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Adverb
Adverb
ADVERB
(vii) lkekU;r%
Noun ;k Pronoun dh fo'ks"krk crkus dk dke Adjectives djrs g Sa] fdUrq
dqN ,sls
Adverbs gSa tks fdlh
Noun ;k Pronoun dh fo'ks"krk Hkh crkrs
A ;sgS
adverbs gSa&
Only, even,
at last, almost;
Adverb
ADVERB rhuizdkjdsgksrsgSa%&
1. Simple Adverb
2. Relative Adverb
3. Interrogative Adverb
1. SIMPLE ADVERB
Simple Adverb ds }kjkle; (time), LFkku (place), la[;k (number or frequency), <ax
(manner), dkj.k (reason), ifjek.k (degree), LohÑfr vFkok fu"ks/
(affirmation or negation)
dk cks/ gksrk gSA
;s lkr izdkj ds gSa%&
(a) Adverb of Manner
Adverb of manner shows how (<ax)&;s dk;Z gksusrjhdk
dk crkrk gSA
tSls%He works honestly.
He walks slowly.
Remember: Adjectives ls cuus okys
Adverbs ftuds var esa
-ly gksrk gS] izk;%
Adverbs of Manner
dgykrs gSaA
Adjective Adverb
Slow Slowly
glad gladly
Honest Honestly.
uksV%
Miser, Niggard ,oa Coward ,sls nouns gS ftudsadjective forms dks geadverb forms
ekuus dh xyrh dj cSBrs gSA bu dsadjective ,oaadverb forms bl izdkj gSA
nouns
Remember:
1. dqN 'kCn ,d gh :i (Form) esaAdverb vkSjAdjective dh rjg iz;ksx gks tkrs‘Fast,
gSa_ straight,
outright, direct, hard, late’, ‘high’, ‘safe’, quiet bR;kfn
adjective ,oa adverb nksuksa gSA
tSls%Adverb Adjective
He works hard. This is a hard task.
He wakes up early. He came by an early flight.
Do not talk loud. We should not speak in a loud tone.
Run fast. He is a fast runner.
He waited long for me. He went on a long journey.
Come near. He is of my near relation.
2. fdUrq dqN
Adverbs ds nks :iksa dk vFkZ fHkÂgksrk gS_
(a) Late Lately
nsj ls gky-fiQygky
tSls%1. I haven't seen Akila lately.
2. He came late for the meeting.
(b) Hard Hardly
esgur ls eqf'dy ls
tSls%1. She works hardly to make both ends meet. (×)
She works hard to make both ends meet. ()
2. He hardly does any work. ()
(c) Free Freely
eqÝr eas Lora=krk ls
tSls%1. We can move about freely in India.
2. Rides are provided free in this water park.
‘Loudly’ and ‘Aloud’ adverbs gS ysfdu vFkZ esaAloud
fHk Adk vFkZbruh
gS rst vkokt rkfd oDrk
audible g ks ijUrq
Loudly dk vFkZ gS
‘with a lot of noise’.
Adverb
(b) Adverb of Time
Adverb of Time shows when (le;)& ;s dk;Z gksusle;
dk crkrk gSA
tSls%I came late.
le; n'kkZus okysAdverbs
eq[; fuEufyf[kr gSa%
after, ago, early, late, now, then, soon, today, tomorrow vkfnA
(c) Adverb of Place
Adverb of place shows where (LFkku)&
;s dk;Z gksusLFkku
dk crkrk gSA
tSls%I could not find him anywhere.
LFkkun'kkZus okysAdverb
eq[; fuEufyf[kr gSa%
here, there, in, out, up, down, within above, below vkfnA
(d) Adverbs of Frequency or Number
Adverb of Frequency or Number shows how often (fdruh ckj)& ;s dk;Z gksusfrequency
dh
(vko`fr) crkrk gSA
tSls%I can never do so.
She seldom goes there.
She often comes to meet me.
‘Frequency’ dks n'kkZus okysAdverbs
eq[; fuEufyf[kr gSa%
once, twice, thrice, always, never, seldom, often, frequently vkfnA
(e) Advers of Degree
Adverb of degree shows how much (ifjek.k)& ;s crkrk gS dk;Z
fdruk vf/d gqvk ;k fdruk
de gqvkA
tSls%The work is almost complete.
I am quite well.
‘Degree’ dks n'kkZus okysAdverbs
eq[; fuEufyf[kr gSa%
very, much, more, too, quite, little, almost vkfnA
(f) Adverb of Reason
Adverb of Reason shows why (dkj.k)& ;s dkj.k crkrk gSA
tSls%I could not come because I was not well.
I don’t like him since he has cheated many people.
‘Reason’ dks n'kkZus okys eq[; fuEufyf[kr gSa%
Adverbs
So, hence, therefore, on account of, consequently vkfnA
(g) 1. Adverbs of Affirmative (LohdkjkRed)
tSls%She will truly help you.
I will surely repay the loan.
Adverb
‘Affirmation’ dks n'kkZusAdverbs
okys fuEufyf[kr gSa%
surely, certainly, truly vkfnA
2. Adverbs of Negation (fu"ks/kRed)
tSls%She did not reply to my letter.
I have never cheated anybody.
‘Negation’ dks n'kkZus okysAdverbs
eq[; fuEufyf[kr gSa%
No, not, never vkfnA
2. RELATIVE ADVERBS
Relative Adverb okD;ksa dks tksM+rkantecedent
gSA vius (iwoZ iz;qDr
Noun ;k Pronoun) dh vksj
ladsr djrs gq,time, place, reason vkSjmanner crkrk gSA
Relative Adverbs gSa&
When,
Where, Why vkSjHow.
tSls%I don’t know where he has gone.
He will come when I call him.
3. INTERROGATIVE ADVERBS
Interrogative Adverbs gSa&
Why, when, where, how.
tSls%Why are you surprised?
Where has she seen me?
Adverb: Comparison
seldom gone
I have there.
H.V. M.V.
I am
never sad.
M.V.
SOME RULES
RULE 1
‘Else’ ds ckn ‘but’ dk iz;ksx djsa
‘Rather’, ‘Other’ ,oa ‘otherwise’ ds ckn‘than’ dk iz;ksx djsaA
tSls%1. I would rather die than beg.
2. It is nothing else than sheer foolishness. (Use ‘but’ in place of ‘than’)
3. Rahul had no other alternative but to work hard. (Use ‘than’ in place of ‘but’)
4. Rohit has no one else to talk to except his wife. (Use ‘but’ in place of ‘except’)
RULE 2
Adverbs ‘Seldom, nowhere, never, nothing,hardly, scarcely, neither, barely,
rarely’ ds vFkZ udkjkRed
gksrs gSA vr% budk
iz;ksx fdlh nwljs udkjkRed 'kCn ds lkFk
djsaA
u
tSls%1. I rarely went to meet nobody. (Use ‘anybody’ in place of ‘nobody’)
2. She hardly knows nothing about me. (Use ‘anything’ in place of ‘nothing’)
3. I hardly know somebody in the city. (Say ‘anybody’ in place of ‘somebody’)
RULE 3
Negative, 'kCn tSls
'not' o 'never' dk iz;ksx‘deny, forbid, Unless, Until, lest,too .... to
vkSj‘both’ ds lkFk u djsaA
1. She denied that she had not done anything wrong. (Delete ‘not’)
2. Both of us are not going there. (×)
Neither of us is going there. ()
3. Unless he will not come, I will not go. (×)
Unless he comes, I will not go. ()
Adverb
RULE 4
(A) Adverb ‘as’ dk iz;ksx uhps fn, x;s
verbs ds lkFk fd;k tk ldrk gSA
‘regard, describe, define, treat, view, know’.
(B) Adverb ‘as’ dk iz;ksx uhps fn, x;s
verbs ds lkFku djsaA
‘name, elect, think, consider, call, appoint, make, choose.’ e.g.,
1. I regard him my brother. (Add ‘as’ after ‘him’)
2. Biology has been defined the study of organism. (Add ‘as’ after ‘defined’)
3. She is considered as the best student of my class. (Drop ‘as’ after ‘considered’)
4. The teacher called him as stupid. (Drop ‘as’)
5. The principal appointed him as lecturer. (Remove ‘as’)
6. He thinks her as a fool. (Remove ‘as’)
RULE 5
okD; esa
'adverb' ds ckn 'Helping verb' dk iz;ksx djsa vkSj fiQj
'subject' dkA
1. Seldom he comes to Delhi. (×)
Seldom does he come to Delhi. ()
2. Never I’ll go there. (×)
Never shall I go there. ()
3. No sooner she reached the station than the train left. (×)
No sooner did she reach the station than the train left. ()
4. Hardly she had reached the station when the train arrived. (×)
Hardly had she reached the station when the train arrived. ()
5. So quickly she ran that she overtook her friends. (×)
So quickly did she run that she overtook her friends. ()
6. His wife comes here and so does he.
7. He doesn’t know any one here and neither do I.
RULE 6
(A) ‘Too’ and ‘as well’ dk iz;ksx
‘Besides’, in ‘addition to’, ‘also’ ds :i esa affirmative
sentences esa fd;k tkrk gSA
‘Also’ dk iz;ksx okD; ds var esa ugha
djuk pkfg,A
tSls%She found her bag and money too/as well.
RULE 7
'Seldom or never', 'seldom, if ever', 'little or nothing', 'little, if anything' dk iz;ksx
okD; esa fd;k tkrk gS ijUrq
'seldom or ever' ;k 'little or anything' dguk xyr gksxkA
tSls%He seldom or never goes to see movies.
RULE 8
Verbs of sensation (Taste, Smell, Feel, Appear, Seem, Sound, ,oa Look) gekjs ik¡pksa
bafnz;ksa ls lacaf/r gksrs gSA buds ckn
adverb ughaadjective dk iz;ksx djsaA
Adverb
tSls%I
look
honest.
Verb of Adjective
sensation
I
work
honestly.
ordinary adverb
verb
felt
I bad.
verb of adj
sensation
I sing badly.
Ordinary Adv
verb
RULE 9
Manly, masterly, slovenly, friendly, orderly, gentlemanly, sickly, weekly,
monthly Adjectives gSaA'ly' esa var gksus ds otg ls ge bUgsa
adverb ekuus dh Hkwy dj cSBrs gSaA
tSls%He behaved friendly. (×)
He behaved in a friendly manner. ()