Head Loss and Darcy Weisbach Equation Problems

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10–2. Gasoline at T = 68°F flows through an 8-in.-diameter

smooth pipe at the rate of 4.15 ft3 >s. Determine the head
loss in a 50-ft-long segment of the pipe.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and gasoline is incompressible. The
average velocity of the flow is
Q 4.15 ft3 >s

V = = 2
= 11.89 ft>s
A 4
pa ft b
12
From the table in Appendix A, vg = 4.70110-6 2 ft2 >s. Thus, the Reynolds number is
8
111.89 ft>s2 a ft b
VD 12
Re = = = 1.69 1106 2
vg 4.70 110-6 2 ft2 >s
For smooth pipe, the Moody diagram gives
f = 0.0107
Applying the Darcy–Weisbach equation,
L V2
hL = f a ba b
D 2g
50 ft 111.89 ft>s2 2
= 0.0107 c d
£ 8 § 2132.2 ft>s2 2
a ft b
12
= 1.76 ft Ans.
Ans:
hL = 1.76 ft
843
M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 843 10/03/17 2:36 PM

© 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., 330 Hudson Street, NY, NY 10013. All rights reserved. This material is protected under all copyright laws as they
10–3. Glycerin flows through a 6-in.-diameter, horizontal

smooth pipe with an average velocity of 9 ft>s. Determine
the pressure drop in a 12-ft-long segment of the pipe.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and Glycerin is incompressible. Writing
the energy between two points 1, and 2, gives
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + hpump = + + z2 + hturb + hL
g 2g g 2g
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + 0 = + + z2 + 0 + hL
g 2g g 2g
p1 - p2 V 22 - V 12
= + z2 - z1 + hL
g 2g
Since the pipe is horizontal, z1 = z2 = z. Also, the average velocity of the flow is
constant, V1 = V2 = V due to the constant pipe’s diameter. Then the above equation
becomes
p1 - p2
= hL
g
L V2
The Darcy–Weisbach equation gives hL = f . Then
D 2g
p1 - p2 L V2
= f
g D 2g
gV 2L
p1 - p2 = f (1)
2gD
From the table in Appendix A, rGy = 2.44 slug>ft3 and mGy = 31.3110-3 2 lb s>ft.
The Reynolds number is
6
rGyVD 12.44 slug>ft3 219 ft/s2 a ft b
12
Re = =
mGy 31.3110-3 2 lb # s>ft2
= 350.80 6 2300 (Laminar flow)
Thus,
64 64
f = = = 0.1824
Re 350.80
Then Eq. (1) gives
12.44 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(9 ft>s)2(12 ft2

p1 - p2 = (0.1824)
£ 6 §
2(32.2 ft>s2) a ft b
12
lb 1 ft 2
= a432.69 2
ba b = 3.00 psi Ans. Ans:
ft 12 in
p1 - p2 = 3.00 psi
844

*10–4. If air at a temperature of 100°F flows through the

smooth circular duct at 10.5 ft3 >s, determine the pressure 15 ft
drop that occurs over a 15-ft length of the duct.
SOLUTION 8 in.
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and assume air is incompressible.
Writing the energy between points 1 and 2, gives
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + hpump = + + z2 + hturb + hL
g 2g g 2g
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + 0 = + + z2 + 0 + hL
g 2g g 2g
p1 - p2 V 22 - V 12
= + z2 - z1 + hL
g 2g
Since the density of air is small, the elevation term can be neglected. Also, the
average velocity of the flow is constant, V1 = V2 = V due to the constant duct
diameter. Then the above equation becomes
p1 - p2
= hL
g
L V2
The Darcy–Weisbach equation gives hL = f . Then
D 2g
p1 - p2 L V2
= f
g D 2g
gV 2L
p1 - p2 = f (1)
2gD
From the discharge, the average velocity is
Q 10.5 ft3 >s

V == 2
= 30.08 ft>s
A 4
pa in.b
12
From the table in Appendix A, ra= 0.00220 slug>ft3 and mG = 0.396110-6 2 lb # s>ft2.
The Reynolds number is
8
10.00220 slug>ft3)(30.08 ft>s2 a ft b
raVD 12
Re = =
ma 0.396 110-6 2 lb # s>ft2
= 1.11 1105 2 7 2300 turbulent

For the smooth duct, the Moody diagram gives
f = 0.0177
Then Eq. (1) gives

10.00220 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(30.08 ft>s2 2 115 ft2
p1 - p2 = 10.01772
£ 8 §
2(32.2 ft>s2) a ft b
12
lb 1 ft 2
= a0.3964 b a b
ft2 12 in.
Ans:
= 2.75110-3 2 psi Ans. p1 - p2 = 2.75110-3 2 psi
845

10–5. Determine the flow of methane at T = 68°F in ft3 >h 1 in.

through a 1000-ft-long horizontal 1-in.-diameter commercial
steel pipe if the pressure drop is 5110-3 2 psi.
1,000 ft
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and treat methane as
incompressible. From the table in Appendix A, rme = 1.29(10-3) slug>ft3 and
vm = 0.181 (10-3) ft2 >s for methane at T = 68°F. The Reynolds number of the
flow is
1
Va ft b
VD 12
Re = = = 460.41 V (1)
vw 0.18110-3 2 ft2 >s
Take the methane in the 1000-ft-long pipe as the control volume. Since the pipe has a
constant cross section, V1 = V2 = V. Also, z1 = z2 = zsince the pipe is horizontal.
lb 12 in. 2 lb
Here the pressure drop is p1 - p2 = c 5110-3 2 2 d a b = 0.720 2 per
in 1 ft ft
1000 ft of pipe.
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + hpump = + + z2 + hturb + hL
gme 2g gme 2g
p1 V2 p2 V2
+ + z+ 0 = + + z + 0 + hL
gme 2g gme 2g
p1 - p2 0.720 lb>ft2
hL = = = 17.33 ft
gme 3 1.29110 -3
2 slug>ft3 4 132.2 ft>s2 2
Using the Darcy–Weisbach equation,
L V2 1000 ft V2
hL = f ; 17.33 ft = f c d
D 2g ° 1 ¢ 2132.2 ft>s2 2
ft
12
0.09302
V2 = (2)
f
Assuming the flow is laminar, then
64 64 0.1390
f = = =
Re 460.41 V V
Substitute this result into Eq. (2),
0.09302
V2 = V = 0.6692 ft>s
0.1390
V
Then Eq. (1) gives
Re = 460.4110.66922 = 308.10 6 2300 (laminar flow), ok.
The flow rate is

2
0.5 3600 s
Q = VA = 10.6692 ft>s2 c pa ft b d = 3 3.6499110-3 2 ft3 >s 4 a b
12 1h
= 13.14 ft3 >h = 13.1 ft3 >h Ans. Ans:

Q = 13.1 ft3 >h
846

10–6. Water in the old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain pipe 12 ft

runs full with a flow of 15 ft3 >s. Determine the pressure
drop from point A to point B. The pipe is horizontal. Take
f = 0.07. A B
15 in.
SOLUTION
Water is considered to be incompressible.
The mean velocity of the water flow is
2
7.5
Q = VA; 15 ft3 >s = V(p) a ft b
12
V = 12.22 ft>s
Since,
∆p L V2
= f
g D 2g
Since g = rg, then
L rV 2
∆p = f a ba b
D 2
62.4
a slug>ft3 b ( 12.22 ft>s ) 2
12 ft 32.2
∆p = (0.07) ≥ ¥≥ ¥
15 2
ft
12
1 ft 2
∆p = ( 97.28 lb>ft2 ) a b = 0.676 psi Ans.
12 in.
Ans:
pA - pB = 0.676 psi
847

10–7. Water at 20°C flows upwards through the

50-mm-diameter cast iron pipe at 5.88 kg>s. Determine the
major head loss that occurs over the 8-m-long vertical B
segment. Also, what is the pressure at A? The water is
discharged into the atmosphere at B.
8m
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and water is incompressible. From
the table in Appendix A, rw = 998.3 kg>m3 and vw = 1.00110-6 2 m2 >s for water at
T = 20°C. For the mass flow rate, the average velocity is A
#
m = rQ; 5.88 kg>s = 1998.3 kg>m3 2 5 V 3 p10.025 m2 2 4 6 50 mm
V = 2.9998 m>s
Then, the Reynolds number is

VD 12.9998 m>s210.05 m2
Re = = = 1.501105 2
vw 1.00110-6 2 m2 >s
e 0.26 mm
For cast iron, = = 0.0052. From the Moody diagram, f = 0.031. Thus,
D 50 mm
the major head loss can be determined using the Darcy–Weisbach equation.
2
L V2 8m 12.9998 m>s2
hL = f = 0.031a bc d = 2.2749 m = 2.27 m Ans.
D 2g 0.05 m 219.81 m>s2 2
Take the water in the pipe as the control volume. Here, pB = patm = 0 since the
water is discharged into atmosphere at B. Also, VA = VB = V since the pipe
diameter is constant. Applying the energy equation from A to B, with datum set
through A, zA = 0 and zB = 8 m,
pA VA2 pB VB 2
+ + zA + hpump = + + zB + hturb + hL
gw 2g gw 2g
pA V2 V2
3 2
+ + 0 + 0 = 0 + + 8 m + 0 + 2.2749 m
1998.3 kg>m 219.81 m>s 2 2g 2g
pA = 100.621103 2 Pa = 101 kPa Ans.
Ans:
hL = 2.27 m
pA = 101 kPa
848

10–10. Air at 80°F flows through the commercial steel

duct at 300 ft3 >min. Determine the pressure drop along a
10-ft length of the duct.
8 in.
10 ft
6 in.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and treat the air as incompressible.
The hydraulic diameter of the rectangular duct is
4A 4318 in.216 in.24 1 ft

Dn = = = 16.8571 in.2 a b = 0.5714 ft
P 216 in. + 8 in.2 12 in.
From the table in Appendix A, ra = 0.00228 slug>ft3 and va = 0.169110-3 2 ft2 >s
1 min
for air at T = 80°F. Here Q = 1300 ft3 >min2 a b = 5 ft3 >s. Thus the average
60 s
velocity of the air is
Q 5 ft3 >s
V = = = 15 ft>s
A 6 8
a ft b a ft b
12 12
Thus, the Reynolds numbers is
VDh 115 ft>s210.5714 ft2

Re = = = 5.071104 2
v 0.169110-3 2 ft2 >s
and the relative roughness of the commercial steel duct is
e 0.00015 ft
= = 0.0002625
Dh 0.5714 ft
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.022. Thus, the major head loss can be determined
using the Darcy–Weisbach equation.
L V2 10 ft 115 ft>s2 2
hL = f = 0.022a bc d = 1.345 ft
Dh 2g 0.5714 ft 2132.2 ft>s2 2
Take air in the 10-ft-long duct as the control volume. Since the duct has a constant
cross section, V1 = V2 = V. Also, since the density of air is small, the elevation
terms can be neglected. Applying the energy equation,
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + hpump = + + z2 + hturb + hL
ga 2g ga 2g
p1 V2 p2 V2
+ + 0 + 0 = + + 0 + 0 + 1.345 ft
ga 2g ga 2g
p1 - p2 = (0.00228 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(1.345 ft)
1 ft 2
= (0.09875 lb>ft2) a b
12 in.
= 0.686(10-3) psi Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 0.686(10-3) psi
851

*10–12. A horizontal 75-mm-diameter galvanized iron

pipe, having a roughness of e = 0.2 mm, is used to transport
water at a temperature of 60°C and with a velocity of 3 m>s.
Determine the pressure drop over its 12-m length.
SOLUTION
From Appendix A, n = 0.478 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s and r = 983.2 kg>m3 for water at
T = 60° C. Thus, the Reynolds number is
VD ( 3 m>s ) (0.075 m)
Re = = = 4.71 ( 105 )
n 0.478 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s
The relative roughness is
e 0.2 ( 10-3 ) m
= = 0.002667
D 0.075 m
From the Moody diagram,
f = 0.025
Thus,
∆p L V2
= f
g D 2g
Since g = rg, then
L rV 2
∆p = f a ba b
D 2
12 m ( 983.2 kg>m3
)( 3 m>s ) 2
= 0.025 a b£ §
0.075 m 2
= 17.70 ( 103 ) Pa = 17.7 kPa Ans.
Ans:
∆p = 17.7 kPa
853

10–13. Air flows through the galvanized steel duct,

with a velocity of 4 m>s. Determine the pressure drop
along a 2-m length of the duct. Take ra = 1.202 kg>m3 ,
na = 15.1110-6 2 m2 >s.
200 mm
2m
150 mm
SOLUTION
Assume the air is incompressible. The hydraulic diameter of the rectangular duct is
4A 4(0.15 m)(0.2 m)
Dh = = = 0.1714 m
P 2(0.15 m + 0.2 m)
VDh ( 4 m>s ) (0.1714 m)

Re = = = 4.54 ( 104 )
n 15.1 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s
and the relative roughness of the galvanized duct, is
e 0.15 ( 10-3 ) m
= = 0.000875
Dh 0.1714 m
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.0242. Thus the major head loss can be determined
using
L V2 2m ( 4 m>s ) 2
hL = f = (0.0242) a b£ § = 0.2302 m
Dh 2g 0.1714 m 2 ( 9.81 m>s2 )
Take the air in the 2-m-long duct as the control volume. Since the duct has a
constant cross section, VA = VB = V. Also, it is horizontal, zA = zB = z. Applying
the energy equation,
pA VA2 pB VB2
g 2g g 2g
pA V2 pB V2
+ + z+ 0 = + + z + 0 + 0.2302 m
g 2g g 2g
∆p = pA - pB = ( 1.202 kg> m3 )( 9.81 m>s2 ) (0.2302 m) = 2.71 Pa Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 2.71 Pa
854

10–14. Determine the greatest air flow Q through the

galvanized steel duct so that the flow remains laminar. What
is the pressure drop along a 200-m-long section of the duct
for this case? Take ra = 1.202 kg>m3, na = 15.1110-6 2 m2 >s.
200 mm
2m
150 mm
SOLUTION
Assume the air is incompressible. The hydraulic diameter of the rectangular duct is
4A 4(0.15 m)(0.2 m)
Dh = = = 0.1714 m
P 2(0.15 m) + (0.2 m)
VDh V(0.1714 m)
Re = = = 1.1353 ( 104 ) V
n 15.1 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s
Since the flow is required to be laminar,
Re = 2300
1.1353 ( 104 ) V = 2300

V = 0.2026 m>s
Thus, Q = VA = ( 0.2026 m>s ) (0.15 m) ( 0.2 m ) = 0.006078 m3 >s = 0.00608 m3 >s Ans.
64
Also, for laminar flow, the friction factor can be determined using f = =
Re
64
= 0.0278. Thus, the major head loss can be determined using
2300
L V2 200 m ( 0.2026 m>s ) 2

hL = f = 0.0278 a b£ § = 0.06791 m
Dh 2g 0.1714 m 2 ( 9.81 m>s ) 2
Take the air in the duct as the control volume. Since the duct has a constant cross
section, VA = VB = V. Also, it is horizontal, zA = zB = z. Applying the energy
equation,
pA VA2 pB VB2
+ + zA + hhump = + + zB + hturb + hL
g 2g g 2g
pA V2 pB V2
+ + z+ 0 = + + z + 0 + 0.06791 m
g 2g g 2g
∆p = ( 1.202kg> m3 )( 9.81 m>s2 ) (0.06791 m) = 0.801 Pa Ans.
Ans:
Q = 0.00608 m3 >s, p1 - p2 = 0.801 Pa
855

10–17. The old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain pipe runs 12 ft

full of water with a flow of 15 ft3 >s. Determine the pressure
drop from A to B. The pipe is sloping downward at
4 ft>100 ft. Take f = 0.07.
A B
15 in.
SOLUTION
Since the concrete pipe has a constant diameter.
Q 15 ft3 >s
VA = VB = V = = 2
= 12.22 ft>s
A 7.5
pa ft b
12
The major head loss from A to B can be determined using
L V2 12 ft ( 12.22 ft>s ) 2
hL = f = 0.07≥ ¥£ § = 1.559 ft
D 2g 15 2 ( 32.2 ft>s2 )
a ft b
12
Take the water from A to B as the control volume. Applying the energy equation
from with the datum set at B,
pA VA2 pB VB2
g 2g g 2g
pA V2 4 pB V2
+ + 12 ft a b + 0 = + + 0 + 0 + 1.559 ft
g 2g 100 g 2g
lb
pA - pB = ( 62.4 lb>ft2 ) (1.079 ft) = 67.3 Ans.
ft2
Ans:
pA - pB = 67.3 lb>ft2
858

10–18. Determine the friction factor of a 2-in.-diameter

horizontal tube if natural gas is to flow through it at 20 ft3 >h.
The specific weight of the natural gas is gg = 0.051 lb>ft3
and the pressure drop is 0.6110-3 2 psi per 1000 ft.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow and treat natural gas as incompressible.
Take the natural gas in the 1000-ft-long tube as the control volume. Since the tube has
a constant cross section, V1 = V2 = V. Also, since the tube is horizontal, z1 = z2 = z.
lb 12 in. 2
Here, the pressure drop is p1 - p2 = c 0.6110-3 2 2 d a b = 0.0864 lb>ft per
in 1 ft
1000 ft of tube. Applying the energy equation,
p1 V 12 p2 V 22
+ + z1 + hpump = + + z2 + hturb + hL
gg 2g gg 2g
p1 V2 p2 V2
+ + z+ 0 = + + z + 0 + hL
gg 2g gg 2g
p1 - p2 0.0864 lb>ft2
hL = = = 1.6941 ft
g 0.051 lb>ft3
Here, the flow rate is
ft3 1h
Q = a20 ba b = 0.005556 ft3 >s
h 3600 s
Thus, velocity of the flow is
Q 0.005556 ft3 >s
V =
= 2
= 0.2546 ft>s
A 1
pa ft b
12
Using the Darcy–Weisbach equation,
2
L V2 1000 ft 10.2546 ft>s2
hL = f ; 1.6941 ft = f c d
D 2g 2 2132.2 ft>s2 2
a ft b
12
f = 0.2804 = 0.280 Ans.
Ans:
f = 0.280
859

10–22. A 450-ft-long horizontal commercial steel pipe

having a diameter of 6 in. is used to transport water
at T = 70°F. Determine the power output of a pump if
the discharge through the pipe is to be 120 ft3 >min and the
pressure at the pump inlet is 5 psi. The pipe is open to the
atmosphere at its outlet.
SOLUTION
We will consider the fully developed steady flow, and water is incompressible. Here,
the discharge is
ft3 1 min
Q = a120 ba b = 2 ft3 >s
min 60 s
Thus, the average velocity is
Q 2 ft3 >s
V = = 2
= 10.19 ft>s
A 3
pa ft b
12
From the table in Appendix A, rw = 1.937 slug>ft3 and vw = 10.4110-6 2 ft2 >s for
water at T = 70°F. Thus, the Reynolds number is
6
110.19 ft>s2 a ft b
VD 12
Re = = = 4.90 1105 2
vw 10.4 110-6 2 ft2 >s
e 0.00015 ft
For commercial steel pipe, = = 0.0003. Entering these two values
D 6
ft
12
into the Moody diagram, we obtain f = 0.0165. Then, the major head loss can be
determined using the Darcy–Weisbach equation.
2
L V2 450 ft 110.19 ft>s2
hL = f = 0.0165 c d = 23.92 ft
D 2g ° 6 ¢ 2132.2 ft>s2 2
ft
12
Applying the energy equation between inlet and outlet realizing that Vin = Vout
(the pipe has constant diameter), pout = patm = 0. (The outlet is open to the
atmosphere), and zin = zout = z (the pipe is horizontal).
pin V in2 pout V out2
+ + zin + hpump = + + zout + hturb + hL
gw 2g gw 2g
lb 12 in. 2
a5 ba b
in 2 1 ft V2 V2
3 2
+ + z + hpump = 0 + + z + 0 + 23.92 ft
11.937 slug>ft 2132.2 ft>s 2 2g 2g
hpump = 12.38 ft
Thus, the power output of the pump is
#
Wout = gwQhpump = (1.937 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(2 ft3 >s)(12.38 ft)
1 hp
= (1544.39 ft # lb>s) a
550 ft # lb>s
b
= 2.81 hp Ans.
Ans:
#
Wout = 2.81 hp
863

10–23. Air at 60°F is transported by the fan at the rate of A B

2 ft3 >s through the 12-in.-diameter galvanized iron duct.
Determine the head loss over a 40-ft length.
12 in.
40 ft
SOLUTION
Air is considered to be incompressible.
The mean velocity of the air in the duct is
Q 2 ft3 >s
V = = 2
= 2.546 ft>s
A 6
p a ft b
12
From Appendix A, r = 0.00237 slug>ft3 and n = 0.158 ( 10-3 ) ft2 >s for air at
T = 60° F. Thus, the Reynolds number is
VD ( 2.546 ft>s ) (1 ft)

Re = = = 1.61 ( 104 )
n 0.158 ( 10-3 ) ft2 >s
For the galvanized iron duct, the relative roughness is
e 0.0005 ft
= = 0.0005
D 1 ft
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.028. Thus, the head loss along the duct can be
determined using
40 ft ( 2.546 ft>s )
2
L V2
hL = f = 0.028 a bc d
D 2g 1 ft 2 ( 32.2 ft>s2 )
= 0.1128 ft = 0.113 ft Ans.
Ans:
hL = 0.113 ft
864

10–33. A 75-mm-diameter galvanized iron pipe, having a

roughness of e = 0.2 mm, is to be used to carry water at a
temperature of 60°C and with a velocity of 3 m>s. Determine
the pressure drop over its 12-m length if the pipe is vertical
and the flow is upward.
SOLUTION
From Appendix A, n = 0.478 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s and r = 983.2 kg>m3 for water at
T = 60° C. Thus, the Reynolds number is
VD ( 3 m>s ) (0.075 m)
Re = = = 4.71 ( 105 )
n 0.478 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s
e 0.2 ( 10-3 ) m
= = 0.002667
D 0.075 m
f = 0.025
Thus, the head loss can be determined using
L V2 12 m ( 3 m>s ) 2
hL = f = 0.025 a b£ §
D 2g 0.075 m 2 ( 9.81 m>s2 )
= 1.835 m
Applying the energy equation,
p1 V12 p2 V22
+ + z1 = + + z2 + hL
g 2g g 2g
p1 V2 p2 V2
+ + 0 = + + 12 m + 1.835 m
g 2g g 2g
p1 - p2
= 13.835 m
g
p1 - p2 = (13.835 m) 3 ( 983.2 kg>m3 )( 9.81 m>s2 ) 4
∆p = 133.44 ( 103 ) Pa = 133 kPa Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 133 kPa
875

10–35. The galvanized iron pipe is used to carry water at 75 mm

20°C with a velocity of 3 m>s. Determine the pressure drop
that occurs over a 4-m length of the pipe.
4m
SOLUTION
From the table, e = 0.15 ( 10-3 ) m. Thus, the relative roughness is
e 0.15 ( 10-3 ) m
= = 0.002
D 0.075 m
From Appendix A, n = 1.00 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s and r = 998.3 kg>m3 for water at T = 20° C.
VD ( 3 m>s ) (0.075 m)
Re = = = 2.25 ( 105 ) 7 2300 (turbulent flow)
n 1.00 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s
f = 0.0245
∆p L V2
= f
g D 2g
Since g = rg, then
L rV 2
∆p = f a ba b
D 2
4m ( 998.3 kg>m 3
)( 3 m>s ) 2
= 0.0245 a bJ R
0.075 m 2
∆p = 5870 Pa = 5.87 kPa Ans.
Ans:
p1 - p2 = 5.87 kPa
877

*10–40. The 50-mm-diameter pipe has a roughness of

e = 0.01 mm. If the discharge of 20°C water is 0.006 m3 >s,
determine the pressure at A.
50 mm
B
2m
SOLUTION
Water is considered to be incompressible. A
The velocity of the flow is
Q 0.006 m3 >s
VA = VB = V = = = 3.056 m>s
A p(0.025 m)2
From Appendix A, r = 998.3 kg>m3 and n = 1.00 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s for water at T = 20°C.
VD ( 3.056 m>s ) (0.05 m)

Re = = = 1.53 ( 105 )
n 1.00 ( 10-6 ) m2 >s
e 0.01 mm
= = 0.0002
D 50 mm
From the Moody diagram, f = 0.018. Then, the head loss can be determined using
L V2 2m ( 3.056 m>s ) 2
hL = f = 0.018a bJ R = 0.3427 m
D 2g 0.05 m 2 ( 9.81 m>s2 )
Take the control volume as the water in the pipe.

Applying the energy equation from A to B with the datum set at A,
pA VA2 pB VB2
g 2g g 2g
pA V2 V2
+ + 0 + 0 = 0 + + 2 m + 0 + 0.3427 m
g 2g 2g
pA = ( 998.3 kg>m3 )( 9.81 m>s2 ) (2 m + 0.3427 m)
= 22.94 ( 103 ) Pa = 22.9 kPa Ans.
Ans:
pA = 22.9 kPa
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10–2. Gasoline at T = 68°F flows through an 8-in.-diameter

Q 4.15 ft3 >s

For smooth pipe, the Moody diagram gives

Applying the Darcy–Weisbach equation,

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 843 10/03/17 2:36 PM

10–3. Glycerin flows through a 6-in.-diameter, horizontal

= 350.80 6 2300 (Laminar flow)

12.44 slug>ft3)(32.2 ft>s2)(9 ft>s)2(12 ft2

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 844 10/03/17 2:36 PM

*10–4. If air at a temperature of 100°F flows through the

Q 10.5 ft3 >s

= 1.11 1105 2 7 2300 turbulent

Then Eq. (1) gives

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 845 10/03/17 2:36 PM

10–5. Determine the flow of methane at T = 68°F in ft3 >h 1 in.

Re = 460.4110.66922 = 308.10 6 2300 (laminar flow), ok.

The flow rate is

= 13.14 ft3 >h = 13.1 ft3 >h Ans. Ans:

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 846 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–6. Water in the old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain pipe 12 ft

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 847 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–7. Water at 20°C flows upwards through the

Then, the Reynolds number is

pA = 100.621103 2 Pa = 101 kPa Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 848 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–10. Air at 80°F flows through the commercial steel

4A 4318 in.216 in.24 1 ft

Thus, the Reynolds numbers is

VDh 115 ft>s210.5714 ft2

and the relative roughness of the commercial steel duct is

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 851 10/03/17 2:37 PM

*10–12. A horizontal 75-mm-diameter galvanized iron

The relative roughness is

From the Moody diagram,

Since g = rg, then

= 17.70 ( 103 ) Pa = 17.7 kPa Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 853 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–13. Air flows through the galvanized steel duct,

Then, the Reynolds number is

VDh ( 4 m>s ) (0.1714 m)

and the relative roughness of the galvanized duct, is

∆p = pA - pB = ( 1.202 kg> m3 )( 9.81 m>s2 ) (0.2302 m) = 2.71 Pa Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 854 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–14. Determine the greatest air flow Q through the

1.1353 ( 104 ) V = 2300

L V2 200 m ( 0.2026 m>s ) 2

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 855 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–17. The old 15-in.-diameter concrete drain pipe runs 12 ft

The major head loss from A to B can be determined using

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 858 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–18. Determine the friction factor of a 2-in.-diameter

f = 0.2804 = 0.280 Ans.

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 859 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–22. A 450-ft-long horizontal commercial steel pipe

M10_HIBB9290_01_SE_C10_ANS.indd 863 10/03/17 2:37 PM

10–23. Air at 60°F is transported by the fan at the rate of A B

VD ( 2.546 ft>s ) (1 ft)