READING PAPER 2

Time permitted: 60 minutes

Number of questions: 40
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Directions:In this section you will read FOUR different passages. Each one is followed by
10 questions about it. For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D,
to each question. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. Answer all
questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage.
You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your
answers to the answer sheet.

PASSAGE 1 – Questions 1-10

1 Buddhism comes from the word Buddha. Buddha was a person who lived more than two
thousand five hundred years ago in India. His family was rich and he lived in a beautiful
house with many servants. One day when he went out of his house, he looked at the
people and asked himself these questions, “Why are people so unhappy? How can people
be happy?”

2 When he was twenty nine years old, he left his family and his beautiful home and went
out into the world to find the answers to his questions. First, he studied with teachers but
they did not answer his questions. After this, he lived by himself in the forest and he did
not eat for many days. He tried to get away from his body and the world but this did not
give him the answers to his questions. Then he sat down under a tree and he thought. He
sat and thought for forty-nine days and after this time he learned something from himself.
He became the Buddha. His questions were answered.

3 People are unhappy because they want things. They are always looking for food, money
and other things. When people do not want things, then they will be happy. When people
do not want things, they are free. They stop thinking about themselves. They stop thinking
about tomorrow and they are kind to others. These are the teachings of Buddha. Buddha’s

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teachings were not written down until two or three hundred years after his death. Before
this, people just remembered and told them to others.

4 Buddha died when he was eighty years old. During his long life, he travelled to many
places and had many followers. A follower of Buddha is called a Buddhist and some
Buddhist men become monks. Monks do not work and they do not have money. They cut
off all their hair and they wear only a long piece of yellow cloth. They usually do not wear
anything on their feet. Early in the morning, monks walk along the street carrying a bowl.
They cannot ask for food but people stop them and give them food. The life of a monk is
not easy. They spend their time spraying and thinking and trying to get away from the
world. They try to follow the teachings of Buddha.

5 8AIn Thailand, any man can be a monk and many become monks for a short time,
usually the three months of the wet season. 8B They leave their families and go to live and
study in a temple. 8CAfter three months they go back to their own lives, although some
remain monks and study the teachings of Buddha their whole lives.8D

6 Since the time of the Buddha, women have also given their lives to Buddhism. These
women are called nuns. Some of them pray and study Buddhism, some study the great
Buddhist writings and others help the poor.

7 there is more than one kind of Buddhism. While all Buddhists follow the Buddha’s
teachings, Buddhism developed differently in each of the many countries it spread to.
Buddhism started in Asia but today it has spread to Western countries.

1. What is the word “servant” best replaced by

A. flatmate
B. worker
C. supporter
D. footman
2. Buddha left his house because
A. He did not like his parents.

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B. he wanted to find out why people were not happy.
C. he wanted to travel.
D. he wanted to meet more unhappy people.
3. Why did Buddha decide not to eat for many days?
A. He wanted to persuade other people not to eat.
B. He did not want to spend money on food.
C. He wanted his soul to escape from his body.
D. He wanted to focus his thoughts on the world.
4. In which paragraph does the author present the answer to happiness?
A. Paragraph 1
B. Paragraph 2
C. Paragraph 3
D. Paragraph 4
5. Which sentence is not TRUE about Buddha?
A. He died at the age of 80.
B. He found the answers to his questions while being under a tree.
C. He came from a rich family.
D. All his teachings were written down right after his death.
6. Which sentence is not true about monks?
A. They do not have to work to earn money.
B. They spend most of the time spraying.
C. When they are monks, they have to be monks for all their life.
D. The most common time to be a monk is in the rainy season.
7. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?
A. The reasons why monks do not need to work for money
B. The reasons why monks have to spray for most of their time
C. Characteristics of a monk’s life
D. The reasons why life of a monk is not easy.
8. Look at paragraph 5, where the following sentence can be added?
Their time spent being a monk is very important for Thai men.
A. 8A
B. 8B

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C. 8C
D. 8D
9. What does “them” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A. monks
B. buddhists
C. women
D. nuns
10. What is the topic of the passage?
A. The life story of Buddha
B. The life story of monks
C. The importance of Buddhism
D. The origin of Buddhism

PASSAGE 2 – Questions 11-20

If you can read a clock, you can know the time of day. But no one knows what time itself
is. We cannot see it. We cannot touch it. We cannot hear it. We know it only by the way
we mark its passing. For all our success in measuring the smallest parts of time, time
remains one of the great mysteries of the universe. One way to think about time is to
imagine a world without time. There could be no movement, because time and movement
cannot be separated. A world without time could exist only as long as there were no
changes. For time and change are linked. We know that time has passed when something
changes.

In the real world, the world with time, changes never stop. Some changes happen only
once in a while, like an eclipse of the moon. There's happen repeatedly, like the rising and
setting of the sun. Humans have always noted natural events that repeat themselves. When
people began to count such events, they began to measure time. In early human history, the
only changes that seemed to repeat themselves evenly were the movements of objects in
the sky. The most easily seen result of these movements was the difference between light
and darkness.

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The sun rises in the eastern sky, producing light. It moves across the sky and sinks in the
west, causing darkness. The appearance and disappearance of the sun was even and
unfailing. The periods of light and darkness it created were the first accepted periods of
time. We have named each period of light and darkness: one day.

People saw the sun rise higher in the sky during the summer than in winter. They counted
the days that passed from the sun's highest position until it returned to that position. They
counted three hundred and sixty-five days. We now know that is the time Earth takes to
move once around the sun. We call this period of time a year.

Early humans also noted changes in the moon. As it moved across the night sky, they must
have wondered ban khoan: Why did it look different every night? Why did it disappear?
Where did it go? Even before they learned the answers to these questions, they developed
a way to use the changing faces of the moon to tell time. The moon was "full" when its
face was bright and round and "new" when it was almost entirely dark. The early humans
counted the number of times the sun appeared between full moons. They learned that this
number always remained the same, about twenty-nine suns. Twenty-nine suns equaled one
moon. We now know this period of time as one month.

Early humans hunted animals and gathered wild plants. They moved in groups or tribes
from place to place in search of food. Then, people learned to plant seeds and grow crops.
They learned to use animals to help them work, and for food. They found they no longer
needed to move from one place to another to survive. As hunters, people did not need a
way to measure time. As farmers, however, they had to plant crops in time to harvest them
before winter. They had to know when the seasons would change. So, they were forced to
develop calendars. No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems
possible that it was based on moons, or lunar months.

When people started farming, the wise men of the tribes became very important. They
studied the sky. They gathered enough information so they could know when the seasons
would change. They announced when it was time to plant crops.

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11. Why is time such a difficult concept to understand?
A. it's always changing
B. it's always moving
C. it's been misunderstood since prehistory
D. it's not tangible
12. How were early humans able to begin measuring time?
A. by counting the objects in the sky
B. by working both at night and during the day
C. the movements of objects they saw every day
D. by following the sun to the west
13. The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to
A. The sun
B. The eastern sky
C. light
D. darkness
14. How did the concept of seasons become understood?
A. by tracking the sun's movements through the months
B. by noting the differences in temperature
C. by measuring the length of the days
D. with the introduction of early calendars
15. In which paragraph does the writer state the methods of numbering the days?
A. Paragraph 2
B. Paragraph 3
C. Paragraph 4
D. Paragraph 5
16. How would an early human have defined a 'month'?
A. the number of days between a full moon and a new moon
B. the number of days from one phase of the moon's cycle and then back to the same point
again
C. the number of days for the sun and moon to be seen together
D. the number of days between eclipses of the moon
17. Why did the move towards farming require a better understanding of time?

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A. so that crops were grown at the right time of the year
B. because looking after animals required it
C. because they needed to have traditional celebrations at the same time every year
D. because they wanted to know when animals would give birth
18. What is the meaning of the word 'forced' in the penultimate paragraph?
A. the wise men were given no choice
B. the crops wouldn't grow without the calendars
C. time became a lot more important
D. it was critical for survival
19. Why were wise men in the tribes vital in farming?
A. Because they could search for food
B. Because they could foretell the weather changes
C. Because they could announce the time to harvest the crops
D. Because they could state the beginning of the crops
20. What is the main idea of the reading text?
A. How early humans calculated the time
B. How early humans counted the days
C. How important seasons were for early humans
D. How difficult it was to calculate the time

PASSAGE 3 – Questions 21-30

Relatively recent archeological finds have brought about a considerable change in
perception about the Neanderthals. Neanderthals had previously been characterized more
as primitive grunting beasts than as intelligent and compassionate human ancestors.
However, evidence suggests that they may have exhibited more learned skills and social
compassion than had previously been thought.

23AThe Neanderthals lived during a period that extended from at least 40,000 to 100,000
years ago in a variety of environments ranging from relatively warm and dry to extremely
cold areas.23BThe Neanderthals differed from modern man in that they had a stronger and
heavier skeleton and facial structure with a more projecting brow, a broader nose and

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larger teeth. 23CCasts made of Neanderthal brains by archeologists show little difference
in size from those of modern man.23D

It has been known for some time that Neanderthals were rather skilled stone artisans. They
are best known for their production of stone tools, which included a large number of
scrapers and pointed implements. The techniques that the Neanderthals used to prepare
these tools demonstrated a clear and important technological advance over their
predecessors. Edges of their stone tools have been studied under microscopes for evidence
of how the tools may have been used to prepare food, both meat and vegetable; still others,
which resemble many of today’s suede and leather tools, were used to work with animal
skins.

A clearer picture of Neaderthals has come about recently as archeologists have determined
that, in addition to the known ability to develop and employ tools in a rather skilled way,
Neanderthals also exhibited evidence of beliefs and social rituals, aspects of life that were
newly introduced by Neanderthals and provide evidence of humanlide thoughts and
feelings. Neanderthal cemeteries have been discovered in places like La Ferrassie in
France and Shanidar in Irap; Neanderthal remains in these cemeteries have provided proof
of social organization and ritual in the Neanderthals. One skeleton of a Neanderthal was
found with a crushed skull; the blow on the top of the head, perhaps from a falling boulder,
had quite obviously been the cause of death. What was interesting was that the study of the
skeleton showed that while he had been alive this man had been seriously handicapped
with a defect that had blind in one eye. The fact that he had survived well into old age was
a strong indication that others had been helping to care for him and to provide him with
food rather than allowing him to die because he was no longer fit. Other skeletal remains
of Neanderthals show clear examples of burial rituals. Another skeleton of a grown male
was found surrounded by pollen from eight different flowers, including ancestors of
today’s hyacinth, bachelor’s button, and hollyhock; experts are convinced that the
flowers could not have been growing in the cave where they were found and that they
had been arranged around the body in a burial ritual. In a different Neanderthal
cemetery, a young child was found buried with a deposit of ibex horns laid out with the
body. These discoveries about Neanderthals help to create a picture of Neanderthals as

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beings with the feelings and emotions that go along with developed social customs and
rituals.

21. The phrase “brought about” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A. Carried
B. Raised
C. Led
D. Caused
22. The word “those” in paragraph 2 refers to
A. Teeth
B. Casts
C. Brains
D. Archeologists
23. Look at the four spaces that indicate where the following sentence can be added to
paragraph 2.
23B Neanderthals have been found in areas as diverse as desertlike regions of the
Middle East and Glacial areas of northern Europe.
24. The word “predecessors” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. Ancestors( tổ tiên)
B. Precedents
C. Survivors
D.Successors
25. It is NOT stated in the passage that Neanderthal tools were used to
A. Chop wood
B. Make woven clothing
C. Prepare things to eat
D. Prepare animal skins for use
26. The word “picture” in paragraph 4 could best replaced by
A. Fantasy
B. Photograph
C. Conception
D. Sight

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27. The author refers to “cemeteries” in paragraph 4 in order to
A. Indicate that Neanderthals buried their dead as their predecessors had
B. Make a point about the use of Neanderthal tools in the construction of cemeteries
C. Demonstrate that Neanderthals were unsuccessful in their attempts to initiate social
rituals
D. Provide an example of a Neanderthal social ritual
28. Which of the following is stated in the passage aboThey have all been found in only
one place.
but Neanderthal burial sites?
A. They all seem to demonstrate the existence of Neanderthal social structure.
B. They have all held the remains of old people.
C. They have all been surrounded by flowers.
29. The word “fit” in paragraph 4 could be best replaced by
A. Healthy
B. Appropriate
C. Necessary
D. Old
30. Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave
out essential information.
A. The large number of flowers found in the cave proves that the skeleton was a
Neanderthal.
B. The fact that the flowers could not have grown there indicates that the burial site must
have been moved.
C. Because only pollen and not actual flowers were found, experts believe that there had
originally been more than eight types of flowers.
D. Because of the pollen around one grave, experts believe that the body was buried
during a ceremony.

PASSAGE 4 – Questions 31-40

Schizophrenia is in reality a cluster of psychological disorders in which a variety of
behaviors are exhibited and which are classified in various ways. Though there are

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numerous behaviors that might be considered schizophrenic, common behaviors that
manifest themselves in severe schizophrenic disturbances are thought disorders, delusions,
and emotional disorders.

Because schizophrenia is not a single disease but is in reality a luster of related disorders,
schizophrenics tend to be classified into various subcategories. The various subcategories
of schizophrenia are based on the degree to which the various common behaviors are
manifested in the patient as well as other factors such as the age of schizophrenic patient
at the onset of symptoms and the duration of the symptoms. Five of the more common
subcategories of schizophrenia are simple, hebephrenic, paranoid, catatonic, and acute.

The main characteristic of simple schizophrenia is that it begins at a relatively early age
and manifests itself in a slow withdrawal from family and social relationships with a
gradual progression toward more severe symptoms over a period of years. Someone
suffering from simple schizophrenia may early on simply be apathetic toward life, may
maintain contact with reality a great deal of the time, and may be out in the world rather
than hospitalized. Over time, however, the symptoms, particularly thought and emotional
disorders, increase in severity.

Hebephrenic schizophrenia is a relatively severe form of the disease that is characterized

by severely disturbed thought processes as well as highly emotional and bizarre behavior.
Those suffering from hebephrenic schizophrenia have hallucinations and delusions and
appear quite incoherent; their behavior is often extreme and quite inappropriate to the
situation, perhaps full of unwarranted laughter, or tears, or obscenities that seem unrelated
to the moment. This type of schizophrenia represents a rather severe and ongoing
disintegration of personality that makes this type of schizophrenic unable to play a role in
society.

Paranoid schizophrenia is a different type of schizophrenia in which the outward behavior

of the schizophrenic often seems quite appropriate; this type of schizophrenic is often able
to get along in society for long periods of time. However, a paranoid schizophrenic suffers
from extreme delusions of persecution, often accompanied by delusions of grandeur.

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While this type of schizophrenic has strange delusions and unusual thought processes, his
or her outward behavior is not as incoherent or unusual as hebephrenic’s behavior. A
paranoid schizophrenic can appear alert and intelligent much of the time but can also turn
suddenly hostile and violent in response to imagined threats.

Another type of schizophrenia is the catatonic variety, which is characterized by

alternating periods of extreme excitement and stupor. There are abrupt changes in
behavior, from frenzied periods of excitement, the catatonic schizophrenia may exhibit
excessive and sometimes violent behavior; during the periods of stupor, the catatonic
schizophrenic may remain mute and unresponsive to the environment.

A final type of schizophrenia is acute schizophrenia, which is characterized by a sudden

onset of schizophrenic symptoms such as confusion, excitement, emotionality, depression,
and irrational fear. The acute schizophrenic, unlike the simple schizophrenic, shows a
sudden onset of the disease rather than a slow progression from one stage of it to the other.
Additionally, the acute schizophrenic exhibits various types of schizophrenic behaviors
during different episodes, sometimes exhibiting the characteristics of hebephrenic,
catatonic, or even paranoid schizophrenia. In this type of schizophrenia, the patient’s
personality seems to have completely disintegrated.

31. The passage states that schizophrenia

A. is a single psychological disorder
B. always involves delusions
C. is a group of various psychological disorders
D. always develops early in life
32. The phrase “manifested in” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to
A. internalized within
B. demonstrated by
C. created in
D. maintained by
33. The word apathetic in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to
A. sentimental

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B. logical
C. realistic
D. emotionless
34. The phrase “get along” in paragraph 5 could be best replaced by
A. mobilize
B. negotiate
C. manage
D. travel
35. The word “unwarranted” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
A. inappropriate
B. uncontrolled
C. insensitive
D. underestimated
36. The author uses the word “While” in paragraph 5 in order to show that paranoid
schizophrenics
A. think in a way that is materially different from the way that they act
B. have strange delusions at the same time that they have unusual thought patterns
C. can think clearly in spite of their strange behavior
D. exhibit strange behaviors as they think unusual thoughts
37. It is implied in paragraph 5 that a paranoid schizophrenic would be most likely to
A. break into unexplained laughter
B. believe that he is a great leader
C. withdraw into a stuporous state
D. improve over time
38. The word “mute” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to
A. asleep
B. quiet
C. deaf
D. frightened
39. The word ‘it's in paragraph 7 refers to
A. the disease
B. a slow progression
C. one stage
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D. the other
40. It is NOT indicated in the passage that which of the following suffers from
delusions?
A. a hebephrenic schizophrenia
B. a paranoid schizophrenic
C. a catatonic schizophrenic
D. an acute schizophrenic

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