Linguistics: is the scientific study of language

Phonetics: the scientific study of speech sounds in a language

Types of phonetics

• Articulatory phonetics = the study of how speech sounds are made (articulated)

• Acoustic phonetics = the study of the physical properties of speech as sound waves

• Auditory phonetics = the study of the perception of speech sounds

Accents:

- Pronunciation differences in a language.

- Influenced by geographical location, social class, age, and education.
- Examples: British accent, American accent.

Dialects:

- Varieties of a language with differences in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and word order.
- Not just about pronunciation.
- Examples: British English, American English, Australian English.

Number of Sounds in Words:

- love: 4 sounds: l-uh-v-uh

- half: 3 sounds: h-ae-lf
- wrist: 4 sounds: r-i-s-t
- shrink: 5 sounds: sh-r-i-n-k
- ought: 3 sounds: aw-t

Phonology: the study of the systems and patterns of speech sounds in the language

Vocal tract: ends at the mouth and the nose

Oral cavity: the part compressing the mouth

Nasal cavity: the parts that leads to the nose

Articulators: the different parts of the vocal tract

articulatory phonetics: the study of the different parts of the vocal tract

Pharynx: is a tube which begins just above the larynx

Soft palate or velum: allows air to pass through the nose and through the mouth

The hard palate: roof of the mouth

Palatal: is a consonant made with the tongue close to the hard palate

The alveolar ridge: is between the top front teeth and the hard palate

Alveolar: a sound made with the tongue touching the alveolar ridge is called alveolar

The tongue is divided into different five parts

1. tip
2. blade
3. front
4. back
5. root

Dental sounds: made with the tongue touching the front teeth

Bilabial sounds: in which the lips are in contact with each other

Labiodental: are sounds produced when the lips contact the teeth

Active articulators: parts of the mouth that actively move to make speech sounds

Example

- the lower lip

-the tongue.
-The velum

Passive articulators: are parts of the mouth involved in making speech sounds, but they don't move.

Example

-the teeth
-the alveolar ridge
-the palate
-the pharynx.