‫ﻃﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺟﻴﻮﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻛﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺧﺪﻣﺎت اﳌﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺮﻛﺰ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ اﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫رﺋﻴﺲ اﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮرﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬

‫دﻟﻴﻞ اﻟﺪراﺳﺎت واﻻﺑﺤﺎث اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺟﻴﻮﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻛﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻢ‬

‫اﺟﺘامع‬

‫ﻃﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬: ‫ﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﺯﻛﻲ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‬/‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺎﻳﺨﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ واﻟﺠﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎ واﻟﱰاﺟﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬: ‫ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﺍﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬: 2003
‫اﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺗﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬: ‫ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ‬
:‫ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ واﻷدب‬
The Akbarah Formation is one of the oldest sedimentary cover that exposed in a
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮم‬ braod belt at the mountain terrain of high plateau of northwest Yemen . It comprises
siliciclastic successions of the Late Paleozic age. It is extensively extend eastwards to
‫اﻟﺪﻳﻦ‬ Ma’rib-Jawf and Rub’Alkhali basins. The current study deals with stratigraphy,
sedimentology (sedimentary structures, petrography and diagenesis, and facies
‫اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ analysis), geochemistry (clay mineralogy and organic geochemistry-source rock
evaluation) and the basin analysis and geodynamic evolution of the Akbarah basin.
‫اﻹدارة واﳌﺤﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ Five stratigraphic sections were chosen represented the most important exposed
areas. Hajjah district represents the largest thickness, comprising the main trough
‫اﻟﻔﻠﺴﻔﺔ وﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻨﻔﺲ‬ axis of the Akbarah basin. Where Saadah district represents the minimum thickness
and comprise the basin boarder. The studied sections are, Jabal Meswar, Yanat Al-
‫اﻗﺘﺼﺎد‬ Ashmour, Kuhlan, and Bait Mahdi localities in Hajjah, and Wadi Akbra locality in
Saadah district.
‫اﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ واﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮن‬
Lithostratigraphically, the Akbarah Formation can be divided into two major parts,
‫اﻟﻬﻨﺪﺳﺔ واﻟﻌامرة‬
shows essential differences in lithology and sedimentological characters. In Hajjah,
the lower part is of glaciogenic marine sediments, where the upper consist of marine
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺒﴩﻳﺔ‬
rocks. While in Saadah district, the whole sequence shows glaciogenic marine
sediments. Each part can be subdivided into two units with the fifth transition zone
between the Akbarah and the overlaying Kuhlan Formation.

In Hajjah district, the Akbarah sequence consists of periglacial-proximal

glaciomarine, distal glaciomarine, distal marine, deep marine and transitional marine
units, respectively. Where in Saadah, the Akbarah sequence consists of periglacial
marine, proglacial marine, proximal glaciomarine, distal glaciomarine and
transitional ice margin marine units respectively. The two studied districts shows
clear lithologic differences according to their position within the basin, and their
distance from glacial center and the sediment supply.

The Akbarah Formation is bounded by erosional nonconformity surface with

http://www.yemen-nic.info/contents/studies/detail.php?ID=4932[‫ ﻡ‬08:26:00 03/10/2010]

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺟﻴﻮﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻛﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬

underlying Precambrian Basement Rocks and seems to be graditional conformable

contact with the overlying Kuhlan Formation, which shows no obvious fossil contents.
The lower part is of Late Carboniferous-Early Permian age, where the upper part is
of Permian age, as previously dated.

Wide varieties of primary inorganic sedimentary structures were recognized through

the sequence indicating marine turbidities origin. The main important structure is the
graded bedding of Bouma turbidity cycle, which shows development upward the
sequence from shallow marine shelf upto deep marine environment, associated with
specific deepening in water depth.

Petrographic study shows that the Akbarah Sandstone units are of Greywacke type
with few Arkoses in the upper part of Kuhlan and Wadi Akbra sections. All types of
diagenetic processes were identified in this sandstone with variable intensities. These
are, compaction, cementation, replacement, recrystallization, pressure solution,
authigensis, albitization and calcitization processes.

Facies analysis show wide varieties of facies types especially in the lower part of the
sequence which confirms high lateral and vertical facies variations due to the
influence of glaciation and turbidity currents. These facies were grouped into five
facies associations for each studied area. Each one represents certain
lithostratigraphic unit. These are, periglacial-proximal glaciomarine turbidities, distal
galciomarine turbidities, distal marine turbidities, deep marine turbidities and
transitional marine facies associations for Hajjah district. Where Saadah district
includes, periglacial marine turbidities, proglacial marine turbidities, proximal
glaciomarine turbidities, distal glaciomarine turbidities and transitional ice margine
facies associations.

Facies analysis in Hajjah suggests that the environment of depostion of the Akbarah
‫ﺑﺤﺚ‬ Formation is marine shelf for the lower part, developed upward into deep marine
environment. The lower part showing great influence of glaciation and turbidity
currents, where the upper part shows completely absence of glacial events and
continoueus influence of turbidity currents. While in Saadah, the whole sequence
shows effect of glaciation and turbidity currents and shows developed marine
transgression upwards.

Facies distributions, paleogeographic setting, and correlation with adjacent areas

show two essential periods. These are, Late Carboniferous-Early Permian, which
‫ﺩﺧﻮﻝ‬
characterized by distributions of glaciogenic marine turbidite facies, and Permian,
✔ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ‬ which characterized by distributions of marine turbidite facies. The whole sequence
‫ﻫﻞ ﻧﺴﻴﺖ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﻭﺭ؟‬
shows upward development of major marine transgression from marine shelf to deep
marine stage.
‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
Caly mineralogical XRD-analysis shows varieties of clay minerals, these are,
Kaolinite-Smectite mixed layer, Kaolinite, Illite, Chlorite, Rectorite, Lepidocrosite.
Paragensis of these varieties suggest that they derived from major intrusive acidic,
with minor extrusive basic, metamorphic and rare sedimentary rocks.
✔ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪﻳﺔ‬
Organic geochemical analyses were carried out for selected samples to evaluate the
✔ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‬
source rock potentiality. The TOC% value appears poor (weak) source rocks for
✔ ‫ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ ﺍﻟﺠﺎﺭﻳﺔ‬ hydrocarbon generation. Four types of Kerogen organic matter were

http://www.yemen-nic.info/contents/studies/detail.php?ID=4932[‫ ﻡ‬08:26:00 03/10/2010]

‫ﻃﺒﺎﻗﺔ ﻭﺟﻴﻮﻛﻴﻤﻴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺤﻮﺽ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺃﻛﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺠﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﺩﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻙ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻲ‬ petrographically recognized, these are, Liptinite, Exinite, Vitrinite and Intertinite
with variable percentages from the spores and pollen grains productive layers. The
‫ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ‬
Akbarah Formation shows immature organic matters in all studied samples.

Sedimentary basin analysis proved that the Akbarah basin is of intracratonic rift sag
basin. According to isostasy principle, the Akbarah crustal floor were subjected to
vertical load strees comes from the accumulation of the huge glaciers, which act to
increase temperature of the lower crust and the upper asthenosphere. These factors
acting to create extension in the loading center and consequently, forming thermal
uplift for the surrounding areas of the basin. Contineuous extension lead to create
sudsidence starting in the basin margin of the load. Detachment was formed along
with, the extensitional rift was acting upon. Consequently with rifting, major marine
transgression was generated and the Akbarah sedimentation was developed.
Geodynamic evolution of the Akbarah basin passing through five essential phase,
these are, regional glaciation, transtension, extension and rifting, sag and regional
onlap, and eventually isostatic retension phase, explaining the evolution of the the
Akbarah basin through the Late Carboniferous - Permian times.

‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬

‫ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬

‫اﳌﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﻮﻃﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬

‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﺤﻘﻮق ﻣﺤﻔﻮﻇﺔ‬ <>

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