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SOCIOLOGY

PAPER – II

INDIAN SOCIETY: STRUCTURE AND CHANGE

A. Introducing Indian society:

(i) Perspectives on the study of Indian Society:

(a) Indology (G.S.Ghurye)

S.No Question Year Marks

1 G.S Ghure’s Indological approach to understand society in India. 2014 10
2 Write a note on G.S.Ghure’s Idological approach perspective of understanding Indian 2018 10
society.
3 Write a note on Ghure’s conception of caste in India. 2019 10
4 Critically examine G.S.Ghurye’s Indological approach to be understanding of Indian 2022 20
society.
5 Highlight the significant feature of A.R.Desai’s ‘Dialectical Perspective’ to study Indian 2023 10
society.

(b) Structural Functionalism (M.N.Srinivas)

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on M.N.Srinivas’s concept of Westernisation. 2013 10
2 Write a critique of the structural and functional perspective used by M.N.Srinivas in 2017 10
understanding of Indian society.
3 Elaborate Srinivas’s view on religion and society among the Coorgs. 2019 10
4 Elaborate on M.N.Srinivas’s structural – functionalist approach to the study of Indian 2022 10
society.
5 Critically examine the concept of Sanskritization with suitable illustrations. 2023 10

(c) Marxist Sociology (A.R.Desai)

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Salient features of A.R.Desai’s Marxist Sociology. 2016 10
2 Analyse A.R.Desai’s views on Indian path of development. 2018 20
3 Elaborate A.R.Desai’s perspective to study of Indian society. 2020 10

(ii) Impact of colonial rule in Indian society:

(a) Social background of Indian nationalism:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 “Indian society may be understood as a system of cognitive structures.” How far do you 2012 20
agree with this statement?
2 Discuss the social background of Indian nationalism. 2014 20
3 Discuss Marxist approach to the analysis of Indian nationalism. 2015 20
4 Colonial administrators helped to construct the very traditionalism which marked 2020 20
Indian society as ‘backward’. Comment critically.
5 Explain social background of growth of Indian nationalism. 2022 20
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(b) Modernization of Indian tradition:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Modernisation of Indian traditions. 2014 10
2 Discuss the paradigm of modernisation of Indian tradition in analysing social change 2015 20
in India.
3 Discuss Yogendra Singh’s thesis on modernization of Indian tradition and evaluate its 2017 20
applicability in the present day context.
4 Discuss in detail the major contribution of Prof. Yogendra Singh in theorizing India’s 2021 20
modernization.
5 Critically examine Yogendra Singh’s thesis on ‘Modernization of Indian Tradition’. 2022 20
6 Are Tradition and Modernity antithetical to each other? Comment. 2023 10

(c) Protests and movements during the colonial period:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 How has social reform movements in colonial India contributed to modernization of 2012 20
Indian society?
2 Satya Sodhak movement of Mahatma Jyotiba Phule. 2013 10
3 Anti – Brahmanical movements during the colonial period. 2016 10
4 The main objectives on socio – religious movements during the colonial rule in India 2017 20
were reforming and synthesizing, Hinduism. Write on any two such important
movements.
5 Examine the sociological dynamics of Champaran Peasant movement in colonial India. 2018 20
6 Illustrate the contributions of the Tehbaga movement to the peasant struggle in India. 2019 10

(d) Social reforms:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write on limitations of the dialectical approach to the study of Indian society. 2012 12
2 Write short note on westernization and institutional changes in India. 2012 12
3 Write short note on interaction of little tradition and great tradition. 2012 12
4 Analyze Gandhi as moralist, ascetic and man of action through his Hind Swaraj. 2015 20
5 “Banning practice of Sati” is attributed to annihilation of a major social evil in colonial 2020 10
India‟. Comment.

B. Social structure:

(i) Rural and Agrarian Social Structure:

(a) The idea of Indian village and village studies

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on the book view and field view of Indian Sociology. 2011 15
2 What is the Idea of Indian Village? Explain. 2014 10
3 Write short note on significance of village studies in Indian Sociology. 2016 10
4 Give a critical analysis of Andre Beteille’s study of Tanjore village. 2018 10
5 Critically examine Dube’s contribution to study of Indian villages. 2019 20
6 “Indian rural society is a faction – ridden society.” Discuss. 2020 10
7 Critically examine briefly the phrase “Little republics” as used to denote India’s 2021 10
villages.
8 Discuss the challenges during village studies in India. 2022 10
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9 “The decade of 1950s was the golden period of village studies in India Sociology”. 2023 10
Explain this statement.
10 Do you agree with the view of Andre Beteille that India’s village are representative of 2023 20
Indian society’s basic civilizational values? Present a sociological overview.

(b) Agrarian social structure – evolution of land tenure system, land reforms:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Comment on the factors responsible for the growth and consolidation of middle level 2011 20
peasantry in rural in India. How is it related to capitalism in Indian agriculture?
2 Describe the impact of land reforms of the peasants of Indian society. 2014 20
3 Analyse the major components of Land Reform Acts. Show their effectiveness in 2018 10
curbing rural inequality.
4 How do the recommendations of Swaminathan commission (2004 – 2006) ensure food 2018 10
and nutrition security for Indian masses?
5 Examine the changing initiatives of the land tenure system in India. 2019 10
6 Explain how land reforms brought about desired agrarian transformation. 2022 20
4 Discuss the main features of Land Reforms in post – independent India. 2023 10

(ii) Caste system:

(a) Perspectives on the study of caste system: G.S.Ghurye, M.N.Srinivas, Louis Dumont, Andre Beteille

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Critically evaluate Louis Dumont’s Homo Hierarchius. 2013 20
2 What are the features of M.N.Srinivas concept of dominant caste? How effective is it 2013 10
in understanding today’s reality?
3 Write short note on Louis Dumont’s perspective on Indian caste system. 2015 10
4 How far Srinivas’s Sanskritisation is modernizing force or traditionalizing force in 2015 10
understanding the changes in caste system?
5 Discuss Andre Beteille’s account of the relationship between caste, class and power as 2016 20
a change from symmetrical to asymmetrical one.
6 Discuss Whitehead’s contention that caste has potential class & colonial contradiction. 2020 20
7 How do you justify Dumont’s deliberate stress on ideology that produced 2020 10
intellectualized account of Indian society?
8 Caste system studies in India have been dominated by the “book – view” initially. How 2021 10
did the entry of “field – view” bring about a balance in the study of Indian caste system?
Discuss.
9 In the context of changing Indian society, how do you view Andre Beteille’s 2022 10
conceptions of harmonic and disharmonic social structures?
10 Contextualize Louis Dumont’s concept of ‘binary opposition’ with reference caste 2023 20
system in India.

(b) Features of caste system:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Differentiate between Tribe and caste. 2012 4
2 What are the main features of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar’s views on annihilation of caste? 2013 20
3 Write a note on features of caste system. 2014 10
4 Is caste system changing, weakening or disintegrating in India? 2015 20
5 How has B.R.Ambedkar identified the features of caste system? How is it different 2016 20
from the mainstream treatment of caste features?
6 Comment on increasing significance of caste in politics. 2016 20
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7 Write a note on different forms of Dalit assertions. 2016 10

8 Which is more significant, the principle of ‘hierarchy’ or the principle of difference, in 2017 10
inter caste relations in the present day?
9 What are the changes in the cultural and structural aspects of the caste system since 2017 10
Independence?
10 What according to you are the two fundamental axes of social discrimination in Indian 2017 20
society? Are they changing?
11 Elaborate various forms of Dalit assertions in contemporary India? Discuss. 2018 20
12 Has caste system hindered democracy and adult franchise in India? Discuss. 2018 20
13 What do you understand by discrete castes and muddled hierarchies? Substantiate your 2018 20
answer with suitable illustrations.
14 “Indian caste system is unique and has been unhealthy for growth of sociology of 2020 20
India.” How far do you agree with this view?
15 Caste - like formation are present in Non – Hindu religious communities as well. 2021 10
Discuss with examples.
16 What does Dr.B.R.Ambedkar mean by the concept of ‘Annihilation of caste’? 2021 10
17 Elaborate on the changing nature of caste system with suitable illustrations. 2022 20
18 Analyse the difference between the attributional and interactional approach in studying 2023 10
the caste system.

(c) Untouchability – forms and perspectives:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write some of the important social reforms in India for removal of untouchability. 2014 10
2 How far Gandhi was trusted by untouchables? 2015 10
3 How have the struggles against untouchability changed their forms and perspectives 2017 10
from Gandhian to Ambedkarite positions?
4 What are the various forms of untouchability in India? Critically examine. 2021 10
5 Explain different forms of untouchability in India. 2022 10

(iii) Tribal communities in India:

(a) Definitional problems:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Explain the definitional problems concerning the tribal communities in India. 2020 10

(b) Geographical Spread:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on Unity and Diversity among the tribes in India. 2011 15
2 Has geographic and economic mobility impacted the tribal culture and social structure? 2012 30
Give examples.

(c) Colonial policies and tribes:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 How does the new forest act affect tribal? 2013 10
2 Explain main objectives of Tribal sub plan (TSP). 2015 10
3 “Isolationism” as a dominant feature of colonial tribal policy. 2016 10
4 What is the nature of religious change tribal communities? Illustrate with two example 2016 20
from colonial and post – independent times.
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5 Why have we started using another category of tribes called Particularly Vulnerable 2017 10
Tribal Groups (PVTGs)? Why are they so called?
6 Examine the colonial polity of segregation of tribes under the government of India Act, 2020 20
1935.
7 Analyse the perspectives of Isolation, Assimilation and Integration in understanding 2023 20
the trajectories of Indian Tribal Development.

(d) Issues of integration and autonomy:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 What are the factors of that distinguishes tribes from the rest of the population? 2013 20
2 Write a note on ethnicity & integration in the context of tribes. 2013 20
3 Analyse the different views on integration and autonomy of tribes in India. 2014 20
4 Explain Verrier Elwin’s views of freedom for the tribals. 2015 10
5 How is the tribal question related with the issues of integration and autonomy in modern 2016 20
India?
6 Discuss development induced displacement in the context of tribal uprising in India. 2018 20
Substantiate your answer with any one detailed illustration from India.
7 What is ethno – nationalism? Examine the Examine the critical factors responsible for 2019 20
tribal discontent in India.
8 Comment on the growing assertion of tribal community for autonomy in India. 2019 20
9 Discuss the main features of the debate between G.S.Ghurye and V.Elwin on tribal 2021 20
development.
10 Elucidate the challenges of integration for tribal communities in India. 2022 10

(iv) Social classes in India:

(a) Agrarian class structure:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on classes in agrarian society in India. 2013 10
2 Is Industrial development in India a bane or a boon to agrarian class structure? 2019 20
Substantiate your answer with suitable examples.
3 Do you agree that agrarian class structure in Indian is changing? Justify your answer 2022 10
with illustrations.
4 Explain Leela Dube’s concept of “Seed and Earth”. 2022 10

(b) Industrial classes in India:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Discuss the factors which contributed to industrial modernization in India. What are the 2012 20
salient features of new industrial class structure?
2 Discuss the changing nature of Industrial working class. 2022 10

(c) Middle class in India:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on Andre Beteille of class. 2013 10
2 Discuss the salient features of Indian middle class. 2013 10
3 Discuss the status of women among the emerging urban middle class. 2014 20
4 What accounts for the growth & consolidation of the middle classes in modern India? 2016 10
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5 How they has New Economic policy (1991) affected the lifestyle and life changed in 2018 20
new middle class in India?
6 Write a note on the changing roles of middle class women in India. 2018 10
7 How does Andre Beteille justify ‘middle class in India’? 2020 10
8 Discuss the salient features of ‘new middle class’ in India. 2021 10
9 Elaborate the salient features and the role of middle class in India’s democracy and 2023 20
development.

Others:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Give an account of Ranaji Guha‟s approach in studying ‘subaltern class’. 2019 10

(v) Systems of kinship in India:

(a) Lineage and descent in India:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Discuss the conceptual issues about lineage and descent in India. Give suitable 2020 20
illustrations.
2 Define the concepts of ‘Descent’ and ‘Alliance’. Differentiate between North and South 2023 20
Indian Kinship systems with examples.

(b) Types of kinship systems:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on types of kinship systems in India. 2014 10
2 Broadly compare the kinship system of North and South India. 2015 10
3 Compare the North Indian Kinship system with the South Indian kinship system. 2017 10
4 Discuss different forms of kinship system in India. 2021 10
5 Define the concepts of ‘Descent’ and ‘Alliance’. Differentiate between North and South 2023 20
Indian Kinship systems with examples.

(c) Family and marriage in India:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 How nuclear family existed in traditional India? Discuss with reference to views of 2012 20
I.P.Desai.
2 Give some of the important studies relating to the structural changes in the Indian 2015 20
family system.
3 Illustrate the importance of ‘Kanyadan’ and ‘Kulabadhu’ in changing institution of 2018 10
marriage and family.
4 Discuss the changing dimension of family structure in India. 2021 10
5 Analyse the role of market and modern forces in understanding the changing trends in 2023 10
marriage systems in India.

(d) Household dimensions of the family:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write note on distinction between concept of family and household. 2012 15
2 Bring out the significance of the difference between family and household. 2016 20
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3 Clarify the distinction between household and family and evaluate whether joint 2017 20
families have completely disintegrated.
4 Analyze the household of family in India. 2020 20
5 Is Indian society moving from ‘Hierarchy’ towards ‘differentiation’? Illustrate you 2021 20
answer with suitable examples.

(e) Patriarchy, entitlements and sexual division of labour:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Comment on the social and cultural determinants of sexual division of labour. 2012 20
2 Write short note: Feminization of poverty. 2015 10
3 What is patriarchy? How does it affect the child socialization pattern in India? 2015 20
4 Why is it necessary to implement PCPNDT act in India? 2015 10
5 Write note on: Patriarchy as a form of dominance. 2016 10
6 Comment on the factors behind the changing status of women in urban India. 2016 20
7 Western patriarchy which surrenders feminine principles in the development project in 2018 20
India. Do you agree with this view? Why?
8 Define patriarchy. Does it have bearings on women’s entitlements in Indian family 2019 20
system? Explain.
9 Discuss the material basis of patriarchy as an ideological system. 2022 20
10 Explain the thematic linkages between ‘Patriarchy’ and ‘Honour Killing’ in India, 2023 20
citing some recent cases.

(vi) Religion and society:

(a) Religious communities in India:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 What the distinct features of Islam are as practiced in India and how have they changed 2017 10
over time?
2 What are the basic tenets of Hindu religion? Is Hinduism based on monotheism or 2018 20
polytheism?
3 Discuss the growth of religious sects in India. 2018 10
4 Write a note on ‘cultural pluralism’ in multi – religious society like India. 2020 10
5 Examine the concept of ‘Cultural Pluralism’ in the context of India’s Unity in Diversity. 2023 10

(b) Problems of religious minorities:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Distinguish between secularism and secularization. Analyse the nature and extent of 2011 30
secularization in contemporary India
2 Examine the impact of secularization on various religious communities in India. 2012 30
3 Write short note: Gandhi’s efforts on communal harmony. 2014 10
4 Discuss the problems of religious minorities in India. 2014 20
5 Elucidate the concepts of majoritarianism and minoritarianism in accentuating 2016 20
communal tensions in India.
6 Assess the impact of ban of ‘triple talaq’ on marriage and divorce among the Muslim 2018 10
community in India.
7 Write a critical narrative on the concerns of religious minorities in India. 2018 20
8 How do you understand the ‘minority’ question? Examine the violence and 2019 20
discrimination against the religious minorities in India.
9 Discuss the problems of religious minorities in India and suggest measures to solve 2022 10
them.
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C. Social changes in India:

(i) Visions of social change in India:

(a) Idea of development planning and mixed economy:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on five year plans. 2013 10
2 Examine the importance of development planning in Indian mixed economy and 2019 20
analyse its problems and prospects.
3 Discuss in detail the main issues of development planning in mixed economy like India. 2020 20
4 Analyse the idea of development planning in India. 2021 10

(b) Constitution, law and social change:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on constitution is a living document of social change. 2012 12
2 What is ‘social minority’? Examine recent security measures adopted by the 2019 10
government of India.
3 Do you think that ‘demonetization’ has accelerated the economic growth in India? How 2019 20
do you understand the informalization of labour, underemployment and gender
discrimination in this context?
4 Discuss law as an important instrument for women’s empowerment. 2022 10

(c) Education and social change:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on education and removal of inequality. 2012 12
2 Write short note on important components of national education policy in India. 2015 10
3 How can skill development programme induce social change? Illustrate. 2020 10
4 How does the new education policy, 2020 aim to eradicate disparities in the system of 2020 10
education in India?
5 Explain the sociological significance of the New Education Policy and its thrust on 2021 20
vocalization and skill development.
6 “Instead of promoting equality in society, the present system of education itself has 2022 20
contributed to increased socio – economic disparities.” Comment.
7 Highlight the salient features of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020. 2023 10

(ii) Rural and Agrarian Transformation in India:

(a) Programmes of rural development, community development programme, cooperatives, poverty alleviation
schemes:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme. 2013 10
2 Write short note on Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee scheme. 2016 10
3 Discuss the challenges in implementing the Rural Development Programmes in India. 2019 10
4 Do you think MSP (minimum support price) scheme for agricultural produce can help 2020 20
in rural development? Elaborate your response with suitable examples.
5 Comment on the role of co – operatives in rural development. 2021 10
6 What role do co-operatives play in poverty alleviation in rural India? 2022 10
7 Discuss the challenges faced by the cooperative movements in India. Suggest measures 2023 20
to strengthen the movement at the grass roots level.
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(b) Green revolution and social change:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on impact of green revolution on rural class structure. 2011 15
2 Bring out some positive and negative social consequences of green revolution. How has 2012 20
green revolution changed the rural social structure?
3 Write short note on green revolution. 2013 10
4 Write short note on the uneven impact of ‘green revolution’ on rural society. 2016 20
5 Has green revolution led to the formation of new power elite in rural India? Elaborate 2018 10
your answer.
6 Has reduction of green cover affected ecological degradation leading to global 2019 10
warming? Elaborate your answers with illustration.
7 Point out the benefits of ‘green chemistry’ for agrarian transformation in India. 2020 10
8 Critique the victory narratives of Green Revolution in the context of Indian society. 2023 10

(c) Changing modes of production in Indian agriculture:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on rapid urbanization and sustainable development. Discuss with 2011 20
arguments.
2 Write a short note on changing means of production and increased rural poverty. 2017 10
3 Highlight the main features of the ‘Inter – linking of river’ project in India. What could 2019 20
be its probable advantages to Indian Agriculture?
4 Discuss the role of technology in agrarian change in India. 2021 10

(d) Problems of rural labour, bondage, migration:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Indebtedness is one of the serious issues leading to farmer‟s suicide. Discuss reasons 2017 20
and suggest solutions.
2 Discuss the dynamics of ‘migrant workers’ in India in the context of corona pandemic. 2020 20
3 What are the sociological reasons and implication of “reverse migration” during the 2021 20
recent pandemic in India?
4 Examine whether rural bondage still continue to be a social reality. Give your argument. 2022 20
5 Discuss recent trends in the structure of migration. 2022 20

(iii) Industrialisation and urbanization in India:

(a) Evolution of modern industry in India:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Examine the influence of industrialization on caste. 2013 20
2 Examine the impact of industrialization and urbanization on family structure. 2016 20
3 Discuss the implications of ‘Swacch Bharat Abhiyan’. Do you think that civil society 2019 20
has a role to play here? Substantiate your answer with example
4 Elaborate urbanism as a way of life in India. 2019 10

(b) Growth of urban settlements in India:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Examine the impact of heritage tourism on urban socio – spatial patterns in India. 2017 20
2 How do you relate the growth of development of metro poles and its impact on the 2018 20
mental and social life of people in India?
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3 Elucidate the concerns of growing urban displacement dynamics in India. 2019 10

4 Elaborate the causes, consequences and other concerns of growth or urban settlement in 2020 20
India.
5 Urban slums are sites of social exclusion – Explain. 2021 10
6 Urban settlements in India tend to replicate its rural – caste kinship imprints. Discuss 2021 20
the main reasons.

(c) Working class: structure, growth, class mobilization:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Have the new economic policy and economic reforms led to weakening of labour class 2012 30
movements? Explain your views with examples.
2 Discuss the changing nature of problems of working class in informal sector of 2016 20
economy.

(d) Informal sector, child labour:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 What are the linkage points between globalisation growths of informal sector? How have 2011 30
these affected the nature & functioning of working class?
2 Distinguish between formal & informal sector in India. 2013 20
3 Write short note on child labour. 2013 10
4 Discuss the impact of globalisation on the workers in the Informal sector. 2014 10
5 Write short note on issues relating to the informal labour market in urban India. 2015 10
6 Do you agree that issue of child labour raises questions about and beyond the informal 2017 10
sector? Give reasons.
7 Point out the main causes of ‘child labour’ in India. How far the state policies have 2020 10
succeeded in its elimination?
8 How do you view the growth of informal sector in India? 2022 10
9 What actionable measures would you suggest to curb the recurrent child labour menace 2023 10
in India?

(c) Slums and deprivation in urban areas:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write a detailed note on effects of growing slums in urban areas. 2016 20
2 Compare problems of a dalit poor family living in an urban slum with a similar, type of 2017 10
family living in a rural setting
3 Write a note on basic services to Urban Post (BSUP) and Integrated housing and slum 2018 10
development. (IHSD) programme provided for urban poor.
4 Discuss different forms of deprivation associated with slums 2022 10

(iv) Politics and Society:

(a) Nation, democracy and citizenship:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 How are the issues of ethnicity and nationalism related? Discuss in the context of the 2011 30
emergence of ethno – nationalism in India.
2 Critically examine the concepts of nation and citizenship in the context of globalisation. 2012 20
3 Discuss B.R.Ambedkar as a wise democrat. 2015 10
4 Elaborate the concept of constitutional morality as given by B.R.Ambedkar. 2018 10
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5 Media is the fourth pillar of democracy. Discuss. 2018 10

6 Comment on the changing democratic profile of India. 2019 10
7 Analyze the issues related to the citizenship in contemporary India. Give suitable 2020 10
illustrations.
8 Is social democracy a precondition for political democracy? Comment. 2021 10
9 Do you think that the decades of Dalit political mobilizations and movements have 2023 20
helped in strengthening India’s democracy? Substantiate your arguments with facts.

(b) Political parties, pressure groups, social and political elite:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on regional political elites and the democratic process. 2012 12
2 Who are the elites? Discuss their roles in bringing social transformation. 2014 10
3 What is identity politics? Discuss the main trends in Dalit movements in India. 2021 20
4 Discuss the role of pressure groups in strengthening democracy. 2022 10
5 Discuss the changing nature of structure of political elites. 2022 10

(c) Regionalism and decentralization of power:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Explain the concepts of dominant caste and vote bank, giving example from specific 2017 20
regions.
2 To what extent does nation building depend on strengthening of pluralities in India 2017 20
society?
3 What do you understand by democratic federalism? How does it promote 2020 10
decentralization of power in India?
4 Does regionalism essentially lead to decentralization of power? Substantiate your 2021 10
answer with relevant examples.

(d) Secularization:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 “Secularism was an outcome of 20th century humanistic radicalism.” Comment on this 2020 10
statement.
2 Examine different understandings of secularization in India. 2022 10
3 How do you account for the increasing significance of religion in public and personal 2023 20
spheres in the context of secularization thesis in India? Explain.

(v) Social movements in modern India

(a) Peasants and farmers movements:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Critically examine D.N.Dhanagare’s on agrarian movement in India. 2011 20
2 Discuss the main features of farmers‟ movements in Independent India. 2015 20
3 Explain the dynamics of neo – farmers’ movement in contemporary India. 2018 10
4 Are the contemporary farmers’ movements in India changing their course? Discuss. 2020 10
5 Examine the factors responsible for the rural unrest in contemporary India. 2021 20
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(b) Women’s movement:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note stages of women movement in India. 2011 15
2 What are the main features of the second wave of women‟s movement in the Indian 2014 20
context?
3 Discuss the impact of past – 1970 feminist movement on Indian middle class. 2015 20
4 Despite gains from the women’s movement and state policy of women empowerment, 2017 20
gender equality is far from achieved. Identify two major challenges that prevent this goal
from being reached.
5 Elaborate the ‘Me Too’ movement and its impact in India. 2018 10

(c) Backward classes & Dalit movements:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note education and Dalit empowerment. 2012 12
2 Write short note on other backward classes. 2013 10
3 What is the Dalit movement? Examine the issues highlighted by it. 2013 10
4 Write short note on dynamics of contemporary Dalit movements. 2014 10
5 “Tribal conflicts based on ethnic differences often camouflage a struggle for political 2014 20
and economic advantages.” Substantiate with examples.
6 Do you think that the Indian saints have brought about social reform and awareness in 2019 10
Indian society? Explain.
7 Bring out the various issues involved in Dalit movements in India. 2022 20

(d) Environmental movements:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Do you think that some policies and laws relating to environment have retarded the 2012 30
development process? Give examples. How can ideal balance between environmental
protection and development goals be brought about?
2 Discuss the “Chipko movement” as an example of eco – feminism. 2014 20
3 Discuss the various forms of environmental movements in India. 2018 10
4 Evaluate the nature and scope of anthropogenic influence on climate in India and also 2020 20
analyse the environmental movements arising out of it.
5 In the face of rising global climatic concerns, how do you contextualize the relevance of 2023 20
Chipko movement and its Gandhian tone? Answer analytically.

(e) Ethnicity and Identity movements:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Discuss the sociological aspects of movements for separate states. 2013 20
2 What are the major concerns of ethnic identity and religious identity in India? 2015 20
3 What are the factors accounting for the resurgence of ethnic identity movements in 2016 10
India?
4 Explain the issues relating ethnicity and sub – ethnicity. 2017 10
5 Discuss the issues relating to the entitlements of transgender in Indian society. 2018 10
6 What do you understand by LGBTQ? Comment on the issues concerning their marriage 2019 10
rights.
7 Define ethnicity. Discuss the factors responsible for the growth of ethnic movements in 2020 20
India.
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Others:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Do you agree that social movements are caused by opportunity structures that are 2019 10
generated by media? Why?
2 Analyse the sociological interconnection between Social Media and Mass Mobilization 2023 10
in India.

(vi) Population dynamics:

(a) population size, growth, composition and distribution:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write short note on demographic perspective of Indian growth. 2012 20

(b) Components of population growth: birth, death, migration:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 What are the issues relating to male migration and its impact on birth rate? Does it 2018 20
necessarily result in skewed sex ratio?
2 What is ‘reverse migration’? Discuss its features, causes and consequences in India. 2023 20

(c) Population policy and family planning:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 What were the salient features of India‟ National population policy (2000)? How far its 2020 20
goals have been achieved?

(d) Emerging issues: ageing, sex ratio, child and infant mortality, reproductive health

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Bring out the relationship between fertility and social structure as viewed by Davis and 2011 30
Blake.
2 Infant mortality rate is the most sensitive index for measuring development. Comment. 2011 15
3 Explain interface between population, ecology and environment in the context of India. 2011 20
4 Discuss some social and cultural determinants of infant mortality rate. Gave your 2012 30
suggestion to prevent infanticide.
5 What are the problems of ageing population? Describe the declining traditional social 2012 30
support system for aged. Suggest alternative measures to support ageing population.
6 Write short note on sex ratio. 2013 10
7 What are the main causes of female mortality in India? 2014 10
8 Write note on trends of infant mortality rate among females. 2014 10
9 What are the demographic projections for the ageing population (60+) for the next 2014 20
decade? What are the implications for formulating policy for them?
10 Discuss the problems of elderly in India. What are the different perspectives to solve 2015 10
their problems?
11 Write short note on differential sex ratio and its implications. 2016 10
12 How is ageing becoming on emerging issue in India society? 2016 10
13 What are the emerging concerns on women’s reproductive health? 2017 10
14 What are the causes and solutions for the low female sex ratio in the DEMARU states 2017 10
of Punjab, Haryana, Himachal and Gujarat?
15 Construct a sociological narrative on the increasing trend of child abuse in India. 2018 10
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16 Why has ‘Active ageing’ become a global goal? Do you agree that role of elderly care 2019 20
giving is disproportionately gendered in developing countries? Why?
17 Is ‘ageing’ an emerging issue in Indian society? Discuss the major problems of the old 2021 20
age people in India.
18 Underline the socio – cultural factors responsible for India’s skewed sex – ratio. 2021 10
19 Discuss the nature of regional variations in sex ratio in India, stating reasons thereof. 2023 10
20 What is ‘Ageing’? Discuss the major problems of aged people in India. 2023 10

(vii) Challenges of social transformation

(a) Crisis of development: displacement, environmental problems and sustainability:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Write a note on rural landless labourers and development induced displacement. 2014 10
2 Write a note on effect of displacement through development on the rural landless and 2015 10
marginal farmers.
3 Human development approach affirms that education and health care growth are more 2015 20
important than economic growth. Discuss this issue in the light of post – liberalized.
4 Discuss some of the striking issues of development induced imbalances that need urgent 2017 20
Attention.
5 The problem of displacement is inherent in the idea of development. Analyse the 2021 20
statement critically.
6 Critically examine the dialectics between ‘development and environment’. 2022 20
7 Citing some case studies, expand the concept of ‘Development – induced 2023 10
Displacement’.
8 Discuss the phenomenon of rural – urban continuum with suitable examples. 2023 10

(b) Poverty, deprivation and inequalities:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Explain the inter – linkages between poverty, deprivation and inequality. 2013 10
2 Discuss the emerging forms of inequalities and acute poverty as major challenge of 2016 20
social transformation in India.
3 Give an account of the consequences and remedies of chronic malnutrition in India. 2020 10

(c) Violence against women:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Describe those social changes which have contributed to increase of violence against 2012 30
women. What are the emerging forms of violence against women? Suggest suitable
measures to contain this problem.
2 Discuss the problems of working women in India. 2013 20
3 Write short note domestic violence act, 2005 2013 10
4 What are the possible underlying causes of the spurt of increased violence against 2014 20
women in public spaces in the last decade?
5 What are the reasons for the escalation of violence against women in the public domain? 2017 10
6 What is POSH act? “Identification of tormento by women at workplace does not come 2019 20
easily even today”. Examine the statement with substantive examples from India.
7 Does “economic empowerment” automatically bring about “substantive empowerment” 2021 10
for women? Briefly describe the main issues in women empowerment in India.
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(d) Caste conflicts:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Casteism is modern edition of caste system. Do you agree with this statement? Discuss 2011 20
with arguments.
2 How do caste and class come together in creating the category of extreme poor? 2014 10
3 Many caste conflicts are between castes which are close to each other on the hierarchical 2014 20
scale. Give a sociological explanation for this phenomenon.
4 What is caste politics? Substantiate your answer with examples of how identified are 2016 2e
defined by caste dynamics.

(e) Ethnic conflicts, communalism and religious revivalism:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Analyse the role of communalism in undermining democracy in India. 2013 20
2 What is cultural revivalism? Give examples from performing arts, language 2017 20
dissemination and arts crafts in recent times.
3 Discuss the role of social media in communal polarisation. Suggest ways to combat it. 2021 20
4 Rising ‘ethnocentrism’ is leading to conflict in our society. Assess this statement with 2021 20
appropriate reasons.

(f) Illiteracy and disparities in education:

S.No Question Year Marks

1 Comment on critical issues of commercialization of higher education in India. 2013 10
2 Assess the role of state in promoting education of girl child. 2014 10
3 With increase in education and economic development is Indian society becoming more 2016 10
secular.
4 Give an account of the problems relating to the “creamy layer”. 2016 10
5 Write a note on education and equality in India. 2017 10
6 Write short note on empowerment through ‘right to education’. 2017 10
7 Write short note on privatization of education and increasing inequalities. 2018 10
8 Write short note on impact of privatisation on educational disparities. 2018 10
9 Discuss the salient features of right to education. 2019 10