Unit 5

LIVE AND LEARN N

Lead-in
1. Read the above given quotation. Expand upon its key message.

2. What are the most important factors for success while studying? Rank the
points in order of importance and explain why you think so.

 motivation
 being disciplined
 being organised
 being confident
 being creative
 high IQ
 alertness
 concentration
 natural talent
 being able to cope with pressure and deadlines

3. Use the words in the box to complete the opinions about education below.
• assessment • curriculum • dumbing down • elitism • interpersonal skills
•plagiarism • streaming

1. Education is not about developing your ______________ but about

learning facts.
2. Frequent examinations are a much more reliable and useful way of
measuring performance than continuous ______________.
3. ______________is an excellent idea because it enables students with a
similar ability to work at the same pace.
4. The most important aspect of education is the ______________ , or
subjects which are taught.
5. Private education creates______________and encourages inequality in
society, which is absolutely disgusting.
6. Most cases of ______________ can be avoided by citing sources.
7. Some people believe that it's easier to get good grades nowadays because
education is______________. They claim that qualifications are worth less
than in the past.

4. Read the text and fill in the gaps with words/phrases from the box.

• nutritious • out of hand • overwhelmed • essential • lighten the load • relieve

•grin and bear it • keep things in perspective • positive

What with heavy workloads and pressure to get good grades, many students today
feel 1.______________. Some try to 2. ______________but stress affects their
health all the same. Learning how to manage stress and maintain a 3.
______________ attitude is crucial. But what are the ways to beat those feelings of
stress? Well, to begin with, it is necessary to learn time-management skills. Time-
management is 4. ______________if last-minute exam cramming and assignment
panic is to be avoided. Secondly, busy young people should think of ways to 5.
______________. For example, those with part-time jobs or a lot of extracurricular
activities should seriously consider dropping some of them around exam time.
Thirdly, it is of paramount importance to pay attention to their health.
6. ______________meals and adequate sleep are stress-busters! Exercise too
should not be forgotten. Working-out is a great way to deal with tense muscles and
7. ______________stress. Finally, students should realise that there is never a need
for things to get 8. ______________. Parents, teachers, guidance counsellors and
friends are all there to help and provide support. Often, simply a talk with a loved
one is all it takes to relieve stress and 9. ______________!
Listening
CD 5.1. You will hear a conversation between two students discussing the
subject of local history. For questions 1-7, choose the most appropriate
answer (A, В or C).

1. What does local history study?

A. The history of small towns or villages.
В. How events are affected by their location.
С. How history is seen in different places

2. How is local history different from conventional history?

A. The place is more important than what happened.
В. What happened is as important as who did it.
С. Local history isn't interested in events.

3. Local history
A. deals exclusively with places.
В. takes an interest in everyday life.
С. can be influenced by centres of power.

4. Conventional historians
A. rarely write about working conditions.
В. focus more on events in public life.
С. do not examine how ordinary people lived.

5. Interest in the lives of ordinary people

A. has risen in the last decades.
В. continues to be relatively low.
С. has to do mostly with public lives.

6. What is the aim of local history?

A. To look at the larger picture of history.
В. To teach us about the details of history.
С. To help us understand the significance of people.

7. At the end of the conversation, the man

A. is unconvinced by the woman.
В. is even more confused than before.
С. is considering joining the course. [12]

Language Focus
1. Underline the correct word in the sentences. Use the remaining words in
sentences of your own.
A.
 1. The school is thought highly innovative in that it implements a system of
continuous (tests, assessment, finals) to determine grades.
2. One could hear the sounds of lively (debate, talk, argument) coming from
the room where the philosophy class was being held.
3. My brother, who wants to join the clergy, has just entered a (seminary,
university, college).
4. It was inevitable that the (seminar, lecture, tutorial) would be well-attended
as it was being given by the renowned professor.
5. There's no way I'll be able to come. I've got to hand in a two thousand word
(assignment, project, essay) on the Russian Revolution by Monday
afternoon.
6. Stephen was caught (copying, plagiarising, stealing) from his fellow
student's test paper and was expelled.
7. For tomorrow, please read this short original (article, text, excerpt) from
Dicken's Hard Times and be prepared to discuss it in class.
8. If you're really interested in applying, ask the University to send you a
(syllabus, prospectus, curriculum) for the upcoming year.
B.
1. John's excuse for not doing his homework was that he had been too tired, but
the teacher (dismissed/denied/ ignored/refused) this as nonsense.
2. Gable’s theory (pulled/took/attracted/engaged) a lot of interest from the
scientific community.
3. The (approach/entrance/opening/advent) of new technology is bound to
revolutionize the function of the classroom.
4. Writing is generally considered a more (severe/thorough/demanding/critical)
task than reading.
5. The library will be (sheltered/housed/included/contained) in the old building
on Bridge Street.

2. Fill each gap with the correct particle, then explain the phrasal verbs.

• over • up • behind • off • out

1. Juliet was new to the class and had to do extra work to catch_______with
the others.
2. If you miss school for more than a couple of days, you are in danger of
falling_______with your work.
3. I need to go_______my History notes because we've got a test on Monday.
4. If you don't pay attention, how do you expect to keep _______with the
lesson?
5. Look_______the word in the dictionary if you're not sure what it means.
6. We had to put_______ our Biology field trip because the weather was so
bad.
7. Simon was told_______ severely when his parents saw his school report.
 8. We couldn't work_______ what had gone wrong with our science
experiment, so in the end we had to start again.

3. Match the pairs of adjectives to the nouns to form collocations.

first class/Master's learning

higher/first-rate degree
correspondence/refresher schooling
compulsory/formal certificate
post graduate fees
long-distance/accelerated diploma
tuition/registration course
school-leaving/medical education

 Now use one word from each set to complete the sentences below. Use the
remaining collocations in sentences of your own.

1. _______________learning has proved highly popular in remote parts of

Australia and Canada.
2. In the UK_______________ schooling lasts up until the age of sixteen.
3. Nowadays, a_______________certificate does not necessarily guarantee
someone a place in the job market.
4. Please forward the £100 _______________fee along with your completed
application.
5. Stella already has a Bachelor of Arts but she is now working towards attaining
a_______________degree.
6. My father opened a bank account for me on the day I was born to ensure that I
would receive a _______________ education.
7. Now that I've got this job abroad, I think I had better take
a_______________course in Spanish.
8. It will take him at least a year to earn a _______________diploma in child
psychology.

4. Match items from columns A and В to make idioms and then use them, in
their correct form, to complete the sentences.

A B
1. be the teacher's a. p's and q's
2. mind one's b. one, two, three
3. learn something с. the grade
4. be as easy as d. pet
5. be of the e. the back of one's hand
6. know something like f. old school
7. pass with g. by heart
8. make h. flying colours
9. teach i. one’s own
10. in a class of j. a lesson

1. Now Johnny, if you're coming to see your sister in the school play you’re to
be quiet and_______________.
2. I can remember as a child, the difficult time I had learning my multiplication
tables_______________.
3. My father _______________and believes that some jobs are just not meant
to be done by a man.
4. The children bullied their classmate in the school yard with the cruel chant
of, Suzy_______________.
5. Everybody here is fine and Steve has just finished his finals which
he_______________.
6. If you don't study harder there is no way that you will_______________.
7. I've been studying this list of historical dates for hours and
I_______________.
8. There's nothing to geometry, it _______________.
9. I'm going to _______________that boy _______________he won't forget.
10. Jacob is _______________; his work is always excellent.

Grammar Rehab
1. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.

A Sleepless Night

One night I 1) ............ (be) alone at home with my ten-year-old daughter. She
2) ............ (wake) me up in the middle of the night: “Mum, mum! There 3) ............
(be) a man outside the house. He 4) ............(watch) me through the window!”
I 5) ............ (look) out of the window. I 6) ............ (can) see the shape of a man
outside. Who 7) ............ (be) he? What 8) ............ (he, do) there?
“I 9) ............ (must, get) to the telephone in the hall and telephone the police,” I
10) ............ (think).
I 11) ............ (go) downstairs hardly daring to breathe, afraid that he 12) ............
(hear) my movements. I 13) ............ (reach) for the telephone, 14) ............ (lift)
the receiver and 15) ............ (dial) 999. The police 16) ............ (answer) and I
17) ............ (explain) what 18) ............(happen). They 19) ............ (say) that they
20) ............ (come) at once.
Soon a police car 21) ............ (stop) in front of the house. I 22) ............(hurry)
downstairs and 23) ............ (open) the front door. A police officer 24)............
(come) in.
“What 25) ............ (happen)?” he 26) ............ (ask).
After listening to my story he 27) ............ (go) out, and after a while 28)............
(return).
“It’s all right,” he 29) ............ (say). “I 30) ............ (just, see) that man. He
31) ............ (walk) his dog. By the way, he 32) ............ (live) in the house
opposite.”

2. Use the word in capitals to form a word that fits into the space.

Illiteracy

While the number of adults who remain illiterate are fewer

than ever, it is becoming 1)............ clear that they are more (1)INCREASE
2)............ than such people were in the past. Nowadays the (2)CONVENIENT
written word is so important that without it much information
that is vital for the running of our everyday lives becomes
(3)ACCESS
3)............. Ashamed to admit it, illiterate adults often become
(4)CUSTOM
4) ............ to concealing their ignorance, and 5)............many (5)SEEM
do so with remarkable success. This may be one of the
reasons why Bristol's “Literacy for You” scheme has been
received rather less than 6) ............ Not surprisingly, adults (6)ENTHUSIASM
have some 7)............ about coming forward and openly (7)RESERVE
admitting that they find 8)............ a page of print that a child
(8)COMPREHEND
of seven could read without effort. Programmes for teaching
basic literacy skills to adults need to be sensitively assembled
so as not to discourage or humiliate the learner, who is
probably already experiencing high levels of frustration on a
day to day basis. Reading materials need to be graded
(9) COMPLEX
carefully in terms of 9) ............ and some authentic texts may
require considerable 10) ............before the learner is able to (10) SIMPLE
handle them.

3. Fill in the gaps with the correct preposition.

Teenage Wonder

Tony Zucci of Manchester Rovers is the most famous young footballer in the UK.
He has scored 1) ............ 40 goals this season and was voted footballer of the year,
and he's still only 2) ............ his teens.
Two years ago Tony was 3) ............ holiday with his parents 4) ............ a Spanish
seaside resort. He was playing football 5) ............ the beach with some local boys
when football manager Chris Hill, who was there 6) ............ business, spotted him.
7) ............ the end of the holiday, Tony had signed his first contract for
Manchester Rovers.
Tony works hard to keep fit. 8) ............ Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays he
gets up 9) ............ dawn for training. Even 10) ............ the winter months, when
the temperature is often 11) ............ freezing, he never misses a session.
Manchester Rovers now have a five-point lead in the Premier Division, and they
are 12) ............ a lot of pressure to be the first team to win the cup for the third year
13) ............ succession.
We shall know the outcome of the championship 14) ............ the end of next week,
but with Tony Zucci, star striker, 15) ............ the team my money's definitely on
Manchester Rovers.

Reading
Read an extract. For questions 1-7, choose the answer (А, В, С or D) which
you think fits best according to the text.

www.barlows.co.uk

Jack’s father was a cabinet maker, as his father had been, and his father before
him. In fact, nobody could remember a time when the Barlow men had ever done
anything other than make furniture. It therefore went without saying that Jack
would enter the family business. It wasn’t the trade itself that Jack objected to, but
the fact that he would be trapped forever in a place where the monthly cattle
market was the highlight of the social calendar.
Maybe if he hadn’t gone away to university, he would have been happily unaware
of the limitations of his birthplace. Of course, he could view the entire world from
his computer, but the experience of actually living somewhere else was completely
different. He could still remember his amazement at discovering shops that never
closed and nightlife that went on until the morning. His flatmates had teased him a
lot about this. Now their cosy little flat in the city seemed a million miles away.
Jack made up his mind to speak to his parents that evening. He had been putting it
off for far too long. He knew that his mother would understand how he felt; she
had moved here from the city after marrying his father. But his father, born and
bred in the small town of Tadworth and proud of it, would be a harder nut to crack.
Jack practised his argument again and again in his head, trying to guess his father’s
objections and plan what he would say in reply.
Jack waited until his father had finished his dinner before he carefully raised the
subject of his future career. “Dad, you know how much I enjoy my work,” he
began, “and I do think I’m quite good at it, but I just can’t imagine staying here in
Tadworth my entire life.” There, he’d said it. It hadn’t been as difficult as he’d
imagined. His father looked at him. “I was wondering how long it would take
you,” he said. “I’ve been waiting since you came back from university.” Suddenly.
Jack did not need his carefully rehearsed argument.
“We’re going to bring the business into the 21st century!” his father proudly
announced. Jack could only stand there open-mouthed as his father described his
plans. These included setting up a website, expanding their product range and, the
biggest challenge of all, targeting the international market as well as the UK. “You
can’t beat quality craftsmanship, son,” his father boasted. “Plenty of people will
pay extra to have a unique piece, not those flat-pack excuses for furniture.”
Although they would stay in the family house and keep the existing workshop, the
business headquarters would be in the city. These would include a showroom,
which would be Jack’s mother’s responsibility. Here, their furniture would be
displayed in richly decorated interiors, to emphasise the superior quality of their
products. Jack would manage the marketing department where he would finally be
able to use his business degree.
Two years later, Jack was relaxing in front of the television in his city centre flat
when he happened to see one of the advertisements he had helped make for
‘Barlow’s. As the town of Tadworth came into view, Jack stared at the screen. He
had seen this advertisement many times, but had always been busy examining it
from a marketing point of view. Now, as he watched, the soundtrack drifted into
the background and he found himself focusing on scenes from his childhood. He
could make out the lane behind the school and the old mansion up on the hill —
the “Haunted House”. Now the camera was moving across the river. He
remembered the days that he used to spend there, fishing with his friends. The
picture changed to an advert for a mobile phone. Jack turned the television off and
sat back in his chair, deep in thought.

1. Jack was unenthusiastic about entering the family business because

A. he felt he was being forced to enter it.
B. he didn't think he would be a good cabinet maker.
C. he didn't want to stay in his home town.
D. he wanted to have a more exciting career.

2. The writer suggests that when Jack moved away from his home town, he
A. appreciated it more.
B. had more experiences and opportunities.
C. changed his ambitions for the future.
D. discovered who he really was.

3. When the writer says that Jack's father “would be a harder nut to crack” in
paragraph three, he means that
A. he would never agree with Jack.
B. he would be very disappointed with Jack.
C. he couldn't predict his reaction.
D. it would take some effort to persuade him.

4. Jack didn't argue with his father because

A. he was too nervous to speak.
B. his father unexpectedly agreed with him.
C. he had forgotten what he had planned to say.
D. his father didn't understand what he was trying to say.

5. Jack's father believed the company would be successful in the future mainly
because of
A. a demand for mass-produced furniture.
B. the development of a company website.
C. the production of home-assembled pieces.
D. a demand for individually hand-crafted items.

6. The purpose of the showroom would be to

A. recreate magnificent room settings.
B. emphasise the excellence of the furniture.
C. give Jack a suitable role in the company.
D. make the company better known to the public.

7. While he was watching the advertisement for Barlow's, Jack

A. was reminded of why he had left Tadworth.
B. realised how successful the company had become.
C. became nostalgic about his childhood.
D. began to regret leaving Tadworth.
[1]

Speaking
Speak for 2 minutes about the aims of education. Think about the following
aims:

 to develop understanding of other people/cultures

 to learn social skills
 to prepare for life in the workplace
 to become aware of how the past has affected the present
 to develop critical thinking

Writing
Write a paraphrase of each quotation (50-70 words). Say whether you agree
or not, and why.
“Education is a progressive discovery of our own ignorance.” Will Durant (U.S.
historian)

“Education makes a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive; easy to govern but
impossible to enslave.”
Henry Peter (Scottish politician)

Additional task
1. Study Exam Skills in Appendix 1.
2. Before doing Test 5 read article 5.1 in Appendix 3.

Test 5
Listening
CD Test 5. You will hear John Lister, a counsellor at a university in Britain,
giving advice on money matters to a new intake of university undergraduates.
For questions 1-10 complete the sentences with a word or short phrase.

Students can borrow money for living expenses from the 1. __________________.
Payments are usually made to students each 2. __________________.
Students can obtain a personal 3. __________________from the Internet.
He suggests choosing a bank with good 4. __________________ facilities.
John thinks that working 5. __________________ a week is enough.
It is important to make sure you 6. __________________between work and
study.
Students are advised to talk to their 7. __________________before buying
books. Students can buy 8. __________________ from students in higher years.
They should also consult the 9. __________________in their department.
John tells students to make full use of their 10. __________________card.

Reading
Read the text. For questions 1-6, choose the answer (А, В, С or D) which you
think fits best according to the text.

The Slate Quarry

Bethesda used to be at the heart of the Welsh slate industry. The famous dark blue-
green stone, used for roof and floor tiles, had been exported all over the world
during the 19th century. The nearby quarry, now deserted, had been the world’s
biggest at nearly a mile long and 1,200 feet deep. It was a spectacular sight, a man-
made Grand Canyon. The area still provided a source of income for the residents of
Bethesda, as numerous outdoor activity centres had been set up around the town.
David’s speciality was rock-climbing. Climbing had become more popular
recently, along with other the so-called ‘extreme sports’. David believed this was
because of television. The advanced cameras used by the television companies
could show spectacular images of hang-gliders taking off from the tops of
mountains or climbers hanging from a cliff by their fingertips. David worried that
these sports, which actually required years of dedicated practice, were shown as
being deceptively easy. Annoyingly, because of this, he had to spend the first
morning of each course lecturing the participants on the dangers involved.
North Wales is one of the most beautiful regions of Britain. However, it rains
regularly, even throughout the summer. Slate becomes dangerously slippery in the
rain, and David made sure that his climbers used safety ropes and harnesses at all
times. That day he was leading a group of seven teenagers from a town near
London. As he tried to demonstrate the equipment, they continually mocked his
accent and whispered to one another. At times, David muttered angrily to himself
in his native Welsh language, knowing that they wouldn’t understand a word.
The three girls in the group had soon understood the technical procedures and
David was pleasantly surprised at how well they worked as a team. The boys were
a different kettle of fish entirely. They argued over who would go first and then
over who had done the best. By the time David and the boys returned to the quarry
floor, they were running almost an hour late. David announced that they were
going back to the hostel immediately, despite loud complaints from the girls. The
original plan had been to stop off in the town for a bit of shopping on the way
back.
David was too irritated to argue, and stormed off towards the hostel. He phoned a
couple of friends, in an attempt to drown out the teenagers’ complaining.
Suddenly, one of the boys was pulling at his arm. “Sir, Sir! The girls, Sir, they’ve
run off!” The girls, it seemed, had decided to arrange their own shopping trip.
David was immediately gripped by a sense of panic. It was easy to get lost in these
hills, and now it was beginning to get dark.
As the group marched on, the weather steadily worsened. Within minutes a light
drizzle had turned into driving rain, which didn’t surprise David at all. He knew
that one minute the sun could be shining in these hills and the next the sky could
be covered with big, black clouds. He had no choice but to alert the Mountain
Rescue Team.
David tried to prepare himself for the inevitable questioning, and of course the
deserved criticism. He spoke to the operator in Welsh as the boys looked on.
Suddenly, David sighed with relief. The operator had informed him that the girls
were safe and well. They had already reached the town centre safely and had
stopped a policeman to ask where to catch the bus back to the hostel.

1. The writer tells us that the residents of the town of Bethesda

A. couldn't survive without the slate industry.
B. were starting to move away from the area.
C. now arranged sight-seeing trips around the slate quarry.
D. were continuing to benefit from the slate quarry.

2. David suggests that his job had been made more challenging because of
A. the higher numbers of people in his classes now.
B. the way the media presented extreme sports.
C. the new, stricter safety rules he had to follow.
D. the very difficult climbs around Bethesda.

3. David got annoyed while teaching the teens because

A. they were making fun of him.
B. they didn't seem to understand him.
C. the weather was so wet and miserable.
D. they didn't follow his safety instructions.

4. David cancelled the shopping trip because

A. the boys' bad behaviour had wasted too much time.
B. he was fed up of the girls' complaining.
C. the boys didn't want to go shopping.
D. he hadn't finished the teens' lesson.

5. David didn't notice the girls leave because

A. they had told him they were going back to the hostel.
B. he had decided not to pay attention to them for a while.
C. the sun was setting and it was difficult to see anything.
D. he was busy helping some of the boys.

6. In the final paragraph, the writer suggests that David

A. was more angry about the incident than worried.
B. was surprised the girls were found so quickly.
C. thought people would say the incident was his fault.
D. wished he hadn't phoned the Mountain Rescue Team. [1]

Speaking

Some people say that online education is an excellent alternative to

traditional education. But other people believe that virtual education
cannot substitute traditional one.

Discuss both views and give your own opinion. Give reasons for your answer and
include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Speak for 2 minutes!
Writing
Answer the following question:

Do you think learning will ever take place without teachers?

Write 50-70 words.

Use the following plan:
- make an introduction expressing your personal opinion
- give 2-3 arguments to support your position
- make a conclusion restating your position
(Do NOT copy the question.)

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