Dr.

Bidita Bhattacharya
Associate Professor &
Consultant
Clinical Psychology

Understanding Dyslexia
What is Dyslexia

• Dyslexia is a common learning

difference that affects reading, spelling,
and writing.
• It is not related to intelligence but
involves difficulties with processing
language.
 • Dispelling Myths About Dyslexia
Common • Dyslexia is not a sign of low intelligence.
• It is not caused by laziness.
Myths • Dyslexia can affect people of all ages and
backgrounds.
 • How Common is Dyslexia?
• Dyslexia affects about 1 in 10
people.
• It is one of the most common
learning disabilities.
Prevalence
Symptoms Overview
• Recognizing Dyslexia
• Difficulties with reading and
writing.
• Problems with spelling.
• Slow reading speed.
Early Signs in Children

• Early Indicators
• Late talking.
• Difficulty learning new words.
• Problems recognizing letters and sounds.
School Age Signs
• Signs in School-Age Children
• Trouble with reading out loud.
• Avoiding reading assignments.
• Poor spelling and writing skills.
 • Signs in Teens and Adults
• Difficulty with reading
comprehension.
• Trouble with written assignments.
Teenage and • Avoiding activities that require
Adult Signs reading.
 • Emotional and Social Effects
• Frustration and anxiety.
• Low self-esteem.
• Social withdrawal.

Emotional
Impact
Strengths of
Dyslexia
• Strengths of Dyslexia
• Creative thinking.
• Problem-solving skills.
• Strong spatial
reasoning.
Causes of Dyslexia
• What Causes Dyslexia?
• Genetic factors.
• Differences in brain structure
and function.
• Environmental factors.
The Brain and Dyslexia

• How the Brain is Affected

• Differences in how the brain
processes language.
• Research using brain
imaging.
 • How is Dyslexia Diagnosed?
• Evaluation by a specialist.
Diagnosis • Reading and language assessments.
• Review of family and educational
history.
Types of Dyslexia

• Different Types
• Phonological Dyslexia.
• Surface Dyslexia.
• Rapid Naming Deficit.
• Double Deficit Dyslexia.
Phonological • Phonological Dyslexia
• Difficulty with sound and word

Dyslexia recognition.
• Challenges in decoding words.
Surface • Surface Dyslexia
• Difficulty recognizing whole words.
Dyslexia • Problems with irregularly spelled
words.
Rapid • Rapid Naming Deficit

Naming • Slower ability to name letters,

numbers, and colors.

Deficit
• Impacts reading fluency.
Double Deficit Dyslexia

• Double Deficit Dyslexia

• Combination of phonological and rapid naming deficits.
• More severe reading difficulties.
Impact on Learning

• How Dyslexia Affects Learning

• Reading fluency and comprehension
issues.
• Difficulties with writing and spelling.
• Impact on academic performance.
Classroom Challenges

• Challenges in the Classroom

• Keeping up with reading assignments.
• Taking notes and writing essays.
• Understanding written instructions.
 Emotional Support
• Providing Emotional Support
• Encouragement and positive reinforcement.
• Building self-esteem.
• Creating a supportive environment.
Teaching Strategies

• Effective Teaching Strategies

• Multisensory instruction.
• Structured literacy programs.
• Individualized education plans (IEPs).
Multisensory Learning

• What is Multisensory Learning?

• Using visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-
tactile pathways.
• Engaging multiple senses to enhance
learning.
Structured Literacy
Programs

• Structured Literacy
• Systematic and explicit instruction in
phonics.
• Examples include the Orton-Gillingham
approach.
Classroom
Accommodations

• Helpful Classroom Accommodations

• Extended time on tests.
• Use of audiobooks and technology aids.
• Access to note-takers and tutors.
Assistive
Technology

• Using Technology
• Text-to-speech and speech-to-text
software.
• Reading apps and digital tools.
 Parent and Caregiver Roles

• How Parents Can Help

• Advocacy and support.
• Creating a positive learning environment at
home.
• Encouraging reading and writing activities.
 Resources and Support

• Finding Help
• Dyslexia organizations and advocacy
groups.
• Educational resources and support
networks.
• Professional services and counseling.
Success Stories

• Real-Life Success Stories

Thank you