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 Sixth Edition

Fundamentals of
Electric Circuits
Charles K. Alexander | Matthew N.O. Sadiku
 Contents vii

10.4 Superposition Theorem 419 12.11 Summary 541

10.5 Source Transformation 422 Review Questions 541
10.6 Thevenin and Norton Problems 542
Equivalent Circuits 424 Comprehensive Problems 551
10.7 Op Amp AC Circuits 429
10.8 AC Analysis Using PSpice 431
10.9 Applications 435
10.9.1 Capacitance Multiplier
Chapter 13 Magnetically Coupled
10.9.2 Oscillators
Circuits 553
10.10 Summary 439
Review Questions 439 13.1 Introduction 554
Problems 441 13.2 Mutual Inductance 555
13.3 Energy in a Coupled Circuit 562
13.4 Linear Transformers 565
13.5 Ideal Transformers 571
13.6 Ideal Autotransformers 579
Chapter 11 AC Power Analysis 455
13.7 Three-Phase Transformers 582
11.1 Introduction 456 13.8 PSpice Analysis of Magnetically
11.2 Instantaneous and Average Power 456 Coupled Circuits 584
11.3 Maximum Average Power Transfer 462 13.9 Applications 589
11.4 Effective or RMS Value 465 13.9.1 Transformer as an Isolation Device
11.5 Apparent Power and 13.9.2 Transformer as a Matching Device
Power Factor 468 13.9.3 Power Distribution
11.6 Complex Power 471 13.10 Summary 595
11.7 Conservation of AC Power 475 Review Questions 596
11.8 Power Factor Correction 479 Problems 597
11.9 Applications 481 Comprehensive Problems 609
11.9.1 Power Measurement
11.9.2 Electricity Consumption Cost
11.10 Summary 486
Review Questions 488
Chapter 14 Frequency Response 611
Problems 488
Comprehensive Problems 498 14.1 Introduction 612
14.2 Transfer Function 612
14.3 The Decibel Scale 615
14.4 Bode Plots 617
14.5 Series Resonance 627
Chapter 12 Three-Phase Circuits 501
14.6 Parallel Resonance 632
12.1 Introduction 502 14.7 Passive Filters 635
12.2 Balanced Three-Phase Voltages 503 14.7.1 Low-Pass Filter
12.3 Balanced Wye-Wye Connection 507 14.7.2 High-Pass Filter
12.4 Balanced Wye-Delta Connection 510 14.7.3 Band-Pass Filter
12.5 Balanced Delta-Delta 14.7.4 Band-Stop Filter
Connection 512 14.8 Active Filters 640
12.6 Balanced Delta-Wye Connection 514 14.8.1 First-Order Low-Pass Filter
12.7 Power in a Balanced System 517 14.8.2 First-Order High-Pass Filter
12.8 Unbalanced Three-Phase 14.8.3 Band-Pass Filter
Systems 523 14.8.4 Band-Reject (or Notch) Filter
12.9 PSpice for Three-Phase Circuits 527 14.9 Scaling 646
12.10 Applications 532 14.9.1 Magnitude Scaling
12.10.1 Three-Phase Power Measurement 14.9.2 Frequency Scaling
12.10.2 Residential Wiring 14.9.3 Magnitude and Frequency Scaling
viii Contents

14.10 Frequency Response Using Chapter 17 The Fourier Series 757

PSpice 650
17.1 Introduction 758
14.11 Computation Using MATLAB 653
17.2 Trigonometric Fourier Series 759
14.12 Applications 655
17.3 Symmetry Considerations 766
14.12.1 Radio Receiver
17.3.1 Even Symmetry
14.12.2 Touch-Tone Telephone
17.3.2 Odd Symmetry
14.12.3 Crossover Network
17.3.3 Half-Wave Symmetry
14.13 Summary 661
17.4 Circuit Applications 776
Review Questions 662
17.5 Average Power and RMS Values 780
Problems 663
17.6 Exponential Fourier Series 783
Comprehensive Problems 671
17.7 Fourier Analysis with PSpice 789
17.7.1 Discrete Fourier Transform
17.7.2 Fast Fourier Transform
17.8 Applications 795
PART 3 Advanced Circuit 17.8.1 Spectrum Analyzers
Analysis 672 17.8.2 Filters
17.9 Summary 798
Chapter 15 Introduction to the Laplace Review Questions 800
Transform 673 Problems 800
Comprehensive Problems 809
15.1 Introduction 674
15.2 Definition of the Laplace
Transform 675
15.3 Properties of the Laplace
Transform 677 Chapter 18 Fourier Transform 811
15.4 The Inverse Laplace Transform 688
18.1 Introduction 812
15.4.1 Simple Poles
18.2 Definition of the Fourier Transform 812
15.4.2 Repeated Poles
18.3 Properties of the Fourier
15.4.3 Complex Poles
Transform 818
15.5 The Convolution Integral 695
18.4 Circuit Applications 831
15.6 Application to Integrodifferential
18.5 Parseval’s Theorem 834
Equations 703
18.6 Comparing the Fourier and
15.7 Summary 706
Laplace Transforms 837
Review Questions 706
18.7 Applications 838
Problems 707
18.7.1 Amplitude Modulation
18.7.2 Sampling
18.8 Summary 841
Review Questions 842
Chapter 16 Applications of the Laplace
Problems 843
Transform 713
Comprehensive Problems 849
16.1 Introduction 714
16.2 Circuit Element Models 715
16.3 Circuit Analysis 720
16.4 Transfer Functions 724
Chapter 19 Two-Port Networks 851
16.5 State Variables 728
16.6 Applications 735 19.1 Introduction 852
16.6.1 Network Stability 19.2 Impedance Parameters 853
16.6.2 Network Synthesis 19.3 Admittance Parameters 857
16.7 Summary 743 19.4 Hybrid Parameters 860
Review Questions 744 19.5 Transmission Parameters 865
Problems 745 19.6 Relationships Between
Comprehensive Problems 756 Parameters 870
 Contents ix

19.7 Interconnection of Networks 873 Appendix A Simultaneous Equations and Matrix

19.8 Computing Two-Port Parameters Inversion A
Using PSpice 879
Appendix B Complex Numbers A-9
19.9 Applications 882
19.9.1 Transistor Circuits Appendix C Mathematical Formulas A-16
19.9.2 Ladder Network Synthesis
Appendix D Answers to Odd-Numbered
19.10 Summary 891
Problems A-21
Review Questions 892
Problems 892 Selected Bibliography B-1
Comprehensive Problem 903 Index I-1
Preface
In keeping with our focus on space for covers for our book, we have
chosen the NASA Voyager spacecraft for the sixth edition. The reason
for this is that like any spacecraft there are many circuits that play criti -
cal roles in their functionality. The beginning of the Voyager 1 and 2
odyssey began on August 20, 1977, for Voyager 2 and on September 5,
1977, for Voyager 1. Both were launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space
Center in Florida. The Voyager 1 was launched on a faster orbit so it
eventually became the first man-made object to leave our solar system.
There is some debate over whether it has actually left the solar system,
but it certainly will at some point in time. Voyager 2 and two Pioneer
spacecraft will also leave the solar system at some point in time.
Voyager 1 is still functioning and sending back data, a truly signifi-
cant achievement for NASA engineers. The design processes that make
the Voyager operate so reliably are based on the fundamentals discussed
in this textbook. Finally, space is vast so that Voyager 1 will fly past
other solar systems; the odds of actually coming into contact with some-
thing are so remote that it may virtually fly through the universe forever!
For more about Voyager 1, go to NASA’s website: www.nasa.gov/.

Features
New to This Edition
We have added learning objectives to each chapter to reflect what we
believe are the most important items to learn from each chapter. These
should help you focus more carefully on what you should be learning.
There are more than 580 revised end-of-chapter problems, new end-
of-chapter problems, and revised practice problems. We continue to try and
make our problems as practical as possible.
In addition, we have improved Connect for this edition by increasing
the number of problems available substantially. Now, professors may select
from more than a thousand problems as they build thier online homework
assignments.
We have also built SmartBook for this edition. With SmartBook, stu -
dents get the same text as the print version, along with personalized tips on
what to study next, thanks to SmartBook’s adaptive technology.

Retained from Previous Editions

A course in circuit analysis is perhaps the first exposure students have
to electrical engineering. This is also a place where we can enhance
some of the skills that they will later need as they learn how to design.
An important part of this book is our 121design a problem problems.
These problems were developed to enhance skills that are an impor -
tant part of the design process. We know it is not possible to fully de-
velop a student’s design skills in a fundamental course like circuits.
To fully develop design skills a student needs a design experience
xi
xii Preface

normally reserved for their senior year. This does not mean that some
of those skills cannot be developed and exercised in a circuits course.
The text already included open-ended questions that help students
use creativity, which is an important part of learning how to design.
We already have some questions that are open-ended but we desired
to add much more into our text in this important area and have devel-
oped an approach to do just that. When we develop problems for the
student to solve our goal is that in solving the problem the student
learns more about the theory and the problem solving process. Why
not have the students design problems like we do? That is exactly
what we do in each chapter. Within the normal problem set, we have
a set of problems where we ask the student to design a problem to
help other students better understand an important concept. This has
two very important results. The first will be a better understanding of
the basic theory and the second will be the enhancement of some of
the student’s basic design skills. We are making effective use of the
principle of learning by teaching. Essentially we all learn better when
we teach a subject. Designing effective problems is a key part of
the teaching process. Students should also be encouraged to develop
problems, when appropriate, which have nice numbers and do not
necessarily overemphasize complicated mathematical manipulations.
A very important advantage to our textbook, we have a total of2,481
Examples, Practice Problems, Review Questions, and End-of-Chapter
Problems! Answers are provided for all practice problems and the odd
numbered end-of-chapter problems.
The main objective of the sixth edition of this book remains the
same as the previous editions—to present circuit analysis in a manner
that is clearer, more interesting, and easier to understand than other cir -
cuit textbooks, and to assist the student in beginning to see the “fun” in
engineering. This objective is achieved in the following ways:

• Chapter Openers and Summaries

Each chapter opens with a discussion about how to enhance skills
which contribute to successful problem solving as well as success -
ful careers or a career-oriented talk on a subdiscipline of electrical
engineering. This is followed by an introduction that links the chap-
ter with the previous chapters and states the chapter objectives. The
chapter ends with a summary of key points and formulas.
• Problem-Solving Methodology
Chapter 1 introduces a six-step method for solving circuit problems
which is used consistently throughout the book and media supple -
ments to promote best-practice problem-solving procedures.
• Student-Friendly Writing Style
All principles are presented in a lucid, logical, step-by-step man -
ner. As much as possible, we avoid wordiness and giving too much
detail that could hide concepts and impede overall understanding of
the material.
• Boxed Formulas and Key Terms
Important formulas are boxed as a means of helping students sort
out what is essential from what is not. Also, to ensure that students
clearly understand the key elements of the subject matter, key terms
are defined and highlighted.
 Preface xiii

• Margin Notes
Marginal notes are used as a pedagogical aid. They serve multiple
uses such as hints, cross-references, more exposition, warnings,
reminders not to make some particular common mistakes, and prob-
lem-solving insights.
• Worked Examples
Thoroughly worked examples are liberally given at the end of ev -
ery section. The examples are regarded as a part of the text and are
clearly explained without asking the reader to fill in missing steps.
Thoroughly worked examples give students a good understanding
of the solution process and the confidence to solve problems them-
selves. Some of the problems are solved in two or three different
ways to facilitate a substantial comprehension of the subject mate -
rial as well as a comparison of different approaches.
• Practice Problems
To give students practice opportunity, each illustrative example is
immediately followed by a practice problem with the answer. The
student can follow the example step-by-step to aid in the solution of
the practice problem without flipping pages or looking at the end of
the book for answers. The practice problem is also intended to test a
student’s understanding of the preceding example. It will reinforce
their grasp of the material before the student can move on to the
next section. Complete solutions to the practice problems are avail-
able to students on the website.
• Application Sections
The last section in each chapter is devoted to practical application
aspects of the concepts covered in the chapter. The material covered
in the chapter is applied to at least one or two practical problems
or devices. This helps students see how the concepts are applied to
real-life situations.
• Review Questions
Ten review questions in the form of multiple-choice objective items
are provided at the end of each chapter with answers. The review
questions are intended to cover the little “tricks” that the examples
and end-of-chapter problems may not cover. They serve as a self
test device and help students determine how well they have mas -
tered the chapter.
• Computer Tools
®
In recognition of the requirements by ABET on integrating
computer tools, the use of PSpice, Multisim, MATLAB, KCIDE for
Circuits, and developing design skills are encouraged in a student-
friendly manner. PSpice is covered early on in the text so that stu -
dents can become familiar and use it throughout the text. Tutorials
on all of these are available onConnect. MATLAB is also introduced
early in the book.
• Design a Problem Problems
Finally, design a problem problems are meant to help the student de-
velop skills that will be needed in the design process.
• Historical Tidbits
Historical sketches throughout the text provide profiles of important
pioneers and events relevant to the study of electrical engineering.
xiv Preface

• Early Op Amp Discussion

The operational amplifier (op amp) as a basic element is introduced
early in the text.
• Fourier and Laplace Transforms Coverage
To ease the transition between the circuit course and signals and
systems courses, Fourier and Laplace transforms are covered lu -
cidly and thoroughly. The chapters are developed in a manner that
the interested instructor can go from solutions of first-order circuits
to Chapter 15. This then allows a very natural progression from
Laplace to Fourier to AC.
• Four-Color Art Program
An interior design and four-color art program bring circuit drawings
to life and enhance key pedagogical elements throughout the text.
• Extended Examples
Examples worked in detail according to the six-step problem solv -
ing method provide a road map for students to solve problems in a
consistent fashion. At least one example in each chapter is devel -
oped in this manner.
• EC 2000 Chapter Openers
Based on ABET’s skill-based CRITERION 3, these chapter openers
are devoted to discussions as to how students can acquire the skills
that will lead to a significantly enhanced career as an engineer. Be-
cause these skills are so very important to the student while still in
college as well after graduation, we use the heading, “Enhancing
your Skills and your Career.”
• Homework Problems
There are 580 new or revised end-of-chapter problems and changed
practice problems which will provide students with plenty of practice
as well as reinforce key concepts.
• Homework Problem Icons
Icons are used to highlight problems that relate to engineering de -
sign as well as problems that can be solved using PSpice, Multisim,
KCIDE, or MATLAB.

Organization
This book was written for a two-semester or three-quarter course in
linear circuit analysis. The book may also be used for a one-semester
course by a proper selection of chapters and sections by the instructor. It
is broadly divided into three parts.

• Part 1, consisting of Chapters 1 to 8, is devoted to dc circuits. It

covers the fundamental laws and theorems, circuits techniques, and
passive and active elements.
• Part 2, which contains Chapter 9 to 14, deals with ac circuits. It
introduces phasors, sinusoidal steady-state analysis, ac power, rms
values, three-phase systems, and frequency response.
• Part 3, consisting of Chapters 15 to 19, are devoted to advanced
techniques for network analysis. It provides students with a solid
introduction to the Laplace transform, Fourier series, Fourier trans-
form, and two-port network analysis.
 Preface xv

The material in the three parts is more than sufficient for a two-semester
course, so the instructor must select which chapters or sections to cover.
Sections marked with the dagger sign (†) may be skipped, explained
briefly, or assigned as homework. They can be omitted without loss of
continuity. Each chapter has plenty of problems grouped according to the
sections of the related material and diverse enough that the instructor can
choose some as examples and assign some as homework. As stated ear -
lier, we are using three icons with this edition. We are using to de-
note problems that either require PSpice in the solution process, where
the circuit complexity is such that PSpice or Multisim would make the
solution process easier, and where PSpice or Multisim makes a good
check to see if the problem has been solved correctly. We are using
to denote problems where MATLAB is required in the solution process,
where MATLAB makes sense because of the problem makeup and its
complexity, and where MATLAB makes a good check to see if the prob-
lem has been solved correctly. Finally, we use to identify problems
that help the student develop skills that are needed for engineering
design. More difficult problems are marked with an asterisk (*).
Comprehensive problems follow the end-of-chapter problems. They
are mostly applications problems that require skills learned from that
particular chapter.

Prerequisites
As with most introductory circuit courses, the main prerequisites, for a
course using this textbook, are physics and calculus. Although familiar -
ity with complex numbers is helpful in the later part of the book, it is not
required. A very important asset of this text is that ALL the mathemati -
cal equations and fundamentals of physics needed by the student, are
included in the text.

Acknowledgments
We would like to express our appreciation for the loving support we
have received from our wives (Hannah and Kikelomo), daughters
(Christina, Tamara, Jennifer, Motunrayo, Ann, and Joyce), son (Baixi),
and our extended family members. We sincerely appreciate the invalu-
able help given us by Richard Rarick in helping us make the sixth edi-
tion a significantly more relevant book. He has checked all the new and
revised problems and offered advice on making them more accurate
and clear.
At McGraw-Hill, we would like to thank the following editorial
and production staff: Raghu Srinivasan, global brand manager; Vincent
Bradshaw, product developer; Nick McFadden, marketing manager;
and Melissa Leick, content project manager.
The sixth edition has benefited greatly from the many outstanding
individuals who have offered suggestions for improvements in both the
text as well as the various problems. In particular, we thank Nicholas
Reeder, Professor of Electronics Engineering Technology, Sinclair
Community College, Dayton, Ohio, and Douglas De Boer, Professor
of Engineering, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, for their detailed
and careful corrections and suggestions for clarification which have
xvi Preface

contributed to making this a better edition. In addition, the follow -

ing have made important contributions to this edition (in alphabetical
order):
Zekeriya Aliyazicioglu, California State Polytechnic University—
Pomona
Rajan Chandra, California State Polytechnic University—Pomona
Mohammad Haider, University of Alabama—Birmingham
John Heathcote, Reedley College
Peter LoPresti, University of Tulsa
Robert Norwood, John Brown University
Aaron Ohta, University of Hawaii—Manoa
Salomon Oldak, California State Polytechnic University—Pomona
Hesham Shaalan, U.S. Merchant Marine Academy
Surendra Singh, University of Tulsa
Finally, we sincerely appreciate the feedback received from instructors
and students who used the previous editions. We want this to continue, so
please keep sending us e-mails or direct them to the publisher. We can be
reached at c.alexander@ieee.org for Charles Alexander and sadiku@ieee
.org for Matthew Sadiku.
C. K. Alexander and M. N. O. Sadiku

Supplements
Instructor and Student Resources
Available on Connect are a number of additional instructor and student
resources to accompany the text. These include complete solutions for
all practice and end-of-chapter problems, solutions in PSpice and Mul-
tisim problems, lecture PowerPoints ®, and text image files. In addition,
instructors can use COSMOS, a complete online solutions manual or-
ganization system to create custom homework, quizzes, and tests using
end-of-chapter problems from the text.

Knowledge Capturing Integrated Design

Environment for Circuits (KCIDE for Circuits)
This software, developed at Cleveland State University and funded by
NASA, is designed to help the student work through a circuits problem
in an organized manner using the six-step problem-solving methodology
in the text. KCIDE for Circuits allows students to work a circuit problem
in PSpice and MATLAB, track the evolution of their solution, and save a
record of their process for future reference. In addition, the software auto-
matically generates a Word document and/or a PowerPoint presentation.
The software package can be downloaded for free.
It is hoped that the book and supplemental materials supply the in -
structor with all the pedagogical tools necessary to effectively present
the material.

McGraw-Hill Create®
Craft your teaching resources to match the way you teach! With McGraw-
Hill Create, http://create.mheducation.com, you can easily rearrange chap-
ters, combine material from other content sources, and quickly upload
 Preface xvii

content you have written like your course syllabus or teaching notes. Find
the content you need in Create by searching through thousands of lead -
ing McGraw-Hill textbooks. Arrange your book to fit your teaching style.
Create even allows you to personalize your book’s appearance by select -
ing the cover and adding your name, school, and course information. Or -
der a Create book and you’ll receive a complimentary print review copy
in three to five business days or a complimentary electronic review copy
(eComp) via e-mail in minutes. Go to http://create.mheducation.com to-
day and register to experience how McGraw-Hill Create empowers you to
teach your students your way.
 ®

Required=Results

McGraw-Hill Connect®
Learn Without Limits
Connect is a teaching and learning platform
that is proven to deliver better results for
students and instructors.
Connect empowers students by continually
adapting to deliver precisely what they
need, when they need it and how they need
it, so your class time is more engaging and
effective.

Using Connect improves passing rates

by 10.8% and retention by 16.4%.
88% of instructors who use Connect
require it; instructor satisfaction increases
by 38% when Connect is required.

Analytics
Connect Insight®
Connect Insight is Connect’s new one-of-a-kind
visual analytics dashboard—now available for
both instructors and students—that provides
at-a-glance information regarding student
performance, which is immediately actionable. By presenting
assignment, assessment, and topical performance results together
with a time metric that is easily visible for aggregate or individual Students can view
results, Connect Insight gives the user the ability to take a just-in-
time approach to teaching and learning, which was never before
their results for any
available. Connect Insight presents data that empowers students Connect course.
and helps instructors improve class performance in a way that is
efficient and effective.

Mobile
Connect’s new, intuitive mobile interface gives students
and instructors flexible and convenient, anytime–anywhere
access to all components of the Connect platform.
Adaptive
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TO TRANSFORM THE
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study more efficiently, SmartBook contains
the same content within the print book, but
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individual. SmartBook’s adaptive technology
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About the Authors
Charles K. Alexander is professor of electrical and computer engineer-
ing in the Washkewicz College of Engineering at Cleveland State Univer -
sity, Cleveland, Ohio. He is also the director of the Center for Research
in Electronics and Aerospace Technology (CREATE). From 2002 until
2006 he was dean of the Fenn College of Engineering. He has held the
position of dean of engineering at Cleveland State University, California
State University, Northridge, and Temple University (acting dean for six
years). He has held the position of department chair at Temple Univer-
sity and Tennessee Technological University as well as the position of
Stocker Visiting Professor (an endowed chair) at Ohio University. He
has held faculty status at all of the aforementioned universities.
Dr. Alexander has secured funding for two centers of research at
Ohio University and Cleveland State University. He has been the direc-
tor of three additional research centers at Temple and Tennessee Tech
and has obtained research funding of approximately $100 million (in
today’s dollars). He has served as a consultant to 23 private and govern-
mental organizations including the Air Force and the Navy.
He received the honorary Dr. Eng. from Ohio Northern University Charles K. Alexander
(2009), his PhD (1971) and M.S.E.E. (1967) from Ohio University, and
the B.S.E.E. (1965) from Ohio Northern University.
Dr. Alexander has authored many publications, including a work -
book and a videotape lecture series, and is coauthor of Fundamentals
of Electric Circuits, currently in its fifth edition, Engineering Skills for
Career Success, Problem Solving Made ALMOST Easy, the fifth edi-
tion of the Standard Handbook of Electronic Engineering, and Applied
Circuit Analysis, all with McGraw-Hill. He has delivered more than
500 paper, professional, and technical presentations.
Dr. Alexander is a Life Fellow of the IEEE and served as its presi-
dent and CEO in 1997. In addition he has held several volunteer posi -
tions within the IEEE during his more than 45 years of service. This
includes serving from 1991 to 1999 on the IEEE board of directors.
He has received several local, regional, national, and international
awards for teaching and research, includingan honorary Doctor of Engi-
neering degree, Fellow of the IEEE, the IEEE-USA Jim Watson Student
Professional Awareness Achievement Award, the IEEE Undergraduate
Teaching Award, the Distinguished Professor Award, the Distinguished
Engineering Education Achievement Award, the Distinguished Engi -
neering Education Leadership Award, the IEEE Centennial Medal, and
the IEEE/RAB Innovation Award.

xxi
xxii About the Authors

Matthew N. O. Sadiku received his PhD from Tennessee Technological

University, Cookeville. From 1984 to 1988, he was an assistant professor
at Florida Atlantic University, where he did graduate work in computer
science. From 1988 to 2000, he was at Temple University, Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, where he became a full professor. From 2000 to 2002,
he was with Lucent/Avaya, Holmdel, New Jersey, as a system engineer
and with Boeing Satellite Systems as a senior scientist. He is currently a
professor at Prairie View A&M University.
Dr. Sadiku is the author of more than 240 professional papers and
over 60 books, including Elements of Electromagnetics (Oxford Uni -
versity Press, 6th ed., 2015), Numerical Techniques in Electromagnet-
ics with MATLAB (CRC, 3rd ed., 2009), and Metropolitan Area Net -
works (CRC Press, 1995). Some of his books have been translated into
French, Korean, Chinese (and Chinese Long Form in Taiwan), Italian,
Portuguese, and Spanish. He was the recipient of the 2000 McGraw-Hill/
Jacob Millman Award for outstanding contributions in the field of elec-
trical engineering. He was also the recipient of Regents Professor award
Matthew N. O. Sadiku for 2012 to 2013 by the Texas A&M University System.
His current research interests are in the areas of numerical modeling
of electromagnetic systems and computer communication networks. He
is a registered professional engineer and a fellow of the Institute of Elec-
trical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) “for contributions to computa -
tional electromagnetics and engineering education.” He was the IEEE
Region 2 Student Activities Committee Chairman. He was an associ -
ate editor for IEEE Transactions on Education and is a member of the
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM).
Fundamentals of
Electric Circuits
P A R T O N E

DCCi rcuits

OUTLINE
1 Basic Concepts
2 Basic Laws
3 Methods of Analysis
4 Circuit Theorems
5 Operational Amplifiers
6 Capacitors and Inductors
7 First-Order Circuits
8 Second-Order Circuits

NASA
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 MASTERPIECES OF DETECTIVE
LITERATURE
ALL BOOKS COPYRIGHTED

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19 —A Chance Discovery
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39 —Among the Counterfeiters
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By the author of Nicholas
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156 —A Victim of Circumstances By Nicholas Carter
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162 —Nick Carter’s Star Pupils By Nicholas Carter
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168 —Brought to Bay By Nicholas Carter
171 —The Silent Passenger By Nicholas Carter
174 —A Princess of Crime By Nicholas Carter
177 —A Scrap of Black Lace By Nicholas Carter
182 —The Bottle with the Black Label By Nicholas Carter
186 —A Desperate Chance By Nicholas Carter
189 —The Man of Mystery By Nicholas Carter
191 —The Murray Hill Mystery By Nicholas Carter
 TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES:
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Archaic or variant spelling has been retained.
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