Phy

sicall
ayeri
nosimodel
Submi
tt
edby
: Tay
yabaZahi
d.

Submi
tt
edt
o: si
rjawad.

Rol
lno: 23(
mor
)

Cont
ent
:

Def
inat
ion

Sendedandr
ecei
ver

Cabl
es

I
mpor
tance

Responsi
bil
it
y

Pr
otocol
s

Tr
ansmi
ssi
onmedi
um
Dev
icesname

Def
inat
ion:

Thephy
sicall
ayerofosimodeli
sthef
ir
standl
owest
l
ayerofosimodel
.

"
Thephy
sicall
ayer
'sf
unct
ioni
stot
ranspor
tdat
ausi
ng
el
ect
ri
cal
,
mechani
calandpr
ocedur
esi
nter
face.
"

Accor
dingt
otheosimodel
,phy
sicall
ayeri
sthel
ast
l
ayer
.andi
tist
hef
ir
stl
ayerf
rom t
hebot
tom.

Sendersi
de:

Thel
astl
ayerwhi
chaddi
t'
sfunct
ional
it
iesi
sphy
sical
l
ayer
.

Recei
ver
:

Thef
ir
stl
ayerwhi
chaddi
t'
sfunct
ional
it
iesi
sphy
sical
l
ayer
.
Phy
sicall
ayerdeal
swi
tht
ransmi
ssi
onr
awdat
abi
tsov
er
aphy
sicalmedi
um,
suchascopperwi
resorf
iberopt
ics.

Cabl
es:

Di
ff
erentt
ypesofcabl
escanbeusedatt
hisl
ayer
,
i
ncl
udi
ng

t
wist
edpai
rcabl
es(
Ether
netcabl
e)

Coaxi
alcabl
e(e.
gcabl
etel
evi
sioncabl
es)

Fi
veropt
iccabl
es(
e.gf
orhi
gh-
speedi
nter
netconnect
ion)

Thi
schoi
ceofcabl
esdependsonf
act
orsl
ikedat
a
t
ransmi
ssi
onspeed,
dist
anceandenv
ironment
al
consi
der
ati
ons.

Pr
otocol
s:
Phy
sicall
ayeri
ncl
udeEt
her
net
,Wi
fi
,Bl
uet
oot
handUSB,
dependi
ngont
hemedi
um andt
echnol
ogybei
ngut
il
ized
f
orcommuni
cat
ion.

Responsi
bil
it
ies:

Phy
sicall
ayeri
nosimodeli
sresponsi
blef
ort
he
t
ransmi
ssi
onandr
ecept
ionofr
owdat
abet
weendev
ices.

Mai
nResponsi
bil
it
y:

Themai
nResponsi
bil
it
yofphy
sicall
ayeri
sconv
ert
ing
dat
aint
osi
gnal
sfort
ransmi
ssi
onov
ert
hephy
sical
medi
um.

Tr
ansmi
ssi
onmedi
um:

Thet
ransmi
ssi
onmedi
um usedi
nthephy
sicall
ayer
i
ncl
udesopt
ionssuchast
wist
edpai
rcabl
es,
coaxi
al
cabl
e,Fi
beropt
icset
c.

Tr
ansmi
ssi
onmedi
um depends:

Thet
ransmi
ssi
onmedi
um ofphy
sicall
ayeri
sdependson
t
hef
act
orsl
ikebandwi
dth,
dist
ance,
costand
env
ironment
alconsi
der
ati
ons.

Dat
afor
mat
es:

I
tdoesn'
tdeal
swi
thdat
afor
mat
esi
nthet
radi
ti
onalSense.

I
tdoesn'
tdef
inespeci
fi
cdat
afor
mat
esbutr
atherdeal
s
wi
tht
het
ransmi
ssi
onandr
ecept
ionofr
awdat
abi
tsov
er
aphy
sicalmedi
um.

Dev
icesNaml
e:

Dev
icescommonl
yassoci
atedwi
tht
hephy
sicall
ayer
i
ncl
udesnet
wor
kint
erf
acecar
d(NI
CS)
,hubsand
cabl
es(Li
keEt
her
netcabl
esorf
iberopt
ics)

Ty
pesofsi
gnal
sint
hephy
sicall
ayer
I
nthephy
sicall
ayeroft
heOSImodel
,si
gnal
scanbe
cat
egor
izedi
ntot
hreemai
nty
pes:

1.Anal
ogSi
gnal
s:Thesesi
gnal
sar
econt
inuousand
cant
akeanyv
aluewi
thi
nar
ange.Anal
ogsi
gnal
sar
e
usedf
orconv
eyi
ngv
oice,
video,
andot
hercont
inuous
dat
a.

2.Di
git
alSi
gnal
s:Di
git
alsi
gnal
sar
edi
scr
eteand
r
epr
esentdat
ausi
ngbi
nar
yval
ues(
0sand1s)
.Theyar
e
usedf
ort
ransmi
tt
ingdi
git
ali
nfor
mat
ionsuchast
ext
,
i
mages,
andcomput
erdat
a.

3.El
ect
romagnet
icSi
gnal
s:Thesesi
gnal
str
avel
t
hroughv
ari
ousmedi
ums,
suchascabl
esorwi
rel
ess
t
ransmi
ssi
ons.Theyi
ncl
udeel
ect
ri
calsi
gnal
s,r
adi
o
wav
es,
micr
owav
es,
andi
nfr
aredsi
gnal
s,amongot
her
s.