Phonetics: The study of how sounds of human speech are made is known as

phonetics. It help us knowing articulatory, auditory, acoustic process of producing

speech sound.

Phonology: Phonology is the study of selection and organization of sounds in a

particular language. It covers phonemics, diachronic phonology.

Morphology: Morphology is the study of word structure it is the grammar of word.

It is connected with the study and analysis of the structure of the word.

Syntax: Syntax is the grammar of the sentence. It include the study of forming

and understanding correct English sentence.

Semantics: Semantics deals with how meaning is important in a language. It

explain synonym, antonym, homonym, polysemy contradiction transformation of

the language. It small unit is called sememe. Sememe is the smallest functionary

unit of meaning.

Semantics Vs Pragmatics :

Semantics and Pragmatics are two fields of linguistic. Semantics plays attention

to the literal meaning of the words(dictionary meaning) where as pragmatics

concern with the intended meaning of as utterance (what does the speaker

means).

For example: when some one says, ”It is cold here” Semantics will explain the

meaning as dictionary; Pragmatist will explain it by saying the speaker words.

 Key difference of Semantics and Pragmatics:
Semantics
1. Semantics is context independent.
2. Semantics is only concerned with grammar
and vocabulary and conceptual meaning of the
word.
3. In Semantics the meaning of sentence
remains constant whenever a certain
expression is uttered.
4. Semantics has a narrow scope as it only
deals with meaning.
5. Semantics does not consider the context.
Pragmatics
1. Pragmatic is context dependent.
2. Pragmatics is only concerned with the
intending meaning of the word.
3. In Pragmatics the meaning of sentence may
vary as the speaker wants to mean.
4. Pragmatics has a wider scope as it analysis
the context of situation where it occurs.
5. Pragmatics consider the context.