[HighEnd]_2023년_3월_고2_(최종발송본)

고2
2023년 3월
고2 3월 Part1 어법/어휘선택
2023년 3월 고2 모의고사
내신대비 교재
Part I 어법/어휘 선택
3월 18번
It was a pleasure meeting you at your gallery last week. I [appreciate / appropriate]1) your
effort to select and exhibit diverse artwork. As I mentioned, I greatly [admire / criticize]2)
Robert D. Parker’s paintings, [that / which]3) emphasize the beauty of nature. Over the past
few days, I [were / have been]4) researching and learning about Robert D. Parker’s online
viewing room through your gallery’s website. I’m especially [interesting / interested]5) in
purchasing the painting that depicts the horizon, which [is titled / titled]6) Sunrise. I would
like to know [that / whether]7) the piece is still available for purchase. It would be a great
pleasure to [house / sell]8) this wonderful piece of art. I look forward to your reply to this
inquiry.
3월 20번
The more people have to do unwanted things the [less / more]1) chances are [that / what]2)
they create unpleasant environment for themselves and others. If you hate the thing you do
but have to do it nonetheless, you have choice between hating the thing and
[accept / accepting]3) that it needs to [do / be done]4). Either [way / ways]5) you will do it.
Doing it from place of [acceptance / hatred]6) will develop hatred towards the self and others
around you; doing it from the place of [acceptance / hatred]7) will create compassion towards the
self and [allow / allowing]8) for opportunities to find a [less / more]9) suitable way of accomplishing
the task. If you decide [accepting / to accept]10) the fact [that / which]11) your task has to
[do / be done]12), start from recognizing that your situation is a [gift / misfortune]13) from life; this
will help you to see it as a lesson in [acceptance / refusal]14).
2 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

고2 3월 Part1 어법/어휘선택 내신대비 교재
3월 21번
Everyone’s heard the expression don't let the perfect [become / to become]1) the enemy of
the good. If you want to get over an obstacle so that your idea can become the solution‑based
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you [can / can’t]2) have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have to
be willing to [alter / keep]3) your idea and let others [influence / to influence]4) its outcome.
You have to be okay with the outcome [being / is]5) a little different, even a little less, than
you wanted. Say you’re pushing for a clean water act. Even if what emerges isn’t as
[well-funding / well‑funded]6) as you wished, or doesn’t match [how / what]7) you originally
conceived the bill, you’ll have still succeeded in ensuring that kids in troubled areas have
access to clean water. That’s what counts, [that / which]8) they will be [riskier / safer]9)
because of your idea and your effort. Is it perfect? [Yes / No]10). Is there more work to be
done? Absolutely. [But / So]11) in almost every case, helping move the needle
[backward / forward]12) is vastly [better / worse]13) than not [help / helping]14) at all.
3월 22번
Brands that fail to grow and develop [lose / loses]1) their relevance. Think about the person
you knew [who / what]2) was once on the fast track at your company, who is either no longer
with the firm or, worse yet, [appears / appearing]3) to [hit / have hit]4) a [peak / plateau]5) in
his or her career. [Assume / Assuming]6) he or she did not make an ambitious move, more
often than not, this individual is a victim of [failing / having failed]7) to stay relevant and
[embrace / embraces]8) the advances in his or her industry. Think about the impact personal
computing technology had on the first wave of executive leadership [exposing / exposed]9) to
the technology. Those who embraced the technology were able to integrate it into their work
styles and excel. Those who were resistant many times found [few / many]10) opportunities to
advance their careers and in many cases [was / were]11) ultimately let go through early
retirement for failure [staying / to stay]12) relevant and update their skills.
2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 3

3월 23번
What consequences of eating too many grapes and other sweet fruit could there possibly be
for our [brains / bodies]1) ? A few large studies have helped to shed some light. In one, higher
fruit intake in older, cognitively healthy adults [was / were]2) linked with [less / more]3)
volume in the hippocampus. This finding was [usual / unusual]4), since people who eat more
fruit usually [display / displays]5) the [benefits / lacks]6) associated with a healthy diet. In this
study, [however / thus]7), the researchers isolated various components of the subjects’ diets
and found [that / what]8) fruit didn’t seem to be doing their memory centers any
[favors / harms]9). Another study from the Mayo Clinic saw a similar [inverse / paralleled]10)
relationship between fruit intake and volume of the cortex, the large outer layer of the brain.
Researchers in the latter study noted that excessive consumption of high-sugar fruit (such as
mangoes, bananas, and pineapples) may cause metabolic and cognitive [advances / problems]11)
as much as processed carbs [are / do]12).
3월 24번
Winning turns on a self‑conscious awareness that others are [ignoring / watching]1). It’s a lot
[easier / harder]2) to move under the radar when no one knows you and no one is paying
attention. You can mess up and be rough and get dirty because [anyone / no one]3) even
knows you’re there. [But / So]4) as soon as you start to win, and others start to notice, you’re
suddenly [aware / unaware]5) that you’re [observing / being observed]6). You’re being judged.
You worry that others will discover your flaws and weaknesses, and you start
[hiding / revealing]7) your true personality, so you can be a good role model and good citizen
and a leader that others can respect. There is nothing wrong with that. [But / So]8) if you do
it at the expense of being who you really are, [make / making]9) decisions that please
[others / yourself]10) instead of pleasing [others / yourself]11), you’re not going to be in that
position very [long / short]12). When you start [apologizing / compensating]13) for who you are,
you stop growing and you stop winning. Permanently.

3월 29번
Human beings like [certainty / uncertainty]1). This liking stems from our ancient ancestors
who needed to survive alongside saber-toothed tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains
evolved to help us [attend / attend to]2) threats, keep away from them, and
[remain / remained]3) alive afterward. In [contrast / fact]4), we learned that the more certain
we [did / were]5) about something, the better chance we had of making the [right / wrong]6)
choice. Is this berry the same shape as last time? The same size? If I know for certain it
[does / is]7), my brain will direct me [to eat / eating]8) it because I know it’s [safe / sweet]9).
And if I’m [certain / uncertain]10), my brain will send out a danger alert to protect me. The
dependence on certainty all those millennia ago [ensuring / ensured]11) our survival to the
present day, and the danger-alert system continues to protect us. This is achieved by our
brains [label / labeling]12) new, vague, or unpredictable everyday events and experiences as
[certain / uncertain]13). Our brains then generate sensations, thoughts, and action plans to
keep us [safe / safely]14) from the uncertain element, and we live to see another day.
3월 30번
Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted that, in a changing environment, it is not
[clear / vague]1) that consistency is always a virtue and [that / Ø]2) one of the advantages of
human judgment [are / is]3) the ability to detect change. [However / Thus]4), in changing
environments, it might be [advantageous / disadvantageous]5) to combine human judgment
and statistical models. Blattberg and Hoch examined this possibility by having supermarket
managers [forecast / to forecast]6) demand for certain products and then [create / creating]7)
a composite forecast by averaging these judgments with the forecasts of statistical models
based on past data. The logic was that statistical models [assume / assumed]8) stable
conditions and therefore [can / cannot]9) account for the effects on demand of
[novel / existing]10) events such as actions [are taken / taken]11) by competitors or the
introduction of new products. Humans, [however / therefore]12), can incorporate these novel
factors in their judgments. The composite ─ or average of human judgments and statistical
models ─ [proves / proved]13) to be [less / more]14) accurate than either the statistical models
[and / or]15) the managers working alone.

3월 31번
Free play is nature’s means of teaching children that they are not [helpless / controllable]1).
In play, away from adults, children really do have control and can practice asserting
[it / them]2). In free play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own
problems, create and follow rules, and get along with others as [equals / heroes]3) rather than
as obedient or rebellious [seniors / subordinates]4). In active outdoor play, children
deliberately [dose / doses]5) [them / themselves]6) with [extreme / moderate]7) amounts of fear
and they [however / thereby]8) learn how to control not only their bodies, but also their fear.
In social play children learn how to negotiate with others, how to please others, and how to
manage and overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts. None of these lessons can
[teach / be taught]9) through [verbal / non-verbal]10) means; they can be learned only through
experience, [that / which]11) free play provides.
3월 32번
Many early dot-com investors focused almost entirely on [net income / revenue growth]1)
instead of [net income / revenue growth]2). Many early dot-com companies earned most of
their revenue from [exchanging / selling]3) advertising space on their Web sites.
[Boosting / To boost]4) reported revenue, some sites began [exchanging / selling]5) ad space.
Company A would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web site, and company B would
put an ad for its Web site on company A’s Web site. No [money / revenue]6) ever changed
hands, but each company recorded [cash / revenue]7) (for the value of the space that it gave
up on its site) and [expense / revenue]8) (for the value of its ad that it placed on the other
company’s site). This practice did [little / much]9) to boost [net income / revenue growth]10)
and resulted [from / in]11) no additional cash inflow ― but it did boost reported revenue. This
practice was quickly put to an end because accountants felt that it did not [meet / violate]12)
the criteria of the revenue recognition principle.

3월 33번
Scholars of myth have long argued [that / what]1) myth [gives / have given]2) structure and
meaning to human life; that meaning is [amplified / contracted]3) when a myth evolves into a
world. A virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs [grow / grows]4) when lots and lots of people
believe in the world. [Conversely / Likewise]5), a virtual world cannot be long sustained by a
[mere handful / great number]6) of adherents. Consider the [difference / similarity]7) between
a global sport and a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly. My game might be
a great game, one that is completely immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and
attention. If its reach is [beyond / limited to]8) the ten of us, though, then it’s ultimately just
a [popular / weird]9) hobby, and it has [limited / unrestricted]10) social function. For a virtual
world [providing / to provide]11) lasting, wide-ranging value, its participants must be a large
enough group to [consider / be considered]12) a society. When that threshold is reached,
[physiological / psychological]13) value can turn into [restricted / wide-ranging]14) social value.
3월 34번
It seems [natural / unnatural]1) [describing / to describe]2) certain environmental conditions

as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. It may seem [obvious / obviously]3) when conditions
are ‘extreme’: the midday heat of a desert, the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity of the
Great Salt Lake. [But / So]4) this only means that these conditions are extreme for us,
[giving / given]5) our particular physiological characteristics and tolerances. To a cactus there
is [nothing / something]6) extreme about the desert conditions [which / in which]7) cacti
[have / has]8) evolved; nor [are / is]9) the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme environment for
penguins. It is lazy and dangerous for the ecologist [assume / to assume]10) that all other
organisms sense the environment in the way we [are / do]11). [Also / Rather]12), the ecologist
should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or plant’s-eye view of the environment: to see the world as
[they / others]13) see it. Emotive words like harsh and benign, even relativities such as hot and
cold, should be used by ecologists only with [care / ease]14).

3월 35번
Human processes differ from [rational / irrational]1) processes in their outcome. A

process is [rational / irrational]2) if it always does the right thing based on the current
information, [giving / given]3) an ideal performance measure. [For example / In short]4),
[rational / irrational]5) processes go by the book and assume that the book is actually
[correct / incorrect]6). Human processes [exclude / involve]7) instinct, intuition, and other
variables that don’t necessarily reflect the book and may not even consider the existing
data. As an example, the rational way to drive a car [are / is]8) to always follow the laws.
[However / Thus]9), traffic isn’t [rational / irrational]10); if you follow the laws precisely, you
end up [sticking / stuck]11) somewhere because other drivers aren’t following the laws precisely.
To be successful, a self-driving car must therefore act [humanly / rationally]12), rather than
[humanly / rationally]13).
3월 36번
Like positive habits, bad habits exist on a [continuum / separation]14) of easy-to-change and
hard-to-change. When you get toward the “[easy / hard]15)” end of the spectrum, note the
language you hear — breaking bad habits and battling addiction. It’s as if an unwanted
behavior is a nefarious villain to be aggressively defeated. [But / So]16) this kind of language
(and the approaches it spawns) [frame / frames]17) these challenges in a way that [is / isn’t]18)
helpful or effective. I specifically hope we will [keep / stop]19) using this phrase: “break a habit.”
This language [guides / misguides]20) people. The word “break” sets the [right / wrong]21)
expectation for how you get rid of a bad habit. This word implies that if you input a lot of
force in one moment, the habit will be gone. [However / Therefore]22), that [highly / rarely]23)
works, because you usually cannot get rid of an unwanted habit by applying force one time.

3월 37번
A common but incorrect assumption is that we are creatures of [reason / both reason and emotion]1)
when, in fact, we are creatures of [reason / both reason and emotion]2). We cannot get by on
reason [alone / as well]3) since any reason always eventually leads to a feeling. Should I get a
wholegrain cereal or a chocolate cereal? I can list all the reasons I want, [and / but]4) the
reasons have to be based on [something / rational things]5). [For example / That is]6), if my
goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but what is my reason for wanting
to be healthy? I can list [less and less / more and more]7) reasons such as wanting to live
longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, etc., [and / but]8) what are the reasons for
those reasons? You should be able to see by now [that / what]9) reasons are ultimately based
on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or emotions. These deep-seated values, feelings, and
emotions we have [are / is]10) [highly / rarely]11) a result of reasoning, but can certainly be
influenced by reasoning. We have values, feelings, and emotions before we begin to reason and
long before we begin to reason effectively.
3월 38번
Electric communication is mainly known in fish. The electric signals are produced in special
electric organs. When the signal is discharged the electric organ will be negatively loaded
[compared / relatively]1) to the head and an electric field is created around the fish. A weak
electric current is created also in ordinary muscle cells when they contract. In the electric
organ the muscle cells are connected in larger chunks, [that / which]2) [make / makes]3) the
total current intensity [larger / smaller]4) than in ordinary muscles. The fish varies the signals
by changing the form of the electric field or the frequency of discharging. The system is only
working over [long / small]5) distances, about one to two meters. This is a(n)
[advantage / disadvantage]6) since the species [use / using]7) the signal system often
[live / lives]8) in large groups with several other species. If many fish send out signals at the
same time, the short range [decreases / increases]9) the risk of interference.

3월 39번
Creativity can have an effect on productivity. Creativity leads some individuals

[recognize / to recognize]1) problems that others do not see, [and / but]2) which may be very
difficult. Charles Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem [are / is]3) a good example of
this; he chose a very difficult and tangled problem, speciation, which led him into a long
period of data collection and deliberation. This choice of problem did not allow for a quick
attack or a simple experiment. In such cases creativity may actually [decrease / increase]4)
productivity (as measured by publication counts) because effort is focused on difficult
problems. For others, [which / whose]5) creativity is more focused on methods and technique,
creativity may lead to solutions that drastically [increase / reduce]6) the work necessary to
solve a problem. We can see an example in the development of the polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) which enables us [amplify / to amplify]7) small pieces of DNA in a short time. This type
of creativity might [increase / reduce]8) the number of steps or substitute steps that are
[less / more]9) likely to fail, thus [increase / increasing]10) productivity.
3월 40번
A young child may be [confident / puzzled]1) when [ask / asked]2) to distinguish between the
directions of right and left. [And / But]3) that same child may have no difficulty in determining
the directions of up and down or back and front. Scientists propose that this occurs because,
although we experience three dimensions, only [one / two]4) had a strong influence on our
evolution: the [horizontal / vertical]5) dimension as defined by gravity and, in mobile species,
the front/back dimension as defined by the positioning of sensory and feeding mechanisms.
These influence our perception of vertical versus horizontal, far versus close, and the search for
dangers from above (such as an eagle) or below (such as a snake). [Also / However]6), the
left-right axis is not as [relevant / irrelevant]7) in nature. A bear is [equally / not]8) dangerous
from its left or the right side, but [not / ø]9) if it is upside down. In [contrast / fact]10), when
[observe / observing]11) a scene containing plants, animals, and man‑made objects such as cars
or street signs, we [can / cannot]12) only tell when left and right have been inverted if we
observe those artificial items.

3월 41~42번
Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. They have [stable / varying]1) levels of
maturity and sensitivity. They have [different / similar]2) approaches to work. And they’re each
motivated by [different / similar]3) things. Managing people is about being aware of their
unique personalities. It’s [also / therefore]4) about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how
the things you do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly. Who you are and what
you say may [not / ø]5) be the same from one person to the next. [For instance / That is]6),
if you’re asking someone [working / to work]7) a second weekend in a row, or [tell / telling]8)
them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the
[individual / group]9). Vincent will have a very [different / similar]10) reaction to the news than
Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with
[different / similar]11) things. Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent
[gives / is given]12) a few extra vacation days for the holidays, while you can promise Emily a
bigger promotion a year from now. Consider each person’s complex positive and negative
personality traits, their life circumstances, and their mindset in the moment when
[decide / deciding]13) what to say and how to say it. [Collective / Personal]14) connection,
compassion, and an [individualized / integrated]15) management style are key to [draw /
drawing]16) consistent, rock star-level work out of everyone.

고2 3월 Part2 객관식 문제
내신대비 교재
Part II 객관식 문제 - 빈칸
3월 18번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 20번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

적절한 것은? 1) 적절한 것은? 2)
It was a pleasure meeting you at your The more people have to do unwanted
gallery last week. I appreciate your effort things the more chances are that they
to select and exhibit diverse artwork. As create unpleasant environment for
I mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. themselves and others. If you hate the
Parker’s paintings, which emphasize the thing you do but have to do it nonetheless,
beauty of nature. Over the past few you have choice between hating the thing
days, I have been researching and and accepting that it needs to be done.
learning about Robert D. Parker’s online Either way you will do it. Doing it from
viewing room through your gallery’s place of hatred will develop hatred towards
website. I’m especially interested in the self and others around you; doing it
purchasing the painting that depicts the from the place of acceptance will create
horizon, titled Sunrise. I would like to compassion towards the self and allow for
know if the piece is still available for opportunities to find a more suitable way
purchase. It would be a great pleasure to of accomplishing the task. If you decide to
house this wonderful piece of art. I look accept the fact that your task has to be
forward to your reply to this inquiry. done, start from recognising that your
situation is a gift from life; this will help
you to see it as a lesson in acceptance.
① add it to may collection
② appreciate it in public
① accepting your hatred naturally
③ house the cheap and practical piece
② acknowledging its necessity
④ participate in the exhibition
③ denying that it needs to be done
⑤ purchase it on sale
④ pretending to want it
⑤ resenting the task

고2 3월 Part2 객관식 문제 내신대비 교재

Everyone’s heard the expression don't let Brands that fail to grow and develop lose
the perfect become the enemy of the good. If their relevance. Think about the person
you want to get over an obstacle so that your you knew who was once on the fast track
idea can become the solution‑based policy at your company, who is either no longer
you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t have an with the firm or, worse yet, appears to
all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have to be have hit a plateau in his or her career.
willing to alter your idea and let others infl . Assuming he or she did not make an
You have to be okay with the outcome being ambitious move, more often than not, this
a little different, even a little less, than you individual is a victim of having failed to
wanted. Say you’re pushing for a clean water stay relevant and embrace the advances in
act. Even if what emerges isn’t as his or her industry. Think about the impact
well‑funded as you wished, or doesn’t match personal computing technology had on the
how you originally conceived the bill, you’ll first wave of executive leadership exposed
have still succeeded in ensuring that kids in to the technology. Those who embraced the
troubled areas have access to clean water. technology were able to integrate it into
That’s what counts, that they will be safer their work styles and excel. Those who
because of your idea and your effort. Is it were resistant many times found few
perfect? No. Is there more work to be done? opportunities to advance their careers and
Absolutely. But in almost every case, helping in many cases were ultimately let go
move the needle forward is vastly better than through early retirement for failure to stay
not helping at all. relevant and update their skills.
① almost always alter your idea ① challenge the reality

② be flexible and open-minded ② fail to resist the advances
③ challenge the impossible ③ grow and develop
④ look for social proof ④ risk adopting the new
⑤ stick to your position ⑤ settle for the present


What consequences of eating too many Winning turns on a self‑conscious

grapes and other sweet fruit could there awareness that others are watching. It’s a
possibly be for our brains? A few large lot easier to move under the radar when
studies have helped to shed some light. In no one knows you and no one is paying
one, higher fruit intake in older, cognitively attention. You can mess up and be rough
healthy adults was linked with less volume and get dirty because no one even knows
in the hippocampus. This finding was you’re there. But as soon as you start to
unusual, since people who eat more fruit win, and others start to notice, you’re
usually display the benefits associated with suddenly aware that you’re being observed.
a healthy diet. In this study, however, the You’re being judged. You worry that others
researchers isolated various components of will discover your flaws and weaknesses,
the subjects’ diets and found that fruit and you start hiding your true personality,
didn’t seem to be doing their memory so you can be a good role model and good
centers any favors. Another study from the citizen and a leader that others can
Mayo Clinic demonstrated that there isn’t respect. There is nothing wrong with that.
a(n) correlation between fruit But if you do it at the expense of being
intake and volume of the cortex, the large who you really are, making decisions that
outer layer of the brain. Researchers in the please others instead of pleasing yourself,
latter study noted that excessive you’re not going to be in that position very
consumption of high-sugar fruit (such as long. When you start apologizing for who
mangoes, bananas, and pineapples) may you are, you stop growing and you stop
cause metabolic and cognitive problems as winning. Permanently.
much as processed carbs do.
① correcting your weaknesses

① inverse ② fleeing from others
② negative ③ focusing on your true personality

③ positive ④ hiding what you have achieved
④ similar ⑤ wearing a mask
⑤ weak


Human beings like certainty. This liking Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted
stems from our ancient ancestors who that, in a changing environment, it is not clear
needed to survive alongside saber-toothed that consistency is always a virtue and that
tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains one of the advantages of human judgment is
evolved to help us attend to threats, keep the ability to detect change. Thus, in changing
away from them, and remain alive environments, it might be advantageous to
afterward. In fact, we learned that the more combine human judgment and stati. Blattberg
certain we were about something, the better and Hoch examined this possibility by having
chance we had of making the right choice. supermarket managers forecast demand for
Is this berry the same shape as last time? certain products and then creating a
The same size? If I know for certain it is, composite forecast by averaging these
my brain will direct me to eat it because I judgments with the forecasts of statistical
know it’s safe. And if I’m uncertain, my models based on past data. The logic was that
brain will send out a danger alert to protect statistical models assume stable conditions
me. The dependence on certainty all those and therefore cannot account for the effects
millennia ago ensured our survival to the on demand of novel events such as actions
present day, and the danger-alert system taken by competitors or the introduction of
continues to protect us. This is achieved by new products. Humans, however, can
our brains labeling new, vague, or incorporate these novel factors in their
unpredictable everyday events and judgments. The composite ─ or average of
experiences as uncertain. Our brains then human judgments and statistical models ─
generate sensations, thoughts, and action proved to be more accurate than either the
plans to keep us safe from the uncertain statistical models or the managers working
element, and we live to see another day. alone.
① curiosity on uncertainty ① combine judgments from a lot of people

② dependence on adventures ② integrate quantitative data with reasoning
③ fear of the unknown ③ make human judgment objective and neutral
④ independence from certainty ④ prepare in advance for the unexpected future
⑤ prediction of the future ⑤ separate human judgment from statistical
models


Free play is nature’s means of teaching Many early dot-com investors focused
children that they are not helpless. In play, almost entirely on revenue growth instead
away from adults, children really do of net income. Many early dot-com
have control and can practice asserting . In companies earned most of their revenue
free play, children learn to make their own from selling advertising space on their Web
decisions, solve their own problems, create sites. To boost reported revenue, some
and follow rules, and get along with others sites began exchanging ad space. Company
as equals rather than as obedient or A would put an ad for its Web site on
rebellious subordinates. In active outdoor company B’s Web site, and company B
play, children deliberately dose themselves would put an ad for its Web site on
with moderate amounts of fear and they company A’s Web site. No money ever
thereby learn how to control not only their changed hands, but each company
bodies, but also their fear. In social play recorded revenue (for the value of the
children learn how to negotiate with space that it gave up on its site) and
others, how to please others, and how to expense (for the value of its ad that it
manage and overcome the anger that can placed on the other company’s site). This
arise from conflicts. None of these lessons practice did little to boost net income and
can be taught through verbal means; they resulted in no additional cash inflow ― but
can be learned only through experience, it did boost reported revenue. This practice
which free play provides. was quickly put to an end because
accountants felt that it did not meet the
criteria of the revenue recognition
① do whatever they want without any hesitation
principle.
② have control over others and force them to do
their favor
③ manage what is going on around them on
① boost reported revenue with actual and
their own
financial gain
④ practice what they are instructed to do in a
② contribute to the rapid growth of tangible
certain situation
assets
⑤ release their stress and get refreshed
③ increase the book value of sales and profits
④ narrow the gap between real revenue and
recorded revenue
⑤ reflect the real transactions and net income


Scholars of myth have long argued that It seems natural to describe certain
myth gives structure and meaning to environmental conditions as ‘extreme’,
human life; that meaning is amplified ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. It may seem
when a myth evolves into a world. A obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’: the
virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows midday heat of a desert, the cold of an
when lots and lots of people believe in the Antarctic winter, the salinity of the Great
world. Conversely, a virtual world cannot Salt Lake. But this only means that these
be long sustained by a mere handful of conditions are extreme for us ,
adherents. Consider the difference between given our particular physiological
a global sport and a game I invent with my characteristics and tolerances. To a cactus
nine friends and play regularly. My game there is nothing extreme about the desert
might be a great game, one that is conditions in which cacti have evolved; nor
completely immersive, one that consumes are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme
all of my group’s time and attention. If its environment for penguins. It is lazy and
reach is limited to the ten of us, though, dangerous for the ecologist to assume that
then it’s ultimately just a weird hobby, and all other organisms sense the environment
it has limited social function. For a virtual in the way we do. Rather, the ecologist
world to provide lasting, wide-ranging should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or
value, its participants must be a large plant’s-eye view of the environment: to see
enough group to be considered a society. the world as others see it. Emotive words
When that threshold is reached, like harsh and benign, even relativities
psychological value can turn into such as hot and cold, should be used by
wide-ranging social value. ecologists only with care.
① a myth is limited to the inner circle ① during the set period

② a myth is widely enough accepted ② for some of us
③ a world is supported by core members ③ for weak organisms
④ there is a clear distiction between a myth ④ from humans’ viewpoint
and reality ⑤ in terms of science
⑤ those with similar interests get together


Human processes differ from rational Like positive habits, bad habits exist on
processes in their outcome. A process is a continuum of easy-to-change and
rational if it always does the right thing hard-to-change. When you get toward the
based on the current information, given “hard” end of the spectrum, note the
an ideal performance measure. In short, language you hear — breaking bad habits
rational processes go by the book and and battling addiction. It’s as if an
assume that the book is actually correct. unwanted behavior is a nefarious villain to
Human processes involve instinct, be aggressively defeated. But this kind of
intuition, and other variables that don’t language (and the approaches it spawns)
necessarily reflect the book and may not frames these challenges in a way that isn’t
even consider the existing data. As an helpful or effective. I specifically hope we
example, the rational way to drive a car will stop using this phrase: “break a
is to always follow the laws. However, habit.” This language misguides people.
traffic isn’t rational; if you follow the The word “break” sets the wrong
laws precisely, you end up stuck expectation for how you get rid of a bad
somewhere because other drivers aren’t habit. This word implies that if you input
following the laws precisely. To be a lot of force in one moment, the habit
successful, a self-driving car must will be gone. However, that rarely works,
therefore self-driving car must theref . because you usually cannot get rid of an u.
① act rationally, rather than humanly ① a leopard cannot change its spots
② distinguish what is human from what is ② practice cannot always make perfect
rational ③ there is no smoke without fire
③ follow the laws precisely as well as focus on ④ words cannot speak louder than action
traffic
⑤ you can put your cart before a horse
④ prioritize the safety of its drivers
⑤ put more emphasis on the human aspect over
the rationality


A common but incorrect assumption is Electric communication is mainly known

that we are creatures of reason when, in fact, in fish. The electric signals are produced in
we are creatures of both reason and special electric organs. When the signal is
emotion. We cannot get by on reason alone discharged the electric organ will be
since any reason always eventually leads to . negatively loaded compared to the head and
Should I get a wholegrain cereal or a an electric field is created around the fish. A
chocolate cereal? I can list all the reasons I weak electric current is created also in
want, but the reasons have to be based on ordinary muscle cells when they contract. In
something. For example, if my goal is to the electric organ the muscle cells are
eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain connected in larger chunks, which makes the
cereal, but what is my reason for wanting total current intensity larger than in ordinary
to be healthy? I can list more and more muscles The fish varies the signals by
reasons such as wanting to live longer, changing the form of the electric field or the
spending more quality time with loved frequency of discharging. The system is only
ones, etc., but what are the reasons for working over small distances, about one to
those reasons? You should be able to see two meters. This is an advantage since the
by now that reasons are ultimately based species using the signal system often live in
on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or large groups with several other species. If
emotions. These deep-seated values, many fish send out signals at the same time,
feelings, and emotions we have are rarely a the short range decreases the risk of interfer.
result of reasoning, but can certainly be
influenced by reasoning. We have values,
① becomes the special electric field
feelings, and emotions before we begin to
② causes the inevitable jamming
reason and long before we begin to reason
③ decreases the effectiveness of communication
effectively.
④ guarantees the undisturbed communication
⑤ increases the risk of interference
① dominates feelings or emotions

② eventually leads to another reason
③ fails to get out of non-reason
④ falls into a cycle of reasoning
⑤ has little to do with a feeling


Creativity can have an effect o. Creativity A young child may be puzzled when
leads some individuals to recognize asked to distinguish between the directions
problems that others do not see, but which of right and left. But that same child may
may be very difficult. Charles Darwin’s have no difficulty in determining the
approach to the speciation problem is a directions of up and down or back and
good example of this; he chose a very front. Scientists propose that this occurs
difficult and tangled problem, speciation, because, although we experience three
which led him into a long period of data dimensions, only two had a strong
collection and deliberation. This choice of influence on our evolution: the vertical
problem did not allow for a quick attack or dimension as defined by gravity and, in
a simple experiment. In such cases mobile species, the front/back dimension
creativity may actually decrease as defined by the positioning of sensory
productivity (as measured by publication and feeding mechanisms. These influence
counts) because effort is focused on our perception of vertical versus horizontal,
difficult problems. For others, whose far versus close, and the search for dangers
creativity is more focused on methods and from above (such as an eagle) or below
technique, creativity may lead to solutions (such as a snake). However, the left-right
that drastically reduce the work necessary axis is not as relevant in nature. A bear is
to solve a problem. We can see an example equally dangerous from its left or the right
in the development of the polymerase side, but not if it is upside down. In fact,
chain reaction (PCR) which enables us to when observing a scene containing plants,
amplify small pieces of DNA in a short animals, and man‑made objects such as
time. This type of creativity might reduce cars or street signs, we can only tell when
the number of steps or substitute steps left and right have been inverted if we
that are less likely to fail, thus increasing observe those artificial items.
productivity.
① any exception of sensory mechanisms

① Creativity can be based on productivity ② genetic pressure for survival
② Creativity can be isolated from productivity ③ irrelevant in nature

③ Creativity can make people less productive ④ nothing in evolution
④ Productivity can be the result of creativity ⑤ regarded as confusing
⑤ Productivity can have an effect on creativity

3월 41~42번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 19)
Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. They have varying levels of maturity
and sensitivity. They have different approaches to work. And they’re each motivated by
different things. Managing people is about being aware of their unique personalities. It’s
also about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you do and say will be
interpreted and adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may not be the same
from one person to the next. For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second
weekend in a row, or telling them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you
need to bear in mind the individual. Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news
than Emily, and they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different
things. Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation
days for the holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now.
Consider each person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life
circumstances, and their mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say
it. Personal connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to
drawing consistent, rock star-level work out of everyone.
① bear any individual complaints

② be impartial at all times
③ consider their job career
④ focus on personal differences
⑤ mind caring about the individual

Part II 객관식 문제 - 핵심파악
3월 18번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 3월 20번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한

것은? 1) 것은? 2)
to select and exhibit diverse artwork. As I create unpleasant environment for
mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. themselves and others. If you hate the
beauty of nature. Over the past few days, I you have choice between hating the thing
have been researching and learning about and accepting that it needs to be done.
Robert D. Parker’s online viewing room Either way you will do it. Doing it from
through your gallery’s website. I’m place of hatred will develop hatred towards
especially interested in purchasing the the self and others around you; doing it
painting that depicts the horizon, titled from the place of acceptance will create
Sunrise. I would like to know if the piece compassion towards the self and allow for
is still available for purchase. It would be a opportunities to find a more suitable way
great pleasure to house this wonderful of accomplishing the task. If you decide to
piece of art. I look forward to your reply to accept the fact that your task has to be
this inquiry. done, start from recognising that your
situation is a gift from life; this will help
① an agreement about the purchase of Robert
D. Parker’s greatest painting
② an expression of gratitude for the exhibition ① how to develop compassion towards oneself to
of the gallery accept unwanted tasks

② importance of acceptance to learn a lesson
③ an inquiry about Robert D. Parker’s online
from every situation
viewing room
③ inevitable choices when faced with the
④ a pricing proposal to house the wonderful
unpleasant working environment
piece of art
④ negative effects of doing unwanted tasks upon
⑤ a request for information of the purchasing people
price of an artwork ⑤ reasons why acceptance is the key to
accomplishing unpleasant tasks

3월 21번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 3월 22번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한

것은? 3) 것은? 4)
the perfect become the enemy of the good. their relevance. Think about the person
If you want to get over an obstacle so that you knew who was once on the fast track
your idea can become the solution‑based at your company, who is either no longer
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t with the firm or, worse yet, appears to
have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have have hit a plateau in his or her career.
to be willing to alter your idea and let Assuming he or she did not make an
others influence its outcome. You have to ambitious move, more often than not, this
be okay with the outcome being a little individual is a victim of having failed to
different, even a little less, than you stay relevant and embrace the advances in
wanted. Say you’re pushing for a clean his or her industry. Think about the impact
water act. Even if what emerges isn’t as personal computing technology had on the
well‑funded as you wished, or doesn’t first wave of executive leadership exposed
match how you originally conceived the to the technology. Those who embraced the
bill, you’ll have still succeeded in ensuring technology were able to integrate it into
that kids in troubled areas have access to their work styles and excel. Those who
clean water. That’s what counts, that they were resistant many times found few
will be safer because of your idea and your opportunities to advance their careers and
effort. Is it perfect? No. Is there more work in many cases were ultimately let go
to be done? Absolutely. But in almost every through early retirement for failure to stay
case, helping move the needle forward is relevant and update their skills.
vastly better than not helping at all.
① Failure to Grow in Your Career
① the effect of making a difference in the face ② Personal Computing: A Game Changer!
of resistance ③ Stay Relevant by Adapting to Change
② the importance of sticking to the original ④ Technology And Career Advancement
goal for change
⑤ Why Is It Important to Stay Relevant?
③ the necessity of overcoming obstacles for
positive change
④ the power of embracing imperfection for
progress
⑤ the way of celebrating perfection for
incremental change

3월 23번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 3월 24번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한

것은? 5) 것은? 6)

in the hippocampus. This finding was you’re there. But as soon as you start to
a healthy diet. In this study, however, the You’re being judged. You worry that others
researchers isolated various components of will discover your flaws and weaknesses,
the subjects’ diets and found that fruit and you start hiding your true personality,
didn’t seem to be doing their memory so you can be a good role model and good
centers any favors. Another study from the citizen and a leader that others can
Mayo Clinic saw a similar inverse respect. There is nothing wrong with that.
relationship between fruit intake and But if you do it at the expense of being
volume of the cortex, the large outer layer who you really are, making decisions that
of the brain. Researchers in the latter please others instead of pleasing yourself,
study noted that excessive consumption of you’re not going to be in that position very
high-sugar fruit (such as mangoes, long. When you start apologizing for who
bananas, and pineapples) may cause you are, you stop growing and you stop
metabolic and cognitive problems as much winning. Permanently.
as processed carbs do.
① the importance of revealing your true self

① Is High Intake of High-Sugar Fruit Beneficial instead of hiding it
to Brain Health? ② the pressure of being observed by the public
② Negative Effect of Fruit And Processed Carbs ③ the risk of sacrificing personal identity for
on Our Health winning
③ Not Consuming Fruit: Better Than Over- ④ the tendency of people to feel uncomfortable
consuming Fruit when judged
④ What Kinds of Fruit Contribute to a Healthy ⑤ the way to balance true personalty with public
Diet? image
⑤ Why Does Eating Sweet Fruit Make Our Brain
Smaller?

3월 29번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 3월 30번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한

것은? 7) 것은? 8)
stems from our ancient ancestors who that, in a changing environment, it is not
needed to survive alongside saber-toothed clear that consistency is always a virtue
tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains and that one of the advantages of human
evolved to help us attend to threats, keep judgment is the ability to detect change.
away from them, and remain alive Thus, in changing environments, it might
afterward. In fact, we learned that the be advantageous to combine human
more certain we were about something, the judgment and statistical models. Blattberg
better chance we had of making the right and Hoch examined this possibility by
choice. Is this berry the same shape as last having supermarket managers forecast
time? The same size? If I know for certain demand for certain products and then
it is, my brain will direct me to eat it creating a composite forecast by averaging
because I know it’s safe. And if I’m these judgments with the forecasts of
uncertain, my brain will send out a danger statistical models based on past data. The
alert to protect me. The dependence on logic was that statistical models assume
certainty all those millennia ago ensured stable conditions and therefore cannot
our survival to the present day, and the account for the effects on demand of novel
danger-alert system continues to protect events such as actions taken by
us. This is achieved by our brains labeling competitors or the introduction of new
new, vague, or unpredictable everyday products. Humans, however, can
events and experiences as uncertain. Our incorporate these novel factors in their
brains then generate sensations, thoughts, judgments. The composite ─ or average of
and action plans to keep us safe from the human judgments and statistical models ─
uncertain element, and we live to see proved to be more accurate than either the
another day. statistical models or the managers working
alone.
① Brain Functions And Decision-Making in

Uncertain Situations ① Effects of Statistical Models on Human
② Evolutionary Explanations Behind Why We Judgment
Crave Certainty ② Forecast Demand for Supermarket Products
③ Historical Conflict Between Certainty And Through Human Judgment!
Uncertainty ③ Human Judgment: Superior to Statistical
④ Our Ancestors’ Dependence on Certainty in Models
the Past ④ Roles of Novel Factors in Demand Forecasting
⑤ Pursuit of Certainty: Not the Same as in the ⑤ Why Are Statistical Models Alone Not
Past! Effective in Changing Environments?


것은? 9) 것은? 10)
away from adults, children really do have of net income. Many early dot-com
control and can practice asserting it. In companies earned most of their revenue
decisions, solve their own problems, create sites. To boost reported revenue, some
sites began exchanging ad space. Company
and follow rules, and get along with others
A would put an ad for its Web site on
as equals rather than as obedient or
company B’s Web site, and company B
rebellious subordinates. In active outdoor
would put an ad for its Web site on
play, children deliberately dose themselves
company A’s Web site. No money ever
with moderate amounts of fear and they
changed hands, but each company
thereby learn how to control not only their
recorded revenue (for the value of the
bodies, but also their fear. In social play
space that it gave up on its site) and
children learn how to negotiate with expense (for the value of its ad that it
others, how to please others, and how to placed on the other company’s site). This
manage and overcome the anger that can practice did little to boost net income and
arise from conflicts. None of these lessons resulted in no additional cash inflow ― but
can be taught through verbal means; they it did boost reported revenue. This practice
can be learned only through experience, was quickly put to an end because
which free play provides. accountants felt that it did not meet the
criteria of the revenue recognition
principle.
① a couple of benefits of direct experience in
free play for children education
① A Questionable Tendency in Dot-Com Investors
② free play as a natural means of treating
to Boost Revenue
children as equals
② Exchanging Ad Space: The Revenue Source for
③ free play making up for verbal instructions
Early Dot-Com
through experience
③ Inverse Relationship Between Revenue And
④ free play teaching children autonomy and
Cash Inflow
social skills via hands-on learning
④ Which Was Better, Revenue Growth or. Net
⑤ important roles of free play in developing
Income Growth?
children’s creativity and imagination
⑤ Why Was Ad Space Exchange Stopped in
Dot-Com Investing?

3월 33번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 3월 34번 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한

것은? 11) 것은? 12)
world. Conversely, a virtual world cannot Salt Lake. But this only means that these
be long sustained by a mere handful of conditions are extreme for us, given our
adherents. Consider the difference between particular physiological characteristics and
a global sport and a game I invent with my tolerances. To a cactus there is nothing
nine friends and play regularly. My game extreme about the desert conditions in
might be a great game, one that is which cacti have evolved; nor are the icy
completely immersive, one that consumes lands of Antarctica an extreme
all of my group’s time and attention. If its environment for penguins. It is lazy and
reach is limited to the ten of us, though, dangerous for the ecologist to assume that
then it’s ultimately just a weird hobby, and all other organisms sense the environment
it has limited social function. For a virtual in the way we do. Rather, the ecologist
world to provide lasting, wide-ranging should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or
value, its participants must be a large plant’s-eye view of the environment: to see
enough group to be considered a society. the world as others see it. Emotive words
When that threshold is reached, like harsh and benign, even relativities
psychological value can turn into such as hot and cold, should be used by
wide-ranging social value. ecologists only with care.
① A Large Participant Group: A Must for ① Ecological perspectives should not be

Evolution of Myth into a Virtual World influenced by emotive words.
② A Meaningful Life Which People Can Reach ② Ecological descriptions of environmental
Through Personal Dependence upon Myth conditions are not vague but obvious.
③ How Are People’s Needs Amplified And ③ Ecologists need to care about any subjectivity
Fulfilled by a Virtual World? in perceiving environmental conditions.
④ Noticeable Difference Between a Global Sport ④ Ecologists should search for exceptional
And a Personal Hobby organisms to describe extreme conditions.
⑤ Why Are a Mere Handful of Adherents ⑤ Emotive words and relativities in ecology have
Unable to Believe in a Virtual World? negative effects on other organisms.

3월 35번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 3월 36번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한

것은? 13) 것은? 14)
based on the current information, given an “hard” end of the spectrum, note the
ideal performance measure. In short, language you hear — breaking bad habits
even consider the existing data. As an helpful or effective. I specifically hope we
example, the rational way to drive a car is will stop using this phrase: “break a habit.”
to always follow the laws. However, traffic This language misguides people. The word
isn’t rational; if you follow the laws “break” sets the wrong expectation for how
precisely, you end up stuck somewhere you get rid of a bad habit. This word
because other drivers aren’t following the implies that if you input a lot of force in
laws precisely. To be successful, a one moment, the habit will be gone.
self-driving car must therefore act However, that rarely works, because you
humanly, rather than rationally. usually cannot get rid of an unwanted
habit by applying force one time.
① Human Processes vs. Rational Processes:

Which One is More Accurate And Correct? ① a long spectrum between easy-to-change and
② Human Processes: Violating Rules And hard-to-change
Unpredictable Unlike Rational Processes ② an effective way to get rid of a bad habit
③ Reasons Why Must a Self-Driving Car Act right away
Humanly Rather Than Rationally? ③ negative effects of the misleading language
④ The Role of Instinct And Intuition in Human on eliminating bad habits
And Rational Processes ④ people trapped in the misguidance of the
⑤ What Are Ideal Features That Guarantee the language in everyday life
Success of Self-Driving Cars? ⑤ realistic difficulties in breaking bad habits or
battling addiction

3월 37번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 3월 38번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한

것은? 15) 것은? 16)

that we are creatures of reason when, in in fish. The electric signals are produced in
fact, we are creatures of both reason and special electric organs. When the signal is
since any reason always eventually leads to negatively loaded compared to the head
a feeling. Should I get a wholegrain cereal and an electric field is created around the
or a chocolate cereal? I can list all the fish. A weak electric current is created also
reasons I want, but the reasons have to be in ordinary muscle cells when they
based on something. For example, if my contract. In the electric organ the muscle
goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the cells are connected in larger chunks, which
wholegrain cereal, but what is my reason makes the total current intensity larger
for wanting to be healthy? I can list more than in ordinary muscles The fish varies
and more reasons such as wanting to live the signals by changing the form of the
longer, spending more quality time with electric field or the frequency of
loved ones, etc., but what are the reasons discharging. The system is only working
for those reasons? You should be able to over small distances, about one to two
see by now that reasons are ultimately meters. This is an advantage since the
based on non‑reason such as values, species using the signal system often live
feelings, or emotions. These deep-seated in large groups with several other species.
values, feelings, and emotions we have are If many fish send out signals at the same
rarely a result of reasoning, but can time, the short range decreases the risk of
certainly be influenced by reasoning. We interference.
have values, feelings, and emotions before
we begin to reason and long before we
① Advantages of Small Range Electric
begin to reason effectively.
Communication in Fish
② Electric Communication Found Only in Fish
③ Electric Communication in Fish: Its Signals
① Do Our Reasons Come Only from Reasoning?
And Range
② Conflicts Between Reason And Non-Reason
④ Variations in Electric Signals in Fish
③ Non-Reason: Its Kinds And Roots
Communication
④ On What Is Non-Reason Based?
⑤ Processes of Electric Communication of Fish
⑤ Why Do We Value Reason over Non-Reason?


것은? 17) 것은? 18)
Creativity can have an effect on A young child may be puzzled when

productivity. Creativity leads some asked to distinguish between the directions
individuals to recognize problems that of right and left. But that same child may
others do not see, but which may be very
have no difficulty in determining the
difficult. Charles Darwin’s approach to the
directions of up and down or back and
speciation problem is a good example of
front. Scientists propose that this occurs
this; he chose a very difficult and tangled
problem, speciation, which led him into a because, although we experience three
long period of data collection and dimensions, only two had a strong
deliberation. This choice of problem did influence on our evolution: the vertical
not allow for a quick attack or a simple dimension as defined by gravity and, in
experiment. In such cases creativity may mobile species, the front/back dimension
actually decrease productivity (as measured
as defined by the positioning of sensory
by publication counts) because effort is
and feeding mechanisms. These influence
focused on difficult problems. For others,
our perception of vertical versus horizontal,
whose creativity is more focused on
methods and technique, creativity may lead far versus close, and the search for dangers
to solutions that drastically reduce the from above (such as an eagle) or below
work necessary to solve a problem. We can (such as a snake). However, the left-right
see an example in the development of the axis is not as relevant in nature. A bear is
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which equally dangerous from its left or the right
enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA
side, but not if it is upside down. In fact,
in a short time. This type of creativity
when observing a scene containing plants,
might reduce the number of steps or
animals, and man‑made objects such as
substitute steps that are less likely to fail,
thus increasing productivity. cars or street signs, we can only tell when
left and right have been inverted if we
observe those artificial items.
① a way to overcome the decrease of
productivity by using creativity
① Artificial Items Help People Distinguish Left
② both the positive and negative correlation
from Right!
between creativity and productivity
② How Has Evolution Shaped Our Spatial
③ contribution of creativity to solving difficult
Perception?
problems such as speciation and PCR
③ Personal Differences in Perceiving Directions
④ the interdependence between creativity and
productivity in science ④ The Left-Right Axis: Overlooked But Significant
⑤ the process that creativity decreases ⑤ Two Dominant Dimensions in Human Evolution
productivity in the field of biology

3월 41~42번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? 19)
Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. They have varying levels of maturity and
sensitivity. They have different approaches to work. And they’re each motivated by different
things. Managing people is about being aware of their unique personalities. It’s also about
empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you do and say will be interpreted and
adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one person to
the next. For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling
individual. Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they will
each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. Perhaps that
promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for the holidays,
while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now. Consider each person’s
complex positive and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and their mindset in
the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it. Personal connection, compassion,
and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star-level work out
of everyone.
① how to maintain constant communication among coworkers for the best performance
② importance of management tailored to individuals to boost productivity
③ inefficiency occurring in managing various and different people
④ reasons why the first impression is important to manage people
⑤ recognition of uniqueness of creative people in the workplace

Part II 객관식 문제 - 어법
3월 18번 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 3월 20번 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상

틀린 것은? 1) 틀린 것은? (2개) 2)
It was a pleasure ① to meet you at your The more people have to do unwanted
gallery last week. I appreciate your effort things the more chances are ① what they
mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. themselves and others. If you hate the
Parker’s paintings, ② which emphasize the thing you do but have to do it nonetheless,
Robert D. Parker’s online viewing room Either ② way you will do it. Doing it from
through your gallery’s website. I’m place of hatred will develop hatred towards
especially interested in purchasing the the self and others around you; doing it
painting that depicts the horizon, which from the place of acceptance will create
③ titled Sunrise. I would like to know compassion towards the self and
④ whether the piece is still available for ③ allowing for opportunities to find a
purchase. It would be a great pleasure to more suitable way of accomplishing the
house this wonderful piece of art. I look task. If you decide to accept the fact that
forward to your ⑤ replying to this inquiry. your task has to be done, ④ start from
recognising that your situation is a gift
from life; this will help you ⑤ see it as a
lesson in acceptance.


틀린 것은? 3) 틀린 것은? (2개) 4)
Everyone’s heard the expression don't let Brands that fail to grow and develop
the perfect become the enemy of the good. ① lose their relevance. Think about the
If you want to get over an obstacle person you knew who was once on the fast
① so as to become the solution‑based track at your company, who is either no
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t longer with the firm or, worse yet, appears
have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have ② to hit a plateau in his or her career.
to be willing to alter your idea and let Assuming he or she did not make an
be okay with the outcome ② being a little individual is a victim of having failed to
different, even a little less, than you stay relevant and ③ to embrace the
wanted. Say you’re pushing for a clean advances in his or her industry. Think
water act. Even if what emerges isn’t as about the impact personal computing
well‑funded as you wished, or doesn’t technology had on the first wave of
match ③ the way you originally conceived executive leadership ④ who became exposed
the bill, you’ll have still succeeded in to the technology. Those who embraced the
ensuring that kids in troubled areas have technology were able to integrate it into
access to clean water. That’s what counts, their work styles and excel. Those who were
④ which they will be safer because of your resistant many times found few
idea and your effort. Is it perfect? No. Is opportunities to advance their careers and
there more work to be done? Absolutely. in many cases ⑤ ultimately let go through
But in almost every case, helping early retirement for failure to stay relevant
⑤ to move the needle forward is vastly and update their skills.
better than not helping at all.


틀린 것은? (2개) 5) 틀린 것은? 6)

grapes and other sweet fruit could ① there awareness that others are watching. It’s
possibly be for our brains? A few large ① still easier to move under the radar
studies have helped to shed some light. In when no one knows you and no one is
one, higher fruit intake in older, cognitively paying attention. You can mess up and be
healthy adults ② were linked with less rough and get dirty because no one even
volume in the hippocampus. This finding knows you’re there. But as soon as you
was unusual, since people who eat more start to win, and others start to notice,
fruit usually ③ displaying the benefits you’re suddenly aware ② of you being
associated with a healthy diet. In this observed. You’re being judged. You worry
study, however, the researchers isolated that others will discover your flaws and
various components of the subjects’ diets weaknesses, and you start ③ to hide your
and found that fruit didn’t seem true personality, so you can be a good role
④ to be doing their memory centers any model and good citizen and a leader
favors. Another study from the Mayo Clinic ④ whom others can respect. There is
saw a similar inverse relationship between nothing wrong with that. But if you do it at
fruit intake and volume of the cortex, the the expense of being who you really are,
large outer layer of the brain. Researchers ⑤ make decisions that please others
in the latter study noted that excessive instead of pleasing yourself, you’re not
consumption of high-sugar fruit (such as going to be in that position very long.
mangoes, bananas, and pineapples) may When you start apologizing for who you
cause metabolic and cognitive problems as are, you stop growing and you stop
much as processed carbs ⑤ do. winning. Permanently.


틀린 것은? (2개) 7) 틀린 것은? (2개) 8)
away from them, and ① remain alive Thus, in changing environments, it might
afterward. In fact, we learned that be advantageous to combine human
② the more certainly we were about judgment and statistical models. Blattberg
something, the better chance we had of and Hoch examined this possibility by
making the right choice. Is this berry the having supermarket managers forecast
same shape as last time? The same size? If demand for certain products and then
I know for certain it is, my brain will creating a composite forecast by averaging
direct me ③ to eat it because I know it’s these judgments with the forecasts of
safe. And if I’m uncertain, my brain will statistical models based on past data. The
send out a danger alert to protect me. The logic was that statistical models assume
dependence on certainty all those millennia stable conditions and therefore cannot
ago ④ ensured our survival to the present account for the effects on demand of novel
day, and the danger-alert system continues events such as actions taken by
to protect us. This is achieved by our competitors or the introduction of new
brains ⑤ label new, vague, or products. Humans, however, can
unpredictable everyday events and incorporate these novel factors in their
experiences as uncertain. Our brains then judgments. The composite ─ or average of
generate sensations, thoughts, and action human judgments and statistical models ─
plans to keep us safe from the uncertain proved to be more accurate than either the
element, and we live to see another day. statistical models or the managers working
alone.


틀린 것은? (2개) 9) 틀린 것은? 10)
Free play is nature’s means of teaching Many early dot-com investors put an
children that they are not helpless. In play, ① almost every focus on revenue growth
away from adults, children really do have instead of net income. Many early dot-com
control and can practice ① asserting it. In companies earned most of their revenue
decisions, solve their own problems, create sites. ② So as to boost reported revenue,
and follow rules, and ② to get along with some sites began exchanging ad space.
others as equals rather than as obedient or Company A would put an ad for its Web
rebellious subordinates. In active outdoor site on company B’s Web site, and
play, children deliberately dose ③ them company B would put an ad for its Web
with moderate amounts of fear and they site on company A’s Web site. No money
thereby learn how to control not only their ever changed hands, but each company
bodies, but also their fear. In social play recorded revenue (for the value of the
children learn how to negotiate with space that it gave up on its site) and
others, how to please others, and how to expense (for the value of its ad that it
manage and overcome the anger that can placed on ③ the other company’s site).
④ be caused from conflicts. None of these This practice did ④ little to boost net
lessons can be taught through verbal income and resulted in no additional cash
means; they can be learned only through inflow ― but it did boost reported
experience, ⑤ which free play provides. revenue. This practice was quickly put to
an end because accountants felt that
⑤ they did not meet the criteria of the
revenue recognition principle.


틀린 것은? (2개) 11) 틀린 것은? 12)
Scholars of myth ① have long argued It seems natural ① to describe certain

that myth gives structure and meaning to environmental conditions as ‘extreme’,
virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs midday heat of a desert, the cold of an
② are grown when lots and lots of people Antarctic winter, the salinity of the Great
believe in the world. Conversely, a virtual Salt Lake. But this only means that these
world cannot be long sustained by a mere conditions are extreme for us, ② considering
handful of adherents. Consider the our particular physiological characteristics
difference between a global sport and a and tolerances. To a cactus there is
game I invent with my nine friends and nothing extreme about the desert
③ play regularly. My game might be a conditions ③ where cacti have evolved; nor
great game, one that is completely are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme
immersive, one that consumes all of my environment for penguins. It is lazy and
group’s time and attention. If its reach is dangerous for the ecologist to assume that
limited to the ten of us, though, then it’s all other organisms sense the environment
ultimately just a weird hobby, ④ which has in the way we ④ are. Rather, the ecologist
limited social function. For a virtual world should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or
to provide lasting, wide-ranging value, its plant’s-eye view of the environment: to see
participants must be a large enough group the world as others see it. Emotive words
⑤ to consider a society. When that like harsh and benign, even relativities
threshold is reached, psychological value such as hot and cold, should be used by
can turn into wide-ranging social value. ecologists only ⑤ carefully.


틀린 것은? 13) 틀린 것은? 14)
rational if it always does the right thing hard-to-change. ① Getting toward the
based on the current information, ① given “hard” end of the spectrum, note the
an ideal performance measure. In short, language you hear — breaking bad habits
assume ② that the book is actually correct. unwanted behavior is a nefarious villain to
Human processes involve instinct, be ② aggressively defeated. But this kind
intuition, and other variables that don’t of language (and the approaches it spawns)
even consider the ③ existed data. As an helpful or effective. I specifically hope we
example, the rational way to drive a car is will stop ③ using this phrase: “break a
to always follow the laws. However, traffic habit.” This language misguides people.
isn’t rational; if you follow the laws precisely, The word “break” sets the wrong
you end up ④ being stuck somewhere expectation for ④ the way in which you get
because other drivers aren’t following the rid of a bad habit. This word implies that
laws precisely. ⑤ For its success, a if you input a lot of force in one moment,
self-driving car must therefore act humanly, the habit will be gone. However, that
rather than rationally. ⑤ doesn‘t rarely work, because you usually
cannot get rid of an unwanted habit by
applying force one time.


틀린 것은? (2개) 15) 틀린 것은? 16)

since any reason always eventually leads to negatively loaded ① compared to the head
reasons ① why I want, but the reasons in ordinary muscle cells when they
have to be based on something. For contract. In the electric organ the muscle
example, if my goal is ② eating healthy, I cells are connected in larger chunks, which
can choose the wholegrain cereal, but what ② makes the total current intensity larger
is my reason for wanting to be healthy? I than in ordinary muscles The fish varies
can list more and more reasons such as the signals by changing the form of the
wanting to live longer, ③ spending more electric field or the frequency of
quality time with loved ones, etc., but what discharging. The system ③ is only worked
are the reasons for those reasons? You over small distances, about one to two
should be able to see by now ④ that meters. This is an advantage since the
reasons are ultimately based on non‑reason species ④ which use the signal system
such as values, feelings, or emotions. These often live in large groups with several
deep-seated values, feelings, and emotions other species. If many fish send out signals
we have ⑤ to be rarely a result of at the same time, the short range decreases
reasoning, but can certainly be influenced the risk of ⑤ being interfered in.
by reasoning. We have values, feelings, and
emotions before we begin to reason and
long before we begin to reason effectively.


틀린 것은? 17) 틀린 것은? 18)

productivity. Creativity leads some ① asked to distinguish between the
individuals to recognize problems that directions of right and left. But that same
others do not see, but ① what may be very child may have no trouble ② determining
difficult. Charles Darwin’s approach to the the directions of up and down or back and
speciation problem is a good example of front. Scientists propose that this
this. He chose a very difficult and tangled ③ should occur because, although we
problem, speciation, ② which led him into experience three dimensions, only two had
a long period of data collection and a strong influence on our evolution: the
deliberation. This choice of problem did vertical dimension as defined by gravity
not allow for a quick attack or a simple and, in mobile species, the front/back
experiment. In such cases creativity may dimension as defined by the positioning of
actually decrease productivity (as ③ measured sensory and feeding mechanisms. These
by publication counts) because effort is influence our perception of vertical versus
focused on difficult problems. For others, horizontal, far versus close, and the search
④ whose creativity is more focused on for dangers from above (such as an eagle)
methods and technique, creativity may lead or below (such as a snake). However, the
to solutions that drastically reduce the left-right axis is not ④ as relevant in
work necessary to solve a problem. We can nature. A bear is equally dangerous from
see an example in the development of the its left or the right side, but not if it is
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which upside down. In fact, when observing a
enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA scene containing plants, animals, and
in a short time. This type of creativity man‑made objects such as cars or street
might reduce the number of steps or signs, we can only tell when left and right
substitute steps that are less likely to fail, ⑤ have been inverted if we observe those
thus ⑤ increasing productivity. artificial items.

3월 41~42번 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? (2개) 19)
things. Managing people ① are about being aware of their unique personalities. It’s also about
② adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one person
to the next. For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or
telling them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the
each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. Perhaps that
promotion news will land easier if Vincent ③ gives a few extra vacation days for the holidays,
the moment ④ deciding what to say and how to say it. Personal connection, compassion, and
an individualized management style are key to ⑤ drawing consistent, rock star-level work out
of everyone.

Part II 객관식 문제 - 어휘
3월 18번 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 3월 20번 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상

어색한 것은? 1) 어색한 것은? 2)
gallery last week. I ① appreciate your things the more chances are that they
effort to select and exhibit diverse artwork. create not ① satisfying environment for
As I mentioned, I greatly ② admire Robert themselves and others. If you hate the
D. Parker’s paintings, which emphasize the thing you do but have to do it nonetheless,
Robert D. Parker’s online viewing room Either way you will do it. Doing it from
through your gallery’s website. I’m place of hatred will ② develop hatred
especially ③ interested in selling the towards the self and others around you;
painting that depicts the horizon, titled doing it from the place of acceptance will
Sunrise. I would like to know if the piece ③ create compassion towards the self and
can be still ④ purchased. It would be a allow for opportunities to find a more
great pleasure to ⑤ house this wonderful suitable way of accomplishing the task. If
piece of art. I look forward to your reply to you decide to ④ reject the fact that your
this inquiry. task has to be done, start from recognising
that your situation is a gift from life; this
will ⑤ help you to see it as a lesson in
acceptance.


Everyone’s heard the expression don't let Brands that fail to grow and develop
the perfect become the enemy of the good. ① lose their relevance. Think about the
If you want to get over an obstacle so that person you knew who was once on the fast
your idea can become the solution‑based track at your company, who is either no
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t be longer with the firm or, worse yet, appears
① perfect. You have to be willing to alter to have hit a ② plateau in his or her
your idea and let others influence its career. Assuming he or she did not make
outcome. You have to be okay with the an ambitious move, more often than not,
outcome being a little ② different, even a this individual stays ③ irrelevant and
little less, than you wanted. Say you’re doesn’t embrace the advances in his or her
pushing for a clean water act. Even if what industry. Think about the impact personal
emerges isn’t as well‑funded as you wished, computing technology had on the first
or doesn’t ③ correspond with how you wave of executive leadership exposed to
originally conceived the bill, you’ll have the technology. Those who embraced the
still succeeded in ensuring that kids in technology could integrate it into their
troubled areas have access to clean water. work styles and ④ excel. Those who were
That’s what counts, that they will be safer resistant many times found ⑤ many
because of your idea and your effort. Is it opportunities to advance their careers and
perfect? ④ Yes. Is there more work to be in many cases were ultimately let go
done? Absolutely. But in almost every case, through early retirement for failure to stay
helping move the needle forward is vastly relevant and update their skills.
⑤ better than not helping at all.



possibly be for our brains? A few large lot ① easier to move under the radar when
healthy adults caused hippocampus to and get dirty because no one even knows
① shrink. This finding was unusual, since you’re there. But as soon as you start to
people who eat more fruit usually display win, and others start to notice, you’re
the ③ advantages related to a healthy diet. suddenly aware that you’re being
In this study, however, the researchers ② observed. You’re being judged. You
isolated various components of the worry that others will discover your flaws
subjects’ diets and found that fruit seemed and weaknesses, and you start
to be doing their memory centers any ③ displaying your true personality, so you
③ favors. Another study from the Mayo can be a good role model and good citizen
Clinic saw a similar ④ inverse relationship and a leader that others can respect. There
between fruit intake and volume of the is nothing wrong with that. But if you do it
cortex, the large outer layer of the brain. at the expense of being who you really are,
Researchers in the latter study noted that making decisions that please others instead
excessive consumption of high-sugar fruit of pleasing yourself, you’re not going to be
(such as mangoes, bananas, and in that position very ④ long. When you
pineapples) may cause metabolic and start ⑤ apologizing for who you are, you
cognitive ⑤ reducements as much as stop growing and you stop winning.
processed carbs do. Permanently.


needed to survive alongside saber-toothed clear that consistency is always a ① virtue
evolved to help us to be ① careful of judgment is the ability to detect change.
threats, keep away from them, and remain Thus, in changing environments, it might
alive afterward. In fact, we learned that the be ② beneficial to combine human
more certain we were about something, the judgment and statistical models. Blattberg
② better chance we had of making the and Hoch examined this possibility by
right choice. Is this berry the same shape having supermarket managers forecast
as last time? The same size? If I know for demand for certain products and then
certain it is, my brain will direct me to eat creating a composite forecast by averaging
it because I know it’s not ③ hazardous. these judgments with the forecasts of
And if I’m uncertain, my brain will send statistical models based on past data. The
out a danger alert to protect me. The logic was that statistical models assume
dependence on certainty all those millennia stable conditions and are not able to
ago ④ ensured our survival to the present ③ account for the effects on demand of
day, and the danger-alert system continues novel events such as actions taken by
to protect us. This is achieved by our competitors or the introduction of new
brains labeling new, vague, or products. Humans, however, can
unpredictable everyday events and ④ integrate these novel factors in their
experiences as uncertain. Our brains then judgments. The composite ─ or average of
generate sensations, thoughts, and action human judgments and statistical models ─
plans to keep us from being ⑤ safe for the proved to be less ⑤ precise than either the
uncertain element, and we live to see statistical models or the managers working
another day. alone.


children that they have ① control on their almost entirely on ① revenue growth
own. In play, away from adults, children instead of net income. Many early dot-com
really do have control and can practice companies earned most of their revenue
② asserting it. In free play, children learn from selling advertising space on their Web
to make their own decisions, solve their sites. To boost reported revenue, some
own problems, create and abide by rules, sites began ② exchanging ad space.
and get along with others as equals rather Company A would put an ad for its Web
than as obedient or rebellious site on company B’s Web site, and
subordinates. In vigorous outdoor play, company B would put an ad for its Web
children deliberately dose themselves with site on company A’s Web site. No money
③ extreme amounts of fear-as they swing, ever ③ changed hands, but each company
slide, or twirl on playround equipment, recorded revenue (for the value of the
climb on monkey bars or trees-and they space that it gave up on its site) and
thereby learn how to ④ manage not only expense (for the value of its ad that it
their bodies, but also their fear. In social placed on the other company’s site). This
play children learn how to negotiate with practice did little to boost net income and
others, how to please others, and how to resulted in no ④ additional cash inflow ―
module and overcome the anger that can but it did boost reported revenue. This
arise from conflicts. None of these lessons practice was quickly put to an end because
can be taught through verbal means; they accountants felt that it did ⑤ meet the
can be learned only through experience, criteria of the revenue recognition
which free play provides. The predominant principle.
emotions of play are ⑤ interest and joy.


human life; that meaning is ① amplified ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. It may seem
virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs midday heat of a desert, the cold of an
③ develops when lots and lots of people Antarctic winter, the salinity of the Great
believe in the world. Conversely, a virtual Salt Lake. But this only means that these
world cannot be long sustained by a mere conditions are ① extreme for us, given our
③ handful of adherents. Consider the particular physiological characteristics and
difference between a global sport and a tolerances. To a cactus there is ② nothing
game I invent with my nine friends and extreme about the desert conditions in
play regularly. My game might be a great which cacti have evolved; nor are the icy
game, one that is completely immersive, lands of Antarctica an extreme
one that consumes all of my group’s time environment for penguins. It is ③ good for
and attention. If it is used to the ten of us, the ecologist to assume that all other
though, then it’s ultimately just a weird organisms sense the environment in the
hobby, and it has ④ unrestricted social way we do. Rather, the ecologist should try
function. For a virtual world to provide to ④ get a worm’s‑eye or plant’s-eye view
lasting, wide-ranging value, its participants of the environment: to see the world as
must be a large enough group to be others see it. Emotive words like harsh and
considered a ⑤ society. When that benign, even relativities such as hot and
threshold is reached, psychological value cold, should be used by ecologists only
can turn into wide-ranging social value. with ⑤ attention.


Human processes differ from ① rational Like positive habits, bad habits exist on
processes in their outcome. A process is a ① continuum of easy-to-change and
assume that the book is actually ② correct. unwanted behavior is a ② wicked villain to
necessarily ③ reflect the book and may not frames these challenges in a way that
even consider the existing data. As an doesn’t give any ③ help. I specifically hope
example, the rational way to drive a car is we will stop using this phrase: “break a
to always follow the laws. However, traffic habit.” This language leads people to go
isn’t ④ irrational; if you follow the laws into the ④ wrong way. The word “break”
precisely, you end up stuck somewhere sets the wrong expectation for how you get
because other drivers aren’t following the rid of a bad habit. This word implies that
laws precisely. To be successful, a if you input a lot of force in one moment,
self-driving car must therefore act the habit will be gone. However, that
⑤ humanly. ⑤ deeply works, because you usually
cannot get rid of an unwanted habit by
applying force one time.


A common but ① incorrect assumption Electric communication is mainly known

is that we are creatures of reason when, in in fish. The electric signals are produced in
a ② feeling. Should I get a wholegrain and an electric field is ① created around
cereal or a chocolate cereal? I can list all the fish. A weak electric current is created
the reasons I want, but the reasons have to also in ordinary muscle cells when they
be based on a few ③ rational things. For contract. In the electric organ the muscle
example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I can cells are connected in larger chunks, which
choose the wholegrain cereal, but what is makes the total current intensity ② larger
my reason for wanting to be healthy? I can than in ordinary muscles The fish ③ varies
list more and more reasons such as the signals by changing the form of the
wanting to live longer, spending more electric field or the frequency of
quality time with loved ones, etc., but what discharging. The system is only working
are the reasons for those reasons? You over small distances, about one to two
should be able to see by now that reasons meters. This is a ④ disadvantage since the
are ultimately based on ④ non‑reason such species using the signal system often live
as values, feelings, or emotions. These in large groups with several other species.
deep-seated values, feelings, and emotions If many fish send out signals at the same
we have are rarely a result of reasoning, time, the short range ⑤ reduces the risk of
but can certainly be influenced by interference.
reasoning. We have values, feelings, and
emotions before we begin to reason and
long ⑤ before we begin to reason
effectively.



others do not see, but which may be very have no difficulty in ① distinguishing the
① difficult. Charles Darwin’s approach to directions of up and down or back and
the speciation problem is a good example front. Scientists propose that this occurs
of this; he chose a very difficult and because, although we experience three
tangled problem, speciation, which led him dimensions, only ② two had a strong
into a long period of data collection and influence on our evolution: the vertical
deliberation. This choice of problem did dimension as defined by gravity and, in
not ② allow for a quick attack or a simple mobile species, the front/back dimension
experiment. In such cases creativity may as defined by the positioning of sensory
actually ③ increase productivity (as and feeding mechanisms. These influence
measured by publication counts) because our perception of vertical versus horizontal,
effort is focused on difficult problems. For far versus close, and the search for dangers
others, whose creativity is more focused on from above (such as an eagle) or below
methods and technique, creativity may lead (such as a snake). However, the left-right
to solutions that drastically ④ reduce the axis is not as ③ relevant in nature. A bear
work necessary to solve a problem. We can is ④ unevenly dangerous from its left or
see an example in the development of the the right side, but not if it is upside down.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which In fact, when observing a scene containing
enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA plants, animals, and man‑made objects
in a short time. This type of creativity such as cars or street signs, we can only
might reduce the number of steps or ⑤ tell when left and right have been
substitute steps that are less likely to fail, inverted if we observe those artificial items.
thus ⑤ increasing productivity.

3월 41~42번 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 어색한 것은? 19)
Creative people aren’t all cut from the same cloth. They have ① variable levels of maturity
and sensitivity. They have different approaches to work. And they’re each motivated by
different things. Managing people is about being aware of their ② unique personalities. It’s also
about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you do and say will be
interpreted and adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may be ③ the same from
one person to the next. For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a
row, or telling them they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in
mind the ④ individual Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and
they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. Perhaps that
the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it. ⑤ Personal connection, compassion,
and management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star-level work out of everyone.

Part II 객관식 문제 - 순서
3월 18번 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 3월 20번 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 순서로
가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 1) 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 2)
mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. themselves and others.
Parker’s paintings, which emphasize the
beauty of nature.
(A) Doing it from place of hatred will develop
hatred towards the self and others around
(A) I would like to know if the piece is still you; doing it from the place of acceptance
available for purchase. It would be a great will create compassion towards the self and
pleasure to house this wonderful piece of allow for opportunities to find a more
art. I look forward to your reply to this suitable way of accomplishing the task.
inquiry. (B) If you hate the thing you do but have to do
(B) I’m especially interested in purchasing the it nonetheless, you have choice between
painting that depicts the horizon, titled hating the thing and accepting that it needs
Sunrise. to be done. Either way you will do it.
(C) Over the past few days, I have been (C) If you decide to accept the fact that your
researching and learning about Robert D. task has to be done, start from recognising
Parker’s online viewing room through your that your situation is a gift from life; this
gallery’s website. will help you to see it as a lesson in
acceptance.
① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C) ① (A)-(C)-(B)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

the perfect become the enemy of the good. their relevance. Think about the person
have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. have hit a plateau in his or her career.
(A) That’s what counts, that they will be safer (A) On the other hand, those who were resistant
because of your idea and your effort. Is it many times found few opportunities to
perfect? No. Is there more work to be advance their careers and in many cases
done? Absolutely. But in almost every case, were ultimately let go through early
helping move the needle forward is vastly retirement for failure to stay relevant and
better than not helping at all. update their skills.
(B) Rather, you have to be willing to alter your (B) Think about the impact personal computing
idea and let others influence its outcome. technology had on the first wave of
You have to be okay with the outcome executive leadership exposed to the
being a little different, even a little less, technology. Those who embraced the
than you wanted. Say you’re pushing for a technology were able to integrate it into
clean water act. their work styles and excel.
(C) Even if what emerges isn’t as well‑funded (C) Assuming he or she did not make an
as you wished, or doesn’t match how you ambitious move, more often than not, this
originally conceived the bill, you’ll have individual is a victim of having failed to
still succeeded in ensuring that kids in stay relevant and embrace the advances in
troubled areas have access to clean water. his or her industry.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)


grapes and other sweet fruit could there awareness that others are watching.
possibly be for our brains?
(A) It’s a lot easier to move under the radar

(A) In this study, however, the researchers when no one knows you and no one is
isolated various components of the paying attention. You can mess up and be
subjects’ diets and found that fruit didn’t rough and get dirty because no one even
seem to be doing their memory centers any knows you’re there.
favors. Another study from the Mayo Clinic (B) There is nothing wrong with that. But if
saw a similar inverse relationship between you do it at the expense of being who you
fruit intake and volume of the cortex, the really are, making decisions that please
large outer layer of the brain. others instead of pleasing yourself, you’re
(B) A few large studies have helped to shed not going to be in that position very long.
some light. In one, higher fruit intake in When you start apologizing for who you
older, cognitively healthy adults was linked are, you stop growing and you stop
with less volume in the hippocampus. This winning. Permanently.
finding was unusual, since people who eat (C) But as soon as you start to win, and others
more fruit usually display the benefits start to notice, you’re suddenly aware that
associated with a healthy diet. you’re being observed. You’re being judged.
(C) Researchers in the latter study noted that You worry that others will discover your
excessive consumption of high-sugar fruit flaws and weaknesses, and you start hiding
(such as mangoes, bananas, and your true personality, so you can be a good
pineapples) may cause metabolic and role model and good citizen and a leader
cognitive problems as much as processed that others can respect.
carbs do.
① (A)-(C)-(B)
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

away from them, and remain alive
afterward.
(A) Humans, however, can incorporate these
novel factors in their judgments. The
(A) This is achieved by our brains labeling composite ─ or average of human
new, vague, or unpredictable everyday judgments and statistical models ─ proved
events and experiences as uncertain. Our to be more accurate than either the
brains then generate sensations, thoughts, statistical models or the managers working
and action plans to keep us safe from the alone.
uncertain element, and we live to see (B) Thus, in changing environments, it might
another day. be advantageous to combine human
(B) And if I’m uncertain, my brain will send judgment and statistical models. Blattberg
out a danger alert to protect me. The and Hoch examined this possibility by
dependence on certainty all those millennia having supermarket managers forecast
ago ensured our survival to the present demand for certain products and then
day, and the danger-alert system continues creating a composite forecast by averaging
to protect us. these judgments with the forecasts of
(C) In fact, we learned that the more certain statistical models based on past data.
we were about something, the better (C) The logic was that statistical models
chance we had of making the right choice. assume stable conditions and therefore
Is this berry the same shape as last time? cannot account for the effects on demand
The same size? If I know for certain it is, of novel events such as actions taken by
my brain will direct me to eat it because I competitors or the introduction of new
know it’s safe. products.
① (A)-(C)-(B) ① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

control and can practice asserting it. companies earned most of their revenue
from selling advertising space on their Web
sites. To boost reported revenue, some
(A) And in social free play, children learn how
sites began exchanging ad space.
to negotiate with others, how to please
others, and how to manage and overcome
the anger that can arise from conflicts. (A) No money ever changed hands, but each
None of these lessons can be taught company recorded revenue (for the value of
through verbal means; they can be learned the space that it gave up on its site) and
only through experience, which free play expense (for the value of its ad that it
provides. placed on the other company’s site).
(B) In free play, children learn to make their (B) For example, company A would put an ad
own decisions, solve their own problems, for its Web site on company B’s Web site,
create and follow rules, and get along with and company B would put an ad for its
others as equals rather than as obedient or Web site on company A’s Web site.
rebellious subordinates. (C) This practice did little to boost net income
(C) In active outdoor free play, children and resulted in no additional cash inflow
deliberately dose themselves with moderate ― but it did boost reported revenue. This
amounts of fear and they thereby learn practice was quickly put to an end because
how to control not only their bodies, but accountants felt that it did not meet the
also their fear. criteria of the revenue recognition
principle.
① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C) ① (A)-(C)-(B)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

human life; that meaning is amplified ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’.
when a myth evolves into a world. A
virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows
(A) Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a
when lots and lots of people believe in the
worm’s‑eye or plant’s-eye view of the
world.
environment: to see the world as others see
it. Emotive words like harsh and benign,
(A) My game might be a great game, one that even relativities such as hot and cold,
is completely immersive, one that should be used by ecologists only with
consumes all of my group’s time and care.
attention. If its reach is limited to the ten (B) To a cactus there is nothing extreme about
of us, though, then it’s ultimately just a the desert conditions in which cacti have
weird hobby, and it has limited social evolved; nor are the icy lands of Antarctica
function. an extreme environment for penguins. It is
(B) Thus, for a virtual world to provide lasting, lazy and dangerous for the ecologist to
wide-ranging value, its participants must be assume that all other organisms sense the
a large enough group to be considered a environment in the way we do.
society. When that threshold is reached, (C) It may seem obvious when conditions are
psychological value can turn into ‘extreme’: the midday heat of a desert, the
wide-ranging social value. cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity of
(C) Conversely, a virtual world cannot be long the Great Salt Lake. But this only means
sustained by a mere handful of adherents. that these conditions are extreme for us,
Consider the difference between a global given our particular physiological
sport and a game I invent with my nine characteristics and tolerances.
friends and play regularly.
① (A)-(C)-(B)
① (A)-(C)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
② (B)-(A)-(C) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

processes in their outcome. a continuum of easy-to-change and
hard-to-change. When you get toward the
“hard” end of the spectrum, note the
(A) Human processes, however, involve
language you hear — breaking bad habits
instinct, intuition, and other variables that
and battling addiction.
don’t necessarily reflect the book and may
not even consider the existing data. As an
example, the rational way to drive a car is (A) I specifically hope we will stop using this
to always follow the laws. phrase: “break a habit.” This language
(B) A process is rational if it always does the misguides people. The word “break” sets
right thing based on the current the wrong expectation for how you get rid
information, given an ideal performance of a bad habit.
measure. In short, rational processes go by (B) It’s as if an unwanted behavior is a
the book and assume that the book is nefarious villain to be aggressively
actually correct. defeated. But this kind of language (and
(C) However, traffic isn’t rational; if you follow the approaches it spawns) frames these
the laws precisely, you end up stuck challenges in a way that isn’t helpful or
somewhere because other drivers aren’t effective.
following the laws precisely. To be (C) This word implies that if you input a lot of
successful, a self-driving car must therefore force in one moment, the habit will be
act humanly, rather than rationally. gone. However, that rarely works, because
you usually cannot get rid of an unwanted
① (A)-(C)-(B) habit by applying force one time.
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ① (A)-(C)-(B)
④ (C)-(A)-(B) ② (B)-(A)-(C)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)


that we are creatures of reason when, in in fish.
fact, we are creatures of both reason and
emotion.
(A) The system is only working over small
distances, about one to two meters. This is
(A) For example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I an advantage since the species using the
can choose the wholegrain cereal, but what signal system often live in large groups
is my reason for wanting to be healthy? I with several other species. If many fish
can list more and more reasons such as send out signals at the same time, the
wanting to live longer, spending more short range decreases the risk of
quality time with loved ones, etc., but what interference.
are the reasons for those reasons? (B) The electric signals are produced in special
(B) You should be able to see by now that electric organs. When the signal is
reasons are ultimately based on non‑reason discharged the electric organ will be
such as values, feelings, or emotions. These negatively loaded compared to the head
deep-seated values, feelings, and emotions and an electric field is created around the
we have are rarely a result of reasoning, fish. A weak electric current is created also
but can certainly be influenced by in ordinary muscle cells when they
reasoning. We have values, feelings, and contract.
emotions before we begin to reason and (C) In the electric organ the muscle cells are
long before we begin to reason effectively. connected in larger chunks, which makes
(C) We cannot get by on reason alone since the total current intensity larger than in
any reason always eventually leads to a ordinary muscles The fish varies the signals
feeling. Should I get a wholegrain cereal or by changing the form of the electric field or
a chocolate cereal? I can list all the reasons the frequency of discharging.
I want, but the reasons have to be based
on something. ① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
① (A)-(C)-(B) ③ (B)-(C)-(A)
② (B)-(A)-(C) ④ (C)-(A)-(B)
③ (B)-(C)-(A) ⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)


others do not see, but which may be very have no difficulty in determining the
difficult. directions of up and down or back and
front.
(A) We can see an example in the development

of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (A) A bear is equally dangerous from its left or
which enables us to amplify small pieces of the right side, but not if it is upside down.
DNA in a short time. This type of creativity In fact, when observing a scene containing
might reduce the number of steps or plants, animals, and man‑made objects
substitute steps that are less likely to fail, such as cars or street signs, we can only
thus increasing productivity. tell when left and right have been inverted
(B) In such cases creativity may actually if we observe those artificial items.
decrease productivity (as measured by (B) Scientists propose that this occurs because,
publication counts) because effort is although we experience three dimensions,
focused on difficult problems. For others, only two had a strong influence on our
whose creativity is more focused on evolution: the vertical dimension as defined
methods and technique, creativity may lead by gravity and, in mobile species, the
to solutions that drastically reduce the front/back dimension as defined by the
work necessary to solve a problem. positioning of sensory and feeding
(C) Charles Darwin’s approach to the mechanisms.
speciation problem is a good example of (C) These influence our perception of vertical
this. He chose a very difficult and tangled versus horizontal, far versus close, and the
problem, speciation, which led him into a search for dangers from above (such as an
long period of data collection and eagle) or below (such as a snake).
deliberation. This choice of problem did However, the left-right axis is not as
not allow for a quick attack or a simple relevant in nature.
experiment.
① (A)-(C)-(B)
① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

3월 41~42번 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. 19)
sensitivity. They have different approaches to work.
(A) For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling them they
aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the individual.
Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they will each be more
receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things.
(B) And they’re each motivated by different things. Managing people is about being aware of their
unique personalities. It’s also about empathy and adaptability, and knowing how the things you
do and say will be interpreted and adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may
not be the same from one person to the next.
(C) Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for
the holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now. Consider each
person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and their
mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it. Personal connection,
compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock
star-level work out of everyone.
① (A)-(C)-(B)
② (B)-(A)-(C)
③ (B)-(C)-(A)
④ (C)-(A)-(B)
⑤ (C)-(B)-(A)

Part II 객관식 문제 - 삽입
3월 18번 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 3월 20번 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이
들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르
시오. 1) 시오. 2)
I’m especially interested in purchasing If you decide to accept the fact that your
the painting that depicts the horizon, titled task has to be done, start from recognising
Sunrise. that your situation is a gift from life.
to select and exhibit diverse artwork. ( ① ) create unpleasant environment for
As I mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. themselves and others. ( ① ) If you hate
Parker’s paintings, which emphasize the the thing you do but have to do it
beauty of nature. ( ② ) Over the past few nonetheless, you have choice between
days, I have been researching and learning hating the thing and accepting that it
about Robert D. Parker’s online viewing needs to be done. ( ② ) Either way you will
room through your gallery’s website. ( ③ ) do it. ( ③ ) Doing it from place of hatred
I would like to know if the piece is still will develop hatred towards the self and
available for purchase. ( ④ ) It would be a others around you. ( ④ ) Doing it from the
great pleasure to house this wonderful place of acceptance will create compassion
piece of art. ( ⑤ ) I look forward to your towards the self and allow for
reply to this inquiry. opportunities to find a more suitable way
of accomplishing the task. ( ⑤ ) This will
help you to see it as a lesson in
acceptance.

시오. 3) 시오. 4)
That’s what counts, that they will be Assuming he or she did not make an
safer because of your idea and your effort. ambitious move, more often than not, this
individual is a victim of having failed to
Everyone’s heard the expression don't let stay relevant and embrace the advances in
the perfect become the enemy of the good. his or her industry.
If you want to get over an obstacle so that

your idea can become the solution‑based Brands that fail to grow and develop lose
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t their relevance. ( ① ) Think about the
have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. ( ① ) You person you knew who was once on the fast
have to be willing to alter your idea and let track at your company, who is either no
others influence its outcome. ( ② ) You longer with the firm or, worse yet, appears
have to be okay with the outcome being a to have hit a plateau in his or her career.
little different, even a little less, than you ( ② ) Think about the impact personal
wanted. ( ③ ) Say you’re pushing for a computing technology had on the first
clean water act. (④) Even if what wave of executive leadership exposed to
emerges isn’t as well‑funded as you wished, the technology. ( ③ ) Those who embraced
or doesn’t match how you originally the technology were able to integrate it
conceived the bill, you’ll have still into their work styles and excel. ( ④ )
succeeded in ensuring that kids in troubled Those who were resistant many times
areas have access to clean water. ( ⑤ ) Is it found few opportunities to advance their
perfect? No. Is there more work to be careers. ( ⑤ ) And, in many cases, they
done? Absolutely. But in almost every case, were ultimately let go through early
helping move the needle forward is vastly retirement for failure to stay relevant and
better than not helping at all. update their skills.

시오. 5) 시오. 6)
In this study, however, the researchers You’re being judged. You worry that
isolated various components of the others will discover your flaws and
subjects’ diets and found that fruit didn’t weaknesses, and you start hiding your true
seem to be doing their memory centers any personality, so you can be a good role
favors. model and good citizen and a leader that
others can respect.
What consequences of eating too many

grapes and other sweet fruit could there Winning turns on a self‑conscious
possibly be for our brains? ( ① ) A few awareness that others are watching. It’s a
large studies have helped to shed some lot easier to move under the radar when
light. ( ② ) In one, higher fruit intake in no one knows you and no one is paying
older, cognitively healthy adults was linked attention. ( ① ) You can mess up and be
with less volume in the hippocampus. ( ③ ) rough and get dirty because no one even
This finding was unusual, since people who knows you’re there. ( ② ) But as soon as
eat more fruit usually display the benefits you start to win, and others start to notice,
associated with a healthy diet. (④) you’re suddenly aware that you’re being
Another study from the Mayo Clinic saw a observed. ( ③ ) There is nothing wrong
similar inverse relationship between fruit with that. ( ④ ) But if you do it at the
intake and volume of the cortex, the large expense of being who you really are,
outer layer of the brain. ( ⑤ ) Researchers making decisions that please others instead
in the latter study noted that excessive of pleasing yourself, you’re not going to be
consumption of high-sugar fruit (such as in that position very long. ( ⑤ ) When you
mangoes, bananas, and pineapples) may start apologizing for who you are, you stop
cause metabolic and cognitive problems as growing and you stop winning.
much as processed carbs do. Permanently.

시오. 7) 시오. 8)
This is achieved by our brains labeling Humans, however, can incorporate these
new, vague, or unpredictable everyday novel factors in their judgments.
events and experiences as uncertain.
Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted

Human beings like certainty. This liking that, in a changing environment, it is not
stems from our ancient ancestors who clear that consistency is always a virtue
needed to survive alongside saber-toothed and that one of the advantages of human
tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains judgment is the ability to detect change.
evolved to help us attend to threats, keep ( ① ) Thus, in changing environments, it
away from them, and remain alive might be advantageous to combine human
afterward. In fact, we learned that the judgment and statistical models. ( ② )
more certain we were about something, the Blattberg and Hoch examined this
better chance we had of making the right possibility. ( ③ ) They had supermarket
choice. ( ① ) Is this berry the same shape managers forecast demand for certain
as last time? The same size? ( ② ) If I products and then created a composite
know for certain it is, my brain will direct forecast by averaging these judgments with
me to eat it because I know it’s safe. ( ③ ) the forecasts of statistical models based on
And if I’m uncertain, my brain will send past data. (④) The logic was that
out a danger alert to protect me. ( ④ ) The statistical models assume stable conditions
dependence on certainty all those millennia and therefore cannot account for the
ago ensured our survival to the present effects on demand of novel events such as
day, and the danger-alert system continues actions taken by competitors or the
to protect us. ( ⑤ ) Our brains then introduction of new products. ( ⑤ ) The
generate sensations, thoughts, and action composite ─ or average of human
plans to keep us safe from the uncertain judgments and statistical models ─ proved
element, and we live to see another day. to be more accurate than either the
statistical models or the managers working
alone.

시오. 9) 시오. 10)
None of these lessons can be taught This practice did little to boost net
through verbal means. income and resulted in no additional cash
inflow ― but it did boost reported
Free play is nature’s means of teaching revenue.
children that they are not helpless. ( ① ) In

play, away from adults, children really do Many early dot-com investors focused
have control and can practice asserting it. ( almost entirely on revenue growth instead
② ) In free play, children learn to make of net income. ( ① ) Many early dot-com
their own decisions, solve their own companies earned most of their revenue
problems, create and follow rules, and get from selling advertising space on their Web
along with others as equals rather than as sites. ( ② ) To boost reported revenue,
obedient or rebellious subordinates. ( ③ ) some sites began exchanging ad space.
In active outdoor play, children ( ③ ) Company A would put an ad for its
deliberately dose themselves with moderate Web site on company B’s Web site, and
amounts of fear and they thereby learn company B would put an ad for its Web
how to control not only their bodies, but site on company A’s Web site. ( ④ ) No
also their fear. ( ④ ) In social play children money ever changed hands, but each
learn how to negotiate with others, how to company recorded revenue (for the value
please others, and how to manage and of the space that it gave up on its site) and
overcome the anger that can arise from expense (for the value of its ad that it
conflicts. ( ⑤ ) They can be learned only placed on the other company’s site). ( ⑤ )
through experience, which free play This practice was quickly put to an end
provides. because accountants felt that it did not
meet the criteria of the revenue recognition
principle.

시오. 11) 시오. 12)
If its reach is limited to the ten of us, But this only means that these
though, then it’s ultimately just a weird conditions are extreme for us, given our
hobby, and it has limited social function. particular physiological characteristics and
tolerances.
Scholars of myth have long argued that

myth gives structure and meaning to It seems natural to describe certain
human life; that meaning is amplified environmental conditions as ‘extreme’,
when a myth evolves into a world. A ‘harsh’, ‘benign’ or ‘stressful’. ( ① ) It may
virtual world’s ability to fulfill needs grows seem obvious when conditions are
when lots and lots of people believe in the ‘extreme’: the midday heat of a desert, the
world. ( ① ) Conversely, a virtual world cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity of
cannot be long sustained by a mere the Great Salt Lake. ( ② ) To a cactus
handful of adherents. ( ② ) Consider the there is nothing extreme about the desert
difference between a global sport and a conditions in which cacti have evolved; nor
game I invent with my nine friends and are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme
play regularly. ( ③ ) My game might be a environment for penguins. ( ③ ) It is lazy
great game, one that is completely and dangerous for the ecologist to assume
immersive, one that consumes all of my that all other organisms sense the
group’s time and attention. ( ④ ) For a environment in the way we do. ( ④ )
virtual world to provide lasting, Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a
wide-ranging value, its participants must worm’s‑eye or plant’s-eye view of the
be a large enough group to be considered a environment: to see the world as others
society. ( ⑤ ) When that threshold is see it. ( ⑤ ) Emotive words like harsh and
reached, psychological value can turn into benign, even relativities such as hot and
wide-ranging social value. cold, should be used by ecologists only
with care.

시오. 13) 시오. 14)
As an example, the rational way to drive This word misguides people.

a car is to always follow the laws.
Like positive habits, bad habits exist on

Human processes differ from rational a continuum of easy-to-change and
processes in their outcome. ( ① ) A process hard-to-change. When you get toward the
is rational if it always does the right thing “hard” end of the spectrum, note the
based on the current information, given an language you hear — breaking bad habits
ideal performance measure. ( ② ) In short, and battling addiction. ( ① ) It’s as if an
rational processes go by the book and unwanted behavior is a nefarious villain to
assume that the book is actually correct. be aggressively defeated. ( ② ) But this
( ③ ) Human processes involve instinct, kind of language (and the approaches it
intuition, and other variables that don’t spawns) frames these challenges in a way
necessarily reflect the book and may not that isn’t helpful or effective. ( ③ ) I
even consider the existing data. ( ④ ) specifically hope we will stop using this
However, traffic isn’t rational; if you follow phrase: “break a habit.” ( ④ ) The word
the laws precisely, you end up stuck “break” sets the wrong expectation for how
somewhere because other drivers aren’t you get rid of a bad habit. ( ⑤ ) This word
following the laws precisely. ( ⑤ ) To be implies that if you input a lot of force in
successful, a self-driving car must therefore one moment, the habit will be gone.
act humanly, rather than rationally. However, that rarely works, because you
usually cannot get rid of an unwanted

시오. 15) 시오. 16)
I can list all the reasons I want, but the This signals are only working over small
reasons have to be based on something. distances, about one to two meters.

or a chocolate cereal? ( ① ) For example, if fish. ( ① ) A weak electric current is
my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the created also in ordinary muscle cells when
wholegrain cereal, but what is my reason they contract. ( ② ) In the electric organ
for wanting to be healthy? ( ② ) I can list the muscle cells are connected in larger
more and more reasons such as wanting to chunks, which makes the total current
live longer, spending more quality time intensity larger than in ordinary muscles
with loved ones, etc., but what are the (③) The fish varies the signals by
reasons for those reasons? ( ③ ) You changing the form of the electric field or
should be able to see by now that reasons the frequency of discharging. ( ④ ) This is
are ultimately based on non‑reason such as an advantage since the species using the
values, feelings, or emotions. ( ④ ) These signal system often live in large groups
deep-seated values, feelings, and emotions with several other species. ( ⑤ ) If many
we have are rarely a result of reasoning, fish send out signals at the same time, the
but can certainly be influenced by short range decreases the risk of
reasoning. ( ⑤ ) We have values, feelings, interference.
and emotions before we begin to reason
and long before we begin to reason
effectively.

시오. 17) 시오. 18)
In such cases creativity may actually However, the left-right axis is not as
decrease productivity (as measured by relevant in nature.
publication counts) because effort is
focused on difficult problems. A young child may be puzzled when
asked to distinguish between the directions
Creativity can have an effect on of right and left. ( ① ) But that same child
productivity. Creativity leads some may have no difficulty in determining the
individuals to recognize problems that directions of up and down or back and
others do not see, but which may be very front. ( ② ) Scientists propose that this
difficult. ( ① ) Charles Darwin’s approach occurs because, although we experience
to the speciation problem is a good three dimensions, only two had a strong
example of this; he chose a very difficult influence on our evolution: the vertical
and tangled problem, speciation, which led dimension as defined by gravity and, in
him into a long period of data collection mobile species, the front/back dimension
and deliberation. ( ② ) This choice of as defined by the positioning of sensory
problem did not allow for a quick attack or and feeding mechanisms. (③) These
a simple experiment. ( ③ ) For others, influence our perception of vertical versus
whose creativity is more focused on horizontal, far versus close, and the search
methods and technique, creativity may lead for dangers from above (such as an eagle)
to solutions that drastically reduce the or below (such as a snake). ( ④ ) A bear is
work necessary to solve a problem. ( ④ ) equally dangerous from its left or the right
We can see an example in the development side, but not if it is upside down. ( ⑤ ) In
of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fact, when observing a scene containing
which enables us to amplify small pieces of plants, animals, and man‑made objects
DNA in a short time. ( ⑤ ) This type of such as cars or street signs, we can only
creativity might reduce the number of tell when left and right have been inverted
steps or substitute steps that are less likely if we observe those artificial items.
to fail, thus increasing productivity.

3월 41~42번 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오. 19)
For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or telling them
they aren’t getting that deserved promotion just yet, you need to bear in mind the individual.
adapting accordingly. ( ① ) Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one
person to the next. ( ② ) Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily,
and they will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. ( ③ )
Perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for
the holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now. ( ④ ) Consider
each person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and
their mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it. ( ⑤ ) Personal
connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing
consistent, rock star-level work out of everyone.

Part II 객관식 문제 - 흐름
3월 18번 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 3월 20번 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계

없는 문장은? 1) 없는 문장은? 2)
to select and exhibit diverse artwork. ① As create unpleasant environment for
I mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. themselves and others. If you hate the
beauty of nature. ② Over the past few you have choice between hating the thing
days, I have been researching and learning and accepting that it needs to be done.
about Robert D. Parker’s online viewing ① Either way you will do it. ② Doing it
room through your gallery’s website. from place of hatred will develop hatred
③ Parker has produced set designs for towards the self and others around you.
operas and films, as well as illustrations ③ There are a number of factors that
for over 40 children’s books during the contribute to why you might hate your job.
course of his career. ④ I’m especially ④ Doing it from the place of acceptance,
interested in purchasing the painting that on the other hand, will create compassion
depicts the horizon, titled Sunrise, so I towards the self and allow for
would like to know if the piece is still opportunities to find a more suitable way
available for purchase. ⑤ It would be a of accomplishing the task. ⑤ If you decide
great pleasure to house this wonderful to accept the fact that your task has to be
piece of art, and I look forward to your done, start from recognising that your
reply to this inquiry. situation is a gift from life; this will help


the perfect become the enemy of the good. their relevance. ① Think about the person
have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have have hit a plateau in his or her career.
to be willing to alter your idea and let ② Assuming he or she did not make an
wanted. ① Say you’re pushing for a clean his or her industry. ③ Think about the
water act. ② The clean water act made it impact personal computing technology had
unlawful to discharge any pollutant from a on the first wave of executive leadership
point source into navigable waters, unless exposed to the technology. ④ Those who
a permit was obtained. ③ Even if what embraced the technology were able to
emerges isn’t as well‑funded as you wished, separate it from their work styles and
or doesn’t match how you originally excel. ⑤ Those who were resistant many
conceived the bill, you’ll have still times found few opportunities to advance
succeeded in ensuring that kids in troubled their careers and in many cases were
areas have access to clean water. ④ That’s ultimately let go through early retirement
what counts, that they will be safer for failure to stay relevant and update their
because of your idea and your effort. ⑤ It skills.
isn’t perfect and certainly, there is more
work to do, but in almost every case,
helping move the needle forward is vastly
better than not helping at all.



in the hippocampus. ① This finding was you’re there. ① But as soon as you start to
a healthy diet. ② Consuming high amounts ② You’re being judged, so you worry that
of sugar over time can contribute to insulin others will discover your flaws and
resistance and metabolic dysfunction, weaknesses, and you start hiding your true
which can further increase the risk of personality, so you can be a good role
neurological disorders and cognitive model and good citizen and a leader that
decline. ③ In this study, however, the others can respect. ③ There is nothing
researchers isolated various components of wrong with that. ④ But if you do it at the
the subjects’ diets and found that fruit expense of being who you really are,
didn’t seem to be doing their memory making decisions that please others instead
centers any favors. ④ Another study from of pleasing yourself, you’re not going to be
the Mayo Clinic saw a similar inverse in that position very long. ⑤ The reason
relationship between fruit intake and why so many people fail, is because they
volume of the cortex, the large outer layer only think of nobody but themselves.
of the brain. ⑤ Researchers in the latter
study noted that excessive consumption of
high-sugar fruit (such as mangoes,
bananas, and pineapples) may cause
metabolic and cognitive problems as much


away from them, and remain alive ① Thus, in changing environments, it
afterward. In fact, we learned that the might be advantageous to combine human
more certain we were about something, the judgment and statistical models.
better chance we had of making the right ② Blattberg and Hoch examined this
choice. ① Consider a situation that you possibility by having supermarket
found a berry and ask yourself, “Is this managers forecast demand for certain
berry the same shape as last time? The products and then creating a composite
same size?” ② The integration of sensory forecast by averaging these judgments with
information to either drive or diminish the forecasts of statistical models based on
appetite involves a complex combination of past data. ③ The logic was that statistical
both innate and learned behaviors. ③ If models assume stable conditions and
I’m uncertain, my brain will send out a therefore cannot account for the effects on
danger alert to protect me. ④ The demand of novel events such as actions
dependence on certainty all those millennia taken by competitors or the introduction of
ago ensured our survival to the present new products. ④ Statistical models
day, and the danger-alert system continues summarize the results of a test and present
to protect us. ⑤ This is achieved by our them in such a way that humans can more
brains labeling new, vague, or easily see and understand any patterns
unpredictable everyday events and within the data. ⑤ Humans, however, can
experiences as uncertain. Our brains then incorporate these novel factors in their
generate sensations, thoughts, and action judgments. The composite ─ or average of
plans to keep us safe from the uncertain human judgments and statistical models ─
element, and we live to see another day. proved to be more accurate than either the
statistical models or the managers working
alone.


control and can practice asserting it. ① In companies earned most of their revenue
decisions, solve their own problems, create sites. ① To boost reported revenue, some
and follow rules, and get along with others sites began exchanging ad space. ②
as equals rather than as obedient or Company A would put an ad for its Web
rebellious subordinates. ② It can site on company B’s Web site, and
sometimes lead to the development of company B would put an ad for its Web
aggressive behaviors or bullying tendencies site on company A’s Web site. ③ No
when they are not supervised or taught money ever changed hands, but each
how to manage their emotions and interact company recorded revenue (for the value
positively with others. ③ In active outdoor of the space that it gave up on its site) and
play, children deliberately dose themselves expense (for the value of its ad that it
with moderate amounts of fear and they placed on the other company’s site). ④ The
thereby learn how to control not only their exchange of ad space between companies
bodies, but also their fear. ④ In social play had a negligible effect on reported revenue,
children learn how to negotiate with but it was successful in generating
others, how to please others, and how to additional cash inflow. ⑤ This practice was
manage and overcome the anger that can quickly put to an end because accountants
arise from conflicts. ⑤ None of these felt that it did not meet the criteria of the
lessons can be taught through verbal revenue recognition principle.
means; they can be learned only through
experience, which free play provides.


world. Conversely, a virtual world cannot Salt Lake. ① But this only means that
be long sustained by a mere handful of these conditions are extreme for us, given
adherents. ① Consider the difference our particular physiological characteristics
between a global sport and a game I invent and tolerances. ② To a cactus there is
with my nine friends and play regularly. ② nothing extreme about the desert
My game might be a great game, one that conditions in which cacti have evolved; nor
is completely immersive, one that are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme
consumes all of my group’s time and environment for penguins. ③ The ecologist
attention. ③ If its reach is limited to the need not be cautious when using emotive
ten of us, though, then it’s ultimately just a words like harsh and benign, as these
weird hobby, and it has limited social terms are universally understood and have
function. ④ The difference between a the same meaning for all organisms. ④ So,
global sport and a game played by a small the ecologist should try to gain a
group of friends is negligible, and both worm’s‑eye or plant’s-eye view of the
have equal social function. ⑤ When the environment: to see the world as others
threshold of the number of people that is see it. ⑤ Emotive words like harsh and
large enough to be considered a society is benign, even relativities such as hot and
reached, psychological value can turn into cold, should be used by ecologists only
wide-ranging social value. with care.


① Human processes involve instinct, be aggressively defeated. But this kind of
even consider the existing data. ② As an helpful or effective. I specifically hope we
example, the rational way to drive a car is will stop using this phrase: “break a habit.”
to always follow the laws. ③ It enhances ① This language misguides people. ② The
public safety and builds trust in the word “break” sets the wrong expectation
system, which can lead to fewer accidents, for how you get rid of a bad habit. ③ This
less crime, and an overall sense of security word implies that if you input a lot of force
on the roads. ④ However, traffic isn’t in one moment, the habit will be gone.
rational; if you follow the laws precisely, ④ However, that rarely works, because you
you end up stuck somewhere because other usually cannot get rid of an unwanted
drivers aren’t following the laws precisely. habit by applying force one time. ⑤ Using
⑤ To be successful, a self-driving car must words like "breaking" or "battling" can help
therefore act humanly, rather than individuals feel a sense of accomplishment
rationally. when they make progress or reach their
goals.



reasons I want, but the reasons have to be in ordinary muscle cells when they
based on something. For example, if my contract. ① In the electric organ the
goal is to eat healthy, ① While many muscle cells are connected in larger
wholegrain cereals are low in added sugars chunks, which makes the total current
and high in fiber, some brands may intensity larger than in ordinary muscles
contain high amounts of added sugars and ② The waveform or shape of the electrical
other unhealthy ingredients. ② I can list signal may be complex or simple, and can
more and more reasons of eating healthy provide information about the fish's
such as wanting to live longer, spending orientation and location. ③ This increased
more quality time with loved ones, etc., but current intensity enables the system to
what are the reasons for those reasons? work over small distances, about one to
③ You should be able to see by now that two meters. ④ This is an advantage since
reasons are ultimately based on non‑reason the species using the signal system often
such as values, feelings, or emotions. live in large groups with several other
④ These deep-seated values, feelings, and species. ⑤ If many fish send out signals at
emotions we have are rarely a result of the same time, the short range decreases
reasoning, but can certainly be influenced the risk of interference.
by reasoning. ⑤ We have values, feelings,
and emotions before we begin to reason
and long before we begin to reason
effectively.



difficult. Charles Darwin’s approach to the directions of up and down or back and
speciation problem is a good example of front. ① It suggests that the way humans
this; he chose a very difficult and tangled perceive and represent space is influenced
problem, speciation, which led him into a by cultural and linguistic factors.
long period of data collection and ② Scientists propose that this occurs
deliberation. ① This choice of problem did because, although we experience three
not allow for a quick attack or a simple dimensions, only two had a strong
experiment. ② In such cases creativity may influence on our evolution: the vertical
actually decrease productivity (as measured dimension as defined by gravity and, in
by publication counts) because effort is mobile species, the front/back dimension
focused on difficult problems. ③ For as defined by the positioning of sensory
others, whose creativity is more focused on and feeding mechanisms. ③ These
methods and technique, creativity may lead influence our perception of vertical versus
to solutions that drastically reduce the horizontal, far versus close, and the search
work necessary to solve a problem. ④ The for dangers from above (such as an eagle)
development of real-time PCR and or below (such as a snake). ④ However,
quantitative PCR (qPCR) allows for precise the left-right axis is not as relevant in
measurement of DNA amplification, nature, as you can see it in a bear being
improving the accuracy of quantitative equally dangerous from its left or the right
assays. ⑤ This type of creativity might side, but not if it is upside down. ⑤ In
reduce the number of steps or substitute fact, when observing a scene containing
steps that are less likely to fail, thus plants, animals, and man‑made objects
increasing productivity. such as cars or street signs, we can only
tell when left and right have been inverted
if we observe those artificial items.

3월 41~42번 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계없는 문장은? 19)
things. ① Managing people is about being aware of their unique personalities. It’s also about
adapting accordingly. ② Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one person
to the next. ③ For instance, if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or
individual. ④ According to a report published by the Economic Policy Institute in 2019, an
estimated 4.6 million workers were not paid overtime wages, despite working more than 40
hours per week. ⑤ Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they
will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. ⑥ Perhaps that
while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now. ⑦ Consider each person’s
the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it. ⑧ Personal connection, compassion,
and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock star-level work out
of everyone.

Part II 객관식 문제 - 연결사 및 함축의미 추론
3월 18번 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 3월 20번 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로

가장 적절한 것은? 1) 가장 적절한 것은? 2)
It was a pleasure meeting you at your The more people have to do unwanted things
gallery last week. I appreciate your effort the more chances are that they create
to select and exhibit diverse artwork. As I unpleasant environment for themselves and
mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. others. If you hate the thing you do but have to
Parker’s paintings, which emphasize the do it nonetheless, you have choice between
beauty of nature. (A) , over hating the thing and accepting that it needs to
the past few days, I have been researching be done. Either way you will do it. Doing it
and learning about Robert D. Parker’s from place of hatred will develop hatred
online viewing room through your gallery’s towards the self and others around you.
website. I’m especially interested in (A) , doing it from the place
purchasing the painting that depicts the of acceptance will create compassion towards
horizon, titled Sunrise. (B) , the self and allow for opportunities to find a
I would like to know if the piece is still more suitable way of accomplishing the task.
available for purchase. It would be a great If you decide to accept the fact that your
pleasure to house this wonderful piece of task has to be done, start from recognising
art. I look forward to your reply to this that your situation is a gift from life.
inquiry. (B) , this will help you to
see it as a lesson in acceptance.
(A) (B)
① In addition …… Nonetheless (A) (B)
② In addition …… Instead ① In addition …… That’s why
③ In brief …… Therefore ② In addition …… That’s to say
④ In fact …… Nonetheless ③ In other words …… That’s because
⑤ In fact …… Therefore ④ On the other hand …… That’s because

⑤ On the other hand …… That’s why

3월 21번 밑줄 친 let the perfect become 3월 22번 밑줄 친 hit a plateau가 다음 글

the enemy of the good이 다음 에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절한
글에서 의미하는 바로 가장 적절 것은? 4)
한 것은? 3)
Brands that fail to grow and develop lose

Everyone’s heard the expression don't their relevance. Think about the person
let the perfect become the enemy of the good. you knew who was once on the fast track
If you want to get over an obstacle so that
at your company, who is either no longer
your idea can become the solution‑based
with the firm or, worse yet, appears to
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t
have hit a plateau in his or her career.
have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have
Assuming he or she did not make an
to be willing to alter your idea and let
ambitious move, more often than not, this
others influence its outcome. You have to
wanted. Say you’re pushing for a clean his or her industry. Think about the impact
water act. Even if what emerges isn’t as personal computing technology had on the
well‑funded as you wished, or doesn’t first wave of executive leadership exposed
match how you originally conceived the to the technology. Those who embraced the
bill, you’ll have still succeeded in ensuring technology were able to integrate it into
that kids in troubled areas have access to
their work styles and excel. Those who
clean water. That’s what counts, that they
were resistant many times found few
will be safer because of your idea and your
opportunities to advance their careers and
effort. Is it perfect? No. Is there more work
in many cases were ultimately let go
to be done? Absolutely. But in almost every
case, helping move the needle forward is through early retirement for failure to stay
vastly better than not helping at all. relevant and update their skills.
① decrease the chance of achieving even a part ① achieved a great and incomparable success
all of a sudden
of a goal by insisting on its total realization
② entered a stable stage or a constant position
② realize that it is impossible to complete tasks
or achieve goals under any circumstances ③ given a great impression on people who you
meet
③ separate the perfect idea from getting the
best out come from its implementation in the ④ reached a state or level of no growth or
real world decline
④ stick to what is considered good in spite of ⑤ set a goal that is beyond what everyone
practical challenges or imperfect technology expects
⑤ try to be perfect when starting to do any

tasks from the beginning

3월 23번 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 3월 24번 밑줄 친 apologizing for who

가장 적절한 것은? 5) you are가 다음 글에서 의미하는
바로 가장 적절한 것은? 6)
What consequences of eating too many

grapes and other sweet fruit could there Winning turns on a self‑conscious
possibly be for our brains? A few large awareness that others are watching. It’s a
studies have helped to shed some light. In lot easier to move under the radar when
one, higher fruit intake in older, cognitively no one knows you and no one is paying
healthy adults was linked with less volume attention. You can mess up and be rough
in the hippocampus. (A) , and get dirty because no one even knows
this finding was unusual, since people who you’re there. But as soon as you start to
eat more fruit usually display the benefits win, and others start to notice, you’re
associated with a healthy diet. In this suddenly aware that you’re being observed.
study, however, the researchers isolated You’re being judged. You worry that others
various components of the subjects’ diets will discover your flaws and weaknesses,
and found that fruit didn’t seem to be and you start hiding your true personality,
doing their memory centers any favors. so you can be a good role model and good
(B) , another study from citizen and a leader that others can
the Mayo Clinic saw an inverse respect. There is nothing wrong with that.
relationship between fruit intake and But if you do it at the expense of being
volume of the cortex, the large outer layer who you really are, making decisions that
of the brain. Researchers in the latter please others instead of pleasing yourself,
study noted that excessive consumption of you’re not going to be in that position very
high-sugar fruit (such as mangoes, long. When you start apologizing for who
bananas, and pineapples) may cause you are, you stop growing and you stop
metabolic and cognitive problems as much winning. Permanently.
① accepting your real self as it is

② apologizing for causing offense
(A) (B)
① Besides …… In contrast ③ denying what other people judge about you
② Besides …… Similarly ④ pretending to be anyone else
③ Indeed …… In contrast ⑤ realizing who you really are
④ Yet …… Rather
⑤ Yet …… Similarly


away from them, and remain alive (A) , in changing
afterward. (A) , we learned environments, it might be advantageous to
that the more certain we were about combine human judgment and statistical
something, the better chance we had of models. Blattberg and Hoch examined this
making the right choice. Is this berry the possibility by having supermarket
same shape as last time? The same size? If managers forecast demand for certain
I know for certain it is, my brain will products and then creating a composite
direct me to eat it because I know it’s safe. forecast by averaging these judgments with
(B) , if I’m uncertain, my the forecasts of statistical models based on
brain will send out a danger alert to past data. The logic was that statistical
protect me. The dependence on certainty models assume stable conditions and
all those millennia ago ensured our therefore cannot account for the effects on
survival to the present day, and the demand of novel events such as actions
danger-alert system continues to protect taken by competitors or the introduction of
us. This is achieved by our brains labeling new products. Humans, (B) ,
new, vague, or unpredictable everyday can incorporate these novel factors in their
events and experiences as uncertain. Our judgments. The composite ─ or average of
brains then generate sensations, thoughts, human judgments and statistical models ─
and action plans to keep us safe from the proved to be more accurate than either the
uncertain element, and we live to see statistical models or the managers working
another day. alone.
(A) (B)
(A) (B)
① Indeed …… On the other hand
① Additionally …… therefore
② Actually …… In contrast
② Conversely …… indeed
③ Furthermore …… Nonetheless
③ Thus …… besides
④ Briefly …… In contrast
④ Nonetheless …… however
⑤ Inversely …… However
⑤ Hence …… though


children that they are not helpless. In play, almost entirely on revenue growth instead of
away from adults, children really do have net income. Many early dot-com companies
control and can practice asserting it. In free earned most of their revenue from selling
play, children learn to make their own advertising space on their Web sites. To
decisions, solve their own problems, create boost reported revenue, some sites began
and follow rules, and get along with others exchanging ad space. (A) ,
as equals rather than as obedient or company A would put an ad for its Web site
rebellious subordinates. (A) , on company B’s Web site, and company B
in active outdoor play, children deliberately would put an ad for its Web site on
dose themselves with moderate amounts of company A’s Web site. No money ever
fear and they thereby learn how to control changed hands, but each company recorded
not only their bodies, but also their fear. In revenue (for the value of the space that it
social play children learn how to negotiate gave up on its site) and expense (for the
with others, how to please others, and how value of its ad that it placed on the other
to manage and overcome the anger that company’s site). This practice did little to
can arise from conflicts. None of these boost net income and resulted in no
lessons can be taught through verbal additional cash inflow ― but it did boost
means. (B) , they can be reported revenue. (B) , this
learned only through experience, which practice was quickly put to an end because
free play provides. accountants felt that it did not meet the
criteria of the revenue recognition principle.
(A) (B)
① Actually …… However (A) (B)
① In addition …… That’s because
② Consequently …… Rather
② In other words …… That’s why
③ Likewise …… Nevertheless
③ In the same manner …… That’s how
④ Therefore …… Namely
④ On the contrary …… That’s why
⑤ Similarly …… Instead
⑤ That is to say …… That’s because


world. (A) , a virtual world Salt Lake. (A) , this only
cannot be long sustained by a mere means that these conditions are extreme
handful of adherents. Consider the for us, given our particular physiological
difference between a global sport and a characteristics and tolerances. To a cactus
game I invent with my nine friends and there is nothing extreme about the desert
play regularly. My game might be a great conditions in which cacti have evolved; nor
game, one that is completely immersive, are the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme
one that consumes all of my group’s time environment for penguins. It is lazy and
and attention. If its reach is limited to the dangerous for the ecologist to assume that
ten of us, (B) , then it’s all other organisms sense the environment
ultimately just a weird hobby, and it has in the way we do. (B) , the
limited social function. For a virtual world ecologist should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or
to provide lasting, wide-ranging value, its plant’s-eye view of the environment: to see
participants must be a large enough group the world as others see it. Emotive words
to be considered a society. When that like harsh and benign, even relativities
threshold is reached, psychological value such as hot and cold, should be used by
can turn into wide-ranging social value. ecologists only with care.
(A) (B)
(A) (B)
① As a result …… Rather
① Conversely …… therefore
② As a result …… Instead
② Furthermore …… though
③ In fact …… Moreover
③ In fact …… for example
④ Yet …… Instead
④ On the contrary …… however
⑤ Yet …… Moreover
⑤ Rather …… similarly


rational if it always does the right thing based hard-to-change. When you get toward the
on the current information, given an ideal “hard” end of the spectrum, note the
performance measure. (A) , language you hear — breaking bad habits
Human processes involve instinct, intuition, be aggressively defeated. But this kind of
and other variables that don’t necessarily language (and the approaches it spawns)
reflect the book and may not even consider frames these challenges in a way that isn’t
the existing data. As an example, the helpful or effective. I specifically hope we
rational way to drive a car is to always will stop using this phrase: “break a habit.”
follow the laws. (B) , traffic This language misguides people. The word
isn’t rational; if you follow the laws “break” sets the wrong expectation for how
precisely, you end up stuck somewhere you get rid of a bad habit. This word
because other drivers aren’t following the implies that if you input a lot of force in
laws precisely. To be successful, a one moment, the habit will be gone.
self-driving car must therefore act However, that rarely works, because you
humanly, rather than rationally. usually cannot get rid of an unwanted
(A) (B)
(A) (B)
① In addition …… However
① Furthermore …… Therefore
② In addition …… Instead
② However …… Yet
③ In brief …… However
③ Instead …… Likewise
④ In short …… Besides
④ Moreover …… However
⑤ In short …… Instead
⑤ Yet …… Consequently



or a chocolate cereal? I can list all the fish. (A) , a weak electric
reasons I want, but the reasons have to be current is created in ordinary muscle cells
based on something. (A) , if when they contract. In the electric organ
my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the the muscle cells are connected in larger
wholegrain cereal, but what is my reason chunks, which makes the total current
for wanting to be healthy? I can list more intensity larger than in ordinary muscles
and more reasons such as wanting to live The fish varies the signals by changing the
longer, spending more quality time with form of the electric field or the frequency
loved ones, etc., but what are the reasons of discharging. The system is only working
for those reasons? You should be able to over small distances, about one to two
see by now that reasons are ultimately meters. This is an advantage since the
based on non‑reason such as values, species using the signal system often live
feelings, or emotions. These deep-seated in large groups with several other species.
values, feelings, and emotions we have are (B) , if many fish send out
rarely a result of reasoning, but can signals at the same time, the short range
certainly be influenced by reasoning. decreases the risk of interference.
(B) , we have values,
feelings, and emotions before we begin to
(A) (B)
reason and long before we begin to reason ① Also …… That’s why
effectively. ② Also …… That’s because
③ Conversely …… That’s why
(A) (B) ④ However …… That’s because
① For instance …… Actually ⑤ However …… That’s how
② For instance …… Therefore

③ In addition …… Actually
④ In addition …… Namely
⑤ In other words …… Therefore



difficult. Charles Darwin’s approach to the directions of up and down or back and
speciation problem is a good example of front. Scientists propose that this occurs
this. (A) , he chose a very because, although we experience three
difficult and tangled problem, speciation, dimensions, only two had a strong influence
which led him into a long period of data on our evolution. (A) , the
collection and deliberation. This choice of vertical dimension as defined by gravity
problem did not allow for a quick attack or and, in mobile species, the front/back
a simple experiment. In such cases
dimension as defined by the positioning of
creativity may actually decrease
sensory and feeding mechanisms. These
productivity (as measured by publication
influence our perception of vertical versus
counts) because effort is focused on
horizontal, far versus close, and the search
difficult problems. (B) , for
for dangers from above (such as an eagle)
others, whose creativity is more focused on
or below (such as a snake). However, the
methods and technique, creativity may lead
left-right axis is not as relevant in nature. A
to solutions that drastically reduce the
bear is equally dangerous from its left or
work necessary to solve a problem. We can
the right side, but not if it is upside down.
see an example in the development of the
(B) , when observing a scene
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which
containing plants, animals, and man‑made
enables us to amplify small pieces of DNA
objects such as cars or street signs, we can
in a short time. This type of creativity
only tell when left and right have been
might reduce the number of steps or
inverted if we observe those artificial items.
substitute steps that are less likely to fail,
thus increasing productivity.
(A) (B)
① Consequently …… Nonetheless
(A) (B)
② Consequently …… Furthermore
① Additionally …… In contrast
③ Indeed …… In fact
② Briefly …… For example
④ Namely …… Nonetheless
③ Consequently …… In the meantime
⑤ Namely …… In fact
④ Specifically …… On the other hand
⑤ Unfortunately …… In other words

3월 41~42번 다음 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 19)
adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one person to
the next. (A) , if you’re asking someone to work a second weekend in a row, or
each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. (B) ,
perhaps that promotion news will land easier if Vincent is given a few extra vacation days for
the holidays, while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now. Consider each
person’s complex positive and negative personality traits, their life circumstances, and their
mindset in the moment when deciding what to say and how to say it. Personal connection,
compassion, and an individualized management style are key to drawing consistent, rock
star-level work out of everyone.
(A) (B)
① As a result …… Specifically
② As a result …… However
③ For example …… Specifically
④ For example …… Instead
⑤ In fact …… However

고2 3월 Part3 서술형 문제
내신대비 교재
Part III 서술형 문제
3월 18번 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
It was a pleasure meeting you at your gallery last week. I appreciate your effort to select and
exhibit diverse artwork. As I mentioned, I greatly admire Robert D. Parker’s paintings, which
emphasize the beauty of nature. Over the past few days, I have been researching and
(A) (learn) about Robert D. Parker’s online viewing room through your gallery’s website. I’m
especially interested in purchasing the painting that depicts the horizon, (B) (title) Sunrise. I
would like to know (C) [available / for / if / is still / purchase / the piece]. It would be a great
pleasure to (D) h this wonderful piece of art. I look forward to your reply to
this inquiry.
1. 윗글의 (A)와 (B)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면 그대로
쓸 것) 1)
(A) , (B)
2. 윗글의 (D)의 [ ] 안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. (한 단어는 윗글에서
찾아 반드시 변형하여 쓰시오) 2)
3. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 쓰시오. 3)
4. 윗글의 요약을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (단, 필요시
단어를 변형할 것) 4)
After the gallery's diverse artwork and showing his for Robert
D. Parker's paintings, the writer about the price of "Sunrise" to it.

고2 3월 Part3 서술형 문제 내신대비 교재
The more people have to do unwanted things (A) [are / create / chances / more / the / that
/ they] unpleasant environment for themselves and others. If you hate the thing you do but
have to do it nonetheless, you have choice between hating the thing and accepting that it needs
to be done. Either way you will do it. Doing it from place of hatred will develop hatred
towards the self and others around you; doing it from the place of (B) will
create compassion towards the self and (C) (allow) for opportunities to find a more suitable
way of accomplishing the task. If you decide (D) (accept) the fact that your task has to be
done, start from recognising that your situation is a gift from life; this will help you to see it
as a lesson in (B) .
5. 윗글의 (A)의 [ ] 안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. 5)
6. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (B)에 공통으로 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 윗글에서 찾아 반드시 변형하여 쓰시오. 6)
7. 윗글의 (C)와 (D)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
그대로 쓸 것) 7)
(C) , (D)
8. 윗글의 요약을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (단, 반드시
You need to take an attitude toward tasks though you hate to
do them, because doing so leads to and opportunities find ways which are
more suitable for their .

Everyone’s heard the expression don't let the (A) become the enemy of the
good. If you want to get over an obstacle so that your idea can become the solution‑based
policy you’ve long dreamed of, you can’t have an all‑or‑nothing mentality. You have to be
willing to alter your idea and let others influence its outcome. You (B) [a little different / be
/ being / have / okay / the outcome / to / with], even a little less, than you wanted. Say you’re
pushing for a clean water act. Even if what emerges isn’t as well‑funded as you wished, or
doesn’t match how you originally conceived the bill, you’ll have still succeeded in ensuring that
kids in troubled areas (C) (have) access to clean water. That’s what counts, that they will be
safer because of your idea and your effort. Is it perfect? No. Is there more work to be done?
Absolutely. But in almost every case, helping move the needle forward is vastly better than not
(D) (help) at all.
9. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 윗글에서 찾아 쓰시오. 9)
10. 윗글의 (B)의 [ ] 안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. 10)
(C) , (D)
To turn your idea into a policy to a certain problem, you
should be willing to compromise and adapt, because progress is more important than

Brands that fail to grow and develop lose their (A) . Think about the
person you knew who was once on the fast track at your company, who is either no longer
with the firm or, worse yet, (B) (appear) to have hit a plateau in his or her career.
(C) (Assume) he or she did not make an ambitious move, more often than not, this individual
is a victim of having failed to stay relevant and embrace the advances in his or her industry.
Think about the impact personal computing technology had on the first wave of executive
leadership (D) (expose) to the technology. Those who embraced the technology were able to
integrate it into their work styles and excel. Those who were resistant many times found few
opportunities to advance their careers and in many cases (E) (be) ultimately let go through
early retirement for failure to stay relevant and update their skills.
13. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 윗글에서 찾아 반드시 변형하여 쓰시오. 13)
14. 윗글의 (B)~(E)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(B) , (C) , (D) , (E)
Brands that don't continue to develop become , as shown in examples of
those who hit a career plateau or early because of their
to keep up with the advances in their industry.

What consequences of eating too many grapes and other sweet fruit could there possibly be
for our brains? A few large studies have helped to shed some light. In one, higher fruit intake
in older, cognitively healthy adults was linked with less volume in the hippocampus. This
finding was unusual, since people who eat more fruit usually display the benefits associated
with a healthy diet. In this study, however, the researchers isolated various components of the
subjects’ diets and found that fruit didn’t seem to be doing their memory centers any
(A) f s. Another study from the Mayo Clinic saw a similar
(B) i relationship between fruit intake and volume of the cortex, the large
outer layer of the brain. Researchers in the latter study noted that (C) [cause / consume / excessive
/ of / high-sugar fruit / may / problems] metabolically and cognitively as much as processed carbs do.
16. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 쓰시오. 16)
(A) f s, (B) i
17. 윗글의 (C)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오.(단, 필요시 단어를
변형할 것) 17)
Though higher fruit intake is typically with positive health , a few
large studies have shown that excessively high-sugar fruit is i
related to volume in memory and cortex centers, and can lead to metabolic and cognitive
problems.

Winning turns on a self‑conscious (A) that others are (B) .

It’s a lot easier (C) (move) under the radar when no one knows you and no one is paying
attention. You can mess up and be rough and get dirty because no one even knows you’re
there. But as soon as you start to win, and others start to notice, you’re suddenly aware that
you’re being observed. You’re being judged. You worry that others will discover your flaws and
weaknesses, and you start hiding your true personality, so you can be a good role model and
good citizen and a leader that others can respect. There is nothing wrong with that. But if you
do it at the expense of being who you really are, (D) (make) decisions that please others
instead of pleasing yourself, you’re not going to be in that position very long. When you start
apologizing for who you are, you stop growing and you stop winning. Permanently
19. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 윗글에서 찾아 반드시 변형하여 쓰시오. 19)
(A) , (B)
(C) , (D)
Winning makes you self-consciously that others are watching, but if you
hide your true personality for the of others, it will hinder your
and lead you into a(n) vicious cycle.

Human beings like certainty. This liking stems from our ancient ancestors who needed to
survive alongside saber-toothed tigers and poisonous berries. Our brains evolved to help us
attend to threats, keep away from them, and (A) (remain) alive afterward. In fact, we learned
that (B) [about / certain / more / something / the / we / were], the better chance we had of
making the right choice. Is this berry the same shape as last time? The same size? If I know
for certain it is, my brain will direct me (C) (eat) it because I know it’s safe. And if I’m
uncertain, my brain will send out a danger alert to protect me. The dependence on
(D) all those millennia ago ensured our survival to the present day, and the
danger-alert system continues to protect us. This is achieved by our brains labeling new, vague,
or unpredictable everyday events and experiences as (E) . Our brains then
generate sensations, thoughts, and action plans to keep us safe from the uncertain element,
and we live to see another days.
22. 윗글의 (A)와 (C)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(A) , (C)
23. 윗글의 (B)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. 23)
24. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (D)와 (E)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 윗글에서 찾아 쓰시오. (필요시 어형을 변형
할 것) 24)
(D) , (E)
Our ancestors on certainty to their survival, and this
preference for certainty evolved to have the brain system in which we are to
danger by uncertainty.

Robert Blattberg and Steven Hoch noted that, in a changing environment, it is not clear that
consistency is always a virtue and that one of the advantages of human judgment is the ability
to detect change. Thus, in changing environments, it might be advantageous to combine
human judgment and statistical models. Blattberg and Hoch examined this possibility by
having supermarket managers (A) (forecast) demand for certain products and then creating a
composite forecast by averaging these judgments with the forecasts of statistical models based
on past data. The logic was that statistical models assume stable conditions and therefore
cannot (B) [account / demand / events / the effects / for / novel / of / on] such as actions
taken by competitors or the introduction of new products. Humans, however, can incorporate
these novel factors in their judgments. The composite ─ or average of human judgments and
statistical models ─ proved to be more accurate than either the statistical models or the
managers (C) (work) alone.
26. 윗글의 (A)와 (C)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(A) , (C)
According to Blattberg and Hoch, human judgment is useful in change, and
it and statistical models can improve forecasting in
changing environment.

Free play is nature’s means of teaching children that they are not helpless. In play, away
from adults, children really do have (A) c and can practice asserting it. In
free play, children learn to make their own decisions, solve their own problems, create and
follow rules, and get along with others as (B) [as / equals / obedient or rebellious / rather /
subordinates / than]. In active outdoor play, children deliberately dose themselves with
moderate amounts of fear and they thereby learn how to (A) c not only their
bodies, but also their fear. In social play children learn how to negotiate with others, how to
please others, and how to manage and overcome the anger that can arise from conflicts. None
of these lessons can be taught through verbal means; they can be learned only through
experience, which free play provides.
29. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (A)에 공통으로 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 쓰시오. 29)
Through free play, children learn important skills like negotiation and
pleasing others as well as how to control that they have and make
decisions, which cannot be taught but must be .

Many early dot-com investors focused almost entirely on revenue growth instead of net
income. Many early dot-com companies earned most of their revenue from selling advertising
space on their Web sites. (A) [ad space / began / boost / exchanging / reported / some sites / to]
revenue. Company A would put an ad for its Web site on company B’s Web site, and company
B would put an ad for its Web site on company A’s Web site. No (B) ever
changed hands, but each company recorded revenue (for the value of the space that it gave up
on its site) and expense (for the value of its ad that it placed on the other company’s site).
This practice did little to boost (C) and resulted in no additional cash
inflow ― but it did boost reported (D) . This practice was quickly put to an end
because accountants felt that it did not meet the criteria of the (D) recognition
principle.
32. 윗글의 (A)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. (대소문자에 유의
할 것) 32)
33. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (B)~(D)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. 33)
(B) , (C) , (D)
Early dot-com investors focused on revenue rather than net income, and
some dot-com companies even ad space without of cash
inflow just to increase reported revenue, but this practice soon disappeared because of not
the criteria of the revenue recognition principle.

Scholars of myth have long argued that myth (A) (give) structure and meaning to human
life; that meaning is amplified when a myth evolves into a world. A virtual world’s ability to
fulfill needs (B) (grow) in a (C) . Conversely, a virtual world cannot be long
sustained by a mere handful of adherents. Consider the difference between a global sport and
a game I invent with my nine friends and play regularly. My game might be a great game, one
that is completely immersive, one that consumes all of my group’s time and attention. If its
reach is (D) to the ten of us, though, then it’s ultimately just a weird hobby,
and it has (D) social function. For a virtual world (E) (provide) lasting,
wide-ranging value, (F) [a large enough group / be / be / considered / its participants / must
/ a society / to]. When that threshold is reached, psychological value can turn into unlimited
society.
35. 윗글의 (A), (B), (E)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(A) , (B) , (E)
36. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (C)와 (D)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오. (필요시 어형을 변형
할 것) 36)
(C) , (D)
37. 윗글의 (F)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. 37)
According to scholars of myth, which makes human life structured and , the
of the virtual world depends on the number of people who believe in it, and only
a large enough group of people who in the world can it for long.

It seems natural to describe certain environmental conditions as ‘extreme’, ‘harsh’, ‘benign’

or ‘stressful’. It may seem obvious when conditions are ‘extreme’: the midday heat of a desert,
the cold of an Antarctic winter, the salinity of the Great Salt Lake. But this only means that
these conditions are extreme for us, (A) (give) our particular physiological characteristics and
tolerances. To a cactus there is nothing extreme about the desert conditions in which cacti
have evolved; nor (B) (be) the icy lands of Antarctica an extreme environment for penguins. It
is lazy and dangerous for the ecologist (C) (assume) that all other organisms sense the
environment in the way we do. Rather, the ecologist should try to gain a worm’s‑eye or
plant’s-eye view of the environment: (D) [as / it / others / see / see / to / the world]. Emotive
words like harsh and benign, even relativities such as hot and cold, should be used by
ecologists only with care.
39. 윗글의 (A)~(C)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면 그대로
쓸 것) 39)
(A) , (B) , (C)
40. 윗글의 (D)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. 40)
Ecologists should avoid carelessly emotive words for any of
environmental conditions and try to understand the way of other organisms
their environment, because how those organisms see the world is not the same as how we do
so.

Human processes differ from rational processes in their outcome. A process is rational if it
always does the right thing based on the current information, (A) (give) an ideal performance
measure. In short, rational processes go by the book and assume that the book is actually
correct. Human processes involve instinct, intuition, and other variables that don’t necessarily
reflect the book and may not even consider the existing data. As an example, the rational way
to drive a car (B) (be) to always follow the laws. However, traffic isn’t rational; if you follow
the laws precisely, you end up stuck somewhere because other drivers aren’t following the laws
precisely. (C) (be) successful, a self-driving car must therefore (D) [act / humanly / rather /
rationally / than].
42. 윗글의 (A)~(C)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(A) , (B) , (C)
43. 윗글의 (D)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. (대소문자에 유의
할 것) 43)
Human instinct, intuition, and other variables in human processes are not
the perfect of the book which rational processes go by, and because of
this, self-driving cars need to act more like in order to .

Like positive habits, bad habits exist on a continuum of easy-to-change and hard-to-change.
When you get toward the “(A) ” end of the spectrum, note the language you hear
— breaking bad habits and battling addiction. It’s as if an unwanted behavior is a nefarious villain
to be aggressively defeated. But this kind of language (and the approaches it spawns) (B) (frame)
these challenges in a way that isn’t helpful or effective. I specifically hope we will stop (C) (use)
this phrase: “break a habit.” This language misguides people. The word “break” sets the wrong
expectation for how you get rid of a bad habit. This word implies that if you input a lot of force
in one moment, the habit will be gone. However, that rarely works, because you usually cannot get
rid of an unwanted habit by applying force (D) . Instead of “break”,
I suggest a different word and a different analogy. Picture a tangled rope that’s full of knots. That’s
how you should think about unwanted habits like stressing out, too much screen time, and
delaying. You cannot untangle those knots at once. Pulling out the rope will probably make things
worse in the long run. You have to untangle the rope step by step instead. And you don’t focus on
the hardest part first. Why? Because the toughest tangle is deep inside the knot.
45. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (A)와 (D)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 두 번째 단락에서 찾아 쓰시오. (단, (D)는 연속
된 두 단어임) 45)
(A) , (D)
46. 윗글의 (B)와 (C)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(B) , (C)
47. 윗글의 요지를 아래 주어진 단어를 모두 한 번씩 사용하여 영어로 쓰시오. (대소문자에 유의할 것) 47)
[보기] bad / habits / by / eliminate / should / step / step / you / your
The language such as breaking bad habits should not be , because it not only
frames the challenge in an unhelpful and way, but it also misguides people
and sets the wrong expectation for a bad habit.

A common but incorrect assumption is that (A) [and emotion / are / are / both / creatures
/ creatures / of / of / reason / reason / we / we / when]. We cannot get by on reason alone
since any reason always eventually leads to a feeling. Should I get a wholegrain cereal or a
chocolate cereal? I can list all the reasons I want, but the reasons have to be based on
something. For example, if my goal is to eat healthy, I can choose the wholegrain cereal, but
what is my reason for wanting to be healthy? I can list more and more reasons such as
(B) (want) to live longer, spending more quality time with loved ones, etc., but what are the
reasons for those reasons? You should be able to see by now that reasons are ultimately based
on non‑reason such as values, feelings, or emotions. These deep-seated values, feelings, and
emotions we have (C) (be) rarely a result of reasoning, but can certainly be influenced by
reasoning. We have values, feelings, and emotions before we begin to reason and long before
we begin to reason effectively.
49. 윗글의 (A)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. 49)
50. 윗글의 (B)와 (C)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(B) , (C)
Though reasoning and non-reason can each other, non-reason exists long
before our reasoning and forms the of our reasoning.

Electric communication is mainly known in fish. The electric signals are produced in special
electric organs. When the signal is discharged the electric organ will be negatively loaded
(A) (compare) to the head and an electric field is created around the fish. A weak electric
current is created also in ordinary muscle cells when they contract. In the electric organ the
muscle cells are connected in larger chunks, which (B) (make) the total current intensity larger
than in ordinary muscles The fish varies the signals by changing the form of the electric field
or the frequency of discharging. The system is only working over small distances, about one to
two meters. This is an advantage since the species using the signal system often (C) (live) in
large groups with several other species. If many fish send out signals at the same time,
(D) [decreases / interference / of / the risk / the short range].
52. 윗글의 (A)~(C)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오. (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면 그
대로 쓸 것) 52)
(A) , (B) , (C)
53. 윗글의 (D)의 [ ] 안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. 53)
Fish electrically with one another by not only an electric
field around themselves for the signals over small distances but also the
signals through the change of the electric field or the frequency of discharging.

Creativity can have an effect on productivity. Creativity leads some individuals

(A) to recognize problems that others do not see, but which may be very difficult. Charles
Darwin’s approach to the speciation problem is a good example of this; he chose a very difficult
and tangled problem, speciation, (B) which led him into a long period of data collection and
deliberation. This choice of problem did not allow for a quick attack or a simple experiment. In
such cases creativity may actually (C) productivity (as measured by publication
counts) because effort is focused on difficult problems. For others, (D) which creativity is more
focused on methods and technique, creativity may lead to solutions that drastically
(E) the work (F) needed to solve a problem. We can see an example in the
development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which enables us (G) to amplify small
pieces of DNA in a short time. This type of creativity might (H) the number of
steps or substitute steps that are less likely to fail, thus (I) increase productivity.
55. 윗글의 밑줄 친 (A), (B), (D), (F), (G), (I)에서 어법상 틀린 것을 모두 찾아 바르게 고치시오. 55)
56. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (C), (E), (H) 에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 increase 또는 decrease에서 선택하여
쓰시오 56)
(C) , (E) , (H)
Creativity can have both positive and negative effects on productivity in that it can
productivity when people their effort on difficult problems by it,
whereas it can productivity by work necessary or problem solving
when people it on methods and technique.

A young child may be puzzled when (A) (ask) to distinguish between the directions of right
and left. But that same child may (B) [determine / the directions / difficulty / have / in / no]
of up and down or back and front. Scientists propose that this occurs because, although we
experience three dimensions, only two had a strong influence on our evolution: the vertical
dimension as defined by gravity and, in mobile species, the front/back dimension as defined by
the positioning of sensory and feeding mechanisms. These influence our perception of vertical
versus horizontal, far versus close, and the search for dangers from above (such as an eagle) or
below (such as a snake). However, the left-right axis is not as relevant in nature. A bear is
(C) e dangerous from its left or the right side, but not if it is upside down. In
fact, when (D) (observe) a scene containing plants, animals, and man‑made objects such as
cars or street signs, we can only tell when left and right have been inverted if we observe those
artificial items.
58. 윗글의 (A)와 (D)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오 . (단, 바꿀 필요가 없으면
(A) , (D)
59. 윗글의 (B)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. (단, 필요시 단어를
변형할 것) 59)
60. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (C)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 쓰시오. 60)
61. 윗글의 요약을 아래와 같이 쓸 때, 빈칸에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 쓰시오. (단, (1), (2), (4)는 본문에서
찾아 쓰되, 필요시 단어를 변형하고, (3)은 본문에 없는 단어를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 쓸 것) 61)
Our difficulty in (1) between the directions of left and right is closely related
to the (2) of our (3) s perception, because in nature, the
vertical and front/back dimensions were more (4) than the left-right axis.

3월 41~42번 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
Creative people (A) [cloth / all cut / are / from / not]. They have varying levels of maturity and
sensitivity. They have different approaches to work. And they’re each motivated by different things.
Managing people is about being aware of their (B) u personalities. It’s also about
adapting accordingly. Who you are and what you say may not be the same from one person to the
next. For instance, if you’re asking someone (C) (work) a second weekend in a row, or (D) (tell)
(E) i . Vincent will have a very different reaction to the news than Emily, and they
will each be more receptive to the news if it’s bundled with different things. Perhaps that
promotion news will land easier if Vincent (F) (give) a few extra vacation days for the holidays,
while you can promise Emily a bigger promotion a year from now. Consider (G) i
personality traits, circumstances, and mindset in the moment when (H) (decide) what to say and
how to say it. Personal connection, compassion, and an individualized management style are key to
drawing consistent, rock star-level work out of everyone.
62. 윗글의 (A)의 [ ]안에 주어진 단어들을 글의 흐름과 어법에 알맞게 배열하시오. (단, 연속된 두
단어를 본문에서 찾아 추가하여 쓸 것) 62)
63. 글의 흐름상 빈칸 (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어와 (E)와 (G)에 공통으로 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 주어진
철자로 시작하여 쓰시오. 63)
(B) u , (G) i
64. 윗글의 (C),(D),(F),(H)에 주어진 동사를 어법상 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오 . 64)
(C) , (D) , (F) , (H)
The best way to people is to be aware of their unique personalities, to be
empathetic and , to know how they your actions and words,
and to accordingly, which is very necessary to
consistent high-level work from them.

고2 3월 Answers 내신대비 교재
8) that
Answers 9) safer
10) No
3월 18번 11) But
1) appreciate 12) forward
2) admire 13) better
3) which 14) helping
4) have been 3월 22번

5) interested
1) lose
6) is titled (본문 변형)
2) who
7) whether (본문 변형)
3) appears
8) house
4) have hit
3월 20번 5) plateau
1) more 6) Assuming
2) that 7) having failed
3) accepting 8) embrace
4) be done 9) exposed
5) way 10) few
6) hatred 11) were
7) acceptance 12) to stay
8) allow 3월 23번
9) more
1) brains
10) to accept
2) was
11) that
3) less
12) be done
4) unusual
13) gift
5) display
14) acceptance
6) benefits
3월 21번 7) however
1) become 8) that
2) can’t 9) favors
3) alter 10) inverse
4) influence 11) problems
5) being 12) do
6) well-funded 3월 24번
7) how
1) watching

2) easier 8) assume
3) no one 9) cannot
4) But 10) novel
5) aware 11) taken
6) being observed 12) however
7) hiding 13) proved
8) But 14) more
9) making 15) or
10) others
3월 31번
11) yourself
1) helpless
12) long
2) it
13) apologizing
3) equals
3월 29번
4) subordinates
1) certainty 5) dose
2) attend to 6) themselves
3) remain 7) moderate
4) fact 8) thereby
5) were 9) be taught
6) right 10) verbal
7) is 11) which
8) to eat
3월 32번
9) safe
1) revenue growth
10) uncertain
2) net income
11) ensured
3) selling
12) labeling
4) To boost
13) uncertain
5) exchanging
14) safe
6) money
3월 30번 7) revenue
1) clear 8) expense
2) that 9) little
3) is 10) net income
4) However 11) in
5) advantageous 12) meet
6) forecast
3월 33번
7) creating
1) that

2) gives 7) involve
3) amplified 8) is
4) grows 9) However
5) Conversely 10) rational
6) mere handful 11) stuck
7) difference 12) humanly
8) limited to 13) rationally
9) weird
3월 36번
10) limited
14) continuum
11) to provide
15) hard
12) be considered
16) But
13) psychological
17) frames
14) wide-ranging
18) isn’t
3월 34번 19) stop
1) natural 20) misguides
2) to describe 21) wrong
3) obvious 22) However
4) But 23) rarely
5) given
3월 37번
6) nothing
1) reason
7) in which
2) both reason and emotion
8) have
3) alone
9) are
4) but
10) to assume
5) something
11) do
6) For example
12) Rather
7) more and more
13) others
8) but
14) care
9) that
3월 35번 10) are
1) ratonal 11) rarely
2) rational
3월 38번
3) given
1) compared
4) In short
2) which
5) rational
3) makes
6) correct
4) larger

5) small 6) For instance
6) advantage 7) to work
7) using 8) telling
8) live 9) individual
9) decreases 10) different
11) different
3월 39번
12) is given
1) to recognize
13) deciding
2) but
14) Personal
3) is
15) individualized
4) decrease
16) drawing
5) whose
6) reduce
Part II 객관식 문제
7) to amplify
8) reduce 빈칸
9) less 1) ① (house this wonderful piece of art를 변형)
10) increasing 2) ② (accepting that it needs to be done을 변형)
3) ② (alter your idea and let others influence its

3월 40번
outcome을 변형)
1) puzzled 4) ⑤ (fail to grow and develop를 변형)
2) asked 5) ③ (saw a similar inverse relationship을 변형)
3) But 6) ⑤ (hiding your true personality를 변형)
4) two 7) ③ (dependence on certainty를 변형)
5) vertical 8) ② (combine human judgment and statistical

models를 변형)
6) However
9) ③ (have control and can practice asserting it을
7) relevant 변형)
8) equally 10) ③ (boost reported revenue를 변형)
9) not 11) ② (a myth evolves into a world를 변형)
10) fact 12) ④ (for us를 변형)
11) observing 13) ⑤ (act humanly, rather than rationally를 변형)
12) can 14) ① (you usually cannot get rid of an
unwanted habit by applying force one time을
3월 41~42번 변형)
1) varying 15) ③ (eventually leads to a feeling를 변형)
2) different 16) ④ (decreases the risk of interference를 변형)
3) different 17) ④ (Creativity can have an effect on

productivity를 변형)
4) also
18) ② (as relevant in nature를 변형)
5) not

19) ④ (memory range is increased by the ability 7) ② the more certainly → the more certain
to recognize familiar sequences and patterns ⑤ label → labeling
를 변형)
8) ③ who → which,
⑤ destroyed → destroying or that destroyed
(보기 ④ 본문 변형 유의)
핵심파악
9) ② to get → get
1) ⑤ ③ them → themselves
2) ⑤
10) ⑤ they → it
3) ④
(보기 ①, ② 본문 변형 유의)
4) ③
11) ② are grown → grows
5) ① ⑤ to consider → to be considered
6) ③
12) ④ are → do
7) ② (보기 ②, ③, ⑤ 본문변형 유의)
8) ⑤ 13) ③ existed → existing
9) ④ (보기 ④, ⑤ 본문 변형 유의)
10) ① 14) ⑤ doesn’t rarely work→ rarely work

(보기 ①, ④ 본문 변형 유의)
11) ①
15) ① why → that or which,
12) ③ ⑤ to be → are
(보기 ② 본문 변형 유의)
13) ②
16) ③ is only worked → is only working
14) ③
(보기 ④, ⑤ 본문 변형 유의)
15) ①
17) ① what → which
16) ③
18) ③ should occur → occurs
17) ② (보기 ② 본문 변형 유의)
18) ② 19) ① are → is

③ gives → is given
19) ② (보기 ④ 본문 변형 유의)
어법 어휘
1) ③ titled → is titled,
1) ③ (본문의 buying을 selling으로 바꿈)
(본문 변형 / ③ 앞에 which 삽입 / 보기 ①, ④,
⑤ 본문 변형 유의) 2) ④ reject → accept (본문 일부 수정)
2) ① what → that 3) ④ Yes → No (본문 일부 수정)
③ allowing → allow
(보기 ⑤ 본문 변형 유의) 4) ⑤ many → few (본문 일부 수정)
3) ④ which → that 5) ③ favors → harms (본문 일부 수정)

(보기 ①, ③, ⑤ 본문 변형 유의)
6) ③ displaying → hiding
4) ② to hit → to have hit
7) ⑤ safe → unsafe (본문 일부 수정)
③ ultimately let go → were ultimately let go
(보기 ③, ④ 본문 변형 유의) 8) ⑤ less precise → more precise (본문 일부 수
정)
5) ② were linked → was linked
③ displaying → display 9) ③ extreme → moderate (본문 원문 단어로 바
꾸고, 원문 일부 추가. 일부 지문 바꿈)
6) ⑤ make → making
(보기 ①~④ 본문 변형 유의) 10) ⑤ meet → did not meet (본문 일부 변형)

11) ④ unrestricted → restricted 5) ④
12) ③ good → bad (본문 lazy and dangerous를 6) ③

변형)
7) ⑤
13) ④ irrational → rational
8) ⑤
14) ⑤ deeply → rarely (본문 일부 변형)
9) ⑤
15) ③ (본문 something을 a few rational things로
변형) 10) ⑤
16) ④ disadvantage → advantage 11) ④
17) ③ increase → decrease 12) ②
18) ④ unevenly → evenly(or equally) 13) ④
19) ③ the same → different 14) ④
15) ①
순서 16) ④
1) ⑤ 17) ③
2) ② 18) ④
3) ③ 19) ②
4) ⑤
흐름
5) ②
6) ① 1) ③
7) ⑤ 2) ③
8) ③ 3) ② (보기 ⑤: 원래 문장을 일부 변형)
9) ③ 4) ④ (원래 문장을 일부 변형)
10) ② 5) ②
11) ④ 6) ⑤ (원래 문장을 변형)
12) ⑤ 7) ② (원래 문장을 변형)
13) ② 8) ④
14) ② 9) ②
15) ④ 10) ④ (원래 문장을 변형)
16) ③ 11) ④ (원래의 ④, ⑤ 문장을 변형)
17) ⑤ 12) ③ (원래 문장을 변형)
18) ③ 13) ③
19) ② 14) ⑤
15) ① (원래 문장을 변형)

삽입 16) ② (원래 문장을 변형)
1) ③ 17) ④ (원래 문장을 변형)
2) ⑤ 18) ②
3) ⑤ 19) ④
4) ②

연결사 및 함축의미 추론 14) (B) appears, (C) Assuming, (D) exposed,

(E) were
1) ⑤
15) irrelevant, retire, failure
2) ④
16) (A) favor, (B) inverse
3) ①
17) excessive consumption of high-sugar fruit
4) ④
may cause problems
5) ⑤
18) associated, benefits, consuming, inversely
6) ④
19) (A) awareness, (B) noticing (or observing)
7) ①
20) (C) to move, (D) making
8) ⑤
21) aware, pleasure, growth, permanent
9) ⑤
22) (A) remain, (C) to eat
10) ②
23) the more certain we were about something
11) ④
24) (D) certainty, (E) uncertain
12) ④
25) depended, ensure, alerted
13) ③
26) (A) forecast, (C) working
14) ②
27) account for the effects on demand of novel
15) ① events
16) ② 28) detecting, combining, accuracy
17) ④ 29) control
18) ⑤ 30) equals rather than as obedient or rebellious

subordinates
19) ⑤
31) social, assert, verbally, experienced
32) Some sites began exchanging ad space to

Part III 서술형 문제 boost reported
1) (A) learning, (B) titled 33) (B) cash, (C) net income, (D) revenue
2) if the piece is still available for purchase 34) boosting, exchanged, addition, meeting
3) house 35) (A) gives, (B) grows, (E) to provide
4) appreciating, admiration, inquires, purchase 36) (C) society, (D) limited
5) the more chances are that they create 37) its participants must be a large enough
group to be considered a society
6) acceptance
38) meaningful, growth, participate, sustain
7) (C) allow, (D) to accept
39) (A) given, (B) are, (C) to assume
8) acceptive, unwanted, self-compassion, accomplishments
40) to see the world as others see it
9) perfect
41) using, description, sensing
10) have to be okay with the outcome being a
little different 42) (A) given, (B) is, (C) To be
11) (C) have, (D) helping 43) act humanly rather than rationally
12) successful, solve, perfection 44) included, reflection, humans, succeed
13) relevance 45) (A) hardest, (D) at once
46) (B) frames, (C) using

47) You should eliminate your bad habits step

by step
48) used, ineffective, getting, rid, of
49) we are creatures of reason when we are

creatures of both reason and emotion
50) (B) wanting, (C) are
51) influence, effective, basis
52) (A) compared, (B) makes, (C) live
53) the short range decreases the risk of

interference
54) communicate, producing, varying
55) (D) which → whose, (I) increase → increasing
56) (C) increase, (E) decrease, (H) decrease
57) decrease, focus, recognized, increase,

reducing, focus
58) (A) asked, (D) observing
59) have no difficulty in determining the

directions
60) equally(or evenly)
61) distinguishing, evolution, spatial, relevant
62) are not all cut from the same cloth
63) (B) unique, (G) individual
64) (C) to work, (D) telling, (F) is given,

(H) deciding
65) manage, adaptable, interpret, adapt, draw, out

[HighEnd]_2023년_3월_고2_(최종발송본)

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

[HighEnd]_2023년_3월_고2_(최종발송본)

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

고2

2 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 3

4 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 5

6 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

It seems [natural / unnatural]1) [describing / to describe]2) certain environmental conditions

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 7

Human processes differ from [rational / irrational]1) processes in their outcome. A

8 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 9

Creativity can have an effect on productivity. Creativity leads some individuals

10 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 11

3월 18번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 20번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

12 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

3월 21번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 22번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

① almost always alter your idea ① challenge the reality

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 13

3월 23번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 24번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

What consequences of eating too many Winning turns on a self‑conscious

① correcting your weaknesses

② negative ③ focusing on your true personality

④ similar ⑤ wearing a mask

14 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

3월 29번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 30번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

① curiosity on uncertainty ① combine judgments from a lot of people

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 15

3월 31번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 32번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

16 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

3월 33번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 34번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

① a myth is limited to the inner circle ① during the set period

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 17

3월 35번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 36번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

18 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

3월 37번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 38번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

A common but incorrect assumption is Electric communication is mainly known

① dominates feelings or emotions

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 19

3월 39번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 3월 40번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장

① any exception of sensory mechanisms

② Creativity can be isolated from productivity ③ irrelevant in nature

④ Productivity can be the result of creativity ⑤ regarded as confusing

⑤ Productivity can have an effect on creativity

20 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

3월 41~42번 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? 19)

① bear any individual complaints

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 21

Part II 객관식 문제 - 핵심파악

3월 18번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 3월 20번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한

of the gallery accept unwanted tasks

22 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

3월 21번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 3월 22번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한

① Failure to Grow in Your Career

2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재 23

3월 23번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 3월 24번 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한

What consequences of eating too many Winning turns on a self‑conscious

① the importance of revealing your true self

to Brain Health? ② the pressure of being observed by the public

24 2023년 3월 고2 모의고사 내신대비 교재

3월 29번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 3월 30번 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한

① Brain Functions And Decision-Making in

② Evolutionary Explanations Behind Why We Judgment

Crave Certainty ② Forecast Demand for Supermarket Products