three militant forms of nationalism
aa as
as

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 anzig, the German port was to be a free city under
D
in Europe?
PPaadd P Padd
a the League of Nations.

 Jingoism (England)
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Chauvinism (France)

.N

3. Explain the course of the Russian Revolution
 Kultur (Germany)
under the leadership of Lenin.
4. What do you know of trench warfare?  The Soviet was dominated by Mensheviks and the

ai
 Trenches or ditches were dug by soldiers
minority Bolsheviks were timid and undecided.

eet t
It was dug to protect themselves.
eet t 
 With the arrival of Lenin the situation changed.

l a
l i
a .iN

.N other. al l a
l i
a .iN
The main lines of trenches were connected to each
.N  L
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
enin’s slogan was ‘Bread, Peace and Land’.

assaa aa aaProvisional government’s grave mistakes.


s s
They helped to deliver food and other things.
a a

a s
a s
as
5.
aadd
What was the role of Mustafa Kemal Pasha?
P P P Paadd
 P
B


ravda was banned.
olsheviks were arrested.

w ..
He played a remarkable role for Turkey's rebirth as
w ww.. 
Trotsky was also arrested.

wwww wwww
a nation. 
ad

 He modernised Turkey and changed it out of all  Take over by the Bolshevik party under Lenin’s
recognition. leadership.
6. Write any two causes for the failure of the League  Bolshevik party was renamed the Russian Communist
party.
t t
.P

ee t
of Nations.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN

.N l a
l a.iN
.N
The League lacked the military power of its own.
i
The dictators of Italy, Japan and Germany refused 4.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Estimate the work done by the League of

assaa aa aa
w

dd s
a s
to be bound by the orders of the League.
a a
dd
s
a s Nations.
The League was called in to settle a number of

P
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FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
P
.. Paa
w

issues between 1920 and 1925.

w
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1. Discuss the main causes of the First World war. ww
wwww wwww

 The League was successful in three issues.
 European alliances and counter alliances.  In 1920, it solved the dispute between Sweden and
w

 Germany, Austria – Hungary and Italy – Central

Finland over the sovereignty of Aaland Islands..
powers.
 In 1921 it settled the frontier between Poland and
 England, France and Russia – Triple Entente – Allied

eet t powers
eet t Germany in upper Silesia.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
 Violent forms of Nationalism.

lal i
a.iN
.N
 Aggressive attitude of German emperor.


l a
l a .iN
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In 1925 it solved the dispute between Greece and
i
Bulgaria and ordered a cease fire.

assaa  Balkan problem

aa a
dd s
a aa
s
 Hostility of France towards Germany.

add
a a
assaa Thus the League had been successful until signing
of the Locarno Treaty in 1925.
P
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 Immediate cause – Assassination of Austrian
prince.
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.. P
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17 HISTORY

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GEOGRAPHY
UNIT India - e Location,
EC 10th Social Science

e t
e t et t
lalai .N1
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Loyola Relief
l a
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a N
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assaa aa aa EC 7th Science

a ass
dId- TEXTBOOK EVALUATION a
dd s
a s
P
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PART P
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I. Choose the correct answer
1. The north-south extent of India is
a) 2,500 km b) 2,933 km c) 3,214 km d) 2,814 km Ans: c) 3,214 km

2. et
e t eet t
_________ River is known as 'Sorrow of Bihar'.

lalai.iN
.N a) Narmada b) Godavari
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
c) Kosi
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Damodar Ans: c) Kosi

assaa 3.
aasaa
s 
as
asaa
A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as _________.

et
PTA - 3
a) Coast aadd
b) Island
PP c) Peninsula
P Padd
a d) Strait Ans: c) Peninsula

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4. The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from _______. PTA - 4 May 2022

.N
a) Goa b) West Bengal c) Sri Lanka d) Maldives Ans: c) Sri Lanka

5. The highest peak in South India is GMQ - 2019 PTA - 2

ai
a) Ooty b) Kodaikanal c) Anaimudi d) Jindhagada Ans: c) Anaimudi

6. eet t eet t
_____________ plains are formed by the older alluviums.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) Bhabar al
b) Tarai
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
c) Bhangar
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Khadar Ans: c) Bhangar

assaa 7.
a s
a aa
s
Pulicat lake is located between the states of
a s
a aa
s PTA - 1 Aug 2022
as
a
a) West Bengal and Odisha
P P add aadd
b) Karnataka and Kerala
P P
w
w ..
c) Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
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d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

wwww wwww Ans: d) Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh

ad

II. Match the following

I II Answers
t t
.P

e t
1. Tsangpo
e GMQ - 2019 t
a Tributary of River Ganga
ee c River Brahmaputra in Tibet

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
2. Yamuna b
i.iN
.N
Highest peak in India
l a
l a l a
l
a
i
a.iN
.N
Tributary of River Ganga

assaa aa aa
3. New alluvium c River Brahmaputra in Tibet e Khadhar
w

4. Mt. Godwin Austen (K2)

a
ddds
a s a s
a s
Southern part of East coastal plain
dd b Highest peak in India

P a
5. Coromandel coast  PTA - 5
.. P a e Khadhar
P
.. Paa d Southern part of East coastal plain
w

w
w ww
wwww wwww
III. Give Reasons
w

1. Himalayas are called young fold mountains. May 2022

Himalayas have been formed only a few million years ago and they were formed by the folding of the earth
crust due to tectonic activity.
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
2.
.N North Indian Rivers are perennial.

lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N PTA - 2, HY - 2019
The North Indian rivers originate from the Himalayas. They receive water from the melting of snow from the

assaa aa a s
a aa
s
peaks of the Himalayas and also from the monsoons.
dd add
a aassaa
3.

ww P
South Indian rivers are east flowing.
..P ww P
.. P
Most of the South Indian rivers originate from the Western Ghats. Moreover the topography of South India

wwww wwww
slopes towards east. So the South Indian rivers are east flowing.

101 GEOGRAPHY

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EC 10th Social Science

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.N l a
l a .
i N
. N
IV. Distinguish between the following
i l a
l i
a .
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. N
assaa
 aa aa
1.
a
dd s
a s
Himalayan rivers and Peninsular rivers.
a
dd s
a s PTA - 5

1.
.. Paa
Himalayan rivers
P
Originate from the Himalayas. P
..Paa Peninsular rivers.
Originate from the Western Ghats.
ww ww
2.
3. wwww
Long and wide
Perennial in nature wwww Short and narrow
Non-perennial in nature
4. Unsuitable for hydro-power generation Suitable for hydro-power generation
5. Useful for navigation Not useful for navigation.

et
e t
Western Ghats and Eastern Ghats. eet t
lalai.iN
2.
.N l a
l
Western Ghats i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
PTA - 1, HY - 2019
Eastern Ghats
Aug 2022 April - 2023

assaa 1.
a saa
s
The Western Ghats form the western edge of the
a as
asaa The Eastern Ghats run from southwest to northeast

et
PPaadd
peninsular plateau.
P Padd
a from the eastern edge of Peninsular plateau.
2.
ww.. w
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The Western Ghats run parallel to the Arabian sea coast. The Eastern Ghats run parallel to the Bay of Bengal.

wwww wwww

.N
3. There are three important passes in the Western Ghats There is no pass. These are a series of intersected hills.
4. The Western Ghats are continuous range of The Eastern Ghats are not continuous as the
mountains Western Ghats.

ai
5. The northern part of this range is called This range is called Poorvadri

eet t Sahyadris.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
3..N al l a i
a .iN
.N
Western Coastal Plains and Eastern Coastal Plains.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N Sep-2020, 2021

assaa a s
a aa
s
Western Coastal Plains
a s
a aa
s Eastern Coastal Plains
as
1.
aadd
It lies between the Western Ghats and the
P P P Paadd
It lies between the Eastern Ghats and the Bay of
Arabian sea.
w
w .. ww.. Bengal.
2.
wwww wwww
It extends from Rann of Kutch in the north to It extends from West Bengal in the north to Tamil
ad

Kanniyakumari in the south Nadu in the south

3. It has sandy beaches, coastal sand dunes, It consists of alluvial deposits. The coastal plain has
lagoons, mudflats and residual hills. regular shore line with beaches.

t t
.P

ee4.
t ee t
The northern part of this coast is known as The northern part of this coast is known as Northern

l a
l i
a .iN
.N as Malabar coast.
l a
l a.iN
.N
Konkan coast and the southern part is known
i l
coast.
a
l a.iN
.N
Circars and the southern part is known as Coromandal
i
assaa aa aa
w

aas
dd s a
dd s
a
V. Answer in briefs
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

1. Name the neighbouring countries of India. GMQ - 2019

w
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wwww  wwww
 Pakistan  Afghanistan  China  Nepal
 Bhutan  Bangladesh  Sri Lanka  Myanmar
w

2. Give the importance of IST. PTA - 2 Aug 2022

  The longitudinal difference between Gujarat in the west and Arunachal Pradesh in the east is about 30°.

eet
 S
t t t
ince Arunachal Pradesh is towards east, it will have sunrise about two hours earlier than the sunrise at
ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N  I
Gujarat which is in the west.

lal i
a.iN
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
n order to avoid these differences, Indian standard time is calculated.
l
assaa s aa
s ssaa
 T he local time of the central meridian of India is the standard time of India.
 I a
dd a
ndia’s central meridian is 82°30’E longitude.
aa add
a aa
3. P
..P
Write a short note on Deccan Plateau. 
ww ww P
.. P Qy - 2019

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  Deccan plateau is the largest plateau in India.
  It is triangular in shape.

GEOGRAPHY 102

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.N Kindly send me your study materials .toNpadasalai.net@gmail.com aai.iN
.N
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EC 10th Social Science

eet t e t
e t
lalai .iN
.N  I
 T
l a
l a .iN
.N
he area of this plateau is about 7 lakh square km.
l a
l a .iN
.N
t is bounded by Western Ghats in the west, Eastern Ghats in the east and Satpura range in the north.
i i
assaa 4.
 N armada
aa
  a
dd s
s
a aa
State the west flowing rivers of India.
Tapti  M
ahi
aa a
dd s
a aa
s  Sharavati

PTA - 3

5.
ww P
.. P  ww P
..
Write a brief note on the island group of Lakshadweep.P PTA - 4 May 2022
 T
 L wwww wwww
he three divisions Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi were renamed as Lakshadweep in 1973.
akshadweep is a small group of coral islands located off the west coast of India.
 I t covers an area of 32 sq. km.
 I ts capital is Kavaratti.

et
e t
 T t t
here is a bird sanctuary in Pitt island.
ee
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
VI. Answer in a paragraph
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s  as
asaa

et
1. Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains and its importance to India. PTA - 1, Sep - 2021

aadd
The northern mountain is grouped into three divisions.
PP P Padd
a Aug 2022
 T
ww..
he Trans-Himalayas      
w
w ..
The Himalayas      Eastern Himalayas or Purvanchal hills

wwww wwww

.N
The Trans Himalayas:
 I t lies to the north of the great Himalayas range.
 A s its areal extend is more in Tibet it is also known as Tibetean Himalayas.

ai
 T his region contains marine sediments together with Tertiary granite.

eet
 Zt
eet t
askar, Ladakh, Kailash and Karakoram are important ranges..

l a
l i
a .iN
.N The Himalayas:
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
The Greater Himalayas (Himadri):
 T
a s
a s a s
a s
he Greater Himalayas rise abruptly like a wall north of the Lesser Himalayas.
as
 P  aadd
eaks like Everest and Kanchenjunga are located here.
P P P Paadd
 I
w
w ..
t is permanently covered with snow.
ww..
wwww
The Lesser Himalayas (Himachal):
wwww
ad

 I t is the middle range of the Himalayas.

 T he major rocks of this range are slate, lime stone and quartzite.
 S himla, Mussourie, Nainital, Almora, Ranikhet and Darjeeling are important hill stations.
t t
.P

ee t
The Outer Himalayas (The Siwaliks):
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N  I
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
t is partly made by the debris brought by the Himalayan rivers.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
 T he longitudinal valleys found between Siwaliks and the lesser Himalayas are called Duns and Duars.
w

 T
a s
a s
hese are best suited for human settlements.
dd a
dd s
a s
Purvanchal Hills:
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

 T
w
w
hese are the eastern off-shoot of Himalayas.
ww
 I
wwww wwww
t is extended in the north eastern states of India.
w

 A number of hills are found here. All these hills are collectively known as Purvanchal hills.
Importance of Himalayas:
 H imalayas blocks southwest monsoon winds and causes heavy rainfall to north India.

eet t
 I
eet t
t forms a natural barrier to the sub-continent.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  I
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
t is the source of many perennial rivers like Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra etc.

assaa aa aa
 T he Northern mountains are described as the paradise of tourists due to its natural beauty.
 
a
dd s
a s ddaass
Many hill stations and pilgrim centres like Amarnath, Kedarnath, Badrinath and Vaishnavidevi temples

P
..Pa
are situated here.
a P
.. Paa
 
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It provides raw material for many forest based industries.
 
  wwww wwww
It prevents the cold winds blowing from the central Asia and protects India from severe cold.
Himalayas are renowned for the rich bio-diversity.

103 GEOGRAPHY

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aai.iN aai.iN
.N Kindly send me your study materials .toNpadasalai.net@gmail.com aai.iN
.N
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ww
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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N  T
a i
a .iN
Give an account on the major peninsular rivers of India.
.N
he rivers of south India are called the Peninsular rivers.
l l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
 T hese rivers are non-perennial in nature.
 B a
dd a a
dd a
ased on the direction of the flow, these rivers are divided into the west following rivers and the east
aa aa
flowing rivers.

ww P
..
East flowing rivers: P ww P
..P
Mahanadi:
 T
 I
wwww wwww
he river Mahanadi originates near Sihawa in Raipur district of Chattisgarh and flows through Odisha.
t has many tributaries and distributaries.
 The delta of Mahanadi is one of the largest deltas in India.
 T he Mahanadi empties its water in the Bay of Bengal.
et
e t
Godavari: eet t
lalai.iN
.N  G
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
odavari is the longest of the Peninsular rivers.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
 I t is also called Vridha Ganga.
aass as
as

et
 I t originates in Nasik district of Maharashtra and flows through Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.
Krishna:
PPaadd P Padd
a
 I
w .. w ..
t originates from a spring at a place called Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats.
w w
wwww wwww

.N
 I t is the second largest peninsular river.
 B hima and Thungabhadra are its major tributaries.
 I t flows through Andhra Pradesh and joins the Bay of Bengal.

ai
Kaveri:
 I t originates at Talaikaveri, Kudagu hills of Karnataka.
eet t
 I
eet t
t is called Dhakshin Ganga or Ganga of the South.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  B
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
havani, Noyyal and Amaravathi are main tributaries.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
 H ogenakkal falls is on this river.
 I
a s
a s a s
a s
t breaks into Coleroon and Kaveri and empties into the Bay of Bengal near Poompuhar.
as
West flowing rivers:
P Paadd P Paadd
Narmada:
w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
 I t originates in Amarkantak plateau in Madhya Pradesh.
ad

 I t is the longest among the west flowing Peninsular rivers.

 I t drains into the Arabian sea through the Gulf of Cambay.
Tapti:
 I t originates near Multai in Madhya Pradesh.
t t
.P

ee t
 I
ee t
t is also one of the major rivers of Peninsular India.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  I
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
t drains into the Arabian sea through the Gulf of Cambay.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w

3.
 R a
dd s
Give a detailed account on the basin of the Ganga.
a s a
dd s
a s
iver Ganga originates from Gangotri glacier in Uttar Khasi district of Uttarkhand state.
PTA - 4

 T
P Paa
he length of this river is about 2525km.
.. P
.. Paa
w

 G
w
w ww
omti, Gandak, Kosi, Ghaghra, Son and Sambal are its tributaries.
 R
wwww wwww
iver Ganga is known as River Padma in Bangladesh.
w

 G anga and Brahmaputra together create the world’s largest delta known as Sundarbans in Bangladesh
before joining the Bay of Bengal.
 T he Ganga river system is the largest drainage system in India.

e t
 T
e t eet t
he Ganga plain is the most densely populated place in India.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  G
lal i
a.iN
 Many towns are developed on the banks of this river.
.N
anga plain is the largest plain in India.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
VII. Map exercises (Refer Map Work Book)

ww P
Mark the following in the outline map of India
..P ww P
.. P
1. Major mountain ranges – Karakoram, Ladakh, Zaskar, Aravalli, Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats.

wwww wwww
2. Major rivers – Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna & Kaveri.
3. Major plateaus – Malwa, Chotanagpur, Deccan.

GEOGRAPHY 104

eet t eet t
aai.iN aai.iN
.N Kindly send me your study materials .toNpadasalai.net@gmail.com aai.iN
.N
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ww
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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
VIII. Activities (Activity for the Students)
i i .N
assaa aa aa
1. Observe the Peninsular Plateau map of India and mark the major plateau divisions of India.
2.
a s
a s a s
a s
Prepare a table showing the major West flowing and East flowing rivers of peninsular India. 
dd dd
3.
P
.. Paa
states which you would pass through? P
..Paa
Assume that you are travelling from West Bengal to Gujarat along the beautiful coasts of India. Find out the

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4. Find out the states through which the river Ganga flows.
5. Prepare a table showing the major rivers in India and find out its tributaries, origin, length and area.

PART II - PTA, GOVT. ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

et
e t eet
I. Choose the correct answer
t
lalai.iN
.N
1.
a) Andaman and Nicobar
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Two island groups which belong to India are __________.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweep
PTA - 6

assaa c) Maldives and Nicobar

aasaa
s as
asaa
d) Sri Lanka and Andaman

et
PPaadd P P dd
Ans: b) Andaman Nicobar and Lakshadweeps
aa
2.
ww..
The oldest fold mountain range in India
w
w .. QY - 2019

wwww wwww

.N
a) Himalayan Mountain b) The Western Ghats
c) Aravalli Range d) Vindhya Range Ans: c) Aravalli range
3. Pick the odd one out. Sep-2020

ai
a) Kolleru Lake b) Vembanad lake c) Chilka Lake d) Pulicat Lake
Ans: b) Vembanad Lake
eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l a .iN
.N
II. Fill in the blanks.
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N Answers

assaa aa aa
1. 
____________ is the largest drainage system of India. The Ganga river system

a s
a s a s
a s PTA - 3
as
2.

P Paadd 
River ____________ is called Vridha Ganga.
P Paadd PTA - 6 Godavari

w
w .. ww..
III. Give short answers

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www
ad

1. Write briefly about the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of India. PTA - 5
India extends from 8°4 N to 37°6' N latitudes and 68°7'E to 97°25'E longitudes.
2. State the East flowing rivers in India HY - 2019
➢ Mahanadi ➢ Godavari ➢ Krishna ➢ Kaveri
t t
.P

ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.NIV. Answer in detail
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w

1.
a
dd s
a s
Explain the Peninsular Plateaus. April - 2023
a
dd s
a s
➢ The plateau region lies to the south of the Great Northern Plains. This is the largest physiographic division of
our country.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

w
w ww
➢ It covers an area of about 16 lakh sq.km (about half of the total area of the country). It is an old rocky

wwww
plateau region.
wwww
w

➢ The altitude of a large portions of the plateau is more than 600m from mean sea level.
➢ Aravalli hills mark the north-western boundary of the plateau region.
➢ Its northern and north-eastern boundaries are marked by the Bundelkhand upland, Kaimur and Rajmahal hills.

eet t eet t
➢ The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and eastern boundaries respectively.
➢ The peak of Anaimudi is the highest point in the plateau. Its height is 2,695 m and is located in Anaimalai.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
➢ The river Narmada divides the plateau region of India broadly into two parts.

assaa s aa s aa
➢ The region lying to the north of the Narmada is called the Central Highlands and the region lying to the south
a a s
of Narmada is called the Deccan Plateau.
dd ddaa s
..Paa
eastwards and fall into the bay of Bengal P
.. Paa
➢ All the maior rivers (Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna. Kaveri etc.) lying to the south of the Vindhyas flow
P
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➢ Narmada and Tapti are the two rivers situated to the south of the Vindhyas flow westward.
➢ Their movement towards west is due to the presence of a rift valley in the region.

105 GEOGRAPHY

eet t eet t
aai.iN aai.iN
.N Kindly send me your study materials .toNpadasalai.net@gmail.com aai.iN
.N
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ww
www.Padasalai.Net
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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
PART III - ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 1.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The east-west extent of India is
aadd s
I. Choose the correct answer
a a aa
s
a) 3214 km
ww P
.. P
b) 2933 km c) 2393 km
ww P
..P d) 4324 km Ans: b) 2933 km
2.
wwww wwww
The latitude which passes through the middle of India.
a) Equator b) Tropic of Cancer
c) Tropic of Capricorn d) Arctic circle Ans: b) Tropic of Cancer
3. India consists of ________.
et
e t
a) 27 states and 7 union territories
eet t
b) 29 states and 7 union territories

lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
c) 29 states and 9 union territories
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) 28 states and 9 union territories

assaa aa aa
Ans: d) 28 states and 9 union territories
aass as
as

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4.
PP add
IST is ________ hrs ahead of GMT.
a P Padd
a
a) 3.30
ww..b) 4.30 c) 5.30
w
w .. d) 6.30 Ans: c) 5.30

wwww wwww

.N
5. India's Central meridian is ________.
a) 82°30'S latitude b) 82°50'W longitude
c) 23°30'N latitude d) 82°30'E longitude Ans: d) 82°30'E longitude

ai
6. The Roof of the world is ________.

eet t
a) Everest b) Pamir knot
t t
c) Kanchenjunga
ee d) Ladakh Ans: b) Pamir knot

l a
l i
a .iN
7.
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
In areawise the largest state in India is ________.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
a) Uttar Pradesh b) Madhya Pradesh c) Maharashtra d) Rajasthan  Ans: d) Rajasthan
a s
a s a s
a s
as
8.
P P add
In areawise the smallest state in India is ________.
a P Paadd
a) Kerala
w
w ..
b) Goa c) Odisha
ww.. d) Sikkim Ans: b) Goa
9.
wwww
Between Angara and Gondwana is ________.
wwww
ad

a) The Tethys b) Pangea c) Panthalasa d) Karakoram Ans: a) The Tethys

10. The highest peak of the peninsular plateau is ________.
a) Doddabetta b) Anai mudi c) Abu d) Nilgiri hills Ans: b) Anai mudi
t t
.P

ee t ee t
11. The Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats join at ________.

l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) Anai mudi b) Gurushikhar
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
c) Kodaikanal
i.iN
.N
d) Nilgiris
l a
l a Ans: d) Nilgiris

assaa aa aa
w

a) Anai mudi
dd s s
12. The highest peak of Aravalli range is
a a
b) Gurushikhar c) Nilgiris a
dd s
a s
d) Mahendragiri Ans: b) Gurushikhar

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

13. The largest lake in India is

w
w ww
a) Kolleru
wwww b) Pulicat
wwww
c) Chilka d) Manasarowar Ans: c) Chilka
w

14. Andaman islands are separated from Nicobar by

a) Ten degree channel b) Eight degree channel
c) Pitt island d) Yellow sea Ans: a) Ten degree channel

eet t
15. Kolleru lake is located in
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) Tamil Nadu
lal i
a.iN
.N b) Karnataka
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
c) Kerala d) Andhra Pradesh  Ans: d) Andhra Pradesh

a
dd s
a s
16. The longest among the Peninsular rivers is the
ddaass
a) Narmada
P
..Paa
b) Godavari c) Kaveri
P
.. Paa d) Krishna Ans: b) Godavari
ww ww
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17. Jog falls is found on the river
a) Narmada b) Tapti c) Kaveri d) Sharavati Ans: d) Sharavati

GEOGRAPHY 106

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
18. The new capital of Andhra Pradesh is
.Na) Hyderabad
l a i
a .iN
.N
b) Secunderabad c) Amaravati
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Machilipatnam Ans: c) Amaravati

assaa a s
a aa
s
19. The prominent lake of Rajasthan is
a) Dal lake
aadd
b) Naga lake
a
c) Sambhar lake
a a
dd s
a aa
s d) Kolleru lake Ans: c) Sambhar lake

ww P
.. P
20. The southern most point of India is ww P
..P
a) Andaman
wwww
b) Kanyakumari
wwww
c) Indira Point
21. The Deccan plateau covers an area of about __________ sq.km.
d) Kavaratti Ans: c) Indira Point

a) 8 lakh b) 6 lakh c) 5 lakh d) 7 lakh Ans: d) 7 lakh

t t t t
22. The river which is called the 'Ganga of the South' is
ee ee
lalai.iN
.N a) Mahanadi b) Godavari

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
c) Krishna

l a
l i
a .iN
.N d) Kaveri Ans: d) Kaveri

assaa aa aa
23. The lake which lies between the deltas of Godavari and Krishna is
a) Chilka
aa
b) Kolleruss c) Pulicat
as
as
d) Wembanad Ans: b) Kolleru

et
PPaadd P Padd
a
ww..II. Fill in the blanks.
w
w .. Answers

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.N
1. The country which shares the longest border with India is ___________. Bangladesh
2. Mt.Everest is located in ____________. Nepal
3. Thar desert is also known as the ____________. Great Indian desert

ai
4. The middle part of the west coast plain is known as _____________. Kanara
5.
eet t t t
The coastal plain between Mahanadi and Krishna river is known as the _____.
ee Northern Circar

l a
l i
a .iN
6.
7..N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The second longest beach in the world is ____________.
The uninhabited _______ of Lakshadweep islands has a bird sanctuary.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N The Marina beach
Pitts island

assaa 8.
a s
a aa
s
River Ganga is known as river ____________ in Bangladesh
a s
a aa
s Padma
as
9.
aadd
In Tibet, river Brahmaputra is known as ____________.
P P P Paadd Tsangpo
10.
w
w .. ww..
In Bangladesh river Brahmaputra is known as ____________. Jamuna
11.
wwww wwww
The longest among the west flowing rivers of Peninsular India is ______. Narmada
ad

12. India is the ____________ largest country in Asia. second

13. ________ lake lies in the border of Andra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu Pulicat

t t
.P

ee t ee t
III. Match the following

l a
l i
a .iN
1..N I
l a
l i
a.iN
.N II
l a
l i
a.iN
.N Answers

assaa aa aa
w

1. River Ganga
a
dd
a
s
a s Tsangpo
a
dd s
a sb Padma
2. Brahmaputra
P
.. Paa b Padma
P
.. Paa a Tsangpo
w

3. Wembanad lake
w
w c Nepal
ww d Kerala
4.
wwww
Pitt island d Kerala
wwww e Bird sanctuary
w

5. Mt. Everest e Bird sanctuary c Nepal

2. I II Answers

eet
1.
t Mahanadi a
t
Lakshadweep islands
ee t e Odisha

l a
l i
a .iN
.N 2. Hogenakkal b
i.iN
.N
Western coastal plains
lal a
c
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Kaveri

assaa aa aa
3. Port Blair c Kaveri d Andaman islands
4. Kavaratti d a
dd s
a s
Andaman islands
ddaas
as Lakshadweep islands
5. Kanara
P
..
e
PaaOdisha
P
.. Paa b Western coastal plains
ww ww
wwww wwww
107 GEOGRAPHY

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.N Kindly send me your study materials .toNpadasalai.net@gmail.com aai.iN
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ww
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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
3.
.N I
l a
l i
a .iN
.N II
l a
l i
a .iN
.NAnswers

assaa aa aa
1. Shipkila pass a Odisha e Himachal Pradesh
2. Nathula pass a
dd s
a sb Andhra Pradesh a
ddds
a s Sikkim
3. Sambhar lake
P
.. Paa c Rajasthan
P
..Paa c Rajasthan
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4. Amaravati d Sikkim b Andhra Pradesh
5. Chilka lake e Himachal Pradesh a Odisha

IV. Give reasons

1.
et
e t t t
Trans-Himalayas is called Tibetean Himalayas.
ee
lalai.iN
.N
2.
Its areal extent is more in Tibet.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The Himachal region is subjected to extensive erosion.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s
Because of heavy rainfall, deforestation and urbanization.
aa as
asaa

et
3.
aadd
Most of the rivers of Bhabar plain disappear.
PP P Padd
a
ww..
The porosity of the plain is very high.
w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
4. Rivers Narmada and Tapti flow towards west.
Because of the presence of a rift valley in this region.
5. The climate of Andaman islands remains hot.

ai
As these islands lie close to the equator the climate remains hot.

eet t eet t
V. Distinguish between the following

l a
l i
a .iN
1..N GMT and IST. al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s
GMT
a s
a aa
s IST
as
1.
P Paadd
GMT means Greenwich Mean Time
P Paadd
IST means Indian Standard Time

w
w .. ww..
wwww wwww
2. It is calculated at 0° longitude It is calculated at 82½°E longitude
ad

3. It is the World Standard Time It is the Indian Standard Time

4. Meridian of GMT passes through London Meridian of IST passes through Mirzapur
5. It is 5½ hours behind IST. It is 5½ hours ahead of GMT
t t
.P

ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
2.
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Andaman - Nicobar islands and Lakshadweep islands
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Andaman - Nicobar islands Lakshadweep islands
w

1. a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Andaman - Nicobar islands are found in the Bay of Bengal Lakshadweep islands are found in the

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa Arabian sea.
w

2. w
w w
It consists of about 572 big and small islandsw It consists of 27 islands.
3.
wwww wwww
The area of this island group is about 8249 sq. km. The area is 32 sq. km.
w

4. Its capital is Port Blair Its capital is Kavaratti

5. These islands are of tectonic and volcanic origin These islands are of coral origin

3.
eet t
Tributary and Distributary
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a
Tributary
l l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Distributary

assaa s aa
s ssaa
1. A river or stream which contributes its water to A branch or outlet which leaves a main river and
a
dd a
main river is called a tributary.
aa add
a aadoes not rejoin it, carrying its water to the sea or

2.
ww P
..P ww
Eg. River Yamuna is a tributary of river Ganga P
.. P a lake is a distributary.
Eg. River Hooghly

wwww wwww
GEOGRAPHY 108

eet t eet t
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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N Himadri and Himachal.
Himadri
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Himachal

assaa 1.
2.
a s
a aa
s
The Greater Himalayas is known as the Himadri.

aadd
It is the northern most range of the Himalayas.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
The lesser Himalayas is known as the Himachal.
It is the middle range of the Himalayas.
3.
w P
.. P
It is about 25 km. wide.
w ww P
..P It is about 80 km wide.
4.
5. wwww
Its height is about 6000 m.
It receives lesser rainfall than Himachalwwww Its height varies from 3700 m to 4500 m.
It receives more rainfall than Himadri.
6. Important peaks like Everest and Kanchenjunga Important hill stations like Shimla, Mussourie,
are located here. Nainital, Almora and Darjeeling are found here.

et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
VI. Give short answers
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. Name the countries of the sub-continent. 8. List the characteristics of Himalayan river.
aass as
as

et
 Long and wide
Lanka.
PPaadd
Myanmar, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan and Sri

P Padd
a  Perennial in nature

ww.. w
w ..  Unsuitable for hydro power generation

wwww wwww
2. Why is India called a sub-continent?

.N
 Middle and lower courses and navigable
India possesses a distinct continental
characteristics in physiography, climate, natural VII. Answer in detail
vegetation, minerals, human resources etc. Hence

ai
1. Describe the northern plains of India.
India is known as a ‘Sub-continent’. The Northern plains is divided into four major
3. eet t
Name the important peaks, passes and hilleet t regions.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
stations of the Himalayas.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
They are Rajasthan plains, Punjab - Haryana plains,

assaa aa aa
Ganga plains and Brahmaputra plains.
Peaks : Nanga
a s
Parbat,
a s Nanda Devi,
a s
a s
as
Austen.
P P dd
Dhaulagiri, Everest, Kanchenjunga and Godwin
aa P Paadd Rajasthan plains:
 It is located to the west of Aravalli range.
Passes
w
w ..
: Zojila, Shipkila, Bomdila, Nathula,
ww..  It covers an area of about 1,75,000 sq.km

wwww
Jhelepla, Khyber and Bolan.
wwww  This plain is formed by the depositions of rivers
ad

Hill resorts : Shimla, Mussourie, Nainital, Almora, Luni and Saraswathi

 There are several salt lakes in Rajasthan. The
Ranikhet and Darjeeling.
Sambhar lake is the most important one.
4. What is meant by drainage system? Punjab - Haryana Plains:
t t
.P

ee t ee
A drainage system is an integrated system oft  It lies to the north-east of the Great Indian

l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
tributaries and a trunk stream which collects and
l a
l i
a.iN
desert.
.N
 It covers an area of 1.75 lakh sq.km

assaa aa aa
drains surface water into the sea, lake or some
w

other body of water.

a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
 It is formed by the deposition of the rivers

5.
P Paa
Name the islands belonging to India.
.. P
.. Paa Sutlej, Beas and Ravi.
w

 This plain acts as water-divide.


w
w
Andaman - Nicobar islands
ww Ganga plains:

wwww
Lakshadweep islands
wwww  It extends from the Yamuna river in the west to
w

Bangladesh in the east.

6. Mention the major tributaries of Ganga.
 It covers an area of about 3.75 lakh sq.km.
Gomti, Gandak, Kosi, Ghaghra, Yamuna, Son and
 It is formed by the sediments of river Ganga
Sambal.
eet t eet t and its tributaries.

l a
l i
a .iN
7.
.N India?
lal a.iN
.N
What are the main physiographic divisions of
i l a a .iN
.N
 It is the largest plain of India.
i
 This plains slopes from east to south-east.
l
assaa s aa s aa
Brahmaputra plains:
 The Northern mountains
 The Northern plains a
dd a s ddaa s It is located in the state of Assam. It is located

P
..Paa
 The Peninsular plateau
P
.. Paa in the eastern part of Great plains of India.

ww
 The coastal plains ww  It covers an area of about 56,275 sq.km.

wwww
 The islands
wwww  These plains create alluvial fans and marshy
tracts.

109 GEOGRAPHY

eet t eet t
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SLOW LEARNERS MATERIAL EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Unit 1. INDIA - Location, Relief and Drainage
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd
TWO MARK QUESTIONS s
a aa
s
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
3. EASTERN OR PURVANCHAL HILLS:
Eastern off – shoot of Himalayas
1. P
.. P
Name the neighbouring countries of India.
ww ww P
..P Importance:

wwww ww
 Pakistan  Afghanistan  China   Blocks Southwest monsoon winds and causes


Nepal  Bhutan
Sri Lanka  Myanmar
 Bangaladesh

w
w rainfall.
 Natural barrier.
2. Give the importance of IST.   Source of perennial rivers.

et
e t t t
Arunachal Pradesh which is in the east will have
ee
  Natural beauty – Tourist spots.

lalai.iN
.N the west.
l a
l a .iN
.N
sunrise two hours earlier than Gujarat which is in
i  
 
l a
l a .iN
.N
Pilgrim centres.
i
Helps forest based industries.

assaa 
a saa
s
In order to avoid these differences, the local time
a assaa
 
a Bio diversity.

et
PPaadd
of India's central meridian 82o30E longitude is
P Padd
a
2. 
Give an account on the major peninsular

w..
accepted as the Indian standard time.
w w
w .. rivers of India.

wwww wwww

.N
3. Write a short note on Deccan plateau. Non perennial in nature
 Deccan plateau is the largest plateau in India. Most of the rivers originate in the Western Ghats
 It is triangular in shape. East flowing rivers:

ai
 It slopes from west to east. Mahanadhi – Flows through Odisha

4.
eet t
State the west flowing rivers of India.
eet t Godavari – Longest of the Peninsular rivers

l a
l i
a .iN
.N Narmada  Tapti al Mahi
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
 Sharavati
Krishna

l a
l a .iN
.N
– Second longest of the Peninsular
i rivers

assaa 5.
s aa
s
Write a brief note on the island group of
a a s
Kaveri
a a aa
s – Ganga of the South –
as
Lakshadweep.
P Paadd P Paadd
Hogenakkal falls – Mettur dam

..
Lakshadweep is a small group of coral islands
w
w ww.. West flowing rivers:

wwww wwww
located in the Arabian sea. Narmada – L ongest among the west flowing
ad

 It covers an area of 32 sq.km. Peninsular rivers

Its capital is Kavaratti. Tapti –O  ne of the major rivers of
 There is a bird sanctuary in Pitt island. Peninsular India.

t t
.P

ee t FIVE MARK QUESTIONS

ee t 3. Give a detailed account on the basin of the

l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
1. Explain the divisions of Northern Mountains  
Ganga.

l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Originates from Gangotri.

assaa aa aa
w

and its importance to India.

1. THE TRANS HIMALAYAS: a
dd s
a s  
a s s
Its tributaries are Gomti, Gandak, Kosi, Ghaghra,
dd a
P
.. Paa P
.. PaaSon and Sambal.
w

It is also known as Tibetean Himalayas.  Ganga and Brahmaputra create world's largest
w
w ww
wwww wwww
2. THE HIMALAYAS: delta.
Greater Himalayas –
w

 River Ganga is known as River Padma in Bangladesh.

(Himadri) Permanently covered with snow  Largest drainage system in India.
Lesser Himalayas –  Ganga delta is the most densely populated place in
(Himachal) Middle range – Hill stations India.
eet t
Outer Himalayas – eet t  Many towns are developed on the banks of this

l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
(Siwaliks) – Suited for human settlements river.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
 Ganga plain is the largest plain in India.

aa a
dd a add
a aa
ww P
..P ww P
.. P
wwww wwww
GEOGRAPHY 110

eet t eet t
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ww
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CIVICS
UNIT EC 10th Social Science

e t
e t Indiani.iN t t
Constitution
ee
lalai .N1
.iN
Loyola
l a
l a .N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa EC 7th Science

a ass
dId- TEXTBOOK EVALUATION a
dd s
a s
P
.. Pa
PART
a P
..Paa
ww ww
1.
wwww wwww
I. Choose the correct answer
Which of the following sequences is right regarding the Preamble? Aug 2022
a) Republic, democratic, secular, socialist, sovereign
b) Sovereign, socialist, secular, republic, democratic
et
e t eet t
c) Sovereign, republic, secular, socialist, democratic

lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Ans: d) Sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic, republic
aass as
as

et
2.

PP add P P dd
How many times has the Preamble to the Constitution of India amended?
a aa
a) Once
ww..
b) Twice c) Thrice
w
w .. d) Never Ans: a) Once

wwww wwww

.N
3. A foreigner can acquire Indian citizenship through
a) Descent b) Registration c) Naturalisation d) All of the above
Ans: c) Naturalisation

ai
4. Find the odd one out. PTA - 2

eet t
a) Right to Equality
eet tb) Right against Exploitation

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
c) Right to Property
al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
d) Cultural and Educational Rights
.N Ans: c) Right to Property

assaa 5.
s
a aa
s  s aa
s
One of the following is not an instance of an exercise of a fundamental right.
a a a PTA - 6
as
P Paadd P Pa
a) Workers from Karnataka go to Kerala to work on the farms
add
w .. ww ..
b) Christian missions set up a chain of missionary schools
w
c) Men and women government employees got the same salary
wwww wwww
ad

d) Parents property is inherited by their children

Ans: d) Parents property is inherited by their children
6. Which one of the following rights was described by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar as the heart and soul of the
Constitution? Sep-2020
t t
.P

ee t
a) Right to freedom of religion
ee t
b) Right to equality

l a
l i
a .iN
.N c) Right to Constitutional remedies
l a
l i
a.iN
.N d) Right to property
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Ans: c) Right to Constitutional remedies
w

7. a
dd s
a s
How can the Fundamental Rights be suspended? a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
a) If the Supreme Court so desires
P Paa
b) If the Prime Minister orders to this effect
..
w

w
w ww
c) If the President orders it during the national emergency

wwww
d) All of the above
wwww
Ans: c) If the President orders it during the national emergency
w

8. We borrowed the Fundamental duties from the  Hy - 2019

a) American Constitution b) Canadian Constitution
c) Russian Constitution d) Irish Constitution Ans: c) Russian Constitution
9.
eet t eet t
Under which Article financial emergency can be proclaimed? May 2022

l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) Article 352
lal i
b) Article 356
a.iN
.N c) Article 360
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Article 368 Ans: c) Article 360

assaa Relations?
aadd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
10. Which of the following committees / commissions made recommendations about the Centre-State
a
P
..P
a) Sarkaria Commission
ww
c) M.N. Venkatachaliah Commission
P
.. P
b) Rajamannar Committee
ww
a) 1, 2 & 3
wwww b) 1 & 2
wwww
Select the correct answer from the codes given below
c) 1 & 3 d) 2 & 3 Ans: b) 1 & 2

177 CIVICS

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
II. Fill in the blanks
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Answers

assaa s aa s aa the USA

1.
2.
dd a s dd a s
The concept of constitution first originated in ______. Qy - 2019
a a
______ was elected as the temporary President of the Constituent Assembly Sachchidananda
P
.. Paa P
..Paa Sinha
ww ww
wwww wwww
3. The Constitution of India was adopted on ______. November 26, 1949
4. ______ writs are mentioned in Article 32 Five
5. Fundamental duties have been given to the citizen of India under Article ______. 51A

et
e t t t
III. Match the following
ee
lalai.iN
.N I
l a
l i
a .iN
.N II
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Answers

assaa saa
s ssaa
1. Citizenship Act a Jawaharlal Nehru c 1955
aa aa

et
2. The Preamble
PPaadd b
P Padd
42nd Amendment
a a Jawaharlal Nehru
3.
w
w ..
The mini Constitution c 1955
w
w .. b 42nd Amendment

wwww  wwww

.N
4. Classical language d 1962 e Tamil
5. National Emergency PTA - 4 e Tamil d 1962

ai
IV. Give short answers
1.
eet t
What is a Constitution?
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
A constitution is the fundamental law of a country which reflects the fundamental principles on which the

assaa aa aa
government of that country is based. It is the vehicle of a Nation’s progress
 aa ss a s
a s
as
2.

P P add
What is meant by citizenship?
a P Paadd PTA - 5
The word ‘Citizen‘ is derived from the Latin term ‘Civis‘. It means resident of a city or state. Citizenship

w
w ..
means the status of being a citizen of country.
ww..
wwww wwww
ad

3. List out the fundamental rights guaranteed by Indian constitution.

 Right to equality  Right to freedom
 Right against exploitation  Right to religion
 Cultural and educational rights  Right to constitutional remedy
t t
.P

ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
4.
.N What is a writ?

l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
 A writ is an order or command issued by a court in writing under its seal.

assaa aa aa
w

 
of the court a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
It is in the nature of a command or prohibition from performing certain acts that are specified in the orders

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

5. List out the three heads of the relations between the Centre and the States.
w
w ww
wwww wwww
 Legislative relations
 Administrative relations
w

 Financial relations
6. What are the classical languages in India? Qy - 2019 Aug 2022

eet

tTamil  Sanskrit
eet

t Telugu

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  Kannada  Malayalam

lal i
a.iN
.N  Odia

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
7. 
What is National Emergency? PTA - 6
 
ddaass ddaass
If the President is satisfied that India’s security is threatened due to war, external aggression or

  ..Pa a P
.. Paa
armed rebellion or if there is an imminent danger or threat he declares National Emergency.
P
When the national emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression it is known as
ww ww
  wwww
external emergency.
wwww
On the other hand when it is declared on the ground of armed rebellion it is known as internal emergency.

CIVICS 178

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
V. Answer in Detail
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. Explain the salient features of the Constitution of India.
 a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
It is the lengthiest of all the written constitutions of the world
PTA - 1 Sep - 2021 Aug 2022
April - 2023

.. Paa P
..Paa
It has borrowed most of its provisions from the constitutions of various countries
P

ww
It is partly rigid and partly flexible
ww



wwww
It makes India as a secular state
It provides an independent judiciary
wwww
It establishes a federal system of government

 It introduces Universal adult franchise. The voting right is given to all citizens above the age of 18
without any discrimination.

et
e t
Point out the Fundamental Rights.
2.
eet t Hy - 2019, GMQ - 2019

lalai.iN
.N
There are Six Fundamental Rights.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
They are  Right to Equality  Right to Religion
aass as
as

et
 Right to Freedom  Cultural and Educational Rights

aadd
 Right against Exploitation
PP add
a
 Right to Constitutional Remedies
P P
Right to Equality:
ww.. w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
 Equality before law.
  Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth.
 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.

ai
 Abolition of untouchability.
Right to Freedom:
 
eet t eet t
Freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and profession.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
 Protection of life and property.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
 Right to elementary education
a s
a s
 Protection against arrest and detention in certain cases.
a s
a s
as
a
Right against Exploitation:
P P add P Paadd
w
w .. ww..
 Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced labour.

wwww wwww
 Prohibition of employment of children in factories.
ad

Right to religion:
 Freedom to profession, practice and propagation of religion.
 Freedom to manage religious affairs.
 Freedom from payment of taxes for the promotion of any religion.
t t
.P

ee t
Cultural and Educational Rights: ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N a i.iN
.N
 Protection of language, script and culture of minorities.
l l a l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w

 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions.

a
dd s
a
Right to Constitutional Remedies:s a
dd s
a s
 
P aa P aa
It allows individuals to seek redressal for the violation of their fundamental rights.
.. P .. P
w

3. w
w ww
Write briefly on the Right to Constitutional Remedies.
wwww wwww
 A writ is an order or command issued by a court in writing under its seal.
w

  It is in the nature of a command or prohibition from performing certain acts.

  Both the Supreme Court and the High Courts are empowered to issue writs such as Habeas Corpus,
Mandamus, Prohibition, Quo Warranto and Certiorari.

e t t t t
 So the Supreme Court is called the ‘Guardian of the Constitution‘.
e ee
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Types of Writs:

la i
a.iN
.N
Habeas Corpus: Safeguards people from illegal arrests.
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
Mandamus: It protects the petitioner who requires legal help to get his work done by respective public
authorities.
aa a
dd a add
a aa
ww PP ww P
.. P
Prohibition: It prohibits a subordinate court from acting beyond its jurisdiction.
..
Certiorari: It quashes an order issued by a subordinate court by overstepping its jurisdiction.

wwww wwww
Quo Warranto: It prevents usurpation of public office through illegal manner.

179 CIVICS

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
4.
.N 
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
Mention the differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
.N
Qy - 2019 May 2022

assaa a s
a aa
s
Fundamental Rights

aadd
It was derived from the Constitution of the USA.
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
Directive Principles of State Policy
It was drawn on the model of the Constitution of Ireland.

ww P
.. P
Even the Government cannot take away or abridge
ww P
..P
These are mere instructions to the Government.

wwww
these rights.
These are enforceable by a court of law. wwww These are not enforceable in any court.
These have legal sanctions. These have moral and political sanctions.
These rights strengthen political democracy in the The implementation of these principles ensures social and

et
e t
country.
eet t economic democracy.

lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
VI. Project and activity (for students)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa 1.
a ssaa assaa
Collect information about the various members of the Constituent Assembly.
a a

et
2.
aadd a
Collect the pictures of the members of the Drafting Committee
P P P P dd
a
ww. . II - PTA ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ww. .
PART
wwww wwww

.N
I. Choose the correct answer
1. Article 14 of Indian Constitution ensures

ai
PTA - 5
a) Equality before law b) Prohibition of discrimination

eet t
c) Equality of opportunity
eet t
d) abolition of titles Ans: a) Equality before law

l a
l i
a .iN
2..N al
Find the incorrect statement.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N Sep - 2021

assaa aa aa
Importance of GDP.
a s
a s
a) Used to study the Economic Growth.
a s
a s
b) Used to solve problems of inflation and deflation.
as
aadd
c) Used to measure the quality of goods.
P P aadd
d) Used to estimate the purchasing power.
P P

w
w .. ww.. Ans: c) Used to measure the quality of goods

wwww w
w ww
II. Give Short Answers
ad

1. 
Write a note on writ of Mandamus. PTA - 1
 The High court and the Supreme court have the power to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental

rights.
t t
.P

ee
 t ee t
The writ of Mandamus us protects the petitioner who requires legal help to get his work done by

l a
l i
a .iN
.N respective public authorities.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa

w

2.
Write any two Fundamental Rights. PTA - 3
1. Right to Equality
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
 Equality before law
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex

w
w ww
wwww wwww
 Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment.
2. Right to freedom
w

 Freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, resisdence and profession.
III. Answer in detail
1.
eet t eet t
List out the Fundamental duties of the citizens of India. PTA - 4

l a
l i
a .iN
.N 
Anthem.
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
To abide by the constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National


assaa  
  a s aa
s a ssaa
To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired the national struggle for freedom
dd a dd a
To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India
aa aa
 
 
P
..P P
.. P
To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
ww ww
To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood among all the people of India.
 
  wwww wwww
To value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
To develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform

CIVICS 180

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N 

l a a .iN
.N
To safeguard public property and to abjure violence

i a i
a .iN
.N
To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.

l l l
assaa ssaa s aa
s
 To provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years.

PART d
aa a
IId a
- ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS
aa a
dd a
ww P
.. P ww P
..P
I. Choose the correct answer
1.
a) Greek
wwww b) Latin
wwww
The word ‘Citizen‘ is derived from the ____________ term ‘Civis‘
c) French d) Spanish Ans: b) Latin
2. The President of the Constituent Assembly was.

et
e t
a) Nehru b) Vallabhai Patel
eet t
c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad d) T.T. Krishnamachari

lalai.iN
.N
3.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Recognized official languages of India
l a
l i
a .iNAns: c) Dr. Rajendra Prasad
.N
assaa a) 18
s
b) 22
aa aa
s c) 25
as
asaa d) 27 Ans: b) 22

et
4.
aadd add
a
It grants rights to minorities to establish educational institutions
PP P P
a) Article 24
ww.. b) Article 26 ..
c) Article 30
w
w d) Article 36 Ans: c) Article 30

wwww wwww

.N
5. Our constitution came into force on
a) 15th August 1947 b) 30th January 1948 c) 15th August 1950 d) 26th January 1950
Ans: d) 26th January 1950

ai
6. This part of our constitution is described as the Magna Carta of India.

eet t
a) Part I b) Part II
eet t
c) Part III d) Part IV Ans: c) Part III

l a
l i
a .iN
7.
.N a) 3 times al l
b) 5 times
l i
a .iN
.N
So far the Citizenship Act has been amended
a c) 8 times
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) 12 times Ans: c) 8 times

assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
8. We borrowed the concept of Fundamental rights from
a) USA
aadd
b) USSR
P P c) Canada
P Paadd d) UK Ans: a) USA
9.
w
w .. ww..
He is considered as the ‘Father of the Constitution of India‘
a) Nehru
wwww b) Gandhi
wwww
c) Ambedkar d) Rajaji Ans: c) Ambedkar
ad

10. Which of the following emergency / emergencies have been declared in India so far?
1. National Emergency 2. State Emergency 3. Financial Emergency
a) 1, 2 and 3 b) 1 and 2 c) 1 and 3 d) 2 and 3 Ans: b) 1 and 2
t t
.P

ee t ee t
11. In India the voting right is given at the age of

l a
l i
a .iN
.Na) 18 b) 21
l a
l i
a.iN
.N c) 25
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
d) 30 Ans: a) 18

assaa aa aa
w

a) 1879 a
dd
b) 1789 s
12. The French Revolution broke out in the year
a s c) 1798 a
dd s
a s d) 1866 Ans: b) 1789

P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

13. In India, the President’s rule was imposed for the first time in
a) Bihar
w
w b) Punjab
w
c) Gujarat
w d) Tamil Nadu Ans: b) Punjab

wwww wwww
14. Which of the following emergency has not been declared in India so far?
w

a) State emergency b) National emergency

c) Financial emergency d) All the above Ans: c) Financial emergency
15. The constitution amendment can be brought about only by the
eet t
a) President b) Parliament
eet t
c) State legislature d) Chief Justice Ans: b) Parliament

l a
l i
a .iN
.N la i
a.iN
.N
16. The Directive Principles can be classified into
l l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
a) Liberal and Communist principles b) Socialist and Communist principles
a
dd a ddaa
c) Liberal, Gandhian and Communist principles d) Socialist, Gandhian and Liberal - intellectual
aa aa
Ans: d) Socialist, Gandhian and Liberal - intellectual

ww P
..P ww P
.. P
17. ___________ provides for three ways of amendment of the constitution.

wwww
a) Article 352 b) Article 356
wwww
c) Article 360 d) Article 368 Ans: d) Article 368

181 CIVICS

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
II. Fill in the Blanks
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N Answers

assaa aa aa
1. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of our Constitution was ______. Dr. Ambedkar
2.
a s
a s
In India Republic day is observed on ____________.
dd a
dd s
a s 26th January
3.
P aa P aa
The calligrapher of the Indian constitution was ___________.
.. P ..P Prem Behari

ww ww Narain Raizada
4.
5. wwww wwww
The Guardian of our constitution is the ____________.
Elementary education is made a fundamental right under article _______.
Supreme Court
21A
6. Sarkaria Commission was appointed by ____________. Indira Gandhi
7. In 1969 a three member committee was appointed to examine the centre state P.V. Rajamannar

et
e t t t
relations under the chairmanship of ____________.
ee
lalai.iN
.N
8.
9.
l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Dr. Ambedkar described the Directive principles as ________ of the Indian Constitution. Novel features
i i
According to Dr. Ambedkar Article 32 of the Constitution is the _________ of the Heart and soul

assaa Constitution
aasaa
s as
asaa

et
10.
a dd add
The Charter of Rights issued by King John of England is known as _________.
PP a P P a Magna Carta
11.
.. ..
The 42nd amendment of the constitution is known as the _________.
ww w
w
Mini constitution

wwww wwww

.N
12. So far internal emergency has been declared in India ________ times. Three
13. Our constitution came into force on _________. 26, January 1950
14. The _________ has been described as the key to the constitution Preamble

ai
15. So far ________ languages have been given the status of classical language. 6
16.
eet t t t
Tamil was granted the status of classical language in _________.
ee
2004

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
17.

l a
l a .iN
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
An order or command issued by a court in writing under its seal is known as _____ Writ
al i i
assaa aa aa
III. Match the following
a s
a s a s
a s
as
P Pa
I
add P Paadd
II Answers
1.
w
w ..
Abolition of untouchability a ..
Article 14
ww c Article 17
2.
wwww
Equality before law b
wwww
Article 31 a Article 14
ad

3. Right to Property c Article 17 b Article 31

4. Sarkaria Commission d 1983 d 1983
5. Raja Mannar Commission e 1969 e 1969
t t
.P

ee t ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iNIV. Give short answers
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
1. What is Preamble?
w

a s
a s a s
a s
 The term ‘Preamble‘ refers to the introduction or preface to the constitution.
dd dd
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
 It consists of the ideal, objectives and basic principles of the constitution.
w

w
w ww
 It has been described as the key to the constitution.
2.
wwww wwww
What were the important slogans of the French Revolution?
w

 Liberty  Equality  Fraternity

3. What are the ways of losing citizenship?
 It can be voluntarily renounced by a citizen.
eet
 t eet t
It can be terminated if a person acquires the citizenship of some other country.


l a
l i
a .iN
.N 
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
The Central government can deprive a naturalised citizen if it is satisfied that the citizenship was acquired


assaa aa aa
by fraud, false representation or hiding of material facts or indulge in trade with enemy countries or if the
a s
a s aass
person has been sentenced to imprisonment for a period of 2 years.
dd dd
4.
P
..Paa P
..
Write a short note on the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976.
Paa
ww ww
According to this amendment five subjects which were in the State list have been transferred to

wwww wwww
Concurrent list. They are education, forests, weights and measures, protection of wild animals and birds and
administration of justice; Constitution and organisation of all courts except the Supreme Court and the High courts.

CIVICS 182

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
5.
.N  
l a
l i
a .iN
What is the procedure followed in the amendment of the constitution?
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
For amendment of the constitution a bill should be introduced in either house of Parliament and

assaa aa aa
passed in each of the houses by 2/3 majority.
 
a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
Then it is sent to the President for his assent. When the President gives his assent the constitution
stands amended.
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
6.
ww ww
What are the three ways in which the constitution is amended?



wwww wwww
Amendment by simple majority of the Parliament
Amendment by special majority of the Parliament
Amendment by special majority of the Parliament and the ratification of half of the state legislatures.


V. Answer in detail
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
1.
 
l a
l a .iN
.N
What are the methods by which citizenship could be acquired?
i l a i
a .iN
.N
By Birth: All persons born in India on or after January 26, 1950 are treated as citizens by birth
l
assaa saa
s ssaa
 By Descent: A person born outside India on or after January 26, 1950 shall be a citizen of India by
aa aa

et
 
PPaadd P Padd
descent, if his father is a citizen of India at the time of his birth.
a
By Registration: A person can acquire citizenship of India by registration with appropriate authority.
 
ww.. w
w ..
By Naturalisation: A foreigner can acquire Indian citizenship, on application for naturalisation to the

wwww wwww

.N
Government of India.
 By Incorporation of Territory: In case a territory is added to the territory of India, the people of that
territory shall be treated as citizens of India.

ai
2. Discuss the three types of emergencies that can be declared by the President.

e t t
1. National Emergency:
e eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N  
  al l a
l i
a .iN
Article 352 of our constitution deals with national emergency.
.N l a i .iN
.N
If the President is satisfied that India’s security is threatened due to war, external aggression or
l a
assaa aa aa
armed rebellion or if there is imminent danger or threat he can declare emergency.
 
a s
a s a s
a s
When the emergency is declared due to external aggression it is called external emergency.
as
 
aadd aadd
If the emergency is declared due to armed rebellion it is called internal emergency.
P P P P
w
w ..
2. State Emergency:
ww..
wwww wwww
  Article 356 of our constitution deals with state emergency.
ad

  If the governor reports that the functioning of the state cannot be carried on in accordance
with the provisions of the constitution, emergency is declared.
  Ordinarily this emergency cannot be continued beyond one year.
  In special cases the duration may be upto three years.

t t
.P

e
 
e t
3. Financial Emergency: ee t
The state is governed by the Governor on behalf of the President.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
Article 360 of our constitution provides for financial emergency.
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
  The President declares emergency if he is satisfied that the financial stability or credit of India or
w

a s
a s
any of its parts is in danger.
dd a
dd s
a s
 
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
In such cases, the salary of any person serving in the State or Union can be reduced.
w

  This type of emergency has not been declared in India so far.

w
w ww
wwww wwww
VII. Life skill
w

1. Prepare a chart containing the Rights and Duties of citizens and display it in your class room.
(Activity to be done by Students)

eet t t t
SLOW LEARNERS MATERIAL
e e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N la
Unit 1. Indianl ai.iN
.N
Constitution l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aadda as saa TWO MARK QUESTIONS
add
a aassaa
1.
ww P
..P
What is a constitution?
ww P
.. P

wwww wwww
Constitution is the fundamental law of a country which reflects the fundamental principles on which the
government of the country is based.

183 CIVICS

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
2.
.N What is meant by citizenship?

l a i
a .iN
.N
The word ‘citizen’ means a resident of a city or state.
l
5

l a
l i
a .iN
List out the three heads of the relations between
.N
the centre and the states.

assaa s aa
s s aa
s
Citizenship means the status of being a citizen of a
country.
aa a
dd a 


a

a a
dd
Legislative relations
a
Administrative relations
3. P
.. P
List out the fundamental rights guaranteed by
ww ww P
..P Financial relations.

wwww wwww
Indian consititution.

 Right to equality 6. What are the classical languages in India?
 Right to freedom  Tamil  Sanskrit  Telugu
 Right against exploitation  Kannada  Malayalam  Odia
 Right to religion

et
e t
Cultural and educational rights
eet t 7. What is National Emergency?

lalai.iN

.N Right to constitutional remedies.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
If the President is satisfied that India’s security is

assaa aa aa
threatened due to war, external agression or armed
4. What is a Writ?
aass as
as

et

PP add
A writ is an order or command issued by a court in
a P Padd
a
rebellion or if there is an imminent danger he
declares National emergency.
ww..
writing under its seal.
w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
FIVE MARK QUESTIONS
1. Explain the salient features of the constitution
 Right to Religion
of India. Freedom to profess, practice and propagation of

ai
  It is the lengthiest of all the written constitutions
religion.

eet t
of the world
eet t  Cultural and Educational Rights

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
 
al l
constitutions of various countries
a
l a .iN
.N
It has borrowed most of its provisions from the
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Protection of language, scripts and culture of

assaa s aa
s s aa
s
 It is partly rigid and partly flexible minorities.
a a a a
as
 
P P add
It establishes a federal system of government
a P Paadd
 Right to Constitutional remedies

w
w ..
 It provides an independent judiciary
 It makes India as a secular state ww.. To seek redressal for violation of fundamental

wwww wwww
rights.
ad

 It introduces Universal adult franchise

3.  rite briefly on the Right to Constitutional
W
2.Point out the Fundamental rights.
There are Six Fundamental rights remedies.
 
Right to Equality  
A writ is an order or command issued by a court.
t t
.P

ee t ee t
Equality before law, Prohibition of discrimination,  
It is in the nature of a command or prohibition from

l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Equal in public employment.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
performing certain acts.

assaa aa aa
w

 Right to Freedom
a
dd s
a s
Freedom of speech, assembly, movement, residence
 
a
dd s
a s
Both the High courts and Supreme court are

and profession.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa empowered to issue writs. So the Supreme court is
w

called the ‘Guardian of the constitution’.

w
w
 Right against Exploitation
ww
wwww
Prohibition of traffic in human beings and forced
wwww  
Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari
w

labour. and Quo Warranto are the various types of writ.

4. Mention the differences between Fundamental rights and Directive principles of State Policy.
Fundamental Rights Directive Principles of State Policy

eet t eet t
1. It was derived from the Constitution of the USA It was drawn on the model of the

l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Constitution of Ireland

assaa aa aa
2. Even the Government cannot take away or abridge these These are mere instructions to the
rights
a
dd s
a s aass
Government
dd
P
..Paa
3. These are enforceable by a court of law
P
.. Paa
These are not enforceable in any court

ww
4. These have legal sanctions
ww These have moral and political sanctions

wwww wwww
5. These rights strengthen political democracy in the country The implementation of these principles
ensures social and economic democracy

CIVICS 184

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ECONOMICS
UNIT Gross Domestic Product and
EC 10th Social Science

e t
e t eet t
lalai .N1
.iN
Loyola Its Growth:
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
an Introduction EC 7th Science la
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa dda ass aa
aaI - TEXTBOOK EVALUATION d
aa a
d ss
a aa
ww. P
. P
PART
ww.P.P
wwww wwww
I. Choose the correct answer
1. GNP equals
a) NNP adjusted for inflation b) GDP adjusted for inflation

et
e t
c) GDP plus net property income from abroad
eet t
d) NNP plus net property income or abroad

lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Ans: c) GDP plus net property income from abroad

assaa aa aa
2. National Income is a measure of ________.
aass as
as

et
a) Total value of money

PPaadd
c) Total value of consumption goods
P P dd
b) Total value of producer goods
aa
d) Total value of goods and services

ww.. w
w .. Ans: d) Total value of goods and services

wwww wwww

.N
3. Primary sector consists of ________. Aug 2022
a) Agriculture b) Automobiles c) Trade d) Banking  Ans: a) Agriculture

ai
4. ________ approach is the value added by each intermediate good is summed to estimate the

eet t
value of the final good.
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
a) Expenditure approach
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
b) Value added approach
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
c) Income approach d) National Income Ans: b) Value added approach
a s
a s a s
a s
as
5.
aadd aadd
Gross value added at current prices for services sector is estimated at ________ lakh crore in
P P P P
2018-19.
w
w .. ww..
a) 91.06
wwww
b) 92.26 c) 80.07
wwww d) 98.29 Ans: b) 92.26
ad

6. India is ________ larger producer in agricultural product.

a) 1st b) 3rd c) 4th d) 2nd Ans: d) 2nd

t t
.P

7.
ee t ee t
India’s life expectancy at birth is ________ years.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N a) 65 b) 60

l a
l i
a.iN
.N c) 70

l a
l i
a.iN
.N
d) 55  Ans: a) 65

assaa aa aa
8. Which one is a trade policy?
w

a) irrigation policy a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
b) import and export policy

P
c) land-reform policy
.. Paa P Paa
d) wage policy 
.. Ans: b) import and export policy
w

w
w ww
wwww II. Fill in the blanks
wwww Answers
w

1. ________ is the primary sector in India. Agriculture

2. GDP is the indicator of ________ economy. Economic health of an
3. Industrial sector
eet t eet t
Secondary sector is otherwise called as ________. Aug 2022

l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
III. Match the following
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa I
aa a
dd s
a aa
s II
add
a aassaa Answers
1. P
..P
Electricity/ Gas and Water
ww a P
.. P
National Income / Population
ww c Industry Sector
2. Price policy
wwww b
wwww
Gross Domestic Product d Agriculture

ECONOMICS 216

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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N
3. GST c
l a
l i .iN
.N
Industry Sector
a l a
l i
e
a .iN
.N
Tax on goods and services

assaa aa aa
4. Per capita income d Agriculture a National Income / Population
5. C + I + G + (X-M) a
dd s
a se a
dd
Tax on goods and services
s
a s b Gross Domestic Product
P
.. Paa P
..Paa
ww ww
IV. Give short answer
1. wwww
Define National income.  wwww QY - 2019
National income is a measure of the total money value of goods and services produced by an economy
over a period of time, normally a year
2.
et
e t
What is meant by Gross domestic product?
eet t PTA - 6 April - 2023

lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
within the geographical boundaries of the country.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Gross Domestic Product is the total value of output of goods and services produced by the factors of production

assaa 3.
aasaa
s
Write the importance of Gross domestic product. 
as
asaa May 2022

et

aadd
Study of Economic growth
PP add
a
 Comparison with developed countries of the world
P P

ww..
Problems of inflation and deflation
w
w ..
 Study of Public sector

wwww wwww

.N
 Estimate the purchasing power
 Guide to economic planning

4. What is per capita income? HY, 2019, PTA - 3 GMQ - 2019

ai
 Per capita income is obtained by dividing the National income by the population of a country.


eet t
 Per capita income =
National income
eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N   al l a
l a .iN
Population
i .N l a
l i
a
It is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a country..iN
.N
assaa a s
a aa
s a s
a aa
s
as
5.
Define the Value added approach with example.
  aadd aadd
The sum of the value added by all the intermediate goods used in production gives us the total
P P P P
w
w ..
value of the final goods produced in the economy.
ww..
 
wwww wwww
Eg. To measure the market value of a cup of tea is, to add the value of each intermediate goods used to
ad

produce it such as tea powder, milk and sugar.

  Value added method: Tea powder + Milk + Sugar = Tea
    Value of intermediate goods = Value of final goods

t t
.P

6.
ee t
Write the name of economic policies in India.
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N 
l a
l a.iN
.N
Agricultural policy  Industrial policy

i New economic policy
 
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
7. Write a short note: 1) Gross National Happiness (GNH)
w

a s
a s
2) Human Development Index (HDI)
dd a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa
Gross National Happiness:
P
.. Paa
w

 
w
w w
The term Gross National Happiness was coined in 1972.
w
 
wwww wwww
The king of Bhutan said in an interview, “Gross National Happiness is more important than Gross National
w

Product”.
  The UN General Assembly urged its member countries to follow the example of Bhutan and said happiness
“a fundamental human goal”
  The four pillars of GNH are:-
eet t
  eet t
Sustainable and equitable socio - economic development, environmental conservation, preservation and

l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
promotion of culture and good governance.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Human Development Index (HDI):
  a
dd s
a s ddaass
This concept was introduced by Mahbub ul Haq, a Pakistani economist.
 
P aa P aa
The HDI is a composite index of life expectancy at birth, adult literacy rate and standard of living measured
..P .. P
ww ww
as a logarithmatic function of GDP, adjusted to purchasing power parity.

wwww wwww
217 ECONOMICS

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EC 10th Social Science

eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
V. Write in detail answer
l a
l i
a .
i N
. N
assaa s a
sa s aa
s
1. 
Briefly explain various terms associated with measuring of national income. PTA - 1, Sep - 2021

a a
dd a aa a
dd a
Gross National Product (GNP): Gross National Product is the total value of goods and services
a
P
.. P P
..P
produced and income received in a year by domestic residents of a country. It includes profits earned
ww
from capital invested abroad. ww
wwww wwww
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is the total value of output of goods
and services produced by the factors of production within the geographical boundaries of the country.
Net National Product (NNP): Net National Product(NNP) is arrived by making some adjustment with regard
to depreciation. We arrive at the Net National Product (NNP) by deducting the value of depreciation from Gross
et
e t
National Product.
eet t
lalai.iN
.N (NNP = GNP − Depreciation)
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa saa
s ssaa
Net Domestic Product (NDP): Net Domestic Product (NDP) is a part of Gross Domestic Product. Net Domestic
aa aa

et
PP add P P dd
Product is obtained from the Gross Domestic Product by deducting the quantum of tear and wear expenses
a aa
(depreciation)
ww..
NDP = GDP − Depreciation
w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
Per Capita Income (PCI):
  Per capita Income is an indicator to show the living standard of people in a country. It is obtained by
dividing the National Income by the population of a country.

ai
  Per capita Income = National Income / Population

eet t eet t
Personal Income (PI): Personal income is the total money income received by individuals and households of

l a
l i
a .iN
.N al l a
l i
a .iN
.N
a country from all possible sources before direct taxes.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa s aa
Disposable Income (DI): Disposable income means actual income which can be spent on consumption by
a a s a a s
as
P P add
individuals and families. DPI = PI − Direct Taxes
a P Paadd
2.
w
w .. ww..
What are the methods of calculating Gross Domestic Product? and explain its.

wwww wwww
 PTA - 4 HY - 2019 GMQ - 2019 Aug 2022
ad

Expenditure Approach: In this method, the GDP is measured by adding the expenditure on all the final
goods and services produced in the country during a specified period. Y = C + I + G + (X − M)
The Income Approach: This method looks at GDP from the perspective of the earnings of the men and

t t
.P

ee t ee t
women who are involved in producing the goods and services. The income approach to measure GDP (Y) is Y

l a
l i
a .iN
.N = Wages + rent + interest + profit

l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
Value Added Approach: Take a cup of tea. It is the final goods. The goods used to produce it, tea powder, milk

assaa aa aa
w

a
dd s
a s a
dd s
a s
and sugar are intermediate goods. To measure the market value of the cup of tea is to add the value of each

P
.. Pa P
.. Pa
intermediate goods used in the production of it. The sum of the value added by all the intermediate
a a
w

goods used in the production gives us the total value of the final goods produced in the economy.
w
w ww
Example:
wwww wwww
w

eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa a
dd s
a aa
s
add
a aassaa
ww P
..P
Value Added method: Tea powder + Milk + Sugar = Tea
ww P
.. P

wwww wwww
Value of inter mediate goods = Value of final goods

ECONOMICS 218

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lalai .iN
3.
.N l a
l a .iN
.N
Write any five differences between the growth and development. 
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N QY - 2019

assaa aa aa
Growth Development
Concept
a s
a s a s
a s
Economic growth is the “Narrower” concept Economic development is the “Broader” concept
dd dd
Nature of P
.. Paa
Quantitative in nature P
..Paa Qualitative in nature
ww ww
wwww wwww
Approach
Frequency of In a certain period of time Continuous process
occurrence
Term / Tenure Short term in nature Long-term in nature

et
e t
Applicability Developed nation
eet t Developing economies

lalai.iN
.N Measurement
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Increase in national income
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Increase in real national income i.e. per capita

assaa aa aa
Techniques income

aass as
as

et
4.
PPaadd
Explain the following the economic policies
P Padd
a
ww..
1) Agricultural policy
w
w ..
2) Industrial policy 3) New Economic policy

wwww wwww

.N
Agricultural policy:
  Agricultural policy is the set of government decisions and actions relating to domestic agriculture and
imports of foreign agricultural products.
It includes risk management and adjustment, economic stability, natural resources and environmental

ai
 
sustainability, research and development and market access for domestic commodities.

eet
 t eet t
Price policy, land reform policy, irrigation policy and food policy are examples of Agricultural policy.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N Industrial policy: al l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
  Industrial development creates employment, promotes research and development, leads to
a s
a s
modernization and makes the economy self sufficient.
a s
a s
as
  aadd aadd
Industrial development also boosts agricultural sector, the service sector and also trade.
P P P P
 
w
w .. ww..
Textile industry policy, Sugar industry policy and Small scale industrial policy are some of the industrial
policies.
wwww wwww
ad

New economic policy:

  The economy of India had undergone policy shifts in the beginning of the 1990s.
  This new model economic reform is known as the LPG or Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation.

t t
.P

e 
e t ee t
These economic reforms had influenced the overall economic growth of the country in a significant manner.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
VII. Activity and Project (for students)
l a
l i
a.iN
.N
assaa aa aa
w

1.
aass a s
a s
Students are to collect the Gross Domestic Product datas of Tamilnadu and compare the other state of Karnataka
dd dd
and Kerala’s GDP.
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa (Activity for the Students)
w

2.
w
w ww
Students are to collect the details of Employment growth of Tamil Nadu. (Activity for the Students)

wwww PART II - PTA ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS

wwww
w

I. Choose the correct answer

1.
eet t
Net Domestic Product _______.
ee t t PTA - 2

l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal a.iN
.N
a) GDP - Depreciation b) GNP - Depreciation c) PI - Direct taxes
i l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) None of these
Ans: a) GDP - Depreciation

assaa 2. 
Amartya Sen was a (an)
a) physician
aa a
dd s
a aa
s
b) physicist
add
a a
c) economistassaa
d) astronaut
PTA - 5
Ans: c) economist
3.
ww..P
P  ww
Which one sector is the highest employment in the GDP? P
.. P PTA - 5

wwww
a) Agricultural sector
c) Service sector wwww
b) Industrial sector
d) None of the above Ans: c) Service sector

219 ECONOMICS

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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
II. Fill in the blanks
l a
l i
a .iN
.N Answers

assaa 1.
a s aa 
s
_________ sector is the growth engine of Indian Economy.

aadd a aa a
dd s
a aa
s PTA - 6 Service

ww P
.. P ww P
..P
III. Answer the following briefly
1.


wwww 
Give a short note on Secondary Sector.
wwww
Industrial sector is known as Secondary sector..

In this sector the goods and commodities are produced by transforming the raw materials.

PTA - 2

 Important industries are iron and steel industry, cotton textile, jute, sugar, cement, paper, petrochemical,

automobile and other small scale industries.
et
e t eet t
lalai.iN
.N
2.
 
l a
l a .iN
.N
What are the factors supporting to develop the Indian economy?
i
There is a fast growing population of working age.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N PTA - 5

assaa  
aasaa
s as
asaa
The share of working age population has increased over the last two decades.

et
 
PPaadd P Padd
India has a strong legal system and many English language speakers. It attracts inward investment from
a
ww.. w
w ..
companies which specialise in information technology.

wwww wwww

.N
3. Write about the composition of GDP in India. Sep-2020
Indian economy is broadly divided into three sectors.
Primary Sector: (Agricultural Sector)

ai
  Agricultural sector is known as primary sector, in which agricultural operations are undertaken.

e t
 
e t e t t
Agriculture based allied activities, production of raw materials such as cattle farm, fishing, mining, forestry,
e
l a
l i
a .iN
.N al
coal etc. are also undertaken.
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
Secondary Sector: (Industrial Sector)
 
a s
a s a s
a s
Industrial sector is the secondary sector in which the goods and commodities are produced by transforming
as
the raw materials.
P Paadd P Paadd
 
w .. w ..
Important industries are Iron and Steel industry, cotton textile, jute, sugar, cement, paper, petrochemical,
w w
wwww wwww
automobile and other small scale industries.
ad

Tertiary Sector: (Service Sector)

  Tertiary sector is known as service sector.
  It includes scientific research, transport, communication, trade, postal and telegraph, banking, education,

t t
.P

ee t ee t
entertainment, healthcare and information technology etc.

l a
l i
a .iN
.N  

l a
l a.iN
.N
distinguished from ‘quaternary’ and ‘quinary’ service sectors.
l a
l a.iN
.N
In the 20th century, economists began to suggest that, traditional tertiary services could be further
i i
assaa aa QUESTIONS aa
w

PART III a
dd -ass
ADDITIONAL a
dd s
a s
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
w

I. Choose the correct answer

w
w ww
1.
wwww
National income is otherwise called
wwww
w

a) Real income b) Money income

c) Normal income d) National Dividend Ans: d) National Dividend
2. Net National Product is
eet t
a) GDP - Depreciation eet t b) GNP - Depreciation

l a
l i
a .iN
.N c) NDP - Depreciation
lal i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) GNP - Per capita income Ans: b) GNP - Depreciation

assaa 3.
a s aa
s
Per capita income is an indicator of

aa
a) Richness of people dd a add
a aassaa
b) Poverty of people
P
..P
c) Living standard of people
ww w P
.. P
d) Literacy of people
w Ans: c) Living standard of people
4.
a) 4th wwww b) 5th wwww
In Industrial sector India ranks ________ in the world
c) 6th d) 7th Ans: c) 6th

ECONOMICS 220

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lalai .iN
5.
.N a) Noida b) Bengaluru
l a
l i
a .iN
_______ has emerged as a hub for global software business.
.N
c) Hyderabad
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
d) Patna Ans: b) Bengaluru

assaa aa a s
a aa
s
II. Fill in the blanks
dd aa a
dd s
a aa
s Answers
1.
2.
ww P
The modern concept of GDP was first developed by ____.
.. P
Tertiary sector is also known as ________ sector.
ww P
..P Simon Kuznets
Service
3.
4.
wwww wwww
_____ is an apt tool to measure the real development of an economy.
“Poverty and Un British rule of India” was authored by__.
Human Development Index
Dadabhai Navroji
5. Education is included in the ______ sector. Service
6.
et
e t t t
The Human Development Index was introduced by _________
ee
Mahbub ul Haq

lalai.iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N l
III. Answer the following briefly
a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aasaa
s as
asaa

et
1. What does the term ‘goods and services’ mean?

Paadd P Padd
a
Goods are tangible items and services are activities which are not tangible.
P
2. ww..
What is meant by ‘final goods and services’? w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
‘Final goods and services’ are the goods and services which will be used or consumed.
3. What is meant by ‘intermediate goods’?

ai
The goods and services which will be used for producing other goods and services and will form a part of the

e t t t t
goods and services produced are called ‘Intermediate goods’.
e ee
l a
l i
a .iN
4.
.N al
What is ‘Gross value Added’ (GVA)?
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa aa aa
GVA is the measure of the value of goods and services produced in an area, industry or sector of an economy.

a s
a s a s
a s
as
5.

P P add
What are the four pillars of GNH?
a P Paadd
Sustainable and equitable socio-economic development
 
w
w ..
 Preservation and promotion of culture ww.. 

Environmental conservation

Good governance

wwww wwww
ad

6. What are the nine domains of GNH?

The nine domains of GNH are, Psychological well being, health, time use, education, cultural diversity and
resilience, good governance, community vitality, ecological diversity and resilience and living standards.

t t
.P

7.
ee t
What is meant by ‘depreciation’?
ee t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N known as depreciation.
l a
l i
a.iN
.N l a
l i
a.iN
.N
The monetary value of an asset decreases over time due to use, wear and tear or obsolescence. It is

assaa aa aa
w

8. a
dd s
a s
How would you arrive at Net National Product? a
dd s
a s
W
P
.. Paa P
.. Paa
e arrive at the Net National Product by deducting the value of depreciation from Gross National Product.
w

w
w
NP = GNP - Depreciation
N
ww
9. wwww
What is Net Domestic Product? wwww
w

Net Domestic Product is obtained from Gross Domestic Product by deducting the quantum of tear and wear

expenses (Depreciation).
NDP = GDP - Depreciation

eet t eet t
l a
l i
a .iN
.N lal i
a.iN
.N
IV. Answer the following in detail
l a
l i
a .iN
.N
assaa s aa
s ssaa
1. What are the limitations of GDP?

a a
dd a addaa
Several important goods and services are left out of the GDP:
a a
 
 
ww PP ww P
.. P
The GDP includes only goods and services sold in the market.
..
The services provided by parents to their children is very important but it is not included in the GDP

  wwww
because it is not sold in the market.
wwww
Likewise clean air which is vital for a healthy life, has no market value and it is left out of the GDP.

221 ECONOMICS

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eet t eet t
lalai .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
GDP measures only quantity but not quality:
.N l a i
a .iN
.N
The improvement in quality of goods is very important. But it is not captured by the GDP.

l
assaa s aa
s s aa
s
GDP does not tell us about the way income is distributed in the country:
a
dd a a
dd a
The GDP of a country may be growing rapidly but income may be distributed so unequally that only a small

aa aa
ww P P
percentage of people may be benefiting from it.
.. ww P
..P
The GDP does not tell us about the kind of life people are living:

wwww wwww
A high level of per capita real GDP can go hand-in-hand with very low health condition of people, an undemocratic
political system, high pollution and suicide rate.
2. Explain the Developmental path based on GDP and employment.
 India first undertook the policy of closed trade. This was to give a thrust to domestic industries and

et
e t eet t
reduce dependence on foreign products and companies.

lalai.iN
.N  
l a
l i
a .iN
.N l a
l i
a .iN
.N
Till 1991 trade and interaction with the outside world remained limited.

assaa aa aa
 Then India began to follow the policy of free trade and liberalisation and allowed foreign companies
aass as
as

et
to enter the Indian economy.
  aadd add
a
Under Five year plans a thrust was given to employment generation. This was to give the rising
PP P P
w ..
population job opportunities.
w w
w ..
wwww wwww

.N
 Rural development was also given importance.
 Poverty alleviation came as a result of rural development and a part of the development path of India.
 The public sector was given significant importance.

ai
 Private companies and industries were subject to strict regulations.

e t
 
e eet
It was believed that the government was the sole protector of the people and would work towards social welfare.
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For the two decades there has been a rise in the GDP and per capita income. Poverty has been reduced.

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India had attained the status of middle income country category.
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The life expectancy has reached 65 years. India has followed a different path of development from many
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other countries.

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SLOWaddLEARNERS MATERIAL P Paadd
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Unit 1. Gross Domestic Product and its growth: an introduction
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TWO MARK QUESTIONS

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Define National income
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National income is a measure of the total money
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value of goods and services produced by an
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Per capita income =
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economy over a period of time, normally a year. 5.
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Define the value added approach with example.
In the value added approach the value of each
2.
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intermediate goods is summed to estimate the
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 Gross domestic product is the total value of output

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of goods and services produced by the factors of
Value added method:
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production within the geographical boundaries of

Tea powder + milk + sugar = tea
the country.
6. Write the name of economic policies in India.
3. Write the importance of Gross domestic product.
 Agricultural policy

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Study of economic growth.
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Estimate the purchasing power.
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New economic policy.

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 Study of public sector. 7. Write short note 1) Gross National Happiness,
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Guide to economic planning.
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2) Human Development Index.

4.
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Gross National Happiness:
This term was coined by the king of Bhutan.

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than Gross National product’.

ECONOMICS 222

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EC 10th Social Science

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
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The UN passed a resolution, ‘Happiness is a
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Per capita income: Per capita income is obtained
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by dividing the National income by the population

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2) Human Development Index:
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The HDI is a composite index of life expectancy a
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of the country.

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at birth, adult literacy rate and standard of living
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money income received before direct taxes.
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measured as a logarithmic function of GDP, adjusted
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to purchasing power parity.

FIVE MARK QUESTIONS

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– Direct taxes

2. What are the methods of calculating Gross

1.  riefly explain various terms associated with
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Domestic Product? and Explain its.

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measuring National income.
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Gross National Product: It is the total value of

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goods and services produced by domestic residents
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GDP is measured by adding the expenditure on
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of a country. all the final goods and services produced in the
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Net National Product: If we deduct the value of
depreciation from Gross National Product, we get
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a country.

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Net National Product.
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all the earnings of men and women in the country.

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Gross Domestic Product: It is the total value of
Y = Wages + rent + interest + profit
goods and services produced within the geographical
boundaries of the country. Value added approach: GDP is measured by

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Net Domestic Product: If we deduct the value of adding the value of each intermediate goods used

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Net Domestic Product. eet
depreciation from Gross Domestic Product, we get
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Value of intermediate goods = Value of final goods.

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3. Write any five differences between the growth and development.
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Concept
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Economic growth is the 'Narrower'
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concept
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Nature of Approach Quantitative in nature Qualitative in nature

Term / Tenure Short term in nature Long – term in nature
Applicability Developed nation Developing economies

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Measurement Techniques
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Increase in national income Increase in real national income i.e. Per capita

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income
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Continuous process

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4. Explain the following the economic policies.
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3) New Economic policy
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Agricultural policy:
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Agricultural policy is the set of government decisions and actions relating to domestic agriculture and imports
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of foreign agricultural products.

  Price policy, Land reform policy, Green revolution, Irrigation policy, Food policy and Agricultural labour policy are
some of the agricultural policies.

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Industrial policy:
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It creates employment and promotes research and development.
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  It boosts agricultural sector, service sector and also trade Eg: Textile industry policy, Sugar industry policy etc.
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New Economic policy: Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalization.
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☺☺☺☺☺

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223 ECONOMICS

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GOVT. QUESTION PAPER - MAY 2022 EC 10th Social Science

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SOCIAL SCIENCE
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.Time:
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assaa Instructions : (1) C

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immediately.
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 heck the question paper for fairness of printing. If there is any lack of fairness, inform the Hall Supervisor
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(2) U
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Note : This question paper contains four parts.
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Note : (i) Answer all the questions. wwww PART - I

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(ii) C
14×1=14

corresponding answer.
1.  Who was the first President of the Madras Mahajana Sabha?

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e t a) T.M. Nair
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b) P. Rangaiah c) G. Subramaniam d) G.A. Natesan

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2.  In Tamil Nadu, who led a Salt March from Tiruchirappalli to Vedaranyam? .N
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c) C. Rajaji
a) C.R. Das

aassb) Motilal Nehru

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a) Lenin
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3.  Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism?
b) Marx
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a c) Sun-Yat-Sen d) Mao Tsetung

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4.  When did the Vellore Revolt break out?
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a) 24 May 1805 b) 10 July 1805 c) 10 July 1806 d) 10 September 1806
5. Find the correct statements.
(i) The Palayakkarars system was in practice in the Kakatiya Kingdom.

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(ii) Puli Thevar recaptured Nerkattumseval in 1764 after the death of Khan Sahib.

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(iii) Yusuf Khan who was negotiating with the Palayakkarars, without informing the Company administration was charged
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with treachery and hanged in 1764.
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(iv) Ondiveeran led one of the army units of Kattabomman.
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a) (i), (ii) and (iv) b) (i), (ii) and (iii) c) (iii) and (iv) only d) (i) and (iv) only
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6. Pick the odd one out.
a) Khadar
P Paadd b) Bhangar
P Paadd
c) Alluvial Soil d) Black Soil

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7.  Manganese is used in ________ .
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a) Storage batteries b) Steel making
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8.  Which of the following passes is not located in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu?
a) Palghat b) Shencottah c) Bhorghat d) Achankoil
9.  _________ is known as “The Textile Capital of Tamil Nadu”.
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a) Chennai b) Trichy
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10. The Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar separates India from ________ .

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c) Sri Lanka i
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a) Goa b) West Bengal d) Maldives
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11. Under which Article financial emergency can be proclaimed?
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a) Article 352
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c) Article 360 d) Article 368
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12. The minimum age for the membership of Legislative Council is ________ .
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a) 25 years b) 21 years c) 30 years d) 35 years
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13. Indian Government had introduced ________ in 1991.

a) Globalization b) World Trade Organisation
c) New Economic Policy d) None of the above

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14. Choose the correct statement.
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GST : (i) GST is the ‘one point tax’.
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(ii) This aims to replace all direct taxes levied on goods and services by the Central and State Governments.

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(iii) It was implemented from 1st July 2017 throughout the country.

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(iv) It will unify the tax structure in India.
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a) (i) and (ii)
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PART - II

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Note : Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory.10×2=20
15. How did Great Depression impact on the Indian Agriculture? [HIS-2]

Govt. Exam 255

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EC 10th Social Science

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16. List the social evils eradicated by Brahmo Samaj. [HIS-5]
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17. Name the territories annexed by the British under the Doctrine of Lapse. [HIS-7]

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18. Estimate Periyar as a feminist. [HIS-10]
a
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19. Describe the Pearl Harbour incident. [HIS-3]
a
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20. Explain the island group of Lakshadweep. [GEO-1]
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21. Explain the cropping seasons of Tamil Nadu. [GEO-7]
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22. Name the areas which receive heavy rainfall in Indian. [GEO-2]
23. State the boundaries of Tamil Nadu. [GEO-6]
24. What are the qualifications of judges of the Supreme Court? [CIV-2]
25. List out the member countries of SAARC. [CIV-4]
26. Write the importance of Gross Domestic Product. [ECO-1]

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27. Write some names of the nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu. [ECO-3]

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28. What is corporate tax? [ECO-4]

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PART - III .N
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Note : Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory.10×5=50
a

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29. Fill in tha blanks :

PPaadd P Padd
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(i) The new state of Albania was created according to the Treaty of ___ signed in May 1913. [HIS-1]

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(ii) The soil which is rich in iron oxides is _________ . [GEO-3]

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(iii) The most abundant source of energy is _________ . [GEO-4]
(iv) _________ is a buffer country between India and China. [CIV-5]
(v) _________ is an important indicator of nutrition deficiency. [ECO-3]

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30. Discuss the main causes of the First World War. [HIS-1]
31. Write an essay on the role played by the 19th century reformers towards the cause of women. [HIS-5]

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32. (a) Distinguish between :
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(i) Weather and Climate [GEO-1]
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(ii) Alluvial Soils and Black Soils [GEO-3]

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(b) Give reasons : [GEO-1]

a s
a s
Himalayas are called ‘young fold mountains’.
a s
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as
aadd aadd
33. Mention the differences between Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
P P P P
[CIV-1]

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34. Discuss the reasons behind the partition of India. [HIS-8]

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35. Write about South west monsoon. [GEO-2]
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36. What are the major issues faced by farmers in India? [GEO-3]
37. What are the duties and functions of the Prime Minister of India? [CIV-2]
38. What are the powers and functions of the Chief Minister? [CIV-3]
39. Write about the positive impact and negative impact of Globalization. [ECO-2]

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40. What is black money? Write the causes of black money. [ECO-3]

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41. Draw a Time-line for the following :
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Note : Blind candidates have to write only notes for the questions related to Time-line Chart and Map.

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Write any five important events between 1920 and 1940. [HIS-3]

a s
42. Mark the following places on the Map of India.
a
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(i) 
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Delhi. (ii) Gwalior (iii) 
Jhansi
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(iv) Banaras
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Note : Answer the following questions. 2×8=16
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43. (a) (i) Explain about structure and composition of the League of Nations. [HIS-1]
(ii) Write the programme of Non-cooperation movement. [HIS-8] (OR)
(b) Write in detail about women’s movements. [HIS-10]
Note : Blind candidates have to write only notes for the questions related to Map.

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44. (a) Mark the following places on the given outline map of India.

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.N i) Palk Strait
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.N ii) Ganga
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iii) Western Ghats

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iv) Alluvial soil region (1) v) Karakoram vi) Direction of South west monsoon wind

a
vii) Paddy growing region (1)
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viii) Mountain forests
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(OR)

i) G ulf of Manner P
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(b) Mark the following places on the given outline map of Tamil Nadu.
iii) Nilgiris
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iv) River Kaveri v) Bay of Bengal vi) Chennai
vii) Birds Sancturay (1) viii) Paddy growing region (1)
-o0o-

Govt. Exam 256

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