 What is a sentence ?

 A group of words which makes complete sense is called a

sentence .
 શ દોના સમૂહ જ ે પૂરો અથ કરે તે વા ય
e.g. I am a boy -> Assertive sentence (િવધાન વા ય)
S V O

 S- Subject –કતા
 V – Verb - યાપદ
 O- Objedct –કમ
 શું વા ય કમ વગર બની શકે ?
 I am playing -> કમ વગરનું વા ય
 શું વા ય કતા અને કમ બં ે વગર હોઈ શકે ?
 Get out
V
 વા યના કારો :-
 Assertive sentence –િવધાન વા ય
 I am a boy
 Interrogative sentence – ાથ વા ય
 Am I a student ?
 Imperative sentence – આ ાથ વા ય
 Have mercy on us
 Exclamatory sentence – ઉદગાર વા ય
 How cold the night is !
 Tense – Time
સમય

Present Past Future

વતમાન ભૂતકાળ ભિવ ય
(સાદો) Simple Simple Simple
(ચાલૂ) Continuous Continuous Continuous
(પૂવ) Perfect Perfect Perfect
(ચાલૂ પૂણ) Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous Perfect Continuous
 V1 V2 V3 V4 V5
 go went gone going goes
 take took taken taking takes
 give gave given giving gives
 look looked looked looking looks
 (Am, is, are) Present
 (was, were) Past Continuous tense
 (will be, shall be) Future (V4)
 They are going to school  He was going to school.  She will be going to
school
 They are not goes to  He wasn’t going to
 She won’t be going to
school. school school.
 Are they going to  was he going to school ?  Will she be going to
school?  wasn’t he going to school ?
 won’t she be going to
 Are not (aren’t) they school ?
school ?
gone to school?  was he not going to  will she not be going to
 Are they not going to school ? school ?
school ?
 Uses of present continuous
 (1) For an action going on at the time of speaking; as,
She is singing (now).
The boys are playing hockey.
 (2) For an action that has already been arranged to take
place in the near future; as,
I am going to the cinema tonight.
My uncle is arriving tomorrow.
 (3) Important words
“Now, these days, now a days, still, at this time, at this
moment, at present.”
 The following verbs, on account of their meaning, are not
normally used in the continuous form:
(1) Verbs of perception, e.g., see, hear, smell, notice, recognize.
(2) Verbs of appearing. e.g., appear, look, seem.
(3) Verbs of emotion, e.g., want, wish, desire, feel, like, love,
hate, hope, refuse, prefer.
(4) Verbs of thinking, eg., think, suppose, believe, agree,
consider, trust, remember, forget, know, understand,
imagine, mean, mind.
(5) have (= possess), own, possess, belong to, contain, consist
of, be (except when used in the passive), e.g.