ASSIGNMENT 1

Theory of Equation
1. If the roots of the equation : 3x2 + 2 (k2 + 1) x + (k2 – 3k + 2) = 0 be of opposite signs, then prove that
1<K<2.
(a) Could not solve (b) Solved
2. If 2 lies between the roots of quadratic equation x2 – ax + a = 0, then :
(a) 0 < a < 4 (b) a < 4 (c) a > 4 (d) none of these
3. If the roots of the equation x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0 are real and greater than 3, then :
(a) a   (b) a > 3 (c) a < 2 or a > 3 (d) a  3
4. Let S be the set of values of ‘a’ for which 2 lies between the roots of quadratic equation x 2 + (a + 2)
x – a – 3 = 0. Then S is given by
(a) (–, –5) (b) (5, ) (c) (–, 5) (d) (–5, )
5. The values of a for which both the roots of the equation x2 – (2a – 1) x + a = 0 are positive is:

 2− 3   2− 3 2+ 3 
(a)  ,   (b)  , 
 2   2 2 

 2+ 3 
(c)  ,   (d) none of these
 2 
6. The values of a for which one root is greater than 1 and the other root less than zero, of the
equation x2 + (2a + 1) x + (a – 1) = 0 is :
1
(a) a  − (b) a > 0 (c) 0 < a < 1 (d) a < 1
3
7. If the roots of the equation x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0 are real less than 3, then :
(a) a < 2 (b) 2  a  3 (c) 3 < a  4 (d) a > 4

Find the values of k such that x + 2 x + k = 0 has roots such that 3 lies outside the roots.
2
8.
9. If the roots of x 2 + x + a = 0 exceed a, then
(a) 2  a  3 (b) a  3 (c) −3  a  3 (d) a  −2
10. If c, d are roots of x 2 − 10ax − 11b = 0 and a,b are root of x 2 − 10cx − 11d = 0 , then value of
a + b + c + d is
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11. Find all real solution x of the equation x10 − x 8 + 8x 6 − 24x 4 + 32x2 − 48 = 0
12. Solve 2x99 + 3x98 + 2x97 + 3x96 + ... + 2x + 3 = 0 in R

13. Prove that 1 + x111 + x222 + x333 + x 444 divides 1 + x111 + x222 + x 333 + .. + x 999 .
14. Let r, s, t are roots of equation 8x3 + 1001x + 2008 = 0. Then value of (r + s)3 + (s + t)3
+ (t + r)3 is 7k3 (where k is at ten’s place). Then value of k is _____
15. The value of ‘a’ for which x3 + ax –1 = 0 & x4 + ax2 + 1 = 0 have a common root is – k then k equals
P(1 / 2) + P(−1 / 2) 1 1 1
16. with zeros    If = 100. Find + +
P(0)   


17. If  and  are the roots of both equations x2 + px + q = 0 and x3900 + p1950 x1950 + q1950 = 0. Prove that ,



are the roots of x1950 + 1 + (x + 1)1950 = 0

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Answers Key
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (a)
5. (c) 6. (a) 7. (a) 8.
9. (d) 10. (1210) 11. 12.
13. 14. (5) 15. (2) 16. (0196)
17.
Solutions
1. If the roots of the equation : 3x2 + 2 (k2 + 1) x + (k2 – 3k + 2) = 0 be of opposite signs, then prove that
1<K<2.
(a) Could not solve (b) Solved
Ans: (b)
Sol: Given,

3x 2 + 2 ( k 2 + 1) x + ( k 2 − 3k + 2 ) = 0

If roots are of opposite sign, then product of roots is negative

Thus
k 2 − 3k + 2
0
3
k 2 − 2k − k + 2  0
( k − 2 )( k − 1)  0
1 k  2
2. If 2 lies between the roots of quadratic equation x2 – ax + a = 0, then :
(a) 0 < a < 4 (b) a < 4 (c) a > 4 (d) none of these
Ans: (c)
Sol: Given, 2 lies between the roots for x 2 − ax + a = 0
Thus
(1) f ( 2 )  0
4 − 2a + a  0
4−a  0
a4
3. If the roots of the equation x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0 are real and greater than 3, then :
(a) a   (b) a > 3 (c) a < 2 or a > 3 (d) a  3
 4

Ans: (a)
Sol: Given equation
x 2 − 2ax + a 2 + a − 3 = 0
For roots greater than 3

When we take common

No value of ‘a’ satisfy
4. Let S be the set of values of ‘a’ for which 2 lies between the roots of quadratic equation x 2 + (a + 2)
x – a – 3 = 0. Then S is given by
(a) (–, –5) (b) (5, ) (c) (–, 5) (d) (–5, )
Ans: (a)
Sol: Since ‘2’ lies between the roots

Thus, (1) f ( 2 )  0

4 + 2 ( a + 2) − a − 3  0
4 + 2a + 4 − a − 3  0
a+5 0
a  −5
a  ( −, −5)

5. The values of a for which both the roots of the equation x2 – (2a – 1) x + a = 0 are positive is:

 2− 3   2− 3 2+ 3 
(a)  ,   (b)  , 
 2   2 2 

 2+ 3 
(c)  ,   (d) none of these
 2 
Ans: (c)

Sol: Given equation x 2 − ( 2a − 1) x + a = 0

 5

If both roots are positive, then

Solution common to all is

 2+ 3 
a   ,  
 2 
6. The values of a for which one root is greater than 1 and the other root less than zero, of the
equation x2 + (2a + 1) x + (a – 1) = 0 is :
1
(a) a  − (b) a > 0 (c) 0 < a < 1 (d) a < 1
3
Ans: (a)
Sol: Given equation
x 2 + ( 2a + 1) x + ( a − 1) = 0

If one root is greater than 1 and other root is less than 0.

Then,

(1) f (1)  0 and (1) f ( 0 )  0

1 + 2a + 1 + a − 1  0 and a −1  0
3a + 1  0 and a 1
−1
a
3
−1
Thus a 
3
7. If the roots of the equation x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0 are real less than 3, then :
(a) a < 2 (b) 2  a  3 (c) 3 < a  4 (d) a > 4
Ans: (a)
Sol: Given equation,
x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0
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For all real and less than 3

Taking common solution

a  ( −, 2 )

Find the values of k such that x + 2 x + k = 0 has roots such that 3 lies outside the roots.
2
8.
Sol: for 3 lies outside the roots

(1) f ( 3)  0
9+6+k  0
k  −15
22 − 4k  0 and D  0
a 2 − 4k  0
−4k  −4
k 1
k  ( −15,1
9. If the roots of x 2 + x + a = 0 exceed a, then
(a) 2  a  3 (b) a  3 (c) −3  a  3 (d) a  −2
Ans: (d)
Sol: Given x 2 + x + a = 0

 f (a)  0

 D0
And the minimum value is
−b
a
2a
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Since f ( a )  0

a 2 + 2a  0
a ( a + 2)  0

a  0 or a  −2 ...(1)

Also D  0
1 − 4a  0
1
a ...( 2 )
4
−b
a
2a
−1
 a ...( 3)
2
From (1) (2) & (3)
 a  −2

10. If c, d are roots of x 2 − 10ax − 11b = 0 and a,b are root of x 2 − 10cx − 11d = 0 , then value of
a + b + c + d is
Ans: 1210.00
c + d = 10a ...(1)
Sol:
a + b = 10c ...( 2 )

Subtracting (1) from (2) we get

( a − c ) + ( b − d ) = 10 ( c − a )
 b − d = 11( c − a )

As c is a root of x 2 − 10ax − 11b = 0 , we get

c 2 − 10ac − 11b = 0 ...( 3)

Similarly, a 2 − 10ac − 11d = 0 ...( 4 )

c 2 − a 2 = 11( b − d )

 ( c − a )( c + a ) = (11)11( c − a )

 c + a = 121
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 a + b + c + d = 10 ( a + c ) [from (1) and (2)]

= 10(121) = 1210
11. Find all real solution x of the equation x10 − x 8 + 8x 6 − 24x 4 + 32x2 − 48 = 0
Sol. let x2 = t, t ≥ 0

t5 − t4 + 8t3 − 24t2 + 32t − 48 = 0

By inspection, t =2 is a root
t5 − t4 + 8t3 − 24t2 + 32t − 48 = (t− 2)(t4 + t3 + 10t2 − 4t+ 24) = 0

t4 + t3 + 10t2 − 4 t+ 24 = 0 has no real root for t ≥ 0.

When t ≥ 1, 10t2 > 4t
t4 + t3 + 10t2 − 4 t+ 24  0
No solution for t ≥ 1
When 0 ≤ t < 1
-4t+24 > 0
t4 + t3 + 10t2 − 4 t+ 24  0
No solution for 0 ≤ t < 1
Therefore, t = 2 is the only solution.
⇒ x2 = 2 ⇒ x = ±√2
12. Solve 2x99 + 3x98 + 2x97 + 3x96 + ... + 2x + 3 = 0 in R

Sol. 2x(x98 + x96 +…….+ 1) + 3(x98 + x96 +…………..+1) = 0

(x98 + x96 +…………..+1)(2x+3) = 0
x = -3/2, 2nd factor has no real solution as all terms are positive.
13. Prove that 1 + x111 + x222 + x333 + x 444 divides 1 + x111 + x222 + x 333 + .. + x 999 .
Sol. 1 + x111 + x222 + x 333 + .. + x 999 = 1 + x111 + x 222 + x 333 + x 444 + x 555 (1 + x111 + x 222 + x 333 + x 444 )
= (1 + x111 + x222 + x 333 + x 444 )(1 + x 555 )
14. Let r, s, t are roots of equation 8x3 + 1001x + 2008 = 0. Then value of (r + s)3 + (s + t)3
+ (t + r)3 is 7k3 (where k is at ten’s place). Then value of k is _____
Sol. [5]
−2008
 r + s + t = 0, rst = = – 251
8

Now Let r + s = x
 9

s+t=y
t+r=z
 x + y + z = 2 (r + s + t) = 0
 x3 + y3 + z3 = 3xyz
= 3 (r + s) (s + t) (t + r)
= 3 (– t) (– r) (– s) = – 3 rst
= –3 × (– 251)
= 753
15. The value of ‘a’ for which x3 + ax –1 = 0 & x4 + ax2 + 1 = 0 have a common root is – k then k equals
Sol. [2]
Let  is common root
3 + a  – 1 = 0 ……(i)
& 4 + a 2 + 1 = 0 ……(ii)
Multiply equation (i) by  & subtract from (ii)
  = –1
 put in (i)
 a = –2
P(1 / 2) + P(−1 / 2) 1 1 1
16. Let P(x) be a cubic polynomial with zeros    If = 100. Find + +
P(0)   

Sol. [0196]
Let P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d
P(1/2) + P(–1/2) = 2b (1/4) + 2d
P(0) = d
2b / 4 + 2d
= 100
d

2b b
 + 2 = 100  = 98
4d 2d

b d
also  +  +  = – ,  = –
a a

1 1 1 b
+ + = = 0196
   d
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
17. If  and  are the roots of both equations x2 + px + q = 0 and x3900 + p1950 x1950 + q1950 = 0. Prove that ,



are the roots of x1950 + 1 + (x + 1)1950 = 0


Sol. x2 + px + q = 0 roots (, )

 +  = − p,  = q
Also ( ) are the of the roots equation
x3900 + p1950 x1950 + q1950 = 0
 1950 + 1950 = – p1950 and 1950 1950 = q1950 …(1)
Now  is a root of x1950 + 1 + (x + 1)1950 = 0
1950 1950
   
  + 1 +  + 1 =0
   
1950 + 1950 + ( + )1950 = 0
– p1950 + (– p)1950 = 0