PODAR INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL

Practice Sheet (Answer scheme)

Name: Std: X Date:

Subject: Science Topic: Light - Reflection and Refraction

1. The speed of light in vacuum is _____________

(a) 3×108 km/s
(b) 3×10-8 m/s
(c) 3×108 m/s
(d) 3×10-8 km/s
Ans: 3×108 m/s

2. Sujeet places an object at the focus of a convex lens.

The image of the object will form:
(a) at 2F
(b) at focus
(c) between F and 2F
(d) at infinity
Ans: (d) at infinity

3. The angle between an incident ray and the reflecting surface is 42°. What will be
the total angle between the incident ray and the reflected ray?
(a) 42
(b) 55
(c) 84
(d) 96
Ans: (d) 96

4. Rohit cuts a sphere of the radius of 15 cm to make a concave mirror.

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 The focal length of the mirror will be ____________.
(a) 5.5 cm
(b) 7.5 cm
(c) 15.7 cm
(d) 25.8 cm
Ans: (b) 7.5 cm

5. A student focussed the image of a candle flame on a white screen by placing the
flame at various distances from a convex lens.
He noted his observation as:
Distance of flame Distance of the screen
from the lens (cm) from the lens (cm)
60 20
40 24
30 30
24 40
15 70
From the above table, find the focal length of lens without using lens formula:
(a) 15 cm
(b) 30 cm
(c) 40 cm
(d) 60 cm
Ans: (a) 15 cm

6. Rakhi conducts an experiment to produce an image of an object on a screen which

is placed at 20 cm from the lens. She uses a convex lens of focal length 15 cm for
the experiment.
Where should she place the object in order to produce the sharpest image?
(a) 20 cm in front of the lens
(b) 8 cm in front of the lens
(c) 15 cm in front of the lens

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 (d) 60 cm in front of the lens
Ans: (d) 60 cm in front of the lens

7. Power of a lens is -4D, its focal length is

(a) 4m
(b) -40 m
(c) -0.25 m
(d) -2.5 m
Ans: (c) - 0.25 m

8. The image shows the path of incident rays to a concave mirror.

Where would the reflected rays meet for the image formation to take place?
(a) Between O and F
(b) Beyond C
(c) Between C and F
(d) Behind the mirror
Ans: (c) Between C and F

9. The power of a combination of two lenses in contact is + 1.0 D. If the focal length
of one of the lenses of combination is +20.0 cm, the focal length of the other lens
would be:
(a) - 20.0 cm
(b) - 25.0 cm
(c) - 120.0 cm
(d) + 80.0 cm
Ans: (b) - 25.0 cm

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10. The image shows the path of light travelling through a glass slab.

What causes the ray of light to deviate from its original path?
(a) change in the amount of light
(b) change in the direction of wind flow
(c) change in the temperature of the air
(d) change in the density of the medium
Ans: (d) change in the density of the medium

For the questions 19 and 22, two statements are given – one labelled Assertion (A)
and the other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from
the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below:
(a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(b) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of the assertion (A).
(c) (A) is true but (R) is false.
(d) (A) is false but (R) is true.

11. Assertion: The convex mirror is used as a rear-view mirror.

Reason: The convex mirror always forms an enlarged image.
Ans: (A) is true but (R) is false.

12. Assertion: Power of a convex lens is positive.

Reason: A convex lens always forms a virtual image.
Ans: (A) is true but (R) is false.

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13. Assertion: Light travels faster in glass than in air.
Reason: Speed of light in is higher in a rarer medium than a denser medium.
Ans: (A) is false but (R) is true.

14. Assertion: Mirror formula can be applied to a plane mirror.

Reason: A plane mirror is a spherical mirror of infinite focal length.
Ans: Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of the assertion (A).

15. If an object is placed at the focus of the concave mirror, where is the image
formed?
Ans: At infinity

16. Define the refractive index of the medium.

Ans: Refractive index of the medium is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum or air
to the speed of light in the medium.

17. What is the nature of the image formed by a concave mirror if the magnification
produced by the mirror is +3?
Ans: The magnification has a plus sign (it is +3), therefore nature of image is
virtual and erect.
18. A concave lens has a focal length of 20 cm. Calculate its power.
Ans: f = - 20 cm, f=-0.20 m

𝟏 𝟏
P= 𝒇 = −𝟎.𝟐𝟎 = -5 D

19. The radius of curvature of a spherical mirror is 30 cm. What will be its focal length?
Ans: f= R/2 = 30/2 = 15 cm

20. Determine the focal length of a convex mirror which produces an image which is
16.0 cm behind the mirror when the object is 32 cm from the mirror.
Ans: v = +16 cm, u = - 32 cm, f=?

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =
𝐯 𝐮 𝐟

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =
𝟏𝟔 −𝟑𝟐 𝐟

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 𝟏 𝟏
=
𝟑𝟐 𝐟
𝐟 = 𝟑𝟐 𝐜𝐦

21. A concave mirror produces three times magnified real image of an object placed at
10 cm in front of it. Where is the image located?
Ans: Magnification, m =-3 (real image)
Object distance u =-10 cm
Image distance v = ?
𝐯
𝐦= −
𝐮
𝐯
−𝟑 = −
−𝟏𝟎
-3 × -10 = -v
v=-30 cm
Thus, image located at a distance of 30 cm in front of the mirror (left side of
the mirror)

22. The radius of curvature of a convex mirror is 20 cm. The size of the image formed is
half to the size of the object. Find the distances of the object and image.
Ans: f = R/2 = 20/2 = +10 cm (as convex mirror)
m = +0.5 (+ve as only upright image are formed in convex mirror)

𝐯
𝐦= −
𝐮

𝐯 = −𝟎. 𝟓𝐮 ......(1)
Since,
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =
𝐯 𝐮 𝐟

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
+ =
−𝟎. 𝟓𝐮 𝐮 𝟏𝟎

−𝟏 𝟏
=
𝐮 𝟏𝟎

𝐮 = −𝟏𝟎 𝐜𝐦

Since,
𝐯 = −𝟎. 𝟓𝐮....(from 1)

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 𝐯 = (−𝟎. 𝟓) × (−𝟏𝟎)
𝐯 = 𝟓𝐜𝐦

23. Copy and complete the ray diagram to show the formation of image. Also state the
position, size and nature of image formed.

Ans:

Position of image Size Nature

Behind the mirror, Diminished Virtual and erect
between pole and focus

24. The image of a candle flame formed by a lens is obtained on a screen placed on
the other side of the lens. If the image is three times the size of the flame and the
distance between the lens and image is 80 cm, at what distance should the candle
be placed from the lens?
Ans: Image is real
Image distance(v) = + 80cm
Magnification(m) = - 3
Object distance, u = ?

v
Magnification =
u

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 −𝟖𝟎
u= cm
𝟑

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
Lens formula: 𝐟 = 𝐯 − 𝐮
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑
= −
𝐟 𝟖𝟎 −𝟖𝟎

𝟏 𝟏
=
𝐟 𝟐𝟎

f = 𝟐𝟎 cm

25. Sudha finds that a sharp image of the windowpane of her science laboratory is
formed at a distance of 15 cm from the lens. She now tries to focus the building
visible to her outside the window instead of the windowpane without disturbing
the lens. In which direction will she move the screen to obtain a sharp image of the
building? What is the approximate focal length of this lens?
Ans: She will move the screen towards the lens such that the final image is at the
focus. The focal length will be slightly less than 15 cm as the building can be
treated as an object at infinite distance.

26. A child reads the words of a book with the help of a convex lens keeping it close to
the book. He observes that the words appear enlarged and erect when he gradually
withdraws the lens away from the book. At one position, the words again become
distinctly visible but this time, they are enlarged and inverted. Explain this difference
with the help of a ray diagram for both the cases.
Ans: When a child holds the book between the optical centre O and F1, an enlarged,
virtual and erect image is formed as shown below.

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 Again when the child holds the book between F1 and 2F1, words again become
distinctly visible as the image is formed beyond 2F2, and it is real, inverted and
enlarged as shown below.

27. In an experiment with a rectangular glass slab, a student observed that a ray of light
is incident at an angle of 55° with the normal on one face of the slab. After refraction
this ray strikes the opposite face of the slab before emerging out into air making an
angle of 40° with the normal. Draw a labelled diagram to show the path of this ray.
What value would you assign to the angle of refraction and angle of emergence?
Ans: Here OA is the incident ray.
The angle of incidence for the first surface (air-glass interface), i=55°
The angle of incidence for the second surface (air-glass interface), r2=40°

r1 and r2 are alternate interior angles,

∴ ∠r1 =∠r2 = 40°

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 So, the angle of refraction at first surface r1=40°

Since, the emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray, the angle of emergence
must be equal to angle of incidence, i.e.,
∠θ = ∠i =55°

air

glass

28. An object is kept at a distance of 18 cm, 20 cm, 22 cm and 30 cm respectively from a

lens of power +5D.
(i) In which case or cases would you get a magnified image?
(ii) Which of the magnified images can be formed on a screen?
Ans: Power of lens = + 5 D
𝟏 𝟏
∴𝐟= = = +𝟎. 𝟐 𝐦 = +𝟐𝟎 𝐜𝐦
𝐏 +𝟓
(i) We would get a magnified image only when the object is kept at a
distance of 18 cm, 20 cm and 22 cm respectively.
(ii) The object at the positions of 20 cm and 22 cm will produce a
magnified image on a screen.

29. A student performs an activity to investigating the phenomenon of refraction of

light using a glass slab. During this activity he incident a ray of light from point A as
shown in the figure. He is observed, when a light ray goes from one transparent
medium to another transparent medium; it suffers a change in direction, in the

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 second medium. The extent of the change in direction that takes place in a given
pair of media expressed in terms of the refractive index. The refractive index is
related to an important physical quantity - the relative speed of light in different
media.

(i) Refractive indices of water, sulphuric acid, glass and carbon disulphide are 1.33, 1.43,
1.53 and 1.63 respectively.
In which medium, light will travel the slowest?
Ans: carbon disulphide

(ii) Light enters from air into the glass. The refractive index of the glass is 1.50. The speed
of light in vacuum is 3 × 108 ms −1. What will be the speed of light in glass?
Ans: 𝝁=
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒗𝒂𝒄𝒖𝒖𝒎
𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒇 𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒊𝒏 𝒈𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒔
𝟑 ×𝟏𝟎𝟖
Speed of light glass = 𝟏𝟓𝟎
= 𝟐 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝐦𝐬−𝟏

(iii) Why does the refractive index not have a unit, and how does this property impact
the way we understand light's behaviour in different mediums?
Ans: The refractive index is unitless because it represents a ratio of the
speed of light in a vacuum to its speed in a specific medium. This
property simplifies calculations and comparisons across different
mediums, allowing scientists and engineers to focus on the
fundamental behaviour of light without being concerned with specific
units of measurement.

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30. A student took three concave mirrors of different focal lengths and performed the
experiment to see the image formation by placing an object at different distance
with these mirrors as shown in the following table.
Case No. Object - distance Focal length
I 45 cm 20 cm
II 30 cm 15 cm
III 20 cm 30 cm
Now answer the following questions:
(i) List two properties of the image formed in Case I.
Ans: In case (I), object is beyond C. For concave mirrors, when the object is
outside C, the image will be between C and E and the image will be
inverted and diminished (smaller than the object).
(ii) In which one of the cases given in the table, the mirror will form real image of same
size and why?
Ans: In case (II), object is at C, so the image formed will be real and of same
size.
(iii) Name the type of mirror used by dentists. Give reason why do they use such type of
mirrors.
Ans: The dentist holds a small concave mirror in such a way that the tooth lies
within its focus. A magnified image of the tooth is then seen by the
dentist in the concave mirror. Since the tooth looks much bigger, in the
concave mirror it becomes easy for the dentist to examine the defect in
the tooth.
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