Laws of Motion Solutions

Chapter 5
Laws of Motion
Solutions
SECTION - A
1. Answer (2)
T1 = 7g
T2 = 5g
T1 : T2 = 7 : 5
2. Answer (4)
kx = 1 × 1 = 1 N
5 1
a(2kg) = (5 – kx)   2 m/s2
2
3. Answer (2)
If Fapp < fLim
then Fr = Fapp = 5 N
4. Answer (2)
N = mg – Fcos
Fsin = .N (At equilibrium)
Fsin = (mg – Fcos)
F(sin +  cos) = mg
mg
F
(sin    cos )
5. Answer (1)
F = 0
6. Answer (3)
.5 g = 3 g
 = 0.6
7. Answer (2)
F = 50
50
F  100 N
0.5
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72 Laws of Motion Solutions of Assignment
8. Answer (4)
v  Rg  0.5  9.8  10  49 m/s

9. Answer (1)
v2
tan  
Rg
102
 tan   1
10  10

 
4
10. Answer (2)
vdm
F  42  8 N
dt
11. Answer (2)

p = (3t2 + 2t + 1)
dp
F  6t  2
dt
F(t = 3s) = (6 × 3 + 2) = 20 N
12. Answer (2)
2m1m2 g 2  3  6  10
T    40 N
m1  m2 (3  6)
13. Answer (1)

| p |  m | (v 2  v1 ) |
= 2 |10 – (–10)|
= 40 N s
14. Answer (3)
Fthrust – mg = ma
dm
u  mg
dt  800  20  2
a    10  6 m/s
m  1000 
15. Answer (4)
 tan     (1  0.2) 12
v max  Rg    20  10   200   10 3 m/s
 1   tan   (1  0.2) 8
SECTION - B
1. Answer (3)
1 2
m v   mv   0, mv   E
2
2. Answer (1)
3. Answer (2)
4. Answer (2)
Solutions of Assignment Laws of Motion 73
5. Answer (1)
F <mg
6. Answer (4)
7. Answer (2)
8. Answer (4)
 7
F  0.5    7  35 g
 35 
 k  7 g
 a
35
9. Answer (1)
F
T  L  x 
L
10. Answer (2)
11. Answer (3)
v2
tan  
rg
12. Answer (3)
13. Answer (3)
14. Answer (1)
mg = ky
15. Answer (1)
udM
F 
dt
V = volume
 = density of water
dV dV
F  u Au =
dt dt
2
  dV 
F 
A  dt 
16. Answer (2)
l sin 
T  2
g
17. Answer (2)
2m1m2
T  g  a
m1  m2
18. Answer (2)
19. Answer (1)
m(v2 – v1) = Ft
20. Answer (2)
30° < tan–1(1)
21. Answer (2)
N cos = mg
N sin = mr2, r = R sin
22. Answer (3)

2  mg
  mg  
3  3
23. Answer (1)
10
P2 – P1   F dt
0
24. Answer (2)

Pi = Pf
25. Answer (3)

v2 + v2 – 2v2 cos  = v2  
3
r 3v t
Again t   r 
3v 
v2 v
a  ac  
r 3 t
26. Answer (4)

dp
F , F. P  0
dt
27. Answer (2)
 Fdt = Change in momentum.
28. Answer (1)
T T
 
Mg
T = Mg
2T cos  = Mg
M
 cos 
2m
29. Answer (2)
30. Answer (2)
1
S a t2
2 rel
31. Answer (1)
32. Answer (4)
dy

dx
33. Answer (2)
34. Answer (1)
30 – 2g = 2a1
4g – 30 = 4a2
35. Answer (4)
g = r2
SECTION - C
1. Answer (3)
From the frame of truck
T 
Tsin = ma fp = ma
Tcos = mg 
mg
a
tan  =
g
a
  tan1  
g
2. Answer (4)
Since body does not move hence it is in equilibrium.
fr = frictional force which is less than or equal to limiting friction.
Now N = mg N

Hence F  N  fr F

F   mg   (mg )2
2
F
fr
F  mg 1  2 
mg
3. Answer (3)
As forces are forming closed loop in same order P

So, F net  0

dv
 m 0
dt

 v  constant R Q
4. Answer (3)
fL
2
N mr
mg
For equilibrium of the block limiting friction

fL  mg
 N  mg
 mr2  mg
g

r
g
min 
r
10
min  = 10 rad/s
0.1 1
5. Answer (3)
Coefficient of sliding friction has no dimension
f
f = sN  s 
N
6. Answer (3)
N cos

ma N sin
(pseudo) 
mg  a
In non-inertial frame,
N sin = ma ...(i)
N cos = mg ...(ii)
a
tan  
g
a = g tan 
7. Answer (1)
 mv 2 
Centripetal force   is provided by tension so the net force will be equal to tension i.e., T.
 l 
8. Answer (1)

| J |  | P2  P1 |  2mV cos   mV
9. Answer (3)
Ncos
N
Nsin 
fLcos

fL
mg

Vertical equilibrium
Ncos  = mg + fLsin 
 mg = Ncos  – fLsin  …(1)
Horizontal equilibrium
mv 2
Nsin  + fLcos  …(2)
R
Eqn(2) v 2 sin   s cos 


Eqn(1) Rg cos   s sin 
sin   s cos 
 v  Rg cos    sin 
s
tan   s
 Rg
1  s tan 
10. Answer (3)
Static coefficient of friction, s = tan 30°
1 1
s = =  s = 0.6
3 1.7
2s
For kinetic friction, a = = g sin 30º – k cos 30°
t2
k = 0.5
11. Answer (2)
m(nv )2 2mv 2
F 
r r
2
n2 = 4
n=2
12. Answer (3)
13. Answer (4)
14. Answer (3)
m1g – T = m1a ...(i)
T – (m2 + m3)g = (m2 + m3)a ...(ii)
Solve (i) & (ii) for a
15. Answer (3)
8
P   Fdt
0
So area of F – t curve will give change in momentum.
1
P   2  6  (2  3)  4  3  12 Ns
2
16. Answer (1)
17. Answer (2)

For first half
s
2g sin    =
s/2
v= sg sin 
2
for second half

0
2
s/
s V2
= (a is retardation) 
2 2a
s sg sin 
Or, =
2 2  g sin    g cos  
Solving this
 = 2 tan 
18. Answer (4)
a=0 F T1 T2
Using Fnet = Mtotala m 2m 3m

F – (m + 2m + 3m) = 0 T1 T2 mg
F=6m
T1 = F, T2 = T1 since a = 0
Hence net force on 2m will be T1 – T2 = 0
19. Answer (1)
1(12)
Using momentum conservation
m(4) = (12)2  (16)2

2(8)
4m = 20
m = 5 kg m (4)
20. Answer (4)
v2
tan =
rg
v2
tan 45°=
90 (10)
v = 30 m/s
21. Answer (4)
v2
tan  = s =
Rg
 vmax.= s Rg
22. Answer (4)
T = mg + ma
= m (g + a)
= 1000 (10 + 1) = 11000 N
23. Answer (4)
Impulse = change in momentum
= Mv – (– Mv) = 2Mv
24. Answer (2)
v2 – u2 = 2as
(2)2 – 0 = 2 (0.5 × 10)s
4
 s= = 0.4 m
10
25. Answer (3) N
 mg (m)
m N
g (Pseudo force)

 mg
26. Answer (3)

27. Answer (3)
28. Answer (1)
Fnet = ma
28000 – 2000 g = 2000 a
8000
a = = 4 m/s2 upwards
2000
29. Answer (2)
vdM
F= = vM
dt
30. Answer (2)
To have the resultant force only along the y-direction
 Component of forces along x-axis should be zero
4 sin 30° – 1 cos 60° – 2 cos 60° = x
x = 0.5 N
31. Answer (2)
mv 2
= mg
r
 v = 20  10
= 10 2  14.1 m/s
32. Answer (2)
v = u – at
v =0
v
t =
g
33. Answer (2)
34. Answer (1) x dx

M
dm = dx
L
L
L 2
 dF = 0 dM  x [ ∵ F = M2r]
L
M 2
F =
L
 x dx
0
M 2  L2 
=  
L 2
M 2L
=
2
35. Answer (2)
h ' h
 100 = 100  h' = 2h
h
mv1 = m 2gh
mv2 = m 2g (2h) = 2 mv1
2 mv1  mv1
change% = 100 = 41%
mv1
36. Answer (3)

Using momentum conservation, mviˆ  3m (2v ) ˆj = 4m v
 1 ˆ 3 ˆ
v = vi  vj
4 2
37. Answer (2)
Fnet = 0 to move with constant velocity
F+F=0
F = – 10 N
38. Answer (3)
mg sin = mg cos
where  = 90 – 30° = 60°
tan  = 
= 3
39. Answer (3)
F = ma – Fp
where Fp is pseudo force
40. Answer (3)
10
Bullet shots per second = =2
5
10
0 = 10 × (800) + 100 V  V = – 0.8 m/s
1000
F = n mV
(10)
= 2  800 = 16 N
1000
41. Answer (2)
vdm
F=
dt
= 60 × 103 × (1)
= 60000 N
42. Answer (4)
F  v .v  v 2
a= = =
M M M
43. Answer (1)
(0.2)5
v= = 1 m/s
1
44. Answer (3)
F 10
m= = = 10 kg
a 1
45. Answer (2)

6
a= = 6 m/s2
1
v = at
v 30
 t = = =5s
a 6
46. Answer (2)
47. Answer (2)
m = 5000 kg v = 800 m/s a = 20 m/s2
dm  dm 
v  mg 800    50000
dt  dt 
a= = =2
m 5000
dm
 = 187.5 kg/s
dt
48. Answer (4)
When bullet leaves the barrel, force becomes zero
F = 600 – 2 × 105t = 0
600
t = = 3 × 10–3 s
2 105
3  103
I =  Fdt =  (600  2  105 t ) dt
0
3  103
 105 t 2 
600 t  2   = 1.8 – 0.9 = 0.9 N.s
 2  0
49. Answer (3)
2
mv max.
Tmax. = 25 =
R
2
vmax. = 196
vmax. = 14 m/s
50. Answer (3) T1 a
T1 = mg + ma
T2 = mg – ma mg
T1 9.8  4.9 3 T2
T2 = 9.8  4.9 = 1 a
51. Answer (3)
vdm
F=
dt
dm F 210
= = = 0.7 kg/s
dt v 300
52. Answer (1)
mv 2 500(10)2
Fc = = = 1000 N
r 50
53. Answer (2)
 m1  m2  g
a = m  m  g =
 1 2  3
54. Answer (3)
v = u – g(t) = 50 m/s
400 600
So, 1 (50) = (25) + v
1000 1000
v = 100 m/s 
55. Answer (3)
Height is same and friction is absent so using mechanical energy conservation both will reach with the same
speed.
1
mgh = mv 2
2
56. Answer (1)
p 2(3)(10)sin 60 3
F= = = 300 = 150 3 N
t 0.2 2
57. Answer (2)
150
0 (20)
p 1000
F= = = 30 N
t 0.1
58. Answer (1)
fL = 0.6 × 1 g = 6 N
Now, Fnet = 1 (5) = 5 N
 Only static friction is acting on it.
59. Answer (2)

F = 6t2 iˆ + 4t ĵ
mdv
= 6t2 iˆ + 4 tˆ ĵ
dt
mdv = 6t2 dt iˆ + 4tdt. ĵ
Integrating both sides

t 3
m (v  u ) =  2t 3 iˆ  2t 2 ˆj  t 0
given u = 0, m = 3 kg
v = 18iˆ  6 jˆ
60. Answer (2)

F  fk 100  (0.5)(10) (10) 50
a = = = = 5 m/s2
m 10 10
61. Answer (2)
T = m(g + a)
= 1000 (9.8 + 1)
= 10800 N
62. Answer (4)
Tmax. – mg = ma
250 – 20g = 20a
a = 2.5 m/s2
63. Answer (4)
Wapp = m(g + a)
= 80 (10 + 5)
N
= 1200 N
64. Answer (4) T
T < fr fr A T
MBg < S (2) (g) B
MB < (0.2) (g)
MB < 0.4 kg
mAg mBg
65. Answer (4) a

mg sin = ma cos ma cos N
 a = g tan ma

N = ma sin + mg cos
mg sin
mg sin2  mg masin
N= + mg cos = 
cos  cos 
66. Answer (4)
T cos  = mg ... (i) T
mv 2
T sin  = ... (ii)
r mg
v2 10 10
Divide both equations, tan  = =  = 45°
rg 10 10
67. Answer (3)

1
Using momentum conservation, 0 = 0.5 (2) + 50 V  V = m/s
50
Time taken by stone to reach the ground
S = ut
10 = 2(t) t = 5 second
 1 
Distance covered by man upwards will be S =   5 = 0.1 m
 50 
Total height above the ground = 10 + 0.1 = 10.1 m
SECTION - D
1. Answer (4)
mg > Fext
2. Answer (4)
3. Answer (3)
B
E
A
C
S
  
mC vC  mA v A  mB v B
4. Answer (3)
For m2 and m3
 2m2 m3 
T  g
 m2  m3 
m1g  2m2 m3 
 g
2  m2  m3 
5. Answer (2)
A
N
mA
mg 
A = g tan 
N = mAsin + mgcos
6. Answer (1)
2
v2 
   at 
2
a 
 r
 
7. Answer (4)
F  m  M  g
a
mM
For M, T – Mg = Ma
8. Answer (3)
ma = kx
3a = 15
a = 5 m s–2
9. Answer (4)
T = 2mgcos
10. Answer (1)
K
L
L
37°
K Mg cos   Mg sin 
15
K
16
11. Answer (3)
 T v

mgcos
gl
mv 2
T  mg cos  
l
1 1
mv 2  mgl 1  cos    m( gl )2
2 2
T = mg, v  gl / 3
12. Answer (3)

From work and energy theorem for entire motion
1 1
mv12  mv 2  RH  RH
2 2
1
For upward motion, 0  mv 2  mgH  RH
2
13. Answer (3)
T1 sin30° = T2 sin60°
1 3
T1   T2
2 2
T1  T2 3  (i)
4  5  10  10 400
T1 cos 30  T2 cos 60  
15 3
3 T2 400
T1  
2 2 3
800
T1 3  T2 
3
800
3T2  T2 
3
200
T2   (i)
3
200
T1  3
3
Now
200
T1  T2  ( 3  1)
3
14. Answer (2)
15. Answer (2)
16. Answer (3)
17. Answer (4)
18. Answer (4)
Given mg = 1 N
To just move the body up
m
F = friction force + gravitation force

=  mg cos  + mg sin  
=  cos  + sin 
19. Answer (2) F sin 
Angle of friction is .
F
  = tan  N

N = mg + F sin  F cos 
To just move the block
F cos  = N mg
F cos  = tan  (mg + F sin )
F (cos  – tan  sin ) = mg tan 
F (cos  cos  – sin  sin ) = mg sin 
mg sin 
F=
cos(  )
20. Answer (1)
100 N
f  = 0.4 10 kg
Maximum external force when blocks move together = max  40  10   50 N
40 40 kg
Now since external force is 100 N (which is > 50 N)
 blocks will not move together. Hence, net force acting on 40 kg will be only friction force.
So using Fnet = ma
40 = (40a) a = 1 m/s2
21. Answer (3)
If acceleration of the system is a, then P = (M + m) a
M
From the reference frame of wedge, 
ma
mg sin 
Component of ma along the inclined will be ma cos 

For the block to be in equilibrium w.r.t. wedge,
ma cos  = mg sin 
a = g tan 
hence P = (M + m) g tan 
22. Answer (2)
F
1 F0 1
tan  = = t0
t0  4  4
2 t
2 
t0  4 F0
 F0 =
2
Total change in momentum should be zero, then only it will retain its initial momentum.
So, positive area of F – t curve should be equal to negative area of F – t curve till time t0.
1 1
(4)(1) = (t – 4) F0
2 2 0
(t0  4) (t0  4)
8 = .
2 2
(t0 – 4)2 = 32
t0 = 4  2 2
23. Answer (3) N

F2
N + F2 = mg
N = mg – F2 m F1
As F2 increases N will decrease.

mg
Static friction fs = sN = s (mg – F2)
 By increasing F2, fs will decrease hence the block will slide.
24. Answer (3)
Fext F=6N
Acceleration of the system = M 1 kg 2 kg
Total
6
= = 2 m/s2
3
2
a = 2 m/s
For 2 kg block N 2 kg
N = 2(2) = 4N
For 1 kg block
F=6N 4N
Fnet = 6 – 4 = 2 N
25. Answer (3)
vdm
F(additional) = = (10) × 5 = 50 N
dt
26. Answer (3)
The tension in the spring will be the reading of dynamometer.
F ext = Ma
50–30 = 10(a)
a = 2 m/s2
For 6 kg block 50 N T
50 –T = 6 (2)
T = 38 N
27. Answer (2)
Fnet = Ma
(10 cos 60°) = (3 + 2)a
a = 1 m/s2 2 kg T
T = 2(1) = 2 N
28. Answer (2)
For 2 kg 10 – T = 2(2) 2
2 m/s
T = 10 – 4 = 6 N
3 kg 2 kg 10 N
For 3 kg T = 3(a)
6 = 3a
a = 2 m/s2
29. Answer (1) F

s
co
F + F cos  = mg sin  
F
F
mg sin 
M
F=
1  cos 

 
mg 2 sin cos    2 
F= 2 2 ∵ sin   2sin 2 .cos 2 and 1+ cos  2cos 2 
2   
2 cos
2

= mg tan
2
30. Answer (1) 600 N
600 – 400 = 40a
200 a
a = = 5 m/s2
40
1 2
S = ut + at 40 (10)
2
1
10 = (5)t2
2
 t = 2 second
31. Answer (1)
mg sin  = 10 (10) sin 30° = 50 N
3
Frictional force = mg cos  = (0.7) (10) (10) = 35 3 N
2
Frictional force is sufficient to oppose gravitational force. Tension will be zero.
32. Answer (3)

F = 3t 2 iˆ  4tjˆ
3t 3 ˆ t 2 ˆ
P2 – P1 = i j
3 2
P1 = 0
(2)v = (2)3 iˆ + 2(2)2 ĵ
v = 4 iˆ + 4 ĵ
33. Answer (1)
 Fdt = mv
 Fdt is area under F–t curve
F   T0   ab
mv =   0  .   [area = 2 ]
 2  2 
 F0 T0
v–v0 = 4m
 F0 T0
v = v0 
4m
34. Answer (2)
  
 F F F
a = 1 2 3 = 2iˆ  4 ˆj
1
1 2
S = at
2
1
= ( 2iˆ  4 ˆj ) (2)2
2
= 4iˆ  8 ˆj
35. Answer (4)

y
m 2m
m
x
Along x-axis no internal force exists, hence momentum will be conserved along x-axis.
Pi  x = Pf  x
(m + m + 2m) cos = – mu cos + 0 + 2mV

 2mv = 5mu cos
5
v= u cos 
2
And along y direction Pi  y = 0. So Pf  y = 0.
36. Answer (4)

dm
F= v = mg
dt
 dm 
1000   = 60000
 dt 
dm
= 60 kg
dt
37. Answer (1)
dp
F= = slope of p–t curve
dt
From t = 0 to t = 2 second slope is constant and positive.
From t = 2 to t = 6 second slope is zero.
From t = 6 to t = 8 second slope is constant and negative.
38. Answer (3)
Static friction.
39. Answer (1)
3
FL = smg cos= (1) (100) = 50 3
2
Gravitational force = mg sin  = 50 N
fL > mg sin   block will not move
40. Answer (2)
F will oppose friction force and gravitation force.
F = mg sin +  mg cos 
41. Answer (2)
If both move together,
30
a= = 5 m/s2
( 4  2)
2 kg will move due to frictional force.
F = ma  f = 2(5) = 10 N
And limiting friction fL = (0.8) (2g) = 16 N
 Friction is sufficient to move both block together hence a = 5 m/s2.
42. Answer (4)
Due to frictional force by the road.
43. Answer (1)
Limiting friction FL = (0.3) (1) (g)
=3N
x-component or horizontal component of force is = 1 N
Hence this much of magnitude will act in backward direction due to friction.
44. Answer (4)
As all the surfaces are smooth, block can be at rest only due to pseduo force.
45. Answer (3)
From the reference frame of A,
 N = mg
N = ma B
F
 F 
N = m 
M m ma m N
(Pseduo
 F  force)
m   = mg mg
M m
M m
F=   g
  
46. Answer (2)
N = Fsin30° = F/2
Fcos30° + N = (10)g
F 3 F 
 0.5   = 100
2 2
 2 3  1
F  
4  = 100

F 89.7 N
47. Answer (1)
Retardation
dv
= – g
dt
v t
 dv    g dt
20 0
v = g   dt   dt is area under  – t curve.
 1 1 
v – 20 = – 10  2  (2)(0.2)  (2)(0.3) 
 2 2 
v = 20 – 18 = 2 m/s
48. Answer (1)
10
If both move together, a = 0.1 m/s2
101
Now, Fnet = 1 (0.1) = 0.1 N
fL = (0.5) (1) (g) = 5 N
So, f = 0.1 N
49. Answer (1)
Fmin = mg[cos – sin]
50. Answer (2)
2 h  1 2h

in
g  sin2   sin 
t1 = = h
g
/s
h

2h
t2 =
g sin  (sin  –  cos )
According to problem
n 2h 2h
=
sin  g g sin  (sin    cos )
n2 1
=
sin2  sin2    sin  cos 
n2sin2 – n2sincos = sin2
  
n2 1  =1
 tan  
 1
 = 1  2  tan 
 n 
51. Answer (2)
Tension will be same in A & C hence T1 = T3.
52. Answer (1)
53. Answer (1)
For vertical equilibrium
T1
T1 cos  = mg + T2 cos  
mg
T1 = + T2
cos  T2 
 < 90° so, cos  > 0
 T1 > T2
54. Answer (3)
mv 2
N cos (90° – ) = N
r 90°– 
N sin (90° – ) = mg h
mg 
N = …(i)
cos 
mv 2
And N sin  = …(ii)
r
Dividing (ii) and (i)
mv 2
mg tan  =
r
 h  v2
g  = v= gh
r  r
55. Answer (1)
For conical pendulum we know that
l cos 
T = 2
g
Where  is the angle from vertical but in question  is given from horizontal
l sin 
Hence T = 2  l
g
T2  sin 
56. Answer (1)
Acceleration will be towards centre at every instant.
57. Answer (4)
m v  2v 2 sin  / 2 
F = ma = =  r

t  
 2v 2 sin(2  2 / 3)  3 3 mv 2
= m =
  4   4 r
r . 
  3  

58. Answer (3)
mv 2
N=
r
 mv 2 
fL = N =    = mg
 r 
gr
v=

59. Answer (2)
Case (1) is F.B.D. of Case (2).
at equilibrium F = Kx
x = F/K


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Chapter 5

v  Rg  0.5  9.8  10  49 m/s

11. Answer (2)

22. Answer (3)

24. Answer (2)

 Fdt = Change in momentum.

28. Answer (1)

For equilibrium of the block limiting friction

Eqn(2) v 2 sin   s cos 

So area of F – t curve will give change in momentum.

17. Answer (2)

for second half

Using Fnet = Mtotala m 2m 3m

m(4) = (12)2  (16)2

20. Answer (4)

26. Answer (3)

34. Answer (1) x dx

mv2 = m 2g (2h) = 2 mv1

45. Answer (2)

53. Answer (2)

mdv = 6t2 dt iˆ + 4tdt. ĵ

Integrating both sides

60. Answer (2)

65. Answer (4) a

67. Answer (3)

Total height above the ground = 10 + 0.1 = 10.1 m

12. Answer (3)

F = friction force + gravitation force

23. Answer (3) N

As F2 increases N will decrease.

600 – 400 = 40a

(2)v = (2)3 iˆ + 2(2)2 ĵ

33. Answer (1)

 Fdt is area under F–t curve

35. Answer (4)

(m + m + 2m) cos = – mu cos + 0 + 2mV

And along y direction Pi  y = 0. So Pf  y = 0.

36. Answer (4)

v = g   dt   dt is area under  – t curve.

58. Answer (3)

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