SYLLABUS

GRAMMAR
 How to learn
ENGLISH English
ALPHABET

• There are 26 letters in English Alphabet.

• There are 5 Vowels –a, e, i, o, u

• The remaining letters are consonants.

• These 26 letters have 44 sounds out of which 20 are

vowel sounds.
 Use of Capital Letters
A sentence starts with a Capital Letter.
(एक वाक् क� शुरुआ 'Capital Letter' से होती है ।
E.g:- Once upon a time, there lived a king.

'Proper Noun' starts with a Capital Letter.

('Proper Noun' क� शुरुआ 'Capital Letter' से होती है ।
E.g:- Ram, Delhi, Yamuna etc.

'I' is always in Capital Letter.

'I' (म�) हमेशा Capital Letter म� होता है ।
 Use of Capital Letters
Acronyms are in 'Capital Letters'.
(Acronyms 'Capital Letters' म� होते ह�।
E.g:- PM, MLA

The first word of the sentence with double Inverted

Commas start with Capital Letters.
(Double Inverted Comma के अन्द के वाक् के पहले शब् क�
शुरुआ 'Capital Letter' से होती है ।
E.g:- He said, "He and I went to Delhi. There we met the SHO
of Mukherjee Nagar."
 करता है verb पर (on)
(Does) �क्र लेने वाला या िजस
करने वाला
(Action) पर काम हुआ (कमर)
(कतार)
(Doer) (Recipient)
E.g:- 1. I wrote क्य this book.
2. Students read क्य books.
3. Girls tell क्य stories.
4. I love �कसको him.
5. They told क्य the truth.

Subject does Verb on Object. (कतार् �क्रया को कमर् पर करता)

After Verb two questions arise — 'who' and 'whom'. The answer to 'who' and
'whom' is the object. / (Object Verb के बाद उत्पन्'क्य' और '�कसको' का जवाब होता है ।)
 Passive Voice

OBJECT on does SUBJECT

Verb
(�क्र)

1. The book was written by me.

2. Students were taught by him.
3. The case is being investigated by the CBI.
4. I was scolded by my mother.
5. People are fooled by politicians.
 Parts of Speech
Noun (सं�ा)
Pronoun (सवर्ना)
Verb (�क्र)
Adjective (�वशेषण)
Conjunction (संयोजक)
Article (A, An, The)
Preposition (पूव्
र स)ग
Adverb (�क्रया�वशे)
Interjection (�वस्मया�दबोध)
Naming word. It comes in the
place of Subject & Object.
Replaces Noun. It comes in place
of Subject & Object.
Action/ state word.
Qualifies Noun/ Pronoun.
Joining word.
Precedes Noun.
Determines position.
Qualifies the nearest word.
Expresses surprise, pain etc.
 Basic Concept of All Parts of Speech
NOUN
• Noun is a Naming word. (सं�ा 'नाम' है ।)
Comes in the place of subject and object. / (Subject एवं object के स्था पर आता
है ।)
• Article and other determiners should take a noun after them. / (Article और
अन् Determiners (no, one, many etc) के बाद Noun का होना अ�नवायर है ।)

1. Ram is a good boy. 5. To err is human, to forgive divine.

2. Teachers teach students. 6. I did my best.

3. Reading is a good habit. 7. I went for a walk.

4. We prohibit smoking. 8. I am fond of music.

 PRONOUN
Replaces Noun (सं�ा के स्था पर आता है )
Preceded by Followed by
के पहले Verb के बाद

Nominative Case Objective 1. He is a good boy.

Case
He — वह (परु ु के �लए)
2. It is a useful book.
She — वह (स्त के �लए) Him 3. Before giving the
Singular It — यह (�नज�व वस्त एवं Her
जानवर के �लए)
medicine to the
It
I — म� child, shake it
We — हम Me properly (Shake
He, She, It
They — वे Us what!)
का Plural
You — तुम/ तुम लोग / आप / Them
They होता है
आपलोग You 4. I bought some
books. They are
useful.
 PRONOUN

I know him

He loves me
She teaches us
as as
Subject Object
We saw her
You hate them

They like you

 ADJECTIVE

Qualifies Noun or Pronoun. / (सं�ा या सवर्ना के बारे म� कुछ बताता है ।)

1. He is a good boy.

2. She is suffering from lung cancer.

3. It is a five-star hotel.

4. India is a developing country.

5. This is the revised edition.

 Fill in the blanks with A/An
1. An
________ orange 9. A
________ year

2. An
________ eagle An
10. ________ MP

3. An
________ umbrella A
11. ________ DCP

4. A
________ European A
12. ________ ewe

5. A
________ university 13. ________
× honorable men

6. A
________ one-rupee coin 14. ________
× honesty

7. An
________ honest man 15. ________
× water.

8. An
________ ear
 PREPOSITION

• Determines Position (स्था बताता है )

1. The book is on the table.

2. They insisted on going home.

3. India will take on Pakistan tomorrow.

4. This book added feather to my cap.

5. Don't pick up a fight.

 ADVERB

Qualifies the nearest word (�नकटतम शब् के �लए प्रयु होता है ।)

1. I work hard. Hard qualifies work

Adv Verb

2. I work very hard. Very qualifies hard

Adv. Adv.

3. He is very smart. Very qualifies smart

Adv. Adj.

4. Only Rahul came to meet me. Only qualifies Rahul

Adv. Noun

5. Eeven she knows the truth. Even qualifies she

Adv. Pronoun

6. The fan is exactly over your bed. Exactly qualifies over

Adv. Prep.

Simply qualifies because

7. I like him simply because he is honest. Adv. Conj.

8. Sadly, all were dead. Sadly qualifies the whole

sentence
Adv.