JOAQUIM ALBERTO CHISSANO SECONDARY SCHOOL

12 Class

Class 5B

students. numbers

-Assia Abel Chauque. 05

-Carlos Sitoe Júnior. 12

-Célia Aleixo Viagem. 16

-Dércia David Mutombene. 20

Works theme: MOZAMBICAN LITERATURE

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INDEX

1.Mocambican Literature.

1.1.What is Mocambican literature?

1.2.How important is the Mozambican literature?

2.Periodization of Mozambican Literature.

2.1.The first period runs from 1925 to 1945/47.

2.2.The second period runs from 1945 to 1964.

2.3.The third period runs from 1964 to 1975.

3.Framework of the Portuguese language in Mozambique.

4.List of Mozambican.

4.1.Life and Work of Mozambican Writers.

4.1.1.PAULINA CHIZIANE.

4.1.2.JOSÉ JOÃO CRAVEIRINHA.

4.1.3.MIA COUTO.

4.1.4.UNGULANI BA KA KHOSA.

5.Conclusion.

6.Bibliography.

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Introduction

Literature

The literature is the technique of composing and exposing written texts, in prose or in verse,
according to theoretical and practical principles; The exercise of this technique or eloquence and
poetry.

The word literature comes from the Latin "litteris" which means "letters", and possibly a translation
of the Greek "Grammatike". In Latin, literature means an instruction or a set of knowledge or skills
to write and read well, and relates to the techniques of grammar, rhetoric and poetics. By extension,
it refers specifically to the art or craft of writing.

The term literature is also used as a reference to a chosen set of texts such as the Mocambican
literature, Portuguese literature, Spanish literature, English literature, Brazilian literature, Japanese
literature, etc.

we will speak of the Mozambican literature

Mozambican literature had and still has several scholars and theorists. In order to save time, I will only
highlight Fátima Mendonça, professor at the Faculty of Letters and Social Sciences at Eduardo Mondlane
University.

In his book entitled: Mozambican Literature – history and writing , published by the Faculty of Letters
and the Editorial Nucleus of Eduardo Mondlane University, in 1989, he periodises Mozambican
Literature, from the beginnings to the proclamation of independence, lending it descriptive frameworks.
of the different periods that it has been going through over time, for a better understanding.

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 1.Mozambican literature

1.1.What os Mozambican literature

The literature taken as literature from Mozambique is that in Portuguese and that has the addition of
Mozambican expressions within the text.

1.2.How important is the Mozambican literature?

Mozambican literature, like any other literature, is important because it can help correct the vices of
our culture, correct our defects. But it is not possible to speak of the function of Mozambican
literature if we do not speak, first, of the need we have to read.

2.Periodization of Mozambican Literature

Thus, Mozambican Literature is divided into three major historical periods:

2.1.The first period runs from 1925 to 1945/47:

This period marks the emergence, in Mozambique, of a literature of the Portuguese language with a
systematic character, determined by the assimilation policy and the educational policy of the colonial
state. It was the 1920s. This emergence was in contrast to what was the popular expression conveyed
through fables, legends, myths, oral narratives, which, for reasons of academic systematization, came to
be called orality, orature or simply literature. oral, therefore, without any written record and whose
production was local, ethnic or regional, transmitted from generation to generation, fruitful, but
volitional. It was urgent to move from orality to writing.

2.2.The second period runs from 1945 to 1964:

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A new literature emerges in Mozambique, whose important milestone is November 8, 1947, in which, a
man named Augusto dos Santos Abranches, dynamizes, in an individual action that turned out to be
transitory, the outbreak of one of the most dynamic moments in literary history, before independence.

2.3.The third period runs from 1964 to 1975:

There is already a literary production that reveals a strong complexity of this period. The relative
homogeneity of the two previous periods is broken. The emergence and action of the National Liberation
Movement gives rise to three great vectors or lines of force:

Literature produced in the liberated areas including

clandestinity in the cities.

Literature produced in cities by intellectuals

who, in general, assume ideological positions of distance from colonial power.

The literature produced to affirm the ideology

colonial in its luso-tropicalist expression.

Once the independence of Mozambique was proclaimed, the influences of the 3rd period continued, with
a distinctive rudder guiding them – the Mozambican Revolution, which led to a literature markedly
political pamphleteering.

3.Framework of the Portuguese language in Mozambique

The Portuguese language is the main means of communication for the Mozambican people. Therefore, it
is the literary language in Mozambique, adopted as the official language of this country, born of national
independence, proclaimed on June 25, 1975. In fact, during the National Liberation Struggle, it was
proclaimed the Language of National Unity. It could not be otherwise, since Mozambique is a mosaic of
several autochthonous, or local, or ethnic languages, which, due to their limited scope, do not allow all
the Mozambican people to communicate effectively. For the time being, it is not foreseeable, either in the
short or medium term, the adoption of at least one language, of Mozambican origin, that could serve as a
literary vehicle or global communication.

4.List of Mozambican

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This is a list of authors from Mozambique , which, arranged in alphabetical order, include the names of
some of the most important Mozambican writers , among them José Craveirinha , Mia Couto , Ungulani
Ba Ka Khosa and Paulina Chiziane.

Aires A. F. Mendes, Albino Magaia, Augusto Carlos, Armando Artur, Calane da Silva, Carlos Cardoso,
Carlos dos Santos, Carlos Osvaldo, Célio João Belo, Davambe, Delmar Maia Gonçalves, Eduardo
Branco, Eusébio Sanjane, Elton Rebello, Glória de Sant'Anna, Gulamo Khan, Hélder Muteia, Heliodoro
dos Santos Baptista, Irene Mendes, João Dias, João dos Santos Albasini, João Paulo Borges Coelho,
Jofredino Faife, Jorge Viegas, José Craveirinha, José Pastor, Juvenal Bucuane, Leite de Vasconcelos,
Lília Momplê, Lina Magaia, Luís Bernardo Honwana, Luís Carlos Patraquim, Marcelino dos Santos,
Marcelo Panguana, Mia Couto, Nelson Saute, Noémia de Sousa, Orlando Mendes, Paulina Chiziane,
Pedro Pereira Lopes, Reinaldo Ferreira,Rui de Noronha, Rui Knopfli, Rui Nogar, Ruy Guerra, Suleiman
Cassamo, Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa, Virgílio de Lemos.

4.1.Life and Work of Mozambican Writers

4.1.1.PAULINA CHIZIANE

Life

Paulina Chiziane ( Manjacaze , Gaza , 4 June 1955) is a Mozambican writer . Paulina Chiziane grew up
in the suburbs of the city of Maputo , formerly called Lourenço Marques . She was born into a Protestant
family where Chope and Ronga were spoken . She learned the Portuguese language at a Catholic mission
school. She began studying Linguistics at Eduardo Mondlane University without, however, having
completed the course.

He actively participated in the Mozambican political scene as a member of Frelimo (Front for the
Liberation of Mozambique), in which he was active during his youth. The writer declared, in an
interview, to have learned the art of militancy in Frelimo. She stopped, however, from getting involved in
politics to dedicate herself to writing and publishing her works. Among the reasons for her choice was
disillusionment with the political directives of the post-independence Frelimo party.

He began his literary activity in 1984, with short stories published in the Mozambican press . With her
first book, Balada de Amor ao Vento , published in 1990, she became the first Mozambican woman to
publish a novel .

Construction:Balada de Amor ao Vento, Ventos do Apocalipse, O Sétimo Juramento, Lisboa: Caminho,

2000, Niketche, Uma História de Poligamia, O Alegre Canto da Perdiz. Lisboa: Caminho, 2008, Na mão
de Deus,2013 ,Por Quem Vibram os Tambores do Além, 2013.

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4.1.2.JOSÉ JOÃO CRAVEIRINHA

Life

Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), 1922 – 2003

Poet, essayist and journalist. He was born in Lourenço Marques (now Maputo), the son of a white father
(Algarvian) and a black mother (ronga). Since his father was a modest official and, at the time of the
option, already retired, José Craveirinha had to be sacrificed, remaining for primary education, so that his
older brother could attend high school. But Craveirinha, who by then was already reading a lot,
influenced by his father, a great lover of Zola, Victor Hugo and Junqueiro, began to take the course his
brother took in high school at home, following the lessons he was having. So his teachers went without
knowing it or only knowing it later. He began his journalistic activity at Brado Africano, but later
collaborated with Notícias, where he was also a proofreader, at Tribuna, Notícias da Beira, Voz de
Moçambique and Cooperador de Moçambique. In the latter, he published a series of essay articles on
Mozambican folklore that constitute an important contribution to the topic. But it was in poetry that
Craveirinha revealed himself as an outstanding case in Portuguese-language lyrics, asserting himself “at
immeasurable distance – the greatest African poet of Portuguese expression” (Rui Knopfli). He would
make his debut as a poet, also in Lourenço Marques's Brado Africano, in 1955, followed by the
publication of his poems in the Itinerário of the same city and in newspapers and magazines in Angola,
Portugal (namely in Mensagem, by Casa dos Estudantes of the Empire) and Brazil, mainly. He appears in
all anthologies of African poetry in Portuguese that have since been published and also in many
anthologies of African poetry in all languages.

Construction

Chigubo _ Lisbon: Casa dos Estudantes do Império, 1964 (with thirteen poems); the 2nd Edition was
renamed Xigubo , with twenty-one poems (Maputo: INLD, 1980).

Cantico a un dio di catrane . Milano: Lerici, 1966. Bilingual edition with translation and preface by Joyce
Lussu.

Karingana ua karingana . Lourenço Marques: Académica, 1974. 2nd Edition, Maputo: INLD, 1982. 3rd
Edition, Maputo: AEMO, 1996.

Cele 1 . Maputo: INLD, 1980 (Poems from prison, as written by Angolans António Jacinto and António
Cardoso).

Izbrannoe . Moskva: Molodaya Gvardiya, 1984.

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Maria. Lisbon: ALAC (Africa, Literature, Art and Culture), 1988 (Poems dedicated to the deceased
woman, selection from many, many dozen, according to the author's information.)

Babalaze das hienase . Maputo: AEMO, 1996.

Hamina e outros contos. Maputo: Ndjira, 1997.

Maria . Vol.2. Maputo: Ndjira, 1998.

Poemas da prisão , Lisbon, Texto Editora, 2004.

Poemas Eróticos . Mozambique Editora/Texto Editores, 2004 (posthumous edition, under the
responsibility of Fátima Mendonça)

4.1.3.MIA COUTO

Life

Mia Couto , pseudonym of António Emílio Leite Couto ( July 5 , 1955 in Beira ), is
a Mozambican biologist and writer

Mia Couto was born and educated in Beira , the capital city of the province of Sofala , in Mozambique –
Africa. She adopted her alias because she had a passion for cats and because her brother couldn't
pronounce his name. At the age of fourteen, she had some poems published in the newspaper “ Noticias
da Beira” and three years later, in 1971, she moved to the capital city of Lourenço
Marques (now Maputo ). She began her university studies in medicine , but left this area at the beginning
of her third year, starting to work as a journalist after the 25th of April 1974. She worked at
the Tribunauntil the destruction of its facilities in September 1975 by settlers who opposed
independence. He was appointed director of the Mozambican Information Agency (AIM) and formed
correspondent links between Mozambican provinces during the time of the liberation war. He then
worked as director of the magazine Tempo until 1981 and continued his career at the
newspaper Notícias until 1985. In 1983, he published his first book of poetry, Raiz de Orvalho , which,
according to some interpretations, includes poems against militant Marxist propaganda. Two years later,
he resigned from the position of director to continue his university studies in the field of biology.

Construction

Mia Couto has an extensive and diversified literary work, including poetry, short stories, novels and
chronicles.

Poetry: Raiz de Orvalho, Idades Cidades Divindades, Tradutor de Chuvas.

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Tales: Vozes Anoitecidas, Caminho, em 1987 ,Cada Homem é uma Raça, Estórias Abensonhadas, Contos
do Nascer da Terra, Na Berma de Nenhuma Estrada, O Fio das Missangas.

Chronicles: Cronicando, O País do Queixa Andar (2003), Pensatempos, Textos de Opinião, E se Obama
fosse Africano? e Outras Interinvenções.

Affairs: Terra Sonâmbula, A Varanda do Frangipani, Mar Me Quer, Vinte e Zinco , O Último Voo do
Flamingo, O Gato e o Escuro, A Chuva Pasmada, O Outro Pé da Sereia, O beijo da palavrinha.

4.1.4.UNGULANI BA KA KHOSA

Life

Ungulani Ba Ka Khosa (pseudonym of Francisco Esaú Cossa), ( Inhaminga , August 1 , 1957 ) is

a writer and teacher from Mozambique .

Khosa did primary education in Sofala province and secondary education, partly in Lourenço
Marques and partly in Zambézia . In Maputo he holds a bachelor's degree in History and Geography at
the Faculty of Education of the Eduardo Mondlane University and has worked as a secondary school
teacher.

In 1982 he works for the Ministry of Education for a year and a half. Six months after leaving the
Ministry of Education he is invited to work at the Association of Mozambican Writers (AEMO), of which
he is a member.

He began his career as a writer with the publication of several short stories and participated in the
founding of the magazine Charrua da AEMO.

It was the reality lived in Niassa and Cabo Delgado , where there were areas of reeducation camps that
were poorly organized, that made him lean more towards literature and, therefore, he felt the need to write
to speak and expose this reality to people. .

Construction: Ualalapi, 1987 ;Orgia dos Loucos, 19902 ;Histórias de Amor e Espanto, 1999; No Reino
dos Abutres, 2002; Os sobreviventes da noite, 2007; Choriro, 2009; Entre as Memórias Silenciadas,
2013.

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6.Conclusion

I conclude by saying that the interweaving of written literature in Mozambican culture is, as
can be seen, an engineering of environmental restructuring on the colonial preexistence that
underwent a profound reinvention, over the course of time, in relation to what was negative.
and offensive. On the secular orality that makes our history ephemeral, the writing that
perpetuates the marks of our existence as a people is born.

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7.Bibliography

https://www.opais.co.mz/literatura-e-cultura-mocambicanas/

https://cabulamz.wordpress.com/vida-e-obra-de-escritores-mocambicanos/

https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura

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