Kfejrfs kïio`js.

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 Kfejrfs kïio`js.

RONNLKFKJ ‐ WFPOIFAYLIJ KÏIO@J 7377

FSOIFKOJNJHËL
FPYLIËPYO@L IF WFAYLGONOILI FSOIFKOJNJHËL

@JAYFAOIJ
O. HFAF
HFAFWLN
WLNOILI
OILIFP
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OO. @LVP
@LVPLNOI
LNOILI
LI ................
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OOO. BJWKLP GÌPO@LP IF KFIOIL FA FSOIFKOJNJHËL .................................................................................................................................... 9
OR. KFIOILP
KFIOILP IF KJWYLNO
KJWYLNOILI
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R. KFIOI
KFIOILP
LP IF KJW
KJWGONOI
GONOILI
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RO. FPYVIOJP FSOIFKOJNÐHO@JP
FSOIFKOJNÐHO@JP ....................................................................................................................................................................... 8
ROO. SWV
SWVFGLP
FGLP IOLHAJP
IOLHAJPYO@L
YO@LP
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... <3
ROOO. FABF
FABFWKF
WKFILI
ILIFP
FP YWLA
YWLAPKOP
PKOPOGNFP
OGNFP ....................
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O]. SWFPFAYL@OÐA IF FABFWKFILIFP _ ROHONLA@OL FSOIFKOJNÐH
FSOIFKOJNÐHO@L
O@L ................................................................................................. <0
]. MOPYJWOL ALYVWLN IF NL FABFWKFILI _ AORFNFP IF SWFRFA@OÐA ...................................................................................................... <=

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | 7
 Kfejrfs kïio`js.

O. HFAFWLNOILIFP ✐ Fs nl glsf if tjils nls oavfstohl`ojafs buturls, yl quf fs

<. IFBOAO@OÐA suklkfatf iobë`on quf ua trlglej if oavfstohl`oða `jkj ua

faslyj j fxpfrokfatj aj sf sustfatf fa ual oavfstohl`oða
ifs`roptovl prfvol.
Pfhõa nl JKP nl fpoifkojnjhël fs fn fstuioj if nl iostrogu`oða y njs
7.7 FSOIFKOJNJHË
SOIFKOJNJHËL
L LALNËYO@L
iftfrkoalatfs if fstlijs j fvfatjs (fa plrto`unlr if
✐ Gus`l fn pjr quï j nls `lusls quf prjvj`lrja nl fabfrkfili
fabfrkfilifs) rfnl`ojalijs `ja nl slnui y nl lpno`l`oða if fsjs
✐ Yrltl if gus`lr lsj`ol`ojafs fstliësto`ls j `luslnfs y fn
fstuiojs ln `jatrjn if fabfrkfilifs y jtrjs prjgnfkls if slnui.
pfsj if nls koskls, y prftfaif quf sus rfsuntlijs sfla
utonozlijs plrl ioskoauor nl kjrgonoili if `ulnquofr
✐ Nl plnlgrl fpoifkojnjhël, quf prjvofaf if njs tïrkoajs hrofhjs fabfrkfili.
"fpo" (fa`okl), "ifkjs" (pufgnj) y "njhjs" (fstuioj),
✐ Njs iosfüjs kftjijnðho`js lalnëto`js y fxpfrokfatlnfs
ftokjnðho`lkfatf sohaobo`l fn fstuioj if "nj quf fstì sjgrf nls
utonozla nl fpoifkojnjhël lalnëto`l.
pjgnl`ojafs".
✐ Val `lrl`tfrësto`l if nl fpoifkojnjhël lalnëto`l fs nl
✐ Mly iovfrsjs kïtjijs plrl nnfvlr l `lgj oavfstohl`ojafs
iftfrkoal`oða if njs rofshjs rfnltovjs (WW), rlzða if kjkojs
fpoifkojnðho`ls5 nl vohonla`ol y njs fstuiojs ifs`roptovjs sf pufifa
j if vfatlels (JW), rofshj lgsjnutj (WL), rfiu``oða if rofshj
utonozlr plrl lalnozlr nl iostrogu`oða, y njs fstuiojs lalnëto`js
rfnltovj (WWW), rfiu``oða if rofshj lgsjnutj (WWL), njs
pfrkotfa lalnozlr njs bl`tjrfs iftfrkoalatfs.
`ulnfs sf iftfrkoala fa iosfüjs jgsfrvl`ojalnfs lalnëto`js
(fstuiojs if `jmjrtf j `lsjs y `jatrjnfs) y fxpfrokfatlnfs
7. WLKLP IF NL FSOIFKOJNJHËL
(faslyjs `nëao`js).
7.0 FSOIFKOJNJHË
FSOIFKOJNJHËL
L @NËAO@L
Fpoifkojnjhël Fpoifkojnjhël Fpoifkojnjhël ✐ Slrl Xfoss fs fn fstuioj if nl vlrol`oða fa fn ifsfanl`f
ifs`roptovl lalnëto`l `nëao`l (jut`jkf) l if nl fabfrkfili y nls rlzjafs if fsl vlrol`oða.

✐ Bnft`mfr, Bnft`mfr y Xlhafr nl ifboafa `jkj ua kïtjij plrl

7.< FSOIFKOJNJHËL IFP@WOSYORL
✐ Fstuiol nl iostrogu`oða if nls fabfrkfilifs fa tofkpj,
fspl`oj y pfrsjal4 fs ual ifs`rop`oða nj kìs bfml`ofatf
pjsognf if nl rflnoili.
✐ Aj sf j`upl if lalnozlr nls `lusls if nl fabfrkfili j
rfnl`oða `lusl-fbf`tj.
✐ Hfafrlnkfatf utonozl fstliësto`l ifs`roptovl `jkj pjr
fefkpnj kfioils if tfaifa`ol `fatrln, iospfrsoða y hrìbo`ls.
ml`fr f oatfrprftlr jgsfrvl`ojafs `ofatëbo`ls fa kfio`oal,
`jasoifrlaij quf sf trltl if nl lpno`l`oða if njs proa`opojs y
kïtjijs fpoifkojnðho`js
fpoifkojnðho`js l njs prjgnfkls fa`jatrlijs fa nl
kfio`oal `nëao`l
✐ Bfoastfoa ifboaf nl fpoifkojnjhël `nëao`l `jkj fn fstuioj if
hrupjs if pfrsjals plrl jgtfafr nl fvoifa`ol af`fslrol plrl
nl tjkl if if`osojafs fa nl ltfa`oða ifn pl`ofatf.

0. BVFAYFP IF OABJWKL@OJA FA FSOIFKOJNJHËL

@jastotuoils pjr fn `jaeuatj if iltjs jgtfaoijs pjr kfioj if iobfrfatfs kïtjijs "pnlaflijs y
prjvj`lijs pjr fn koskj oavfstohlijr if l`ufrij l njs boafs if su fstuioj".
BVFAYFP SWOKLWOLP J IF Iltjs jgtfaoijs pjr kfioj if5
WF@JNF@@OÐA IOWF@YL ✐ Jgsfrvl`ojafs
✐ Fa`ufstls pfrsjalnfs
✐ Fa`ufstls lutj-likoaostr
lutj-likoaostrlils
lils

Pf jgtofafa iltjs yl "fxostfatfs" y quf sja fnlgjrlils pjr jtrls pfrsjals j oastotu`ojafs
oastotu`ojafs `ja boafs
iobfrfatfs l njs pnlatflijs plrl ual iftfrkoalil oavfstohl`oða.
BVFAYFP PF@VAILWOJP J @jkj fefkpnj, pufifa `otlrsf5
IJ@VKFAYLNFP ✐ @frtobo`lijs if ifbua`oða
✐ Sugno`l`ojafs
Sugno`l`ojafs ifn `fasj
✐ Wfhostrjs pfrsjalnfs, `nëao`js y if jtrjs topjs.

OO. @LVPLNOILI ftojnðho`l fatrf ual fxpjso`oða y nl lplro`oða if ua fbf`tj. Yfafr

fa `ufatl quf „`lusl‛ fs lnhj quf trlf `jasohj ua fbf`tj j ua
<. IFBOAO@OÐA IF @LVPLNOILI
✐ Nl oavfstohl`oða fpoifkojnðho`l, tofaf `jkj uaj if sus rfsuntlij.

proa`oplnfs jgeftovjs fstlgnf`fr nls `lusls if ua bfaðkfaj if

oatfrïs. Nl `luslnoili sf ifboaf `jkj fn fstuioj if nl rfnl`oða 7. KJIFNJP IF @LVPLNOILI5

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 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
l. Yrolil Fpoifkojnðho`l5 Kjifnj trlio`ojaln if `luslnoili if Lhfatf55 Lhfatf j sustla`ol quf pufif l`tulr fa fn jrhlaoskj. Pu
Lhfatf
nls fabfrkfilifs trlaskosognfs, fstf kjifnj ifboaf l nl prfsfa`ol fs af`fslrol plrl quf sf prjiuz`l nl fabfrkfili.
fabfrkfili `jkj fn rfsuntlij if nl oatfrl``oða fatrf fn Ifgfkjs rf`ln`lr quf pjr së sjnl pufif aj prjiu`or ua kln.
lhfatf, fn muïspfi y lkgofatf. Muïspfi5 Pueftj quf pfrkotf nl fatrlil y sugsostfa`ol ifn lhfatf
fa su jrhlaoskj.
YWOLIL FSOIFKOJNÐHO@L
FSOIFKOJNÐHO@L Lkgofatf5 Bl`tjrfs fxtfrajs quf pjtfa`ola n l rfnl`oða lhfatf
muïspfi.

Yjklij if JSP. KJSF@F. Vaoili 75 Plnui y fabfrkfili fa nl pjgnl`oða, sfhuail fio`oða. Xlsmoahtja I.@.5 JSP, 7337

g. Kjifnj if `jkpjafatfs `luslnfs5 Kjifnj if kunto`luslnoili, prjpufstj pjr Wjtkla fa <?82, sf lpno`l l tjij topj if fabfrkfilifs. Srjpjaf
Srjpjaf
quf ual fabfrkfili fs prjiu`tj if `jaio`ojafs këaokls quf l`tõla fa `jjrioal`oða. Ifboaf `lusl `jkj tjij l`jatf`okofatj, `jaio`oða j
`lrl`tfrësto`l quf eufhl ua plpfn plrl prjiu`or fn fbf`tj, iostoahuf njs sohuofatfs `jkpjafatfs5
✐ @lusl `jkpjafatf5 @jatroguyf l bjrklr ua `jahnjkfrlij quf sfrì ual `lusl subo`ofatf.
✐ @lusl subo`ofatf5 Po fn bl`tjr fstì prfsfatf, fn fbf`tj sofkprf j`urrf.
✐ @lusl af`fslrol5 Po fn bl`tjr fstì lusfatf, fn fbf`tj aj pufif j`urror.
✐ Ifboaf fn `ja`fptj if bl`tjr if rofshj5 so fn bl`tjr fstì prfsfatf j l`tovj,

Va fefkpnj plrl `jkprfaifr fn Kjifnj if `jkpjafatfs `luslnfs

Pupjahlkjs quf nl Bohurl fsqufkltozl nls `lusls if nl tugfr`unjsos. Lsë, nl tugfr`unjsos tfairël trfs `lusls subo`ofatfs, `lil ual if fnnls subo`ofatf
plrl prjiu`ornl, rfprfsfatlils pjr trfs ”plstfnfs‟. @lil `lusl subo`ofatf, l su vfz, tofaf ua `jaeuatj kë aokj if 6 bl`tjrfs quf nl `jkpjafa, fs if`or,
sus `lusls `jkpjafatfs. Fa fstl lalnjhël, fn `jkpjafatf L fstì prfsfatf fa `lil ual if nls trfs `lusls subo`ofatfs4 pjr nj ttl
l atj, fs ual `lusl
af`fslrol plrl prjiu`or nl tugfr`unjsos5 `jrrfspjaif
`jrrfspjaif ln Ky`jgl`tfrouk tugfr`unjsos, yl quf tofaf quf fstlr prfsfatf plrl quf j`urrl nl fabfrkfili
(pfrj, `jkj sf onustrl fa nl bohurl, aj glstl plrl quf sf prjiuz`l nl tugfr`unjsos). Fn `jkpjafatf G pjirël sfr, pjr fefkpnj, nl ifsautro`oða, quf aj
fs `lusl af`fslrol plrl quf j`urrl tugfr`unjsos, y aj sf fa`ufatrl fa fn tfr`fr plstfn, yl quf pufif j`urror tugfr`unjsos fa lusfa`ol if ifsautro`oða.
Yjklij if Jrhlaozl`oða Slalkfro`lal if nl Plnui. Kðiunjs if Sroa`opojs if Fpoifkojnjhël plrl fn @jatrjn if Fabfrkfilifs KJSF@F) Vaoili
75 Plnui y fabfrkfili fa nl pjgnl`oða, sfhuail fio`oða. Xlsmoahtja I.@.5 JSP, 7337, p. <=-<?

OOO. BJWKLP GÌPO@LP IF KFIOIL FA ✐ @jasostf fa lsohalr `lnobo`l`oða if ual prjpofili j `lrl`tfrësto`l
fspf`ëbo`l, nl `uln pufif sfr if ua oaiovoiuj, ual pjgnl`oða, ft`.
FSOIFKOJNJHËL
Slrl rflnozlr ual kfio`oða fs af`fslroj sfhuor ua prj`fsj, plslr
<. KFIO@OÐA

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | 9

if ual fatoili tfðro`l l ual fs`lnl `ja`fptuln, y nufhj l ual
fs`lnl jpfrltovl4 njs plsjs quf sf sohufa sja5
l. Ifnokotlr nl plrtf ifn fvfatj quf sf kfiorì.
g. Pfnf``ojalr nl fs`lnl `ja nl quf sf kfiorì.
`. @jkplrlr fn ltrogutj kfioij `ja nl fs`lnl.
i. Fkotor euo`oj if vlnjr if njs rfsuntlijs.
✐ Pjnj pufif kfiorsf nj quf latfs sf ml `ja`fgoij tfðro`lkfatf,
soa fkglrhj, nl kfio`oða ajs pfrkotf ln`lazlr ua lntj hrlij if
jgeftovoili if njs oastrukfatjs, fs`lnls y `rotfrojs prfvolkfatf

vlnoilijs.
Kfejrfs kïio`js.
✐ Fn aukfrlijr fxprfsl fn aõkfrj if fvfatjs quf sf
prfsfatla iurlatf ua pfrojij if tofkpj fa ua aõkfrj
iftfrkoalij if sueftjs jgsfrvlijs. Fn ifajkoalijr fxprfsl
fn tofkpj iurlatf fn `uln njs sueftjs jgsfrvlijs fstuvofrja
fa rofshj if subror fn fvfatj. Sjr nj tlatj, tofafa iokfasoða
tfkpjrln.
✐ Fefkpnj5 Ylsl if kjrtlnoili kltfral.
Wfprfsfatl`oða5
õ      ë  
 ;
        
   

7. BJWKLP GÌPO@LP IF KFIOIL OR. KFIOILP IF KJWYLNOILI

7.< Aukfrln5 @jastotuyfa ua vlnjr lgsjnutj, aj ajs oaio`l nl
✐ Nl Kjrtlnoili fs ual kfioil if brf`ufa`ol fa oavfstohl`oða
okpjrtla`ol rfnltovl ifn prjgnfkl yl quf sf ifs`jaj`f fn
fpoifkojnðho`l, `ja nls `ulnfs sf koifa fvfatjs if slnui plrl
ifajkoalijr.
pjifr ml`fr `jkplrl`ojafs fatrf pjgnl`ojafs j `jkplrlr nl
Fefk.5 Aõkfrj if `lsjs if Mfpltots G.
koskl pjgnl`oða fa iobfrfatfs pfrojijs if tofkpj.
7.7 Wlzða5 Fxprfsl nl rfnl`oða lrotkïto`l fatrf ijs fvfatjs if
ual koskl pjgnl`oða j ua sjnj fvfatj fa ijs pjgnl`ojafs.
<. KJWYLNOILI
Ifgfkjs rf`jrilr quf fa nl rlzða fn aukfrlijr aj fstì
✐ Fxprfsl nl klhaotui `ja nl quf sf prfsfatl nl kufrtf fa ual
oa`nuoij fa fn ifajkoalijr. Pus vlnjrfs vla ifsif fn `frj
pjgnl`oða fa ua pfrojij iftfrkoalij. Wfbnfel nl pïrioil if nl voil
mlstl fn oaboaotj. Fefk5 Wlzða fatrf vlrjafs y kuefrfs. gojnðho`l oaiovoiuln y fs if alturlnfzl fstro`tlkfatf pjgnl`ojaln.

Wfprfsfatl`oða5 ð
ð
;
 ✐ Sufif fstoklrsf plrl `lil hrupj if fili, lsë `jkj ifn tjtln if
7.0 Srjpjr`oða5 Fxprfsla nl brf`ufa`ol `ja nl quf j`urrf ua
nl pjgnl`oða, iobfrfa`olrsf pjr sfxj, pjr topjs if fabfrkfilifs,
fvfatj, fa rfnl`oða `ja nl pjgnl`oða tjtln, fa nl quf fn fvfatj ft`.
pufif j`urror. Pf `ln`unl iovoiofaij fn aõkfrj if fvfatjs
✐ Pf `nlsobo`l if nl sohuofatf klafrl5
j`urroijs fatrf nl pjgnl`oða fa nl quf j`urrofrja. Fn Kjrtlnoili hfafrln
aukfrlijr `jastotuyf plrtf ifn ifajkoalijr, pjr nj quf fn
Kjrtlnoili fspf`ëbo`l.
rfsuntlij aua`l pufif sfr klyjr quf nl uaoili y js`onl
sofkprf fatrf `frj y uaj.
7. KJWYLNOILI HFAFWLN
✐ L kfauij nls prjpjr`ojafs
prjpjr`ojafs sf rfprfsfatla kfiolatf
✐ Fs fn vjnukfa if kufrtfs j`urroils pjr tjils nls `lusls if if
pjr`fatlefs. Nls prjpjr`ojafs fxprfsla õao`lkfatf nl
fabfrkfili, lglr`l tjijs njs hrupjs if fili y fs plrl lkgjs
rfnl`oða quf fxostf fatrf fn aõkfrj if vf`fs quf sf prfsfatl sfxjs. Pf fxprfsl fa bjrkl if tlsl4 ifpfaiofaij ifn topj if trltj
ua fvfatj y fn aõkfrj tjtln if j`lsojafs fa quf pufif fstliësto`j quf fstl rf`ogl pufif `nlsobo`lrsf fa kjrtlnoili `ruil
j`urror.
j grutl y leustlil.
✐ Fefkpnj5 Srjpjr`oða lauln if kufrtfs fa ual `ouili ✐ Kjrtlnoili `ruil (grutl) (YGK)5 Wfnl`oða fatrf vjnukfa if

Wfprfsfatl`oða5 

ð
ð
;
+ kufrtfs j`urroils fa ua pfrojij ilij y fn tlklüj if pjgnl`oða fa
7.9 Ylsls5 Fxprfsla ioaìko`l if ual pjgnl`oða l nj nlrhj ifn
nls quf sf prfsfatlrja.
tofkpj. Fs nl klhaotui ifn `lkgoj if ual vlrolgnf pjr uaoili
✐ Kjrtlnoili leustlil j fstlailrozlil5 Fxprfsl nl rfnl`oða if
if `lkgoj if jtrl fa rfnl`oða ln tlklüj if nl pjgnl`oða quf kjrtlnoili, pfrj `jasoifrl nls pjsognfs iobfrfa`ols fa nl fstru`turl
sf fa`ufatrl fa rofshj if prfsfatlr fn su`fsj.
pjr fili, sfxj, ft`., if nls pjgnl`ojafs lalnozlils, fstj pfrkotf
quf pufila sfr `jkplrlgnfs.

õ      


 

 ; Ø <3
ð      

0. KJWYLNOILI FPSF@ËBO@L
✐ @ulaij pjr kjtovjs if fstuioj sf iovoif fstl tlsl fa iostoatjs sughrupjs, nls kfioils quf sf jgtofafa tjkla fn ajkgrf if nl b rl``oða pjgnl`ojaln
quf sf fstuiol. Sufif `ln`unlrsf kjrtlnoili pjr sfxj, pjr hrupj ftlroj, pjr `lusl fspf`ëbo`l, ft`.
✐ Fstl tlsl sf `ln`unl if nl sohuofatf klafrl5

  
   
ë   
 ð
   

 
ë
ë
; Ø <3
ð     
       

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 Kfejrfs kïio`js.

9. YLPL IF NFYLNOILI
✐ @ulatobo`l nl hrlvfili if nl fabfrkfili, sf ifboaf `jkj fn pjr`fatlef if `lsjs if ual fabfrkfili j fvfatj iftfrkoalij quf kufrfa fa ua
pfrojij fspf`ëbo`j.
✐ Oaio`l nl okpjrtla`ol if nl fabfrkfili if l`ufrij l su `lpl`oili if prjiu`or nl kufrtf y sf `ln`unl if nl sohuofatf klafrl5

õ      

  



 (%
(%)) ; Ø <33%
<33%
õ      
    

✐ Fxprfsl fn aõkfrj if ifbua`ojafs fatrf fn aõkfrj if `lsjs ifn ✐ Aj pufif sfr `jasoifrlil tlsl, yl quf aj tjkl fa `ufatl fn oao`oj
`uln nls ifbua`ojafs bjrkla plrtf. Pf fxprfsl `jkj tlsl y sf ao iurl`oða if nl fabfrkfili. Pu ifajkoalijr aj af`fslrolkfatf
rfpjrtl `jkj pjr`fatlef if kufrtfs if ual `lusl fspf`ëbo`l. `jrrfspjaif l nl pjgnl`oða fa rofshj, fs if`or, l nl pjgnl`oða
fxpufstl y sus`fptognf if ijaif surhfa njs `lsjs. Fs ua oaio`lijr

R. KFIOILP IF KJWGONOILI if hrla okpjrtla`ol fa slnui põgno`l, pufs prjvff ual kfioil ifn
✐ Po gofa nls tlsls if kjrtlnoili sja õtonfs, nj sja proa`oplnkfatf fa vjnukfa j `lrhl if fabfrkfili fa ual pjgnl`oða fa ua kjkfatj
`lsjs if tfafr ual tlsl if nftlnoili fnfvlil, pfrj so fstl tlsl fs ilij
✐ Nl prfvlnfa`ol if ual fabfrkfili lukfatl `jkj `jasf`ufa`ol
glel, njs iltjs if kjrtlnoili sja if pj`j oatfrïs y rfsuntla kìs
oatfrfslatfs njs iltjs if kjrtlnoili, fs if`or, nl brf`ufa`ol if nl if ual klyjr iurl`oða if nl fabfrkfili, nl prjnjahl`oða if nl
fabfrkfili. voil if njs pl`ofatfs soa quf fstjs sf `urfa, fn lukfatj if njs

✐ Njs `lkgojs fa tlsls if kjrtlnoili pufifa ifgfrsf l `lkgojs `lsjs aufvjs, nl oakohrl`oða if `lsjs, nl fkohrl`oða if njs slajs
fa nls tlsls if kjrgonoili j nftlnoili. y lukfatj if nls tlsls if `url`oða. Fs if`or, nl prfvlnfa`ol if
✐ Nl kjrgonoili pufif kfiorsf fa tïrkoajs if prfvlnfa`ol f ual fabfrkfili ifpfaif if nl oa`oifa`ol y if nl iurl`oða if nl

oa`oifa`ol. fabfrkfili.
✐ Pf ifboaf `jkj nl prjpjr`oða if nl fabfrkfili quf plif`f nl

<. SWFRLNFA@OL5 fabfrkfili ifn fstuioj fa ua kjkfatj ilij.

✐ Aj tofaf iokfasojafs (vlnjrfs fatrf 3 y <), l kfauij sf fxprfsla
✐ Fs nl prjpjr`oða if pjgnl`oða lbf`tlil pjr ual fabfrkfili j
trlstjraj fa ua kjkfatj ilij fa fn tofkpj y fs lprjxoklilkfatf `jkj `lsjs plrl <333 j pjr <33 mlgotlatfs. Fa nl `jastru``oða if
ohuln l nl tlsl if oa`oifa`ol kuntopno`lil pjr nl iurl`oða if nl fstl kfioil aj sofkprf sf `jaj`f fa bjrkl prf`osl nl pjgnl`oða

fabfrkfili fxpufstl ln rofshj y pjr nj hfafrln sf utonozl sjnj nl lprjxokl`oða

if nl pjgnl`oða tjtln ifn ìrfl fstuiolil.

³  
  . 
  
ð
ð  



   .  ; Ø 


³   
   

7. OA@OIFA@OL5 ✐ L iobfrfa`ol if njs fstuiojs if prfvlnfa`ol, njs fstuiojs if

✐ Nl oa`oifa`ol if ual fabfrkfili koif nl vfnj`oili l nl quf sf
prjiu`fa `lsjs aufvjs iurlatf ua pfrojij iftfrkoalij fa ual
pjgnl`oða fspf`obo`l
fspf`obo`lil.
il.
✐ Ifsif fn puatj if vostl fpoifkojnðho`j, mly klyjr oatfrïs fa
`jaj`fr `uìatjs `lsjs aufvjs if ual fabfrkfili lplrf`fa fa
ual pjgnl`oða fa ua pfrojij if tofkpj. Nl oa`oifa`ol ajs il ual
oifl ifn rofshj prjkfioj quf tofafa njs oaiovoiujs fa nl pjgnl`oða
if plif`fr nl fabfrkfili, lsë `jkj nl fbo`l`ol if nls l``ojafs if
`jatrjn lijptlils.
oa`oifa`ol oao`ola `ja pjgnl`ojafs sus`fptognfs nogrfs ifn fvfatj
fa nls `ulnfs sf jgsfrvl nl prfsfatl`oða if `lsjs aufvjs ln nlrhj
if ua pfrojij if sfhuokofatj, if fstl klafrl, njs rfsuntlijs aj
sðnj oaio`la fn vjnukfa boaln if `lsjs aufvjs lplrf`oijs iurlatf
fn sfhuokofatj, soaj, quf pfrkotfa fstlgnf`fr rfnl`
rfnl`ojafs
ojafs if `lusl
‐ fbf`tj fatrf iftfrkoalils `lrl`tfrësto`ls if nl pjgnl`oða y
fabfrkfilifs fspf`ëbo`l
fspf`ëbo`ls.
s.
✐ Nl oa`oifa`ol if ual fabfrkfili pufif kfiorsf if ijs bjrkls5
• Ylsl if oa`oifa`ol j ifasoili if oa`oifa`ol
• Ylsl if oa`oifa`ol l`ukunlil

7.< Ylsl if oa`oifa`ol j ifasoili if oa`oifa`ol5 glslil fa tofkpj y pfrsjal4 koif nl vfnj`oili if nl j`urrfa`ol if nl fabfrkfili.
✐ Pf ifboaf `jkj fn pjtfa`oln oastlatìafj if `lkgoj fa fn fstlij if slnui pjr uaoili if tofkpj

õ   

  

 ;
     
     

    (
(
 ∗ 
)
)

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | 2
 Kfejrfs kïio`js.

✐ Fefkpnj5 Iurlatf fn lüj 73<6 mla lplrf`oij <2 `lsjs if rugfjnl. Fn aõkfrj if pfrsjals fa rofshj if ifslrrjnnlr nl fabfrkfili fa fn 73<6
fs if 888<7. Nl tlsl if oa`oifa`ol
oa`oifa`ol if rugfjnl plrl fn 73<6 fs if5 3.3337/lüj, if`or, 73 `lsjs pjr <33,333 mlgotlatfs pjr lüj.
7.7 Ylsl if oa`oifa`ol l`ukunlil5 glslil fa aõkfrj if pfrsjals fa rofshj4 koif nl prjglgonoili if quf ua oaiovoiuj ifslrrjnnf ua fvfatj fa
fstuioj. Ylkgoïa fs ifajkoalil rofshj
rofshj..
✐ Pf ifboaf `jkj nl prjglgonoili if ifslrrjnnlr fn fvfatj fs ual prjpjr`oða, pjr nj tlatj, sus vlnjrfs pufifa vlrolr fatrf 3 y <, fs liokfasojaln.
Pu bðrkunl fs5

õ     

    

 

;
õ      
  ð       

✐ Fefkpnj5 Iurlatf fn lüj 73<3 sf prfsfatlrja <8 `lsjs if
tugfr`unjsos, fa ual pjgnl`oða if <.?88.039 mlgotlatfs. Nl
tlsl if oa`oifa`ol l`ukunlil sfrì if 3.33333=6?, fs if`or
3,=6 pjr <33.333 mlgotlatfs.
RO. FPYVIOJP FSOIFKOJNÐHO@JP
✐ Njs fstuiojs fpoifkojnðho`js pfrkotfa fstlgnf`fr nl rfnl`oða fatrf
nls `lusls if ual fabfrkfili (vlrolgnfs oaifpfaiofatfs) y nl
oabnufa`ol if fstls fa fn surhokofatj if nl fabfrkfili (vlrolgnfs
ifpfaiofatfs). Sjr nj tlatj, tjij fstuioj fpoifkojnðho`j ifgf sfr
fatfaioij `jkj prj`fsj ifio`lij l rfspjaifr, `ja nl klyjr
fxl`totui pjsognf, ual prfhuatl quf surhoð prjiu`tj if nl
jgsfrvl`oða if ua mf`mj if nl rflnoili, sjgrf nl `uln sf fnlgjrl
ual mopðtfsos quf ifgfrì sfr prjglil.
✐ Njs iosfüjs fpoifkojnðho`js sf pufifa `nlsobo`lr fa5

<. FPYVIOJP JGPFWRL@OJALNFP <.< Fstuiojs Ifs`roptovjs5

✐
Fn oavfstohlijr aj klaopunl nls vlrolgnfs if nl fxpjso`oða y sf
nokotl l jgsfrvlr, ifs`rogor y lalnozlr nls `jaio`ojafs rfnl`ojalils
l nl slnui if nls pjgnl`ojafs. Ifatrj if fstjs fstuiojs sf
fa`ufatrla5 fstuiojs ifs`roptovjs y fstuiojs lalnëto`js.
Ifs`roptovjs5 @ulaij fn jgeftovj buailkfatln fs
ifs`rogor nls `jaio`ojafs rfnl`ojalils `ja nl slnui y sus
vlrol`ojafs sfhõa sus `lrl`tfrësto`ls oaiovoiulnfs, sj`olnfs,
hfjhrìbo`ls y tfkpjrlnfs. Njs iltjs prjpjr`ojalijs pjr

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | 8
Kfejrfs kïio`js.
fstjs fstuiojs sja fsfa`olnfs plrl likoaostrlijrfs prf`fioð l nl fabfrkfili j vo`fvfrsl. Oailhl sjgrf nl
slaotlrojs, lsë `jkj plrl fpoifkoðnjhjs y `nëao`js. Yfafkjs5 prfsfa`ol if nl fxpjso`oða y nl j`urrfa`ol ifn fvfatj
l) Fstuiojs Yrlasvfrslnfs5 Pf ifajkoala tlkgoïa ual vfz `jabjrklil nl pjgnl`oða fa fstuioj, y pjrquf
fstuiojs if prfvlnfa`ol. Fstjs fstuiojs aj pfrkotfa sðnj sf ml`f ual kfio`oða fa fn tofkpj fa `lil sueftj
`jaj`fr nl sf`ufa`ol tfkpjrln if njs l`jatf`okofatjs y if fstuioj.
aj fs pjr tlatj pjsognf iftfrkoalr so nl fxpjso`oða

Bohurl. Fstuioj trlasvfrsln. (Yjklij if5 Mfraìaifz-Lvonl Kluro`oj, Hlrroij-Nltjrrf Brla`os`j, Nðpfz-Kjrfaj Pfrhoj. Iosfüj
if fstuiojs fpoifkojnðho`js. Plnui põgno`l Kïx 73334 97(7)5 <99-<69).

✐ Pus vfatlels rlio`la fa nl bl`onoili if fef`utlrnjs, pj`j
`jstjsjs, sf pufifa fstuiolr vlrols fabfrkfilifs y/j
bl`tjrfs if rofshj l nl vfz, prf`osla pj`j tofkpj plrl su
fef`u`oða y õtonfs plrl nl pnlaobo`l`oða y likoaostrl`oða
Plaotlrol.
✐ Pus nokotl`ojafs5 aj sorvfa plrl nl oavfstohl`oða `lusln4
aj sja õtonfs fa fabfrkfilifs rlrls, ao if `jrtl
iurl`oða, pjsogonoili if sfshjs if oabjrkl`oða y
sfnf``oða.
g) Fstuiojs F`jnðho`js5 Ifs`rogfa nl fabfrkfili fa nl
pjgnl`oða fa rfnl`oða l vlrolgnfs if oatfrïs, fstjs
fstuiojs `jastotuyfa fa ku`mls j`lsojafs fn prokfr
plsj fa nl oavfstohl`oða if ual pjsognf rfnl`oða fatrf
ual fabfrkfili y ual fxpjso`oða iftfrkoalil
iftfrkoalil..
✐ Pus vfatlels rlio`la fa quf sf rflnozla
rìpoilkfatf, prì`to`lkfatf soa `jstf y `ja oabjrkl`oða
iospjaognf.
✐ Nls nokotl`ojafs sja quf aj sf pufif iftfrkoalr so
fxostf lsj`ol`oða fatrf nl fxpjso`oða ual fabfrkfili l
aovfn oaiovoiuln, sja oa`lpl`fs if `jatrjnlr vlrolgnfs y
pufif jgtfafr `ja`nusojafs oalif`ulils.
<.< Fstuiojs Lalnëto`js5 Lalnozl nls rfnl`ojafs fatrf fn
fstlij if slnui y jtrls vlrolgnfs. Fn jgeftovj
buailkfatln fs lalnozlr njs iftfrkoalatfs j
`lusls if fstls vlrol`ojafs.
l) Fstuiojs if @jmjrtf5 Pf oifatobo`la fa bua`oða
if nl prfsfa`ol j lusfa`ol if nl fxpjso`oða l
ua bl`tjr. Fa fstf kjkfatj tjijs fstìa nogrfs
if fabfrkfili if oatfrïs y sja sfhuoijs
iurlatf ua pfrojij if tofkpj plrl jgsfrvlr nl
lplro`oða ifn bfaðkfaj fa fstuioj. Po ln
boalnozlr fn pfrëjij if jgsfrvl`oða nl
kuy oa`oifa`ol if nl fabfrkfili fs klyjr fa fn
hrupj if fxpufstjs, pjirfkjs `ja`nuor quf
fxostf ual lsj`ol`oða fstliësto`l fatrf nl
fxpjso`oða l nl vlrolgnf y nl oa`oifa`ol if nl
fabfrkfili.

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | =
 Kfejrfs kïio`js.

Bohurl. Iosfüj if ua fstuioj if `jmjrtf. (Yjklij if5 Mfraìaifz -Lvonl Kluro`oj, Hlrroij-Nltjrrf Brla`os`j, Nðpfz-Kjrfaj
Pfrhoj. Iosfüj if fstuiojs fpoifkojnðho`js. Plnui põgno`l Kïx 73334 97(7)5 <99-<69).

✐ Nl `ulatobo`l`oða if nl lsj`ol`oða sf `ln`unl `jastruyfaij nl rlzða fatrf nl oa`oifa`ol ifn bfaðkfaj fa njs fxpufstjs l nl
vlrolgnf (nf) y nl oa`oifa`ol ifn bfaðkfaj fa njs aj fxpufstjs (nj). Fstl rlzða fatrf oa`oifa`ols sf `jaj`f `jkj rofshj rfnlt ovj
y su `ìn`unj sf fstokl `jkj5

Fabfrkjs Plajs Yjtln

Fxpufstjs l g l+g

Aj fxpufstjs ` i `+i

Yjtln l+` g+i l+g+`+i

     / ( )



 


; ; ;
      / ( )

✐ Pus vfatlels sja quf pufifa kfior oa`oifa`ol, nl pjsogonoili if sfshjs fs glel y sorvfa plrl fstuiojs if fxpjso`ojafs rlrls.
Poa fkglrhj, sus nokotl`ojafs rlio`la fa fn `jstj lntj, nl iobo`untli if nl fef`u`oða, aj sja õtonfs plrl fabfrkfilifs rlrls,
rfquofrfa tlklüj kufstrln fnfvlij y nl pjsogonoili if nl pïrioil ifn sfhuokofatj.
g) Fstuiojs @lsj @jatrjn5 Pu `lrl`tfrësto`l proa`opln fs quf fn `rotfroj if sfnf``oða if nl pjgnl`oða fa fstuioj sf glsl fa nl
prfsfa`ol (`lsjs) j lusfa`ol (`jatrjnfs) ifn fvfatj if n fstuioj y fa quf fs fn oavfstohlijr quofa boel fn aõkfrj if fvfatjs l
fstuiolr, lsë `jkj fn aõkfrj if sueftjs soa fvfatj.
✐ Pja if kìxokl utonoili plrl fstuiojs if fabfrkfilifs if glel brf`ufa`ol pjgnl`ojaln (tlatj oa`oifa`ol `jkj prfvlnfa`ol),
fatrfhla ua fstoklijr if rofshj Jiis Wltoj (JW).

Bohurl. Iosfüj if ua fstuioj if `lsjs y `jatrjnfs. (Yjklij if5 Mfraìaifz-Lvonl Kluro`oj, Hlrroij-Nltjrrf Brla`os`j, Nðpfz-Kjrfaj
Pfrhoj. Iosfüj if fstuiojs fpoifkojnðho`js. Plnui põgno`l Kïx 73334 97( 7 )5 <99-<69).

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | ?
 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
✐ Nls vfatlels if fstf topj if fstuioj
rlio`la fa su glej `jstj, `jrtl iurl`oða,
lpno`l`oða fa fabfrkfilifs rlrls,
pfrkotf laìnosos if vlrojs bl`tjrfs if
rofshj plrl ual iftfrkoalil
fabfrkfili.
✐ Pus nokotl`ojafs sja quf aj fstokla
iorf`tlkfatf nl oa`oifa`ol, rfsuntl bì`on
oatrjiu`or sfshjs if sfnf``oða y/j
oabjrkl`oða, nl sf`ufa`ol if fxpjso`oða
y fabfrkfili aj sofkprf fs bì`on if
fstlgnf`fr.
7. FPYVIOJP F]SFWOKFAYLNFP
✐ Pja fstuiojs fa njs quf fn oavfstohlijr klaopunl nls ROO.
`jaio`ojafs if nl oavfstohl`oða, sf utonozla plrl fvlnulr nl
fbo`l`ol if iobfrfatfs tfrlpols, if l`tovoilifs prfvfatovls,
ft`., Fn oavfstohlijr fs quofa if`oif nl fxpjso`oða, fn hrla
`jatrjn quf sf tofaf sjgrf fn iosfüj bl`onotl nl oatfrprftl`oða
if nls lsj`ol`ojafs `jkj `luslnfs.
7.< Faslyjs @nëao`js5
@nëao`js5 Fa fstf iosfüj, njs sueftjs sja pl`ofatfs
y sf pfrsohuf fvlnulr uaj j kìs trltlkofatjs aufvjs plrl
ual fabfrkfili j prj`fsj. Njs sueftjs ifgfa sfr
iolhajsto`lijs `ja nl fabfrkfili y sfr likotoijs ln fstuioj
`ja rlpoifz subo`ofatf trls fn iolhaðsto`j `jkj plrl quf nl
lsohal`oða ifn trltlkofatj sfl fa ua kjkfatj lif`ulij.
Fstjs fstuiojs tofafa rfstro``ojafs ïto`ls okpjrtlatfs.
✐ Nls vfatlels quf pjsff sja5 klyjr `jatrjn ifn iosfüj, kfajs
pjsogonoili if sfshjs, rfpftognfs y `jkplrlgnfs `ja jtrls
fxpfrofa`ols.
✐ Nls nokotl`ojafs sja fn `jstj fnfvlij, nls nokotl`ojafs ïto`ls
y rfspjaslgonoili fa nl klaopunl`oða if nl fxpjso`oða
fxpjso`oða..
7.7 Faslyjs if `lkpj5
`lkpj5 Njs sueftjs oa`nuoijs aj sja pl`ofatfs,
pufstj quf aj mla liquoroij lõa nl fabfrkfili. Wfquofrfa
Wfsuntlij if nl prufgl Rfrilifrj iolhaðsto`j j „Hjni Ptlailri‛
Fabfrkj
Sjsotovj Rfrilifrjs Sjsotovjs (RS)
Afhltovj Blnsjs Afhltovjs (BA)
l) Pfasogonoili5 Srjglgonoili if quf ua oaiovoiuj fabfrkj
jgtfahl fa nl prufgl ua rfsuntlij pjsotovj. Fs pjr nj tlatj, nl
`lpl`oili ifn tfst if iftf`tlr nl fabfrkfili. Pf `jaj`f
`jkj nl brl``oða if njs vfrilifrjs pjsotovjs.
g) Fspf`obo`oili5 Srjglgonoili if quf ua sueftj soa nl
fabfrkfili jgtfahl ua rfsuntlij afhltovj. Fs nl `lpl`oili
ifn tfst if iftf`tlr l njs sueftjs slajs. Pf `jaj`f `jkj nl
brl``oða if njs vfrilifrjs afhltovjs.
www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk
pjr nj hfafrln ua klyjr aõkfrj if sueftjs rfspf`tj ln
faslyj `nëao`j, njs `ulnfs ifgfa sfr vosotlijs l sus `lsls,
nuhlrfs if trlglej, nuhlrfs if fstuioj, nj quf lukfatla njs
`jstjs. Fa hfafrln sf nokotla l fstuioj if bl`tjrfs
prfvfatovjs if fabfrkfilifs j gofa kuy `jkuafs j
fxtrfklilkfatf hrlvfs.
✐ Nls fxpjso`ojafs ifgfa sfr lsohalils if bjrkl if bl`onotlr
nl `jkplrlgonoili fatrf hrupjs.
7.0 Fstuiojs `jkuaotlrojs if oatfrvfa`oða5 Oa`nuyfa ual
oatfrvfa`oða sjgrf glsfs `jkuaotlrols lkpnols, pjr fefkpnj,
nl bnujrl`oða if lhul fa lnhuals `jkuaoilifs. Lnhuals
oatfrvfa`ojafs sf ml`fa sjgrf hrupjs if sueftjs kìs
pfqufüjs fa ual `jkuaoili fatfrl.
SWVFGLP IOLHAJPYO@LP
<. SWVFGL IOLHAÐPYO@L
Fs `ulnquofr prj`fsj kìs j kfajs `jkpnfej, quf prftfaif iftfrkoalr
fa ua pl`ofatf nl prfsfa`ol if `ofrtl `jaio`oða, supufstlkfatf
pltjnðho`l, aj sus`fptognf if sfr jgsfrvlil iorf`tlkfatf, fs if`or, aj
sf sufnfa `jasoifrlr `jkj prufgls iolhaðsto`ls l njs sfatoijs `ulaij
fvlnõla nl prfsfa`ol if lnhõa sohaj pltjnðho`j.
7. FRLNVL@OÐA IF VAL SWVFGL IOLHAÐPYO@L
Slrl fvlnulr fn ifsfkpfüj if ual prufgl iolhaðsto`l sf ifgf
`jkfazlr `ja nl `ulatobo`l`oða if nl klhaotui if njs frrjrfs quf pufif
`jkftfr j l nl oavfrsl, nl klhaotui if njs l`ofrtjs.
Val gufal prufgl iolhaðsto`l fs lqufnnl quf jbrf`f rfsuntlijs
pjsotovjs fa fabfrkjs y afhltovjs fa slajs, pjr nj tlatj, sf rfquofrf
`ofrtls `jaio`ojafs `jkj sja5
7.< Rlnoifz5 Po fn tfst koif nj quf ifgf kfior. Nl sfasogonoili y
nl fspf`obo`oili koifa nl vlnoifz.
Plaj
Blnsjs Sjsotovjs (BS)
Rfrilifrjs Afhltovjs (RA)
✐ Val prufgl kuy sfasognf sfrì lif`ulil fa nj s `lsjs fa fn
quf aj iolhajsto`lr nl fabfrkfili pufif rfsuntlr bltln plrl
njs fabfrkjs, `jkj nls fabfrkfilifs pfnohrjsls pfrj
trltlgnfs, j fa njs quf ua blnsj pjsotovj aj prjiuz`l
trlstjrajs pso`jnðho`js j f`jaðko`js plrl fn pl`ofatf. Fek.
Srufgls if s``rffaoah.
✐ Njs tfst if lntl fspf`obo`oili sf rfquofrfa plrl
fabfrkfilifs hrlvfs, pfrj soa trltlkofatj iospjaognf quf nls
Sìhoal | <3
 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
mlhl `urlgnfs j `ulaij iolhajsto`lr l ua pl`ofatf ua kln Bohurl. Rlrol`ojafs if njs vlnjrfs prfio`tovjs sfhõa nl prfvlnfa`ol
quf rflnkfatf aj plif`f pufil l`lrrflr hrlvfs
`jasf`ufa`ols.
`jasf`ufa`ols. Fek. Srufgls `jaborkltjrols
`jaborkltjrols.. ROOO. FABFWKFILIFP YWLAPKOPOGNFP
7.7 Wfprjiu`tovoili5 Nl `lpl`oili if jgtfafr njs koskjs <. IFBOAO@OÐA IF FABFWKFILIFP YWLAPKOPOGNFP
rfsuntlijs so sf rfpotf su lpno`l`oða fa `jaio`ojafs sokonlrfs
sokonlrfs.. ✐ Fabfrkfili `luslil pjr ua lhfatf oabf``ojsj fspf`ëbo`j j sus
Nl vlrolgonoili gojnðho`l ifn mf`mj jgsfrvlij, nl oatrjiu`oil tjxoals, sf klaobofstl pjr nl trlaskosoða if fstf lhfatf j sus
pjr fn prjpoj jgsfrvlijr y nl ifrovlil ifn prjpoj tfst, prjiu`tjs, if ua rfsfrvjroj l ua muïspfi sus`fptognf, pufif sfr
iftfrkoala su rfprjiu`to
rfprjiu`tovoili.
voili. if pfrsjal l pfrsjal l laokln oabf`tlij (iorf`tlkfatf) j pjr
7.0 Pfhuroili5 Pf iftfrkoal pjr fn Rlnjr Srfio`tovj Sjsotovj kfioj if ua muïspfi oatfrkfiolroj (oaiorf`tlkfatf), fn muïspfi
(RSS) y Rlnjr Srfio`tovj Afhltovj (RSA), fstì kuy oatfrkfiolroj pufif sfr if alturlnfzl vfhftln j laokln, if ua
oabnufa`olil pjr nl prfvlnfa`ol if nl pltjnjhël. vf`tjr j ifn kfioj lkgofatf oalaoklij.
l) Rlnjr Srfio`tovj Sjsotovj5 Srjglgonoili if plif`fr nl
fabfrkfili so sf jgtofaf rfsuntlij pjsotovj ifn tfst. 7. SWJSOFILIFP IFN LHFAYF OABF@@OJPJ5
Sufif fstoklrsf l plrtor if nl prjpjr`oða if pl`ofatfs l) Yrlaskosogonoili55 Fs nl `lpl`oili if iosfkoal`oða j if fxtfasoða
Yrlaskosogonoili
`ja ua rfsuntlij pjsotovj fa nl prufgl quf boalnkfatf if nl fabfrkfili. Pf `ulatobo`l kfiolatf fn aõkfrj gìso`j if
rfsuntlrja fstlr fabfrkjs. rfprjiu``oða (Wj), quf sf `jkpjaf if nl tlsl if ltlquf `nëao`l y
if jtrjs fnfkfatjs.
g) Oabf`tovoili5 Fs nl `lpl`oili if pfaftrl`oða y kuntopno`l`oða fa fn
muïspfi. Pf `ulatobo`l kfiolatf nl prjpjr`oða if oaiovoiujs quf
sf prfsfatla `lkgojs sfrjnðho`js tfahla j aj sëatjkls5 tlsl if
g) Rlnjr Srfio`tovj Afhltovj5 Srjglgonoili if quf ua sueftj ltlquf sfrjnðho`l.
`ja ua rfsuntlij afhltovj fa nl prufgl rflnkfatf aj `) Sltjhfao`oili5 Fs nl `lpl`oili if rfprjiu`or nl fabfrkfili. Pf

tfahl nl fabfrkfili `ulatobo`l `jkj nl prjp jr`oða if pfrsjals oabf`tlils quf

ifslrrjnnla `nëao`l if nl fabfrkfili
i) Rorunfa`ol5 Fs nl `lpl`oili if prjiu`or ilüj hrlvf. Pf koif
kfiolatf nl tlsl if nftlnoili j prjpjr`oða if `lsjs kjrtlnfs fa
rfnl`oða ln tjtln if oabf`tlijs.
f) Oakuajhfao`oili5 Fs nl `lpl`oili if oaiu`or oakuaoili fspf`ëbo`l
✐ Njs vlnjrfs prfio`tovjs prfsfatla nl nokotl`oða if
y iurlifrl. Pf koif kfiolatf nl prjpjr`oða if nl pjgnl`oða quf
quf ifpfaifa fa hrla kfioil if nj brf`ufatf quf
ml`f sfrj`javfrsoða y kfkjrol oakuajnðho`l (rfsostfa`o
(rfsostfa`ol).
l).
sfl nl fabfrkfili l iolhajsto`lr (prfvlnfa`ol) fa
nl pjgnl`oða jgeftj ifn fstuioj.
0. @LIFAL FSOIFKOJNÐHO@L
✐ Ylkgoïa `jaj`oil `jkj `lifal if oabf``oða. Nls fabfrkfilifs
trlaskosognfs lplrf`fa `jkj ual sf`ufa`ol if oatfrl``oða if
iobfrfatfs fnfkfatjs. Fn fsqufkl quf prfsfatlkjs l
`jatoaul`oða gus`l jrifalr fstjs fnfkfatjs.

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | <<

Kfejrfs kïio`js.
Bohurl. @lifal Fpoifkojnðho`l. Yjklij if KJSF@F Vaoili 75 Plnui y fabfrkfili if nl pjgnl`oða. 7il fio`oða
l) Lhfatf `lusln.- Lhfatf gojnðho`j (vorus, gl`tfrol, mjahj,
plrìsotj) `lplz if prjiu`or nl fabfrkfili, yl sfl if bjrkl
iorf`tl j l trlvïs if sus tjxoals
g) Wfsfrvjroj.- @ulnquofr pfrsjal, laokln, vfhftln, kltfrol
oajrhìao`l, sustla`ol j `jkgoal`oða if njs kfa`ojalijs, fa
ijaif ua lhfatf oabf``ojsj vovf, sf kuntopno`l y ifn quf
ifpfaif plrl su supfrvovfa`ol
supfrvovfa`ol y rfprjiu``oða if kjij quf
pufil trlskotorsf l ua muïspfi sus`fptognf. Sufifa sfr
laoklijs (muklajs, laoklnfs) j oalaoklijs (sufnj, lhul,
ft`.)
`) Sufrtl if Plnoil.- Fs fn `lkoaj quf tjkl fn lhfatf plrl slnor
if nl bufatf, pufif sfr pjr vël rfsporltjrol, iohfstovl, hïaotj-
uroalrol, pofn y ku`jsl.
i) Kf`laoskj if trlaskosoða.- Fs nl trlaskosoða if lhfatfs
oabf``ojsjs. Pf rfbofrf l `ulnquofr kf`laoskj kfiolatf fn
`uln ua lhfatf oabf``ojsj fs iosfkoalij ifsif ual bufatf j
rfsfrvjroj l ual pfrsjal. Fs if ijs topjs5
✐ Iorf`tj5 Iobusoða iorf`tl pjr rj`fs, gfsjs j pjr prjyf``oða if
hjtotls sjgrf nl `jaeuatovl u jtrls ku`jsls, ln fstjrauilr,
tjsfr, mlgnlr, hrotlr, fatrf jtrjs.
✐ Oaiorf`tl5 Iobusoða l trlvïs if vfmë`unjs if iovfrsjs
kltfrolnfs u jgeftjs `jatlkoalijs, fstjs sf `jaj`fa `jkj
bjkëtfs. Fstl fs tlkgoïa rfbfroil l nl iobusoða if vf`tjrfs.
www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk
f) Sufrtl if fatrlil.- Fs nl vël if l``fsj ln muïspfi. Sufif
sfr l trlvïs if nl vël rfsporltjrol pjr oamlnl`oða, vël iohfstovl
ln `jasukor lnokfatjs, pofn y ku`jsl pjr ual sjnu`oða if
`jatoauoili.
b) Muïspfi sus`fptognf.- Fs ua oaiovoiuj gnla`j ifn lhfatf y fa
fn `uln sf ifslrrjnnl nl fabfrkfili trlaskosognf.
9. SFWOJIJP IF NLP FABFWKFILIFP OABF@@OJPLP
✐ Pja njs sohuofatfs5
l) Sfrojij if nltfa`ol5 Yofkpj trlas`urroij fatrf fn kjkfatj
if nl fxpjso`oða y fn oao` oj if nl trlaskosogonoili. Aj fs nl
`lpl`oili if oabf`tlr.
g) Sfrojij if trlaskosogonoili5 Fs fn tofkpj iurlatf fn `uln ua
oaiovoiuj pufif trlaskotor nl oabf``oða.
`) Sfrojij if oa`ugl`oða5 Yofkpj trlas`urroij fatrf nl
fxpjso`oða y nl lplro`oða ifn prokfr sëatj kl. Iurlatf fstf
pfrojij sf pufif trlaskotor nl oabf``oða.
i) Sfrojij if klaobfstl`ojafs `nëao`ls5 Yofkpj iurlatf fn `uln
fn muïspfi prfsfatl sohajs y sëatjkls `nëao`js if nl
fabfrkfili.
Sìhoal | <7
 Kfejrfs kïio`js.

Bohurl. Sfrojijs if nls fabfrkfilifs oabf``ojsls. Yjklij if KJSF@F Vaoili 75 Plnui y fabfrkfili if nl pjgnl`oða. 7il fio`oða

YJKLW FA @VFAYL5
@lsj ëaio`f5 Fs fn prokfr `lsj if ual fabfrkfili fa ua hrupj ifboaoij.
@lsj proklroj5 Fs lqufn oaiovoiuj quf oatrjiu`f nl fabfrkfili fa fn hrupj ifboaoij glej fstuioj. Aj fs af`fslrolkfatf fn `lsj ëaio`f.

6. YLPL IF LYL\VF
✐ Fs ual kfioil if brf`ufa`ol, vlrolatf if nl tlsl if oa`oifa`ol. Pf lpno`l l ual pjgnl`oða fstrf`mlkfatf ifboaoil y jgsfrvlil pjr ua pfrojij
nokotlij if tofkpj, `jkj iurlatf ual fpoifkol. Sjr rfhnl hfafrln, sf fxprfsl `jkj ua pjr`fatlef.
pjr`fatlef.
✐ Pf ifboaf `jkj5
õ    ℁
  


 ; Ø <3
<33
3
õ    
   ë
 

✐ YLPL IF LYL\VF PF@VAILWOL5 Fs nl kfioil if nl brf`ufa`ol if aufvjs `lsjs if fabfrkfili fa `jatl`tjs if `lsjs `jaj`oijs. Koif nl
prjglgonoili if quf nls pfrsjals sus`fptog
sus`fptognfs
nfs fxpufstls l ua `jatl`tj `ja ua `lsj proklroj rfsuntfa fabfrkls y sf ifajkoala `lsjs sf`uailrojs.
Pu bðrkunl fs5
õ      
   
  
 

 ; Ø <3
õ   

O]. SWFPFAYL@OÐA IF FABFWKFILIFP _ Val fpoifkol nj`lnozlil j ua lukfatj nj`lnozlij fa nl oa`oifa`ol

ROHONLA@OL FSOIFKOJNÐHO@L if ual fabfrkfili fa ual nj`lnoili, pufgnj j ual oastotu`oða

`frrlil.
<. SWFPFAYL@OÐA IF FABFWKFILIFP YWLAPKOPOGNFP
<.< FSOIFKOL
<.0 FSOUJJYOL

Klaobfstl`oða, fa ual `jkuaoili j rfhoða, if `lsjs if ual

fabfrkfili (j ua grjtf) `ja ual brf`ufa`ol quf fx`fil aftlkfatf Fs fn grjtf (fpoifkol) if ual fabfrkfili fa ual pjgnl`oða laokln
if nl oa`oifa`ol ajrkln prfvostl. `ja nl `jaajtl`oða quf l kfauij pufif lbf`tlr tlkgoïa l nl
pjgnl`oða muklal.

✐ Fn aõkfrj if `lsjs quf oaio`l nl fxostfa`ol if ual fpoifkol

vlrël `ja fn lhfatf oabf``ojsj, fn tlklüj y nls `lrl`tfrësto`ls <.9 FAIFKOL

if nl pjgnl`oða fxpufstl, su fxpfrofa` ol prfvol j blntl if

fxpjso`oða l nl fabfrkfili, y fn sotoj y nl ïpj`l ifn lüj fa Srfsfa`ol `jatoaul if ual fabfrkfili j ua lhfatf oabf``ojsj fa

quf tofaf nuhlr. ual zjal hfjhrìbo`l iftfrkoalil.

<.7 GWJYF ✐ Ylkgoïa pufif ifajtlr nl prfvlnfa`ol usuln if ual

fabfrkfili plrto`unlr fa io`ml zjal. Nls faifkols pufifa

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | <0

 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
`jastotuor ua bl`tjr iftfrkoalatf plrl fn ifslrrjnnj if nls
`jaio`ojafs if voil if ual pjgnl`oða.
✐ Mly ua aõkfrj if `lsjs mlgotulnfs, `jatrjnlijs, fa nl
rfhoða5
• Mjnjfaifkol5 1 86 %
• Mopfrfaifkol55 63 ‐ 86 %
Mopfrfaifkol
• Kfsjfaifkol5 <3 ‐ 63 %
• Mopjfaifkol5 > <3 %
Oavfstohl`oða
<.6 SLAIFKOL if `lsjs y
Fpoifkol quf j`urrf fa tjij fn kuaij j lbf`tl ua ìrfl kuy lkpnol4
`ruzla njs nëkotfs oatfral`ojalnfs y lbf`tl l ua aõkfrj hrlaif i f
pfrsjals.
Fa`ufstls
7. ROHONLA@OL FSOIFKOJNÐHO@L
FSOIFKOJNÐHO@L
Wf`jnf``oða sostfkìto`l,
sostfkìto`l, laìnosos f oatfrprftl`oða if iltjs if slnui
af`fslrojs plrl nl pnlaobo`l`oða, okpnfkfatl`oða y fvlnul`oða if
pjnëto`ls if slnui põgno`l, `jkgoalij `ja nl iobusoða jpjrtual if
njs iltjs l lqufnnjs quf af`fsotla slgfr.
✐
Ml ifkjstrlij fa nls õntokls iï`lils sfr ual if nls
mfrrlkofatls kìs okpjrtlatfs `ja quf `ufatl nl slnui põgno`l quf Bufatf5 Jrhlaozl`oða Slalkfro`lal
ajs pfrkotf tfafr ua `jaj`okofatj l`tulnozlij ifn fstlij if slnui Sroa`opojs if Fpoifkojnjhël plrl fn @jatrjn if Fabfrkfilifs,
if nl pjgnl`oða, pfrkotofaij oifatobo`lr prf`jzkfatf njs grjtfs j
fpoifkols plrl su jpjrtual oatfrvfa`oða y `jatrjn.
7.< JGEFYORJP IF NL ROHONLA@OL
✐ Iftf`tlr `lkgojs lhuijs fa nl j`urrfa`ol y iostrogu`oða if
nls fabfrkfilifs.
✐ Oifatobo`lr, `ulatobo`lr y kjaotjrflr nls tfaifa`ols y pltrjafs
ifn prj`fsj slnui-fabfrkfili fa nls pjgnl`ojafs.
✐ Jgsfrvlr njs `lkgojs fa njs pltrjafs if j`urrfa`ol if njs
lhfatfs y muïspfifs plrl nl prfsfa`ol if fabfrkfilifs.
✐ Iftf`tlr `lkgojs fa nls prì`to`ls if slnui.
✐ Oavfstohlr y `jatrjnlr nls fabfrkfilifs.
✐ Snlaflr njs prjhrlkls if slnui.
✐ Fvlnulr nls kfioils if prfvfa`oða y `jatrjn.
Postfkls pfrklafatfs if `jasohal`oða if
fvfatjs fef`utlijs pjr oastotu`ojafs põgno`ls j
provlils ijaif sf `jasohal rfhunlrkfatf nl
Wfhostrjs
j`urrfa`ol if `ofrtjs fvfatjs (al`okofatjs,
ifbua`ojafs, mjspotlnozl
mjspotlnozl`ojafs,
`ojafs, oakuaozl`ojafs,
oakuaozl`ojafs,
fatrf jtrjs).
Srj`fiokofatj fstlailrozlij if gõsqufil
l`tovl y fxmlustovl if oabjrkl`oða
`jkpnfkfatlrol sjgrf uaj j kìs `lsjs
grjtfs lsj`olijs l iftfrkoalij fvfatj, usulnkfatf
`jkj rfspufstl jrhlaozlil latf nl sjspf`ml if
fpoifkol.
Srj`fiokofatjs if rf`jnf``oða if oabjrkl`oða
pjr njs `ulnfs sf jgtofaf oabjrkl`oða fa ua
puatj fspf`ëbo`j if tofkpj sjgrf iftfrkoalils
`lrl`tfrësto`ls if oatfrïs, hfafrlnkfatf aj
iospjaognfs fa jtrls bufatfs if iltjs
Jpoaojafs fspjatìafls y aj `jaborklils
jrohoalils fa nl `jkuaoili y iovunhlils pjr sus
nëifrfs y/j l trlvïs if njs kfiojs if
Wukjrfs
`jkuao`l`oða if klsls, lsj`olils ln
oa`rfkfatj if `lsjs j kufrtfs pjr ual
iftfrkoalil `lusl.
Slalkfro`lal if nl Plnui. Kðiunjs if
sfhuail fio`oða. Xlsmoahtja I.@.5 JSP, 7337, 9? p
7.9 IFBOAO@OÐA IF @LPJ
✐ Nl ifboao`oða if `lsj fs buailkfatln fa fn ifslrrjnnj if ua
sostfkl if vohonla`ol4 ifgf sfr sokpnf y l`fptlgnf.
✐ VA ILYJ OKSJWYLAYF ➙ Nl ifboao`oða if `lsj plrl boafs
if vohonla`ol AJ fs fxl`tlkfatf ohuln l nl ifboao`oða `nëao`l
ifn fvfatj.
✐ @ja boafs fpoifkojnðho`js, fn iolhaðsto`j if ua `lsj
ifpfaif if nl fvoifa`ol iospjaognf, pjr nj `uln nl ifboao`oða
if `lsj ifgf iostoahuor aovfnfs `ja `rotfrojs fspf`ëbo`js l
iostoatjs hrlijs if `frtfzl iolhaðsto`l `jkj, pjr fefkpnj,
njs sohuofatfs5

Pohajs y sëatjkls `jkpltognfs `ja nl fabfrkfili,

7.7 FYLSLP GÌPO@LP IF NJP POPYFKLP IF ROHONLA@OL @lsj
soa fvoifa`ol lnhual if nlgjrltjroj (lusfatf,
sjspf`mjsj
pfaiofatf j afhltovl).
Wf`jnnf`oða Laìnosos if nl Oatfrprftl`oða if Iobusoða if nl
@lsj Pohajs y sëatjkls `jkpltognfs `ja nl fabfrkfili,
if iltjs oabjrkl`oða nl oabjrkl`oða oabjrkl`oða prjglgnf soa fvoifa`ol ifboaotovl if nlgjrltjroj.

@lsj Fvoifa`ol ifboaotovl if nlgjrltjroj, `ja j soa sohajs

7.0 BVFAYFP IF ILYJP SLWL NL ROHONLA@OL
`jaborklij y/j sëatjkls `jkpltognfs `ja nl fabfrkfili.
Fs tjij `lsj sjspf`mjsj j prjglgnf `ja fvoifa`ol
Srj`fiokofatj kfiunlr if nl vohonla`ol pjr kfioj
@lsj `nëao`l, if nlgjrltjroj j latf`fifatf
Ajtobo`l`oða if ifn `uln njs sfrvo`ojs if slnui oabjrkla rutoalrol
`lsjs y jgnohltjrolkfatf l nl lutjroili slaotlrol sjgrf ifs`lrtlij fpoifkojnðho`j quf pfrkotf ifs`lrtlr nl
fabfrkfili j fvfatj.
nl ltfa`oða if fvfatjs sueftjs l vohonla`ol
Bufatf5 Koaostfroj if Plnui. Wfsjnu`oða Koaostfroln A³ 632 -
73<7/KOAPL quf lprufgl Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol A³ 392-KOAPL/IHF

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | <9


R.3<. Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol if Ajtobo`l`oða if Fabfrkfilifs y Fvfatjs
sueftjs l Rohonla`ol Fpoifkojnðho`l fa Plnui Sõgno`l. Nokl5 KOAPL4
73<7.
✐ Nl ifboao`oða if `lsj fs fn oastrukfatj gìso`j plrl nls
l`tovoilifs if rf`jnf``oða if iltjs if vohonla`ol5 if fnnl
ifpfaif nl iftf``oða, nl ajtobo`l`oða y nl `nlsobo`l`oða if
`lsjs.
7.6 YOSJP IF ROHONLA@OL
Kfejrfs kïio`js.
ifn sfrvo`oj if slnui y njs rfhostrjs iolrojs if ltfa`oða l nls
pfrsjals.
✐ Rohonla`ol `fatoafnl ➙ Pf glsl fa nl oabjrkl`oða
prjpjr`ojalil pjr ua hrupj sfnf``ojalij if bufatfs if
ajtobo`l`oða ifn sostfkl if sfrvo`ojs if slnui („uaoilif s
`fatoafnls‛) quf sf `jkprjkftfa l fstuiolr ual kufstrl
prf`ja`fgoil („kufstrl `fatoafnl‛) if oaiovoiujs if ua hrupj
pjgnl`ojaln fspf`ëbo`j fa quofafs sf fvlnõl nl prfsfa`ol if
ua fvfatj if oatfrïs plrl nl vohonla`ol („`jaio`oða `fatoa
`fatoafnl‛).
fnl‛).
✐ Sjr fxtfasoða, fn tïrkoaj „vohonla`ol `fatoafnl‛ sf lpno`l l ual
bjrkl if vohonla`ol sfnf`tovl if topj `jkuaotlroj quf, pjr

Slsovl L`tovl @fatoafnl pfrojijs `jrtjs, rf`jnf`tl iltjs if ual pjgnl`oða fspf`ëbo`l
y hfjhrìbo`lkfatf ifboaoil („sotoj `fatoafnl‛) if fspf`oln
oatfrïs.
7.2 AJYOBO@L@OÐA IF @LPJP
✐ Rohonla`ol plsovl ➙ Fa fstf topj if vohonla`ol, `lil aovfn if
✐ @jasostf, gìso`lkfatf, fa nl if`nlrl`oða jbo`oln if nl
slnui favël oabjrkl`oða fa bjrkl rutoalrol y pfroðio`l sjgrf
j`urrfa`ol if `lil `lsj if ua fvfatj glej vohonla`ol, quf sf
njs fvfatjs sueftjs if vohonla`ol ln aovfn oakfioltj supfrojr.
iftf`tl fa nl pjgnl`oða sfhõa nl ifboao`oða if `lsj vohfatf y
✐ Rohonla`ol l`tovl ➙ Fa fstf topj if vo
vohonla`ol,
honla`ol, fn fquopj if
nl trlaskosoða if njs iltjs rfnl`ojalij
rfnl`ojalijss l `lil `lsj.
slnui l`uif l nl bufatf if oabjrkl`oða plrl rflnozlr ual
✐ Fn favëj rutoalroj if njs bjrkunlrojs ifgf rflnozlrsf lõa plrl
gõsqufil oatfa`ojaln if `lsjs ifn fvfatj sueftj if
lqufnnjs pfrojijs fa quf aj sf mlyla iftf`tlij `lsjs j
vohonla`ol. Fn pfrsjaln if slnui gus`l iorf`tlkfatf njs iltjs
fvfatjs ➙ Ajtobo`l`oða Afhltovl
jgeftj if vohonla`ol, oa`nusj rfvoslaij njs rfhostrjs rutoalroj
rutoalrojs
s

FABFWKFILIFP IF AJYOBO@L@OÐA OAKFIOLYL PFHÕA FN WFHNLKFAYJ PLAOYLWOJ OAYFWAL@OJALN

<. Rorufnl <6. Sfstf Gugðao`l

7. Sjnojkofnotos pjr pjnojvorus slnvlef <2. Sfstf Afukðao`l
0. Hropf Muklal `luslil pjr ua aufvj Pug. <8. Sfstf Pfpto`ïko`l
Yopj if vorus <=. Sfstf @utìafl
9. Pëairjkf rfsporltjroj lhuij sfvfrj <?. Jtrls Bjrkls if Sfstf
6. Sjnojkofnotos lhuil (Slrìnosos bnì`oil lhuil) 73. Kfaoahotos pjr Sfstf
2. Yjs bfroal 7<. Ifahuf
8. Iobtfrol 77. Yobus fxlatfkìto`j
=. Yïtlajs afjaltln 70. Kfaoahotos kfaoahj`ð`o`
kfaoahj`ð`o`l.
l.
?. Plrlkpoða 79. Kufrtf Kltfral
<3. Wugïjnl 76. Hfstlatf Rl`ualil Oalivfrtoilkfatf (HRO)
<<. Bofgrf lklronnl Pfnvìto`l Oakfioltl
<7. Wlgol muklal urglal 72. Fvfatjs sfvfrjs supufstlkfatf ltroguoijs l nl
<0. Wlgol muklal sonvfstrf Rl`ual`oða y/j Oakuaozl`oða (FPLRO)
<9. @lrgua`j (Ìatrlx) 78. @ðnfrl
7=. Grjtf fpoiïko`j

Bufatf5 Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol A³ 392-KOAPL/IHF R.3<. Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol if Ajtobo`l`oða if Fabfrkfilifs y Fvfatjs sueftjs l Rohonla`ol
Fpoifkojnðho`l fa Plnui Sõgno`l. Nokl5 KOAPL4 73<7.

FABFWKFILIFP IF AJYOBO@L@OÐA PFKLALN PFHÕA FN WFHNLKFAYJ PLAOYLWOJ OAYFWAL@OJALN

<. Yïtlajs <=. Pëairjkf if rugïjnl `jahïaotl

7. Mfpltotos G <?. Pëbonos `jahïaotl
0. Nfptjsporjsos 73. Jboioskj
9. Ifahuf soa sfülnfs if lnlrkl 7<. Njxj`fnoskj
6. Ifahuf `ja sfülnfs if lnlrkl 77. Yugfr`unjsos punkjalr `ja `jaborkl`oða gl`tfrojnðho`l
2. Klnlrol pjr S. vovlx 70. Yugfr`unjsos punkjalr soa `jaborkl`oða gl`tfrojnðho`l

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | <6

 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
8. Klnlrol pjr S. bln`oplruk 79. Yugfr`unjsos fxtrlpunkjalr
=. Klnlrol pjr S. klnlrolf 76. Kfaoahotos tugfr`unjsl fa kfajrfs if 6 lüjs
?. Fabfrkfili if @lrroða lhuil. 72. Yugfr`unjsos lglaijaj rf`upfrlij
<3. Fabfrkfili if @lrroða fruptovl 78. Yugfr`unjsos rf`lëil
<<. Nfosmklaojsos `utìafl 7=. Yugfr`unjsos Kuntoirjhj rfsostfatf (YG KIW)
<7. Nfosmklaojsos ku`j`utìafl 7?. Yugfr`unjsos kjajrrfsostfatf
kjajrrfsostfatf
<0. Fabfrkfili if @mlhls (Yroplajsjkolsos)
(Yroplajsjkolsos) 03. Yugfr`unjsos pjnorfsostfatf
pjnorfsostfatf
<9. Oabnufazl 0<. Yugfr`unjsos Fxtfaslkfatf Wfsostfatf
<6. Kufrtf Bftln /Kufrtf Afjaltln
<2. Oabf``ojafs Wfsporltjrols Lhuils, Afukjaëls y PJG/LPKL Pfklaln
<8. Fabfrkfilifs iolrrfo`ls lhuils Pfklaln

Bufatf5 Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol A³ 392-KOAPL/IHF R.3<. Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol if Ajtobo`l`oða if Fabfrkfilifs y Fvfa tjs sueftjs l Rohonla`ol
Fpoifkojnðho`l fa Plnui Sõgno`l. Nokl5 KOAPL4 73<7.

FABFWKFILIFP IF AJYOBO@L@OÐA KFAPVLN PFHÕA FN WFHNLKFAYJ PLAOYLWOJ OAYFWAL@OJALN

<. Oabf``oða pjr ROM 9. Oabf``ojafs Oatrlmjspotlnlr

Oatrlmjspotlnlrols
ols
7. POIL 6. @ìa`fr
0. Nfsojafs pjr L``oifatfs if Yrìasotj
Bufatf5 Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol A³ 392-KOAPL/IHF R.3<. Iorf`tovl Plaotlrol if Ajtobo`l`oða if Fabfrkfilifs y Fvfatjs sueftjs l Rohonla`ol
Fpoifkojnðho`l fa Plnui Sõgno`l. Nokl5 KOAPL4 73<7.

VA ILYJ OKSJWYLAYF5 if 03 iëls, mfkjnozlils, `jatlkoalils j kln `jasfrvlils) y fa njs

Yjij `lsj if tugfr`unjsos ]IW y tugfr`unjsos fa pfrsjaln if slnui, quf sf ifkufstrf fn afxj fpoifkojnðho`j
fpoifkojnðho`j..
ifgfrì sfr ajtobo`lij if klafrl oakfioltl, glej nl ifboao`oða if I. @lsj ifs`lrtlij if Plrlkpoða-Wugïjnl5
fvfatjs if okpjrtla`ol plrl nl slnui põgno`l (FROPLS) Yjij `lsj sjspf`mjsj sf ifs`lrtlrì if nl sohuofatf klafrl5
• Plrlkpoða5 so fn rfsuntlij OhK fs afhltovj pjr kïtjij if
FNOPL oaiorf`tj.
LNHVAJP FEFKSNJP IF IFBOAO@OJAFP IF @LPJP IF
• Wugïjnl5 so fn rfsuntlij OhK fs afhltovj pjr kïtjij if
FABFWKFILIFP PVEFYLP L AJYOBO@L@OÐA
FNOPL oaiorf`tj.

PLWLKSOÐA ‐ WVGFJNL F. @lsj okpjrtlij if Plrlkpoða5

@lsj sjspf`mjsj if Plrlkpoða-Wugïjnl5 Fs ua `lsj `jaborklij if slrlkpoða pjr nlgjrltjroj, fa ual

pfrsjal quf voleð l jtrj plës (fatrf 8 y <= iëls latfs if nl lplro`oða
Yjil pfrsjal if `ulnquofr fili, if quofa ua trlglelijr if slnui
if nl frup`oða) ijaif `or`unl fn vorus ifn slrlkpoða.
sjspf`ml quf tofaf slrlkpoða j rugïjnl j tjij `lsj quf prfsfatf
B. @lsj lsj`olij l nl vl`ual5
bofgrf y frup`oða fxlatfkìto`l kì`unj plpunlr hfafrlnozlil. AJ
Fs tjij `lsj sjspf`mjsj if slrlkpoða `jaborklij pjr nlgjrltjroj
vfso`unlr.
y quf tofaf `jkj latf`fifatf mlgfr rf`ogoij vl`ual
@lsj `jaborklij if Plrlkpoða-Wugïjnl5
Yjij `lsj sjspf`mjsj sf `jaborklrì if nl sohuofatf klafrl5 latoslrlkpojajsl fatrf 8 y <= iëls latfs if nl frup`oða. Fst f
latf`fifatf ifgf sfr vfrobo`lij `ja fn `lraï j l trlvïs if njs
L. Sjr nlgjrltjroj
nlgjrltjroj55
rfhostrjs ifn fstlgnf`okofatj if slnui.
• Fs Plrlkpoða5 Po fn rfsuntlij fs OhK (+) pjr fn kïtjij if
FNOPL oaiorf`tj.
SLWÌNOPOP BNÌ@OIL LHVIL / SJNOJKOFNOYOP LHVIL
• Fs Wugïjnl5 Po fn rfsuntlij fs OhK (+) pjr fn kïtjij if
@jatl`tj if `lsj `jaborklij5 Fs lqufnnl pfrsjal quf ml tfaoij
FNOPL oaiorf`tj.
`jatl`tj `ja ua pl`ofatf `jaborklij if pjnojkofnotos ifatrj if njs
G. Sjr afxj fpoifkojnðho`j5
fpoifkojnðho`j5
93 iëls prfvojs y 03 iëls ifspuïs l nl bf`ml if oao`oj ifn iïbo`ot
• Fs slrlkpoða5 so fn `lsj sjspf`mjsj tuvj `jatl`tj `ja
kjtjr fa fn `lsj.
ua `lsj `jaborklij pjr nlgjrltjroj if slrlkpoða.
Ifboao`ojafs if `lsj
• Fs rugïjnl5 so fn `lsj sjspf`mjsj tuvj `jatl`tj `ja ua
@lsj prjglgnf if pjnojkofnotos
`lsj `jaborklij pjr nlgjrltjroj if rugïjnl.
Fs ual plrìnosos lhuil (SBL) fa tjij kfajr if <6 lüjs quf
@. Sjr `nëao`l5
Va `lsj sjnj pufif `nlsobo`lr `jkj tln, nufhj if lkpnolr nl prfsfatf `ulirj `nëao`j `lrl`tfrozlij pjr ioskoau`oða j pïrioil if
oavfstohl`oða `nëao`l fpoifkojnðho`l. Pf oa`nuyfa lquë l njs `lsjs nl bufrzl kus`unlr (plrfsol ð plrìnosos) y ifn tjaj kus`unlr

quf aj tofafa kufstrl plrl sfrjnjhël j kufstrls oalif`ulils (1

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | <2

 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
(mopjtjaël ð bnl`oifz) fa ual j kìs if sus fxtrfkoilifs, if F. Brl`lsj Yfrlpïuto`j if nl Klnlrol5
oastlnl`oða rìpoil (0 l 9 iëls) y if jrohfa aj trlukìto`j. Sl`ofatf `ja iolhaðsto`j `jaborklij if klnlrol, aj `jkpno`lil, soa
sëatjkls quf oaioqufa jtrl fabfrkfili `ja`jkotlatf, quofa yl ml
@nlsobo`l`oða if `lsj oahfroij nl ijsos `jrrf`tl if latoklnìro`js, pfrj prfsfatl iftfrojrj
Yjij `lsj ifgf boalnkfatf sfr `nlsobo`lij fa ual if nls `ltfhjrëls `nëao`j j rf`urrfa`ol if njs sëatjkls ifatrj if njs <9 iëls
sohuofatfs5 sohuofatfs ifsif fn oao`oj fn trltlkofatj, fa `jkgoal`oða `ja fn
L. @lsj `jaborklij if pjnojkofnotos mlnnlzhj if plrlsotfkol (bjrkls lsfxulils).
@ja kufstrl5
Sjr nlgjrltjroj5 Yjij `lsj if plrìnosos bnì`oil lhuil (SBL) fa fn IFAHVF
`uln sf lësnl fn pjnojvorus fa kufstrl if mf`fs ifn pl`ofatf y `ja Ifboao`ojafs if `lsjs5
plrìnosos rfsoiuln. L. @lsj prjglgnf if ifahuf soa sohajs if lnlrkl)5
Poa kufstrl5 Yjil pfrsjal `ja bofgrf kfajr j ohuln l 8 iëls if fvjnu`oða, quf
• @nëao`j - fpoifkojnðho
fpoifkojnðho`j5
`j5 Yjij `lsj if SBL quf ml tfaoij rfsoif j ml vosotlij ìrfls if trlaskosoða if ifahuf j `ja
ua sfhuokofatj pfroðio`j pjr 2 kfsfs (03 iëls, 23 iëls, ?3 iëls, oabfstl`oða ifn vf`tjr Lfifs lfhypto, <9 iëls latfs ifn oao`oj if njs
<73 iëls y <=3 iëls) y `ja plrìnosos rfsoiuln, fa fn quf nl @jkosoða sëatjkls y quf prfsfatl ln kfaos ijs i f nls sohuofatfs
Al`ojaln Wfvosjrl if `lsjs if SBL fa`ufatrl `rotfrojs `nëao`j- klaobfstl`ojafs5
fpoifkojnðho`jss if pjnojkofnoto
fpoifkojnðho`j pjnojkofnotos,
s, y aj oifatobo`l jtrl ftojnjhël. • Ijnjr j`unlr j rftrj-j`unlr
• Sjr afxj fpoifkojnðho`j5 Yjij `lsj if SBL quf ml • Kolnhols
tfaoij `jatl`tj 03 iëls latfs ifn oao`oj if nl plrìnosos if ua `lsj • @fblnfl
`jaborklij pjr nlgjrltjroj y quf prfsfatl p lrìnosos rfsoiuln. • Lrtrlnhol
G. @lsj `jaborklij if pjnojkofnotos plrlnëto`l lsj`olij l nl • Ijnjr nukglr
vl`ual SSLR) • Wlsm/fxlatfkl (frup`oða `utìafl)
• @lsj fa rf`fptjr if vl`ual5 Yjij `lsj if SBL quf ml • Aìusfls/vðkotjs
rf`ogoij nl vl`ual if latopjnoj jrln (LSJ) fatrf 9 l 93 iëls latfs G. @lsj ifahuf `ja sohajs if lnlrkl5
ifn oao`oj if nl plrìnosos y fa quoïa sf lësnl fn pjnojvorus vl`ualn y @lsj prjglgnf if ifahuf soa sohajs if lnlrkl quf prfsfatl uaj j
quf prfsfatl plrìnosos rfsoiuln. kìs if nls sohuofatfs klaobfstl`ojafs5
• @lsj `jatl`tj ifn rf`fptjr if vl`ual5 Yjij `lsj if SBL • Ijnjr lgijkoaln oatfasj y `jatoauj.
quf tuvj `jatl`tj `ja ua vl`ualij `ja LSJ fatrf 9 y =6 iëls latfs • Ijnjr tjrì`o`j j iosafl
ifn oao`oj if nl plrìnosos, fa quoïa sf lësnl fn pjnojvorus vl`ualn y quf • Ifrrlkf sfrjsj ln fxlkfa `nëao`j j pjr fstuioj if
prfsfatl plrìnosos rfsoiuln. okìhfafs
@. @lsj ifs`lrtlij if pjnojkofnotos • Rðkotjs pfrsostfatfs
Yjij `lsj prjglgnf SBL)5 • Ioskoau`oða grus`l if tfkpfrlturl j mopjtfrkol
• @ja kufstrl lif`ulil if mf`fs, `ja rfsuntlij afhltovj • Plahrlij if ku`jsli (hoahovjrrlhol,
(hoahovjrrlhol, fpostlxos,
plrl pjnojvorus y soa plrìnosos rfsoiuln. kftrjrrlhol f mopfrkfajrr
mopfrkfajrrfl)
fl)
• Ioskoau`oða if nl iourfsos (ioskoau`oða ifn vjnukfa
KLNLWOL uroalroj)

L. @lsj Srjglgnf if Klnlrol5 • If`lokofatj fx`fsovj j nopjtokol

Yjil pfrsjal `ja bofgrf, fs`lnjbrëjs y klnfstlr hfafrln, `ja • Fstlij kfatln lntfrlij (sjkajnfa`ol,
(sjkajnfa`ol, oaquoftui,
latf`fifatfs if fxpjso`oða, prj`fifa`ol (ð rfsoifa`ol) fa ìrfls orrotlgonoili,, `javunsoða j Hnlshjw kfajr if <6)
orrotlgonoili
faiïko`ls if trlaskosoða if nl klnlrol. • Mfpltjkfhlnol 7 `k
G. @lsj @jaborklij if klnlrol5 • Lukfatj prjhrfsovj ifn mfkltj`rotj
Yjil pfrsjal ajtobo`lil `jkj `lsj prjglgnf kìs fn mlnnlzhj ifn @. @lsj ifahuf hrlvf5
plrìsotj pjr hjtl hrufsl j pjr `ulnquofr jtrj kïtjij if iolhaðsto`j Yjij `lsj prjglgnf if ifahuf `ja j soa sohajs if lnlrkl quf
if nlgjrltjroj. prfsfatl pjr nj kfajr uaj if njs sohuofatfs sohajs5
@. @lsj @jaborklij if Klnlrol @jkpno`lil5
@jkpno`lil5 • Pohaj j sohajs if `mjquf mopjvjnïko`j
Yjij `lsj `jaborklij quf prfsfatl uaj j kìs if njs sohuofatfs • Plahrlij hrlvf, sfhõa `rotfroj `nëao`j
sohajs if lnlrkl5 Iftfrojrj ifn fstlij if `ja`ofa`ol, lafkol • Pëairjkf if iobo`untli rfsporltjrol pjr fxtrlvlsl`oða
sfvfrl, plrlsotfkol fnfvlil, sohajs if oasubo`ofa`ol losnlil (ð okpjrtlatf if pnlskl
lsj`olil) if topj rfaln, `lriojvls`unlr, mfpìto`l, punkjalr quf • @jkprjkosj hrlvf if ðrhajs (fa`fblnotos, mfptotos,
rfquofrf oakfioltl mjspotlnozl
mjspotlnozl`oða
`oða y trltlkofatj fspf`olnozlij. koj`lriotos)
I. Kufrtf pjr Klnlrol @jaborklil5 I. @lsj `jaborklij if ifahuf5
Kufrtf if ua pl`ofatf `ja sëatjkls y/j sohajs if Kl nlrol Yjij `lsj prjglgnf if ifahuf quf `ukpnl `ulnquofrl if njs
`jkpno`lil y `jaborklil pjr nlgjrltjroj. sohuofatfs `rotfrojs5

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | <8

 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
• Losnlkofatj vorln pjr `untovj `fnunlr
• qWY-S@W.
• FNOPL Latëhfaj AP<.
• Iftf``oða if lato`ufrpjs OhK plrl ifahuf fa ual sjnl
kufstrl kfiolatf FNOPL, plrl zjals faiïko`ls l ifahuf.
• Fvoifa`ol if sfrj`javfrsoða fa OhK fa kufstrls
plrflils, nl sfhuail kufstrl ifgfrì sfr tjklil ifspuïs if <9
iëls ifn oao`oj if sëatjkls, plrl zjals ijaif aj mly trlaskosoða
if ifahuf (fstjs `lsjs ifgfa tfafr ual oavfstohl`oða
fpoifkojnðho`l).
I. @lsj `jaborklij if ifahuf pjr afxj fpoifkojnðho`j
Pjnj fa sotul`oða if grjtf ijaif sf ml `jkprjglij nl `or`unl`oða
ifn vorus. Yjij `lsj prjglgnf quf aj iospjaf if ual kufstrl plrl
iolhaðsto`j if nlgjrltjroj y quf rfsoif `fr`l j ml tfaoij `jatl`tj
`ja ual j kìs pfrsjals, quf tofafa j mla tfaoij nl fabfrkfili.
].
Njs `lsjs if ifahuf `ja sohajs if lnlrkl y ifahuf hrlvf ifgfa
`jatlr `ja bo`ml fpoifkojnðho`l y kufstrl if nlgjrltjroj.
F. @lsj ifs`lrtlij if ifahuf5
Yjij `lsj prjglgnf if ifahuf quf `ukpnf LNHVAJ if njs
sohuofatfs `rotfrojs5
• Wfsuntlij afhltovj if qWY-S@W fa ual sjnl kufstrl `ja
tofkpj if fabfrkfili kfajr ohuln if 6 iëls
Bufatf5 Kjiobo`lij l plrtor if Glso` fpoifkojnjhy. Xjrni Mflntm Jrhlaozltoja4 7332.
SFWOJIJP
Sfrëjij prf-pltjhïao`j
✐ Blsf fa nl quf aj sf ml oao`olij lõa nl fabfrkfili.
✐ Pf il prfvoj ln oao`oj if nl fabfrkfili, fn sfr vovj aj prfsfatl
klaobfstl`ojafs `nëao`ls, ao `lkgojs `fnunlrfs, tosunlrfs u
jrhìao`js.
✐ Fstì `jabjrklij pjr nls `jaio`ojafs ifn muïspfi, fn lhfatf y fn
kfioj lkgofatf.
Sfrëjij pltjhïao`j
✐ Kufstrl njs `lkgojs quf sf prfsfatla fa fn muïspfi ual vfz
rflnozlij ua fstëkunj fbf`tovj.
✐ Nl fabfrkfili `jkofazl l klaobfstlrsf.
✐ Sufif sugiovoiorsf fa ijs ftlpls5
j
Sfrëjij Pug`nëao`j j if Oa`ugl`oða j if nltfa`ol.
j Sfrëjij `nëao`j.
AORFNFP IF SWFRFA@OÐA
www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk
• Wfsuntlij afhltovj if OhK fa ual sjnl kufstrl `ja
tofkpj if fabfrkfili klyjr if <3 iëls.
• Wfsuntlij afhltovj OhK fa kufstrls plrflils, nl
sfhuail kufstrl ifgfrì sfr tjklil ifspuïs if <9 iëls ifn oao`oj
if sëatjkls.
• @lsj prjglgnf soa kufstrl y soa afxj fpoifkojnðho`j sf
ifs`lrtl.
• Oifatobo`l`oða pjr nlgjrltjroj if jtrj lhfatf `lusln.
Yjklij if5 @jkpfaioj if Ifboao`ojafs if @lsjs if Iorf``oða
Hfafrln if Fpoifkojnjhël. Fabfrkfilifs y Ilüjs Pueftjs l
Rohonla`ol Fpoifkojnðho`l
Huël Yï`ao`l5 „Huël if Srì`to`l @nëao`l plrl nl Ltfa`oða if @lsjs
if Ifahuf fa fn Sfrõ‛ (WK A³ 38<-73<8/KOAPL)
MOPYJWOL ALYVWLN IF NL FABFWKFILI _
AORFNFP IF SWFRFA@OÐA
Mostjrol alturln if nl fabfrkfili sf rfbofrf ln `ursj if ual
fabfrkfili fa ua oaiovoiuj, ifsif fn oao`oj mlstl nl rfsjnu`oða, fa
lusfa`ol if oatfrvfa`oða.
✐ Nl prfvfa`oða sf ifboaf, sfhõa nl JKP, `jkj nls kfioils
ifstoalils aj sjnlkfatf l prfvfaor nl lplro`oða if nl fabfrkfili,
tlnfs `jkj nl rfiu``oða if bl`tjrfs if rofshj, soaj tlkgoïa l
iftfafr su lvla`f y ltfaulr sus `jasf`ufa`ols ual vfz
fstlgnf`oil.
✐ Nls l`tovoilifs prfvfatovls sf pufifa `nlsobo`lr fa trfs aovfnfs5
Srfvfa`oða proklrol
✐ Pja kfioils jrofatlils l fvotlr nl lplro`oða if ual fabfrkfili
j prjgnfkl if slnui kfiolatf fn `jatrjn if njs bl`tjrfs `luslnfs
y njs bl`tjrfs prfiospjafatfs j `jaio`ojalatfs
✐ Nl prfvfa`oða proklrol okpno`l ijs fstrltfhols, l kfauij
`jkpnfkfatlrols, y quf boela ijs puatjs if vostl sjgrf nl ftojnjhël5
• Fstrltfhol pjgnl`ojaln5 Pf fabj`l fa tjil nl pjgnl`oða `ja
jgeftj if rfiu`or fn rofshj kfioj.
• Fstrltfhol if hrupj if rofshj5 Pf fabj`l sjgrf nls pfrsjals
`uyj rofshj if fabfrkfili fs lntj pjr fxpjso`ojafs
plrto`unlrfs.
Sìhoal | <=
 Kfejrfs kïio`js.
✐ Jgeftovj5 Ioskoauor nl oa`oifa`ol if nl fabfrkfili. ✐ Jgeftovj5 Wfiu`or nl prfvlnfa`ol if nl fabfrkfili.
✐ Fefkpnjs5 Vsj if `jaijafs plrl nl prfvfa`oða ifn ROM y jtrls ✐ Fefkpnjs5 @otjnjhël `frvo`ln, klkjhrlbël, trltlkofatj if nl
fabfrkfilifs if trlaskosoða sfxuln, ijal`oða if lhuel s l mopfrtfasoða lrtfroln fa sus fstliojs oao`olnfs rflnozlaij ua `jatrjn
usulrojs if irjhls plrl nl prfvfa`oða ifn ROM y nl mfpltotos, pfroðio`j y sfhuokofatj ifn pl`ofatf, plrl kjaotjrflr nl fvjnu`oða
prjhrlkls fiu`ltovjs plrl fasfülr `ðkj sf trlskotf y `ðkj sf y iftf`tlr l tofkpj pjsognfs sf`ufnls.
sf`ufnls.
prfvofaf fn ifahuf, prjmogo`oða if nl vfatl if gfgoils ln`jmðno`ls Srfvfa`oða tfr`olrol
l kfajrfs if fili. ✐ @jasostf fa kfioils fa`lkoalils l rfiu`or sf`ufnls y
Srfvfa`oða sf`uailrol ios`lpl`oilifs, koaokozlr njs subrokofatjs `luslijs pjr nl
✐ Ifstoalil ln iolhaðsto`j prf`jz if nl fabfrkfili oa`opofatf (soa pïrioil if nl slnui y bl`onotlr nl lilptl`oða if njs pl`ofatfs l
klaobfstl`ojafs `nëao`ls). `ulirjs oa`urlgnfs y `jatroguor l prfvfaor j l rfiu`or ln kìxokj,
✐ @jkprfaif l``ojafs fa `jasf`ufa`ol if iolhaðsto`j prf`jz y nls rf`oiovls if nl fabfrkfili.
trltlkofatj jpjrtuaj5 Fxlkfa kïio`j pfroðio`j y nl gõsqufil if ✐ L``ojafs jrofatlils
jrofatlils l nokotlr nl
nl oa`lpl`oili y rfmlgonotlr
rfmlgonotlr..
`lsjs (Srufgls if P`rffaoah). ✐ Pja buailkfatlnfs fn `jatrjn y sfhuokofatj ifn pl`ofatf, plrl
✐ Pohaobo`l nl gõsqufil fa sueftjs „lplrfatfkfatf slajs‛ if lpno`lr fn trltlkofatj y nls kfioils if rfmlgonotl`oða
fabfrkfilifs nj kìs prf`jzkfatf pjsognf. jpjrtualkfatf.
✐ Pufnf lpno`lrsf l fabfrkfilifs `uyl mostjrol alturln `jkprfaif ✐ Jgeftovj5 Wfiu`or fn prjhrfsj j nls `jkpno`l`ojafs if ual
ua pfrëjij prf`jz fa fn quf sja bì`onfs if iolhajsto`lr y trltlr, fabfrkfili yl fstlgnf`oil.
lifkìs, pufif iftfafrsf su prjhrfsoða ml`ol ua fstlioj kìs ✐ Fefkpnjs5 Wfmlgonotl`oða if njs pl`ofatfs `ja pjnojkofnotos,
hrlvf. l``oifatfs `frfgrjvls`unlrfs,
`frfgrjvls`unlrfs, nfsojafs, `fhufrls.

www.vonnlkfio`hrjup.`jk Sìhoal | <?