Cement

Presented by
MD. TANJID HASAN JIM
(Roll:2212016​)
ABU HASAN SARKER
(Roll:2212017​)
MD ASHADUZZAMAN SHUVO
(Roll:2212018​)
Group: F
CEMENT
• Introduction of cement
• Properties of cement Presented by
• Classification of
cement
MD. TANJID HASAN
• Raw materials of JIM
Portland Cement Roll: 2212016
• Chemical composition Group: F
of raw materials
• Functions of raw
materials of cement
Introduction of
cement
• Cement is a cementing or binding
material used in engineering construction
which is manufactured from calcareous
substance (compounds of calcium &
magnesia)
• Clay & lime were first used as cementing
or binding material.
• Issac C. Johnson invented cement by
increasing the temperature at which the
mixture of limestone and clay were burned
to form clinker. This cement was the
prototype of the modern Portland Cement.

One notable example where lime serving

as a key ingredient in the construction of
enduring structures like the Pantheon
Properties of
cement
❖ It gives strength to the masonry
work.
❖ Excellent binding material.
❖ Easily workable.
❖ Good resistance to moisture.
❖ It sets and hardens easily.
Classification of cement
❖ Hydraulic cement: Cement which sets and hardens in water and
give a product which is stable. Example: Portland cement.
❖ Nonhydraulic cement: Cement which does not set and harden in
water such as non hydraulic lime or which are unstable in
water. Example: Portland cement.
❖ Natural cement: It is manufactured by burning and crushing of
natural stones containing 25 to 40% of clay, the reminder
being the carbonate of lime or sometimes of carbonate of
magnesia. Example: Roman cement, Puzzolana cement.
❖ Artificial cement: It is obtained by burning at very high temp. a
mixture of calcareous & argillaceous materials in correct
proposition. Example: Portland cement
 Raw materials

Calcareous Argillaceous
2 1
materials (3) material (3)

Compounds Compound of
Clay
of calcium magnesium

Raw
materials of
Lime stone Shale

Portland Silica
Cement
Alumina

Oxides of iron
 Oxides Composition(%)

CaO 60-65

SiO2 17-25

Al2 O3 3-8

Chemical Fe2 O3 0.5-6

composition MgO 0.5-4

of raw Na2o + K2O 0.5-1.3

materials TiO2 0.1-0.4

P2 O5 0.1-0.2

SO3 1-2
 Lime (CaO):

• It forms about 63% cement.

• To form the required silicates and aluminates of calcium, a
Functions of sufficient quality of lime must be present.
• A deficiency in lime reduces the strength of cement and
raw causes it to set quickly.
• Excess lime makes the cement unsound and causes its to
expand and disintegrate.
materials of
cement Silica (SiO2):

• It imparts strength to cement.

• It increases the setting time.

Alumina(Al2 O3):

• It imparts quick setting property to cement.

• Excess of alumina weakens the cement.
 Magnesia (MgO):
• It imparts hardness.
Functions of • It helps to form color.
raw • Excess will reduce the strength of cement.
materials of • It should not be present more than 2%.
cement Iron Oxides (Fe2 O3):
• It imparts color to Cement.
• It acts as a flux.
• It also imparts hardness and strength to
cement.
 Calcium sulphate (CaSO4):
❖Present in the cement in the form of Gypsum.
❖It slows down the setting action of cement.
❖It increase the initial setting time of cement.
Functions of raw ❖It stabilizes the heat of hydration.
❖If gypsum isn’t present, Alumina will produce
materials of heavy heat and lots of cracks will be
produced.
cement Sulfur trioxide (SO3):
❖ It shouldn’t present more than 2% in cement.
❖ Excess causes cement to become unsound.
Alkalies:
❖ Excess alkaline matter causes efflorescence.
❖ It shouldn’t be present more than 1%.