CLASS - 10

Circles
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 Circles

What is a Circle?
A figure made by all the points which are at the same distance
from a fixed point is called a circle.
 Parts of Circle

Radius
The distance from any point on the circle to the fixed point is the
radius. Any line segment which joins the centre and any point on
the circle is known as the radius.
 Parts of Circle

Chord
Any line segment made by joining any two points on the
boundary of the circle is called Chord.

Diameter
Any line segment passing through the center of the circle
which joins any two points on the boundary of the circle
is called diameter.
Diameter = 2 x Radius
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True or False
a) Every chord is a diameter.
b) Every diameter is a chord.
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Circle and a Line in a Plane

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Tangent
WHen a line touches the circle in such a way
that they have only one common point then that
line is called a tangent. that common point is
called the point of contact.

Secant
When a line intersects a circle in such a way that there
are two common points then that line is called Secant.
 Circles

For every given secant of a circle, there are exactly two

tangents which are parallel to it and touches the circle at
diametrically opposite points.
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Theorem
The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius
through the point of contact.

Note
At any point on a circle there can be one and only one
tangent.
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Number of tangents from a point outside the circle.
There are exactly two tangents to a circle through a point lying
outside the circle.
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Theorem - Length of the tangents from an external point to circle
The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle
are equal.
To prove: PA = PB

Construction: Join OA, OB, and OP.

It is known that a tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular

to the radius through the point of contact.
 Circles
OA⊥PA, OB⊥PB

In triangle OPA and OPB

∠OPA=∠OPB
OA=OB(radii)
OP=OP(common)

Therefore triangle OPA is congruent to triangle OPB by RHS

criterion.

Which means PA=PB

1. In the figure points P, Q, R and S lie on a circle. Then the value of x and y
are respectively:

(A) 40° and 100°

(B) 35° and 110°
(C) 50° and 80⁰
(D) 30° and 120°
2. In the given fig the value of x° + y° will be:

(A)60°
(B)25°
(C)50°
(D)30°
3. Radius of a circle is 13cm. A chord is 12cm away from its centre, then
the length of the chord is:

a) 12cm
b) 13cm
c) 5cm
d) 10cm
4. If PA and PB are tangents to the circle with centre O such that
0
∠𝐴𝑃𝐵=50 , find the ∠𝑂𝐴𝐵.
5. How many revolutions will a circular wheel of radius r units will
make to cover a distance 100 times its diameter?

(a) 100 /𝜋
(b) 100𝜋
(c) 200/𝜋
(d) 50
6. Equilateral triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle. If side of the
triangle = 24cm, then the radius is:

(a)6√3cm
(b)12√3cm
(c)8√3cm
(d)6cm
7. In figure, PQ and PR are tangents to the circle with centre O and S
is a point on the circle such that ∠𝑆𝑄𝐿 = 500 and ∠𝑆𝑅𝑀 = 600. Find
∠𝑄𝑆𝑅.
8. In given figure, O is the centre of a circle of radius 5 cm. T is a point such
that OT = 13 cm and OT intersects circle at E. If AB is a tangent to the circle at
E, find the length of AB, where TP and TQ are two tangents to the circle.
9. If from an external point P of a circle with centre O, two tangents
PQ and PR are drawn such that ∠𝑄𝑃𝑅 = 120° , prove that 2PQ = PO.
10. In figure, the sides AB, BC and CA of triangle ABC touch a circle with centre O
and radius r at R, Q and R respectively.
Prove that:
(i) AB + CQ = AC + BQ
(ii) Area (∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) = 1/2 (perimeter of ∆𝐴𝐵𝐶) x r
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