Ref_ECD_teachers_reference_book_UNICEF

ECD q&m?
q&mrrsm;twGuf
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
2011 ckESpf
rmwdum
trSmpm 7
ed'gef; 9
wpfaeYwmtcsdefrsm;twGif; uav;rsm;tm;jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif; 13
1/ BudKqdkcsdefESifh vGwfvGwfvyfvyfupm;csdef 15
2/ pkaygif;csdef 17
2/ (u) vIyv
f yI &f mS ;&Sm;upm;enf; erlemrsm; 17
2/ (c) oDcsi;f qd&k eftMujH yKcsuf 18
rmwdum
2/ (*) oDcsi;f opfoif&eftMujH yKcsuf 19
3/ tzGJUcGJaqG;aEG;csdef(odkY) pkaygif;aqG;aEG;csdef 20
3/ (u) yHjk yifpmtkyrf sm; toH;k jyKjcif;ESihf yHak jymenf;trsKd ;rsKd ; 21
3/ (c) ½kyyf u
kH m;csyEf iS hf pum;ajymydpk wmtoH;k jyKjcif; 25
4/ oif,l&mae&mrsm;wGif upm;csdef 27
4/ (u) upm;enf;rsm;upm;&efae&m 29
4/ (c) pmzwf&efae&m 29
4/ (*) wl&,
d mypön;f rsm;wD;cwfupm;&efae&m 30
4/ (C) vufrv
I yk &f efae&m 30
5/ vufaq;csdefESifh xrif;pm;csdef 31
6/ tdyfcsdef(odkY) tem;,lcsdef 33
7/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh EIwfqufjcif; 34
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
3
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
oif,ljcif;ESifh uav;rsm;tm; xda&mufpGmoif,lapjcif; 35
1/ oif,ljcif; 35
2/ bmompum;ESifh ta&;? tzwf oifMum;jcif; 36
3/ tywfpOfoifcef;pmudk csJUxGifoifMum;jcif; 39
4/ odyÜHtajccHESifh ocsFmtajccHoabmw&m;rsm; oifMum;jcif; 46
4/ (u) odyt
HÜ ajccHoabmw&m;rsm; 46
4/ (c) ocsmF tajccHoabmw&m;rsm; 50
upm;jcif;jzifhoif,lapjcif; 53
1/ upm;jcif; 53
2/ ÓPf&nfzGHUNzdK;apaom upm;enf;rsm; 54
rmwdum
3/ bmompum;zGHYNzdK;apaom upm;enf;rsm; 57
4/ vufrItEkynmzefwD;upm;enf;rsm; 60
5/ ½dk;&mupm;enf;rsm;ESihf pkaygif;upm;enf;rsm; 62
q&mrsm;\tcef;u@ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm; 65
1/ Munfh½Iavhvmjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;jyKjcif; 65
2/ aqmif&ef? a&Smif&efrsm; 68
3/ trltusifhaumif;rsm;&Sdap&ef avhusifhay;jcif; 71
4/ roefpGrf;uav;rsm;ESifh tultnDtxl;vdkaom uav;rsm;tm;
apmifha&Smufjcif; 73
4/ (u) wuf<uvGe;f aomuav;rsm; 74
4/ (c) tm½Hpk ;l pku
d rf jI yóem&Sad omuav;rsm; 75
4/ (*) bmompum;tcuftcJ&adS omuav;rsm; 75
4/ (C) vlrpI w
d yf ikd ;f qdik &f m yhyHh ;kd rIvt
kd yfaeaom uav;rsm; 76
5/ rdb? &yf&GmvlBuD;rsm;ESifh vufwGJvkyfaqmifjcif; 77
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
4
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
rlBudKq&m? q&mrrsm; ar;avh&Sdaomar;cGef;rsm; 79
1/ ypönf;vkwJhuav; 79
2/ Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;upm;wJhuav; 79
3/ a'goBuD;wJhuav; 81
4/ tEdkifusifhwJhuav; 81
5/ twdkiftawmxlwJhuav; 82
6/ udkufwwfwJhuav; 82
7/ pmoifenf; 83
8/ pkaygif;aqG;aEG;csdefeJY pkaygif;csdef 84
9/ ,SOfNydKifjcif; 85
rmwdum
5 ESpft&G,f ausmif;ae&eftwGuf jyifqifrIrsm; 87
1/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m BudKwifjyifqifrIaqmif&Gufay;jcif; 87
2/ vdktyfaom zGHUNzdK;rIESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;yHhydk;ay;jcif; 88
aemufqufwGJrsm; 91
aemufqufwJG (1) uav;\zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufrtI ajctaeudk
Munh½f aI vhvmjcif;rSww f rf; 91
aemufqufwJG (2) rlBuKd uav;rsm;twGuf oDcsi;f ESiu
hf Asmrsm; 99
aemufqufwJG (3) ausmif;cef;tvSqif&efEiS fh uav;rsm;jyKvyk &f ef
vufreI rlemtcsKUd 109
tñTef;ESifh usrf;udk;pm&if; 115
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
5
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
rSwfwrf;jyKvTm
þvufppJG mtkyo
f nf jrefrmEkid if H ECD Technical Working
Group wGiy
f g0ifaom tzGUJ tpnf;toD;oD;\ uGi;f qif;awGU½Scd suf
rsm;? te,fe,ft&yf&yf&dS ECD q&mrrsm;\ awmif;qdck sut
f ay:
tajccHí jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ prf;oyftqifhwGif yg0if
aqmif&u
G af y;Muaom Save the Children pDrcH suef ,fajrrS ECD
q&mrrsm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;tm;vnf; aus;Zl;txl;wif&ydS gaMumif;

rSww
f rf;wiftyfygonf/
trSmpm
]]uav;oli,f jyKpyk sKd ;axmifa&;vkyif ef;qdo k nfrmS touf arG;prS

8 ESpt f &G,f uav;rsm;tm; pdwyf ikd ;f ? ½kyyf ikd ;f qdik &f mbufpzkH UHG NzKd ;rIrsm; zGUH NzKd ;
oifhonfhtwkdif; tjynfht0zGHUNzdK;vmap&ef t&nftaoG;jynfhaom jyKpk
ysKd ;axmifay;rIrsm; aqmif&uG af y;aomvkyif ef;jzpfygonf/}}
rlBuKd ? odrYk [kwf uav;oli,fjyKpyk sKd ;axmifa&;Xmersm;onf touf
3 ESprf S 5 ESpt f &G,f uav;rsm;\ zGUH NzKd ;rIqikd &f mvdt
k yfcsurf sm;udk jznfq
h nf;
trSmpm
ay;onfomru rlvwef;ESihf b0wpfavQmufv;kH oif,al &;twGuyf g tajccH
tkwjf rpfwnfaqmufay;&m ae&mXmersm; jzpfonf/ uav;b0tapmydik ;f
ESpfrsm;twGuf zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrIudk aqmif&Gufay;aom tpDtpOfrsm;onf
uav;rsm;\ oif,lrIqdkif&mtcuftcJrsm;udk avsmhenf;aponfomru
wpfOD;csif;ESifh vlrItzGJUtpnf;wpfckvHk;twGuf a&&SnftusdK;aus;Zl;rsm;
jzpfxeG ;f apEdik yf gonf/
xdaYk Mumifv
h nf; jrefrmEdik if w
H iG f uav;oli,fjyKpak pmifah &Smufa&;ESihf
zGUH NzKd ;a&;vkyif ef;tpDtpOfrsm; ESppf Ofw;kd yGm;vsu&f adS yonf/ 1960 jynfvh eG Ef pS f
rsm;wGif vlr0I efxrf;OD;pD;XmerS tpjyKum wjznf;jznf;ESihf toif;awmftajcjyK
uav;oli,fzNYHG zKd ;rIjyKpyk sKd ;axmifa&;tpDtpOfrsm;vnf; wd;k yGm;vmNy;D 2000
jynfhvGefESpfrsm;wGif Save the Children, Yinthway Foundation, Metta
Foundation, Karuna Myanmar Social Service, World Vision tp&So
d nfh
tzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ &yf&GmtajcjyK uav;oli,fzGHYNzdK;rIjyKpkysdK;axmifa&;
vkyif ef;rsm;? tajccHynma&;tpDtpOf taeESihf ausmif;tajcjyK uav;
oli,fzNYHG zKd ;rIjyKpyk sKd ;axmifa&;vkyif ef;rsm; t&deS t
f [kejf ri§ fh aqmif&u
G v
f monf
omru yk*v ¾ u d rlBuKd ausmif;rsm;vnf; rsm;jym;vmcJyh gonf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
7
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uav;oli,frsm;tm; t&nftaoG;jynf0h pGm
apmifah &SmufraI y;jcif;onf uav;rsm;\ vlrq I ufqH
a&;? pdwv f yI &f mS ;rIEiS hf ÓPf&nfzUHG NzKd ;rIrsm; &&Sad pEdik f
ygonf/ uav;tm; yHhydk;rIrsm; aqmif&Gufay;&ef
rnfow Yl iG f wm0ef&ydS goenf;/ ¤if;\ywf0ef;usi&f dS
vl o m;tm;vH k ; jzpf y gonf / uav;ol i ,f j yKpk
ysdK;axmifa&;Xmersm;wGif wufa&mufvsuf&Sdaom
uav;rsm;twGufrSmrl aeYpOfxdawGUvsuf jyKpk
apmifha&Smuf aeol q&mrsm;rS m ta&;tBuD;qHk;
jzpfygonf/
jrefrmEdik if wH iG f rlBuKd q&mrsm;\ t&nftaoG;twGuf a,bk,stm;
jzifh wpfvoifwef;tay:tajccHMuygonf/ xdrk w S pfqifh rGe;f rHoifwef;rsm;?
trSmpm
ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm;ESifh t&nftaoG;jr§ifhwifjcif;tpDtpOfrsm; qufvuf

aqmif&Gufay;aeMuygonf/ odkY&mwGif xdktpDtpOfrsm;udk rlBudKq&mrsm;
tm;vH;k &&S&d efEiS hf yHrk eS &f &S&d ef qufvufyyhH ;kd ay;Mu&ygOD;rnf/
uav;oli,frsm;twGuf ta&;ygqH;k yk*Kd¾ vrf sm;jzpfaom q&mrsm;tm;
enf;ynm jri§ w
hf ifay;jcif;tpDtpOfrsm;ESihf tjcm;yHyh ;kd rItpDtpOfrsm; aqmif&u
G f
ay;&ef txl;vdt k yfvsu&f adS eonfrmS xif&mS ;ygonf/
xdaYk Mumifv h nf; ¤if;wdaYk wGUMuKH &onfh tcuftcJrsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edik &f efEiS hf
vkyfief;ydkif;qdkif&muRrf;usifrIrsm;wdk;yGm;um uav;oli,frsm;twGuf
t&nftaoG;jynfah om jyKpak pmifah &SmufrrI sm; yHyh ;kd aqmif&u G af y;Edik &f eftvdUk iSm
¤if;wduYk ,
dk w f idk f oif,al vhvmqnf;yl;Edik af om þvufppJG mtkyu f kd jyKpx k w k af 0
&jcif;jzpfygonf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
8
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ed'gef;
uav;zGUH NzKd ;a&;tMumif;udk aumif;aumif;em;vnfxm;wJh q&m?

q&mrawGawmif wpfcgwav ud, k o
hf ifMum;rIukd tm;rvdt
k m;r& jzpfwwf
Muygw,f/ uav;awG wu,foif,l zGUH NzKd ;aewmaum [kw&f UJ vm;/ olwYkd
awG xdxad &mufa&mufoif,El ikd af tmif bmvkyaf y;&if aumif;rvJqNkd y;D
tButH ukd af ewJh q&mawG&o dS vd?k uav;awG aysmaf tmifvyk af y;&if Ny;D a&m
r[kwv f m;qdw k q hJ &mawGvnf; &Syd gw,f/
ed'gef;
q&mtawmfrsm;rsm;[m uav;awG aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT f upm;Edik zf Ykd
jyifqifyyhH ;kd ay;wJh tydik ;f udk txl;tm;pdu k af vh&ydS gw,f/ uav;awG aysmaf ysmf
&Ti&f iT u
f pm;aeMuwm[m aumif;wJh
jrifuiG ;f wpf&yf jzpfygw,f/ 'gayr,fh
uav;awG pdwu f ;l pdwo f ef;eJY wpfpkH
wpf & mud k wD x G i f z ef w D ; aewm?
wpfcck u k kd prf;oyfvyk u f ikd &f if; pdwf
auseyfrI&aewm? jyóemtcuf
tcJawG ajz&Si;f wwfaewm? Mum;
xm;wJh yHkjyifxJutwdkif; ajymqkd
aewm? Zmwfvrf;Zmwfuu G af wGeYJ yDyjD yifjyif twkvyk u
f pm;aewm? pum;
<u,f<u,feaYJ jymqdak ewm? ta&;? tzwfeYJ ocsmF tajccHawGrmS uRr;f usirf I
&aewm? upm;enf;awGukd aumif;aumif;upm;wwfaewm? ypön;f awGukd
uRr;f uRr;f usiu f sif oH;k aewmrsKd ;awGukd jrifzYkd vdak eygao;w,f/ tJ'jD rifuiG ;f
awGukd rawGU&ao;oa&GU rvHak vmufao;ygbl;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
9
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ud,
k &hf UJ ausmif;u t&nftaoG;jynfw
h hJ ausmif;wpfausmif; [kw?f
r[kwf ckvkd wjcm;olawGbufutjrifeYJ qef;ppfajzMunfyh g/
uav;taeeJY ajzzdkY...
x aEG;aEG;axG;axG;BuKd qw
kd mudk cHpm;&&JUvm;/
x 'Dausmif;u ighausmif;vdYk cHpm;&ovm;/
x oli,fcsi;f awGu ighukd cifcifrifrif&&dS UJ vm;/
x ausmif;&JUtawGUtBuKH awGu pdwv
f yI &f mS ;p&maumif;&JUvm;/
rdbtaeeJY ajzzdkY...
x q&mawGu rdbawGukd av;pm;rI&o
dS vm;/
x aumif;aumif;rGerf eG f BuKd q{kd nfch &H UJ vm;/
ed'gef;
x uav;tay:xm;wJh rdb&JUqEúkd tav;xm;&JUvm;/

x ausmif;&JUtpDtpOfawGrSm yg0ifzdkY q&mawG&JUtm;ay;rI
&ovm;/
x ausmif;&JUtpDtpOfawGu igwdkYrdom;pk&JU tpOftvmeJY
,Ofaus;rIudk em;vnfNy;D tm;ay;vkyaf qmifr&I o
dS vm;/
aumfrwD0iftaeeJYk ajzzdkY...
x uav;eJY q&mtcsKd ; rQrQww&So
d vm;/
x q&mawGrmS t&nftcsi;f b,favmuf&o
dS vJ/
x bmoifwef;awG&xm;ovJ/
x uav;awG&UJ zGUH NzKd ;rIeYJ avsmn
f w
D hJ upm;p&meJY ypön;f awG vHv
k kH
avmufavmuf &So d vm;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
10
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
x ausmif;&JU vIy&f mS ;rIawGeYJ oifMum;rIypkH aH wGu zGNHY zKd ;rIeYJ avsmn
f D
&JUvm;/
x ausmif;eJY ausmif;ywf0ef;usiu
f uav;awGtwGuf oifah vsmf
aumif;rGe&f UJ vm;/
&yf&GmtaeeJU ajzzdkY...
x uav;oli,fawGudk wefzdk;xm;zdkYeJY uav;bufpHkzGHUNzdK;a&;
ta&;Bu;D w,fvYkd igwd&Yk yf&mG u oabmwlvufcMH uovm;/
x uav;bufpzkH UHG NzKd ;a&;vkyif ef;u uav;awG&UJ atmifjrifa&;eJ?Y
&yf&Gmtajctaeudk ajymif;vJwdk;wufay;Edkifw,fvdkY igwdkY
&yf&mG u oabmwl vufcMH uovm;/
ed'gef;
x uav;bufpzkH UHG NzKd ;a&;vkyif ef; atmifjrifa&;rSm igwdu
Yk kd yg0if
aqmif&u
G cf iG ahf y;ovm;/
txufu ar;cGe;f awGuakd jzzdt
Yk wGuf uav;awGtwGuf aysm&f iT pf &m
vIy&f mS ;vkyaf qmifraI wGeYJ tm;ay;vIUH aqmfwhJ 'Dpmtkyx
f u
J tpDtpOfawG[m
rlBuKd q&mawGtwGuf taxmuftuljzpfrmS jzpfygw,f/ 'ghtjyif Eke,faewJh
uav;awG&UJ OD;aESmufzUHG NzKd ;zdt
Yk wGuv f nf; tultnDjzpfygvdrrhf ,f/
jyKpo
k l
auqdik ;f a&mf
'DZifbmv? 2010ckEpS f
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
11
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
wpfaeYwmtcsdefrsm;twGif;
uav;rsm;tm;jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif;
atmufrmS azmfjyxm;wJh tcsed Zf ,m;[m vlBu;D awG zwfzt Ykd wGuyf g/ uav;awGzwfzYkd
twGuf oD;oeft
Y csed Zf ,m;udk ½kyyf akH wGeq
YJ x
JG m;ay;&ygr,f/ erlemyHak wGukd Munfyh g/
rlBudKausmif;tcsdefZ,m;
08;30 rS 09;00 BuKd qjkd cif;ESihf vGwv
f yfpmG upm;jcif;
09;00 rS 09;30 pkaygif;csed f
09;30 rS 11;00 tcef;wGi;f ?tcef;jyifupm;jcif;/ (45 rdepfp)D
wpfaeYwmtcsdefrsm;twGif; uav;rsm;tm;jyKpkapmifha&Smufjcif;
11;00 rS 11;10 a&tdrw
f ufjcif;ESihf vufaq;jcif;
11;10 rS 12;00 aeYvnfpmpm;jcif;
12;00 rS 14;00 tdypf ufjcif;^tem;,ljcif;
14;00rS 14;15 tqmajypm;jcif;
14;15 rS 14;45 pkaygif;upm;jcif; (½d;k &mupm;enf;rsm;)
14;45 rS 15;00 wpfaeYwmtwGuf oH;k oyfjcif;ESihf EIwq
f ufjcif;
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
13
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uav;rsm;twGuftcsdefZ,m;
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
14
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
wpfaeYwmtcsed af wGtm;vH;k rSm uav;awGukd pnf;urf;ay;wm? vrf;ñTew f mawGxufyNkd y;D
bmompum; zGUH NzKd ;atmif? pOf;pm;ÓPfxufoefvmatmif pum;rsm;rsm;ajymay;yg/ olwu Ykd kd
vnf; pum;rsm;rsm;ajymzdYk tm;ay;yg/ olwt Ykd csi;f csi;f ajymwmudk em;axmifyg/ olwaYkd jymjywm
udk em;axmifz?Ykd ar;wmudak jzzdv
Yk nf; tNrt J oif&h adS eyg/
txufrmS azmfjyxm;wJh rlBuKd ausmif;wpfaeYwmtcsed af wGrmS uav;awGukd b,fvkd
jyKpak pmifah &Smufay;oifw
h ,f? q&meJuY av; tjyeftvSeq
f ufqaH &; b,fv&kd o
dS ifw
h ,fqw
kd m
atmufygtBujH yKcsuaf wGukd vdu k ef myg/
1/ BudKqdkcsdefESifh vGwfvGwfvyfvyfupm;csdef
wpfaeYwm&JUtp ausmif;udka&mufuwnf;u uav;wdkif; pdwfaysmf&Tifvef;qef;
aezdv
Yk ykd gw,f/ 'gayr,fh tdru f ae ausmif;a&mufvmwJh uav;wdik ;f pdwaf ysm&f iT Mf uwm
r[kwyf gbl;/ tdrrf mS uwnf;u vdt k yfcsuw
f pfcck k rjynfph ckH w
hJ hJ uav;awGvnf; ygEdik yf gw,f/
uav;wpfO;D OD; 'Dvjkd yKr&l if....
¡ tar(od)Yk tdru
f vmydo
Yk el YJ rcGEJ ikd f
¡ q&mwpfO;D OD;udk wG,u
f yfae
¡ tarudjk yKrw
l t
hJ wdik ;f jyKrl
¡ abmif;bDxt
J npftaMu;pGeYf
¡ wpfO;D wnf;ae
¡ id,
k akd e
bmaMumifhjzpfovJqdkwmudk 'DtcsufawGeJY qef;ppfavhvmyg/
¡ tdrrf mS pdwt
f aESmuft,Sujf zpfp&m BuKH co
hJ vm;/
¡ q&m&JU*½kpu
kd rf v
I ckd siv
f v
Ykd m;/
¡ qmaeovm;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
15
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
¡ a&iwfaeovm;/
a&raomuf? tdrfomrwufwJh
¡ tm[m& rjynfv
h v
Ykd m;/ uav;awGudk owday;yg/
¡ tdyaf &; r0vdv
Yk m;/ a&aomufwmeJY tdrfomwufwmudk
¡ use;f rma&;aumif;&JUvm;/ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf vkyfcGifhay;yg/
'DvdkyHhydk;ulnDay;yg/
¡ id,
k akd ewJu
h av;udk idck iG ahf y;yg/ 'gayr,fh
tMumBu;D ridak tmif *½kpu dk yf g/
¡ id k , k d a ewJ h u av;ud k ausmif ; 0if ; xJ
twlavQmuf&if; &if;ES;D atmifvyk yf g/
¡ em;vnfatmif &Si;f jyay;yg/ ]]orD;tar
aocsmajymcJw
h ,fav? ausmif;qif;wmeJY
olvmBudKr,fvdkY}}? ]]orD;taruvnf;
orD;udk wpfcsed v
f ;kH owd&aewm odw,fr[kwv
f m;}}
¡ wu,fvYkd uav;u em;rvnf&if tareJu Y av; ypön;f vJwmrsKd ;? tarhu,
kd ef yYH gwJh
t0wfay;xm;wmrsKd ;wdv
Yk yk af y;yg/
¡ uav;tarudv k nf; terf;vufaqmif umwGe;f um;xJu om;trdvkd vufz0g;rSm
arT;arT;ay;Ny;D tarudok wd&wkid ;f yg;rSmtyfxm;zdYk rSmckid ;f yg/
¡ awGU&Scd suu
f kd 0efxrf;tcsi;f csi;f wdik yf ifyg/
¡ rdb
d awGeYJ aqG;aEG;G nSEd idI ;f ajz&Si;f yg/
jzpfEikd &f if tdru
f aeygvmwJah &m*gyd;k awGuif;pifatmif vuft&ifaq;Ny;D rS ausmif;cef;xJ
0ifwt hJ usihf usiahf y;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
16
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
2/ pkaygif;csdef
wpfaeYwmudk aeYwikd ;f vkyaf eus ykpH t
H wdik ;f tpjyKyg/ 'Dvv kd yk jf cif;u aemuftcsed u f
bmtcsed q
f wkd m BuKd reS ;f qEdik w
f t
hJ wGuf uav;awGukd pdwv f NHk cKH rI &apygw,f/ reufwikd ;f
vkyaf eusae&m? paeustcsed ef YJ qdak eusEw I q
f ufocD si;f wdu
Yk kd ykrH eS tf wdik ;f jyKvyk yf g/ erlem
taeeJY 'Dvt
kd pDtpOftwdik ;f vkyyf g/
¡ ppcsi;f ]]uJ..pMupd—Yk — pMur,f}} vdaYk jymNy;D EIwq
f uf oDcsi;f wpfy'k ?f ESpyf 'k q
f kd (r*Fvm
eHeufcif;yg&Sifh? cifAs(odkY) r*Fvmyg? tu,fí uav;enf;ygu oifhemrnfu
b,fvakd c:ygovJ)
¡ bk&m;&Scd ;kd (wpfred pfpmrQ)
¡ ½k;d &Si;f wJh vIy&f mS ;upm;enf;
¡ oDcsi;f a[mif;rsm;qdk
¡ oDcsi;f opfoif
2/ (u) vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;upm;enf; erlemrsm;
Ä avSavSmjf cif; (ajcr ESpzf ufuikd Nf y;D zifw&Gwf

wdu
k jf cif;)
Ä uav;awGukd zsmwpfcsyaf y:vJNS y;D ud, k u

f kd
qefEY ikd o f rQ qefx Y w k cf ikd ;f vdu
k ?f ao;atmif
BuKH Uckid ;f vdu
k v
f yk yf g/
Ä wd&pämefawGvkd oGm;zdaYk jymyg/ Oyrm-a>rvd?k

zm;vd?k acG;vd?k ...ykpH aH wGvyk zf Ykd ajymyg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
17
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä Mumyef;Bu;D yGiv
hf mNyD (tm;vH;k ajcqefx
Y ikd Nf y;D vufeYJ ajcz0g;awGpx
k m;? yef; iH&k muae
wjznf;jznf; yGit hf mvmyHuk kd vufawG wjznf;jznf;aemufveS cf scikd ;f yg/)
Ä q&muOD;aqmifNy;D vrf;tjrefavQmufyg/
Ny;D awmh taES;? ajcvSr;f usu J s?J ajcvSr;f
pdypf yd af vQmufyw
kH u
Ykd kd wpfvn
S phf D avQmuf
yg/
vIy&f mS ;rIwpfrsKd ;udk uav;awG pdwyf g0ifpm;aeoavmuf qufvyk yf g/

olwaYkd umif;aumif;vkyw f wfNyq
D &kd if uav;wpfa,mufukd OD;aqmifcikd ;f Ny;D
qufupm;ckid ;f yg/ wpf&ufrmS 2rsKd ;? 3rsKd ;vkyyf g/
2/ (c) oDcsif;qdk&ef tMuHjyKcsuf

Ä yHrk eS t
f oHeyYJ J qdck ikd ;f yg/ b,fawmhrS toHuek af tmfNy;D rqdck ikd ;f ygeJ/Y uav;awG
atmfqdkae&ifvnf; ]]tJovdkatmfqdk&if em;axmifvdkYraumif;bl;}}vdkYajymyg/
uav;awG&UJ vnfacsmif;remapzdeYk YJ oDcsi;f qd&k if; *Dw&oudk cHpm;Edik zf o Ykd wdjyKyg/
Ä oDcsi;f vdu
k rf qdwk hJ uav;udk oGuw f hJ
uav;tem;xm;yg/ wpfcgwav
olv
Y ufawGuu kd ikd Nf y;D trlt&m vkyf
&if; qdak y;yg/
Ä 'Dt&G,fuav;awGtwGuf wpf
ukd,fvHk;vIyf&Sm;NyD; oDqdkuckefzdkY
ta&;BuD;wmrdkY Murf;ay:xdkifNyD;
qdw
k mrsKd ; avQmyh g/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
18
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä trlt&meJq Y w
kd mtjyif tajymif;tvJ
jzpfatmif ½kyaf o;½kyaf wGo;kH Ny;D qdk
vdu
k ?f wl&,
d mypön;f awG oH;k Ny;D qdv
k u
kd f
vkyyf g/
Ä wpf&ufrmS 4-5yk'af vmufqykd g/
2/ (*) oDcsif;opfoif&ef tMuHjyKcsuf

Ä oDcsi;f pmom;udk xifxif&mS ;&Sm;eJY wpfaMumif;pD a&;yg/
Ä oauFw½kyyf kH xnfv
h &Ykd wJh oDcsi;f awGrmS xnfyh g/
Ä a&;xm;wJh oDcsi;f pmom;awGukd xyfNy;D odr;f xm;yg/ aemuf&ufawGrmS jyefo;kH wJth cg
uav;awG b,favmufrw S rf o
d vJoad tmif oDcsi;f pmom;udjk yNy;D ]]'DocD si;f qdk
&atmif? b,forl w S rf o
d vJ }}vdaYk jymyg/
Ä wpfykd'fcsif; vdkufrqdkckdif;ygeJY/ uav;awGoHpOfudk vdkufrSwfzdkY cufvdrfhr,f/
Ä oDcsi;f opfwpfy'k u
f kd xyfcgwvJvq
J jkd yyg/
Ä cufwphJ um;vH;k awG&UJ t"dymÜ ,fet
YJ oHxu
G af wGukd &Si;f jyyg/
Ä wpfywfrmS oDcsi;f opf ESpyf 'k x
f uf ydrk oifygeJ/Y
Ä oDcsi;f a&G;cs,w f t hJ cg [eftrlt&meJv Y yI &f mS ;oDq&kd wJh wdwk w
kd w
k w
f w
k f oDcsi;f rsKd ;udk
a&G;yg/ oifMum;aewJah cgif;pOfeYJ udu k n
f wD hJ oDcsi;f awGuv kd nf;oifay;yg/ rlBuKd t&G,f
uav;awGeu YJ udk n f w
D hJ oDcsi;f ? uAsmwcsKd Uudk aemufqufw-JG 1rSm Munfyh g/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
19
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
oDcsif;opf oifMum;enf;tqifhqifh
oDcsi;f opfukd pdw0f ifpm;zG,af umif;atmif ckvakd jymyg/ ]]'DocD si;f topf[m wd&pämef
awG&JU atmfjrnfoHtaMumif;jzpfw,f/ usD;uef;u b,fvdkatmfovJ? pmuav;?
aMumifuav;eJ?Y <uufuav;wdu Yk a&m b,fvakd tmfovJ? olwb Ykd ,fvv
kd yI &f mS ;ovJ?
pmuav; opfuikd ;f rSm em;aewJyh pHk u
H kd jrifz;l ovm;}}
(1) tptqH;k 2cgqdjk yyg/
(2) 3cgajrmufrmS uav;awGukd twlq&kd atmifvaYkd jymyg/
(3) 4cgajrmufrmS ]]tm;vH;k qkw
d wfNy?D 'Dwpfcgtrlt&meJq
Y rkd ,f}} vdaYk jymyg/
(4) uav;awGet
YJ wl aysmaf ysmyf g;yg; aemufwpfcgxyfqykd g/
3/ tzGJUcGJaqG;aEG;csdef(odkY) pkaygif;aqG;aEG;csdef
'Dtcsed rf mS uav;awGukd em;axmifwwfz?Ykd tvSnu
hf sajymwwfzYkd oifay;&ygr,f/
à uav;awG aumif;pGmyg0ifaqG;aEG;Ekdifatmif uav;udk q,fa,mufwpfzGJUcGJNyD;
aqG;aEG;yg/
à uav;awG pum;rsm;rsm;ajymvmatmif tzGifhar;cGef;awG rsm;rsm;oHk;yg/
à wdkuf½dkufoifMum;aejcif;rsdK; a&Smifyg/
à pnf;urf;em;rvnfwhJ uav;awGukd ½kyaf o;eJY oG,0f u
kd Nf y;D oifay;yg/
à ]]om;wd}Yk } eJY ]]orD;wd}Yk } qdw
k t
hJ oH;k tEIe;f udk rQrQww
oH;k yg/ a,mufsm;av; odrYk [kwf rde;f uav;awGukd pkaygif;aqG;aEG;csed rf mS
ydt
k av;xm;wmrsK;d a&Smifyg/ uav;awGajymwJh
à uav;wpfa,mufcsi;f udk emrnfeaYJ c:Ny;D ajymqdyk g/ bmompum;udyk o J ;kH yg/
à pmtky?f ydpk wmeJY ½kyaf o;wdu
Yk kd tvSnu
hf so;kH yg/
à oifaxmufuyl pön;f tppfrsm;oH;k yg/ roH;k wJah eYawGrmS uav;awG vufawGUrsm;rsm;
prf;oyfvyk u
f idk cf iG &hf wmrsKd ;udk oH;k yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
20
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à udk,fjyifqifxm;wJh oifcef;pmxuf uav;trsm;pk pdwf0ifpm;aewJhtaMumif;udk
ajymif;vJ aqG;aEG;yg/
3/ (u) yHkjyifpmtkyfrsm; toHk;jyKjcif;ESifh yHkajymenf;trsdK;rsdK;
Ä wpfywfrmS tenf;qH;k yHjk yifpmtkyf (3) tkyf
udk zwfjyyg/ wpftkyfudk pkaygif;aqG;aEG;
csed rf mS zwfjyNy;D useEf pS t
f yk u
f kd tjcm;tcsed f
rsm;wGif zwfjyyg/
Ä yHjk yifpmtkyw
f pftyk u f kd tenf;qH;k (4) Burd f
zwfjyyg/ yxrwpfBudrfrSm ½kd;½dk;zwfjy?
'kw, d tBurd rf mS Zmwfvrf;wd?Yk o½kyaf zmfykH
wdkYtaMumif; aqG;aEG;? wwd,tBudrfrSm
pmvH;k awG? ta&;tom;awGtaMumif; aqG;
aEG;? aemufq;kH tBurd rf mS Zmwfvrf; wpfcv k ;kH
udk o½kyaf qmifzt Ykd wGuf aqG;aEG;yg/
Ä uav;awGtwGuf pmtkyu f ae&wJh tusKd ;
aus;Zl;trsm;BuD;&SdwJhtwGuf &nf&G,fcsuftrsdK;rsdK;eJY a&;xm;wJhpmtkyfrsdK;pHkudk
zwfjyay;yg/ OyrmtaeeJ.Y ..
x pdwful;,OfZmwfvrf; (rIdYuav;wpfyGifh c&D;vTifh? vif;EdkYrav; rpE´m?
vluav;eJY yk&u
G q
f w
d f ...)
x owif;tcsuftvuf (rD;rD;&JUupm;p&m? igbmvJ? ig;[mig;yJ? 'dkifEdkaqm
aeYrsm;? yifu h rl sm;? vif;ydik ?f tyifu&wJt
h pm? wpfrw
S pfq,fa&wGurf ,f?
em*pfrek w
f ikd ;f uswahJ eY ...)
x &,f&iT zf ,
G &f m (tazmfvakd om zm;uav;? EGm;nDaemifEiS hf aysm&f iT rf aI y;aom
zm;rdom;pk? u,fMuygOD;? aerif;Bu;D ? vluav;ESihf yk&u
G q
f w d f ...)
x pdwfcHpm;rI (yGJaps;wef;rSmararh&Sm? tcspfqkH;olwpfa,muftaMumif;?
em*pfrek w
f ikd ;f uswahJ eY? vif;EdrYk av;rpE´m ...)
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
21
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä uav;awGukd rzwfjycif ud,k w
f ikd f pmtkyef YJ &if;ES;D atmif? ESpNf cKd uv
f mwJt
h xd
tBudrfBudrf zwfxm;yg/ pmzwfjyaewJhtcg q&m&JU pdwfaysmf&TifrIeJY pdwftm;
xufoefru I uav;awGukd ul;pufvmygvdrrhf ,f/
Ä uav;awGukd pmzwfjywJt
h cg pmoifay;wJyh pkH eH YJ r[kwb
f J upm;enf;wpfcv
k kd
vkyyf g/
Ä upm;ovdzk wfjywJt h cg uav;awG[m pdwaf ysm&f iT af ewJt h wGuf vGwv f w
G f
vyfvyf pdwu f ;l cHpm;r,f? Zmwfaumifae&mrSm 0ifNy;D cHpm;Edik rf ,f? ½kyyf akH wGuv
kd nf;
ydNk y;D awmh ESpNf cKd ucf pH m;ygvdrrhf ,f/
Ä rSe;f qupm;vd&Yk wJh ae&mawGrmS rSe;f qcdik ;f yg/
Oyrm- (igbmvJ? rIdYuav;wpfyGifhc&D;vTifh?
tdr<f uufEiS hf v,f<uuf? ylp;l eJY ylp?D ..)
Ä pmrygwJhpmtkyfawGudk okH;wJhtcg q&mu

Zmwfvrf;ausm½k;d udk ysK;d ay;Ny;D usew
f t
hJ ydik ;f udk uav;awGukd jznhpf u
G af jymcdik ;f yg/
Oyrm-(orD;&JU qE´? *kwu f sm;eJt
Y azmfrsm;)
Ä pmvH;k awG xyfcg xyfcg ygwJh pmtkyfawGukd
vnf; q&mu a&SUydik ;f udzk wfjyNy;D aemufu
xyfcgxyfcgygwJh pmvk;H awGukd uav;awGuykd J
jznfah jymckid ;f yg/ Oyrm-(uReaf wmfvrf;avQmuf
xGufcJhw,f? r[l&meJYajracG;? aerif;BuD;udk
b,fopl m;? pum;enf;Ny;D tvkyv f yk w
f hJ yifu
h l
uav;? igwu,f v d k Y i S u f j zpf & if ? upm;
&atmif?..)
Ä pmtk y f u k d acgif ; pOf z wf j yNyD ; aemuf bm
taMumif;jzpfr,fqw kd m rSe;f qcdik ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
22
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä zwfjy&r,fh pmtky(f pmenf;? pmvH;k Bu;D Bu;D eJY &Si;f &Si;f a&;xm;)udk oH;k wJth cg pmvH;k
awGukd axmufNy;D toHxu G rf eS rf eS f zwfjyyg/ uav;awGu toHet YJ wl pmvH;k awGukd
vdu
k Mf unfah ewmjzpfwthJ wGuf wdwu d suszwfzYkd vdw k ,f/ ud, k phf um;vH;k tydk
awG rxnfhygeJY/
Ä ajymjy&r,fph mtkyaf wGukd (zwfjyzdrYk [kww
f )hJ toHaetoHxm;eJY ajymjyyg/ aemufaeY
awGrmS uav;awGukd yHjk yifZmwfvrf;twdik ;f o½kyaf qmifcikd ;f yg/
Ä wpfcgwav pum;enf;wJh uav;wpfa,mufa,mufukd pmtkyyf x
kH u
J ]]'DaeY
ajymjyr,fh pmtkyu
f akd &G;ay;yg}}vdcYk ikd ;f yg/
Ä pmtkyw
f pftyk u
f kd tBurd Bf urd t
f oH;k jyKyg/ aemuf&ufawGrmS vnf; xyfzwfjyyg/
Ä yHjk yifpmtkyaf wGuek o
f mG ;&if upm;p&mbl;awGxu J ½kyyf akH wGukd toH;k jyKNy;D yHjk yif
xGiaf jymyg/ uav;awGuv kd nf; xGiaf jymckid ;f Edik yf gw,f/
Ä ywf0ef;usirf mS &Sw
d hJ ypön;f awGukd toH;k jyKNy;D yHjk yiftjzpf zefw;D ajymqdyk g/
Ä AD',
D ykd jkH yifaowåm? zsmyHjk yif? oJy;kH yHjk yif? wkwx
f ;kd ½kyaf o; tp&Sw
d mawGukd wDxiG zf efw;D
toH;k jyKyg/
Ä uav;awGu, kd w
f ikd f yg0ifo½kyaf qmifEikd w
f hJ ½d;k &myHjk yifawGukd uav;awGu,
kd w
f ikd f
yg0ifo½kyaf qmifwehJ nf;eJY ajymyg/
Oyrm- ynm&Sad om MuufrBu;D ? jcaoFBh u;D
ESifh <uufuav;? ESmap;aeaom
,keu
f av;?
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
23
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uav;awGyg0if o½kyfaqmifEdkifwJh erlemyHkjyif
]]jcaoFhESifh awm0uf}}
jcaoFt
h jzpfwpfO;D ? awm0uftjzpfwpfO;D ? vif;wtjzpf 4-5OD;cefu Y kd o½kyaf qmif&ef
owfrw S x
f m;yg/ tcef;tv,fwiG f t0wfrsm;(od)Yk pm&GuBf u;D rsm;ESihf prf;acsmif;av;
tjzpf owfrw S x
f m;yg/
]]wpfcgwke;f u awmtkyBf u;D wpfcrk mS ylavmiftu kd pf yfveG ;f vdYk jcaoFeh YJ awm0ufwYkd [m

a&&SdwJh prf;acsmif;av;qDudk a&mufvmMuw,f/ prf;acsmif;av;qDa&mufawmh
olt&ifa&mufw,f? igt&ifa&mufw,fqNkd y;D tjiif;yGm;Muw,f/ (jcaoFEh iS hf awm0ufukd
jiif;ckecf ikd ;f yg) olwEYkd pS af umif jiif;ckeaf ewmudk opfyifay:u vif;wBu;D awGu oGm;&nf
wrsm;rsm;eJY apmifMh unfah eMuw,f/ (vif;wrsm;tcsi;f csi;f ajymqdo k ½kyaf qmif&ef)
'gudk olwEYkd pS af umif owdjyKrv
d u kd wf ,f/ ]]igwd'Yk v
D &kd efjzpfae&if b,forl S a&raomuf
&bJ vif;wtpm jzpfomG ;vdrrhf ,f/}} ]]at;? [kww f ,f? igwdt Yk wlwl aomufMuwmaygh}}vdYk
ajym&if; a&udk twlaomufvu kd Mf uw,f/ vif;wawGu olwu Ykd Mkd unfNh y;D rdiI u
f somG ;
owJ/h
tm;vkH;udk yHkjyiftwdkif;o½kyfaqmifapyg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
24
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
3/ (c) ½kyfyHkum;csyfESifh pum;ajymydkpwmtoHk;jyKjcif;
Ä r*¾Zif;? *sme,fawGxu
J uav;awGeYJ oifah vsmw
f yhJ akH wGukd n§yNf y;D uav;awGeYJ
yHt
k aMumif;ajymyg/
Ä ]]'Dyx
kH rJ mS bmawGawGU&ovJ}} ar;cGe;f rsKd ;eJt
Y pjyKyg/ uav;awG vGwv
f w
G v
f yfvyf
ajymvmatmif tzGiahf r;cGe;f awG ar;ay;yg/
Ä pum;ajymenf;wJ?h ajymzdt
Yk cuftcJ&adS eao;wJh uav;i,fawGtwGuf ]]tdr}f }udjk yyg?
acG;ua&mb,frmS vJ}} vdaYk r;Ny;D vufñK§d ;eJaY xmufjyckid ;f yg/
Ä uav;rjrifz;l ao;wJh yHak wGuv
kd nf;jycdik ;f yg/ Oyrm-]]aumuf½;kd yHb
k ,frmS vJ}} tjyifrmS
rjrifz;l cif ½kyyf u
kH ae uav;awG odapEdik yf gw,f/
Ä ydpk wmyHak wGurkd jycif jywif;aygufawG? pum;ajymuGuaf wGeYJ pOf;pm;uGuaf wGukd
BuKd wifxnhx f m;Ny;D toH;k jyKyg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
25
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä pum;ajymuGuef YJ pOf;pm;uGuaf wGukd toH;k jyKwt
hJ cg yHx k u
J Zmwfaumifujkd yNy;D
]]ol b majymaevJ } }? ]]ol b mawG ; aeovJ } }vd Y k a r;yg/ pmBud K a&;rxm;ygeJ Y /
uav;ajymwJh pum;udyk J a&;jyyg/
wwfEdkiforQ uav;rsm;a&SUrSm a&;jyyg/ ta&mifuGJawG?

pmvHk;BuD;awG? oauFw½kyfyHkawGudk wvSnfhpDoHk;jyyg/
Ä aemuf&ufawGrmS atmufygacgif;pOfrsm;eJY qufvufaqG;aEG;yg/

Oyrm- qefpyg;ydpk wmrS
ouf&Sd oufrJh
<uuf tdrf
Muuf qdik f
aMumif *dak 'gif
acG; pm;yGJ
vl xD;
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
26
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ oif,l&mae&mrsm;wGif upm;csdef
ECD rlBuKd ausmif;awGrmS toH;k jyKwhJ ypön;f trsm;pk[m open-ended games vdaYk c:wJh
b,fvkd vkyv f yk &f wJh uav;&JU pdwu f ;l zefw;D rIudk tm;ay;wJh upm;p&mawGjzpfMuygw,f/
upm;p&mawGuvnf; pdwBf uKd u?f upm;csed af wGuvnf; pdwBf uKd uf vGwv f w
G v
f yfvyf upm;cGihf
ay;avh&MdS uygw,f/ 'gayr,fh uav;awG upm;aecsed rf mS q&mawG&UJ pum;ajymay;wm?
twlupm;ay;wm? vdktyfwJhyHhydk;rIawG rvkyfao;oa&GUawmh bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rIeJY
upm;enf;u&r,hf pum;vHk;a0g[m&eJY uRrf;usifrIawG (tvSnfhus? xyfwlnDjcif;?
uGjJ ym;jcif;? tpOfvu kd f tp&Sw
d )hJ oabmw&m;awGukd &rSmr[kwyf gbl;/
uav;awG pOf;pm;ÓPfxufoefatmif 'Dvdkar;ay;yg/

à uav;bmvkyaf evJ qdw
k mudk ajymjyygOD;/
à 'Dae&mrSm pkNy;D bmawGjzpfaewmvJ/
à 'g&JUtajzudo
k ad tmifb,fvv
kd yk rf vJ/
à 'Dvv
kd yk v
f Ykd &Edik w
f ,fvx
Ykd ifovm;/
à rsupf x
d aJ y:vmatmif ajymjyygOD;vm;/
à wu,fvYkd 'gqd&k if ——
à 'gudk b,fvv
kd yk cf o
hJ vJ qdw
k mudk ajymjyygOD;/
à 'geJyY wfoufNy;D uav;b,fvpkd Of;pm;cJw
h mvJ/
à wjcm;pOf;pm;rdwhJ enf;vrf;&Sad o;vm;/
à 'gudk wjcm;b,fvekd nf;vrf;awGeYJ vkyv
f &Ykd Edik rf ,fvYkd xifovJ/
à bmtcuftcJ&EdS ikd rf ,fvx
Ykd ifovJ/
à wu,fvYkd tJ'v
D jkd zpf&if b,fvckd pH m;&rvJ/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
27
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uav;awG xdxda&mufa&muf upm;vmatmif ckvdk vIHUaqmf? vrf;ñTefay;yg/
à uav;ta&mufenf;wJh oif,&l mae&mawG
rSm ud,
k w
f ikd o
f mG ;a&muf upm;jyyg/
à uav;awG&UJ upm;yHu k kd avhvmtuJ cwfyg/
pdw0f ifpm;rI&&dS UJ vm;? tcsi;f csi;f tvSnu
hf s
a0rQupm;&J U vm;? tcuf t cJ & S d a evm;
pwmawGuykd g avhvmyg/
à rupm;bJaeaewJh uav;awG&?dS r&Sd Munf½h I
avhvmyg/ rkex Yf yk u
f ikd x
f m;wJh uav;awG
rupm;MuwmrdYk vufxrJ mS bmudik x f m;ovJ Munfyh g/ rkepYf m;&r,ft
h csed ?f pm;&r,fh
ae&mrSmyJ cGijhf yKaMumif;ajymyg/
à upm;p&mawGu vG,v
f eG ;f ? cufveG ;f ? enf;vGe;f wmrsK;d eJY vlO;D a& rrQwwmrsKd ;awGrmS
uav;awGrupm;awmhbJ upOfu h vsm;jzpfwwfwmudk owdjyKyg/
à rupm;bJ aeaewJu
h av; rsm;ae&if rdr&d UJ jyifqifxm;rIeYJ ywfoufNy;D vdt
k yfcsuu
f kd
oH;k oyfyg/
à upm;p&mrvHkavmufwJh jyóemudk tkef;rIwfcGuf? ausmufcJ? wkwfacsmif; pwJh
ywf0ef;usirf mS &Sw
d yhJ pön;f awG pkaqmif;Ny;D ajz&Si;f yg/
à uav;awG pdw0f ifwpm; upm;aecsed f ar;jref;wmrsKd ;a&Smifyg/ upm;wmudk taESmuf
t,Sujf zpfapygw,f/
à tcsi;f csi;f a0rQupm;aewm? upm;Ny;D jyeford ;f wmudk jrifwikd ;f cs;D rGr;f ay;yg/
à wpfcgwav uav;wpftyk pf ek ?YJ wpfcgwav uav;wpfa,mufcsi;f pDet
YJ wl tcsed af y;
upm;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
28
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ (u) upm;enf;rsm;upm;&efae&m
Ä bmompum;eJY tajccHta&;? tzwf? ocsmF awGeq YJ ikd w
f hJ upm;enf;awG upm;wJh
ae&mrSm q&m&JU tultnDvrkd mS jzpfwt
hJ wGuf rMumcP OD;aqmifupm;ay;yg/
Ä rSwfÓPfupm;p&myHkawG rMumcP a&maxG;oGm;wwfwJhtwGuf wpfywfrSm
rSwÓ
f PfwpfrsKd ;pDeYJ wpfb;l rSm (28)pHx
k u
J (12)pHpk D tvSnu
hf s xm;ay;yg/
Ä aeYwikd ;f rSm q&mrtultnDvw kd hJ csw
d q
f ufupm;p&m? ,SOw
f u
JG pm;p&m? yHw
k x
l yf?
rSwÓ
f Pf? 'drk ED kd pwJh bl;xJu upm;p&mawGukd uav;awG aumif;aumif; upm;
wwfatmif twlupm;ay;yg/
4/ (c) pmzwf&efae&m
Ä jzpfEikd &f if pmtkyaf wGurkd oH;k cif vuft&ifaq;cdik ;f yg/ pmtkyv
f eS w f t
hJ cg wHawG;
qGww f wfwt hJ usiu
hf kd azsmufay;yg/ ud,
k w
f ikd v
f nf; rvkyjf yygeJ/Y
Ä rMumrMum pmtkyef YJ upm;p&mawGukd oef&Y iS ;f a&;vkyaf y;yg/ roH;k cifuwnf;u
b,fvt kd oH;k jyK&r,f qdw
k mudk BuKd wifajymjyyg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
29
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ (*) wl&d,mypönf;rsm;wD;cwfupm;&efae&m
Ä wl&, d mypön;f awGeu
YJ pm;wJt h cg oHpOfeYJ pnf;0g;udk em;vnfapzdYk prf;oyfavhvm
cdik ;f yg/ pnf;0g;tvdu k f wD;cwfwwfatmif oifMum;ay;yg/
Ä wl&,
d mypön;f awGukd toH;k jyKaewJt
h cg qlnrH aezdt
Yk wGuf 'Dvv
kd rf;nTeyf g/
- toHqw
JG mu b,f[mvJ/ (pnf;? AH?k bl;rsm;?..)
- toHjywfwmu b,f[mvJ/ (0g;? 0g;vufcyk ?f tcsKd &nfyv
k if;zH;k rsm;? ..)
- toHqeJG YJ toHjywf wpfrsKd ;pDw;D Munf&h atmif? 2rsKd ;pDa&mNy;D wD;Munf&h atmif/
- 0g;? opfom;wH;k ? om;a&? ow¦K pwJyh pön;f trsKd ;tpm;tvdu
k f cGjJ cm;wD;cwfcikd ;f yg/
- b,focD si;f tvdu
k u
f kd wD;MurvJ/
- wD;cwfwt
hJ cg pnf;0g;tvdu
k f pdwu
f ;l zefw;D Ny;D vIy&f mS ;wwfatmif tm;ay;yg/
- jzpfEikd &f if rdr½d ;kd &mwl&,

d mypön;f awG pkaqmif;xm;Ny;D oHpOfawGukd rdwq
f uf
ay;yg/
4/ (C) vufrIvkyf&efae&m
Ä 'Dt&G,u f av;awG[m t0wfacguf? puúLacgufvyk &f wm ESpo f ufMuwJt
h wGuf
vufow k yf 0gawG? a&mifppkH uúLawG pkaqmif;xm;Ny;D acgufcsKd ;nDcsKd ;wm? av;axmifyh ?kH
Bw*d yH kH pwJv h ,
G u
f wl yhJ akH wGukd uRr;f usiaf tmiftcGiahf y;yg/
Ä puúLeJrY acgufcif vufow
k f
yk0gvdk t0wfeYJ t&if avh
usiahf y;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
30
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä uav;awGo;kH r,fh vufrt I Ekynmypön;f awGukd olwv Ykd ufvrS ;f rDwhJ piferd ehf rd ahf wGrmS
xm;ay;yg/ ypön;f opfawGukd wpfcck si;f jznfah y;yg/ rifuek o
f mG ;wJh a&mifpakH qmhyifawG
udk z,fxw
k Nf y;D upm;enf;awGupm;r,fah e&m (od)Yk oJupm;r,fah e&mrSm xm;ay;yg/
Ä n§yv
f rYkd &wJh uwfaMu;awGukd rxm;ay;ygeJ/Y uav;u olnv
hH Ykd n§yv
f rYkd &wmvdYk
xifvrd rhf ,f/
Ä vufrv I yk if ef;awGtem;rSm t0wfp? owif;pma[mif;eJY a&udk xm;ay;yg/ tvGwf
yef;csv
D yk if ef;udk jzpfEikd &f if aeYwikd ;f xm;ay;yg/ uav;awGqNJG y;D aemuf olwb
Ykd mom
tajcmufveS ;f vd&Yk atmif BuKd ;wef;cyferd ehf rd ehf YJ t0wfny§ u f vpfawG t&efoifh
xm;ay;yg/
Ä upm;csed Nf y;D cgeD; ypön;f odr;f zdo

Yk wday;yg/ (5)rdepftvdrk mS ]]upm;Ny;D &iford ;f r,f}}
oDcsi;f qd&k if; twlwuG ypön;f odr;f qnf;yg/
5/ vufaq;csdefESifh xrif;pm;csdef
xrif;pm;zdt Yk wGuf vufaq;zdYk tvSnu
hf sapmifah ecsed rf mS uav;awG pdwt
f ajymif;tvJ
jzpfatmif oDcsi;f av;awGq?kd b,fobl m[if;ygvmw,f? b,focl suaf y;w,f pojzifh pum;
pjrnfajymyg/ tultnDvw
kd hJ uav;awGuykd J ulay;yg/ vufaq;csed ef ?YJ pm;aomufcsed af wGrmS
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
31
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uav;awGukd ud, k w
f ikd v
f yk cf iG ahf y;&if;? ud,
k t
hf m;ud,
k u
f ;kd pdwef UJ rsupf ed v
YJ uf [efcsun
f n
D D
xde;f wwfatmif avhusichf iG ahf y;yg/
à uav;awGMumMumrapmifh&atmif vufaq;a&ZvHkawGudk vHkvHkavmufavmuf

xm;ay;yg/
à uav;twGuf cufcw
J hJ xrif;bl;zGiw
hf mrsKd ;uvGv
J Ykd ud,
k b
hf momud,
k pf m;zdYk wdu
k w
f eG ;f yg/
à xrif;pm;cgeD; rzdwaf tmif b,fopl m;Edik o

f vJ ar;yg/
à xrif;pm;aecsdef [if;tm;vHk;rSm b,f[if;ta&mifu trsm;qHk;? b,folubm
BuKd uw
f ,f? b,f[if;pm;&if bmtwGuaf umif;w,fqwkd m ajymyg/
à csKd ? csO?f ief? cg;pwJh t&omtrsKd ;rsKd ;udk cGjJ cm;em;vnfatmif ygvmwJ[
h if;awGxu
J
cGjJ cm;jyyg/
à xrif;tMumBu;D pm;wwfwhJ uav;awGukd ]]twlw0l g;pm;Mur,f}} ajymNy;D twlw0l g;?
twlw
l l rsKd cscikd ;f yg/ rrsKd csao;ol&?dS r&Sad r;yg/ aemufwpfvw
k u
f kd twlwuGjyefpm;cdik ;f yg/
à uav;awG&UJ xrif;? [if;awGukd avhvmtuJcwfyg/ wu,fvYkd uav;wpfa,mufu
tm[m&rrQwwJ[ h if;rsKd ; aeYwikd ;f ygvm&if rdbawGukd ynmay;aqG;aEG;yg/
à tdrfu xrif;bl;rxnfhay;wm? xrif;bl;tcsdefrDrydkYwmrsdK;awG rjzpfatmifvnf;
rdbawGukd today;wdu
k w
f eG ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
32
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
6/ tdyfcsdef(odkY) tem;,lcsdef
wpfreufv;kH vIy&f mS ;upm;Ny;D wJah emuf uav;awGtem;,lzv Ykd t kd yfygw,f/ uav;
wpfa,mufeJY wpfa,muf tdyfcsdefyHkpHrwlMuovdk tdyfcsdefvdktyfcsufvnf; rwlMuygbl;/
'gaMumifh uav;wdik ;f rtdyrf ae&qdNk y;D twif;tMuyfrvkyyf geJ/Y 'Dvv kd yk &f if ausmif;vmzdYk
aMumufomG ;Edik yf gw,f/ uav;awG aumif;aumif;tem;,lzu Ykd om t"duyg/
à ]]tck tm;vH;k vSNJ y;D tem;,lMur,f/ vufuav;awGa&m? ajcaxmufawGuykd g Nird Nf ird f

av;xm;r,f}}vdYk ajymyg/
à tdrrf mS acsmo
h yd af vh&w
dS uhJ av;udk tpydik ;f rSm tdru
f yHpk t
H wdik ;f vkyaf y;yg/ wjznf;jznf;eJY
ud,
k b hf momud, k f tdyw f wfvmatmif avhusiahf y;yg/
à tdycf sed rf mS ao;aygufwwfwhJ uav;udk rtdycf if ½SL;wnfzrYkd arhygeJ/Y 'Duav;awGrmS
pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f mvdt
k yfcsuw
f pfrsKd ;rsKd ; &Sw
d wfwt
hJ wGuf olwt
Ykd aMumif; ydo
k ad tmifvyk yf g/
à uav;awGtyd af ecsed rf mS jcifrudu
k af tmif? at;wJah 'orSm aEG;aEG;axG;axG;&Sad tmif
vkyaf y;yg/
à tcsed t
f MumBu;D tdyw f wfwu hJ av;udk apmapmtdycf idk ;f yg/ tm;vH;k x&r,ft
h csed rf mS
tvG,w f ul Ek;d xEdik af tmif oDcsi;f oHav;awGay;yg/
à aeYv,frtdyw
f wfwhJ uav;awGeYJ apmapmEd;k wwfwhJ uav;awGukd toHrxGuw
f hJ
upm;p&m? zwfp&mpmtkyf (od)Yk a&;jcpfp&mrsKd ;awGay;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
33
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
7/ jyefvnfoHk;oyfjcif;ESifh EIwfqufjcif;
tdy&f mEd;k Ny;D aemuf a&tdr0f ifjcif;? tqmajypm;jcif;? ½d;k &mupm;enf;rsm;upm;jcif;wdYk
jyKvkyfNyD;ygu oDcsif;uAsmrsm;&Gwfqdkjcif;? Asnf;uAsmESifh Asnf;trnfrsm;&Gwfqdkjcif;wdkY
qufvufjyKvyk yf g/ xdaYk emuf wpfaeYwmtwGuf jyefaET;jcif;ESihf EIwq f ufjcif;udk yHrk eS v
f yk yf g/
tJ'tD csed rf mS uav;awGukd tm;ustwk, k al pcsiw
f hJ tjyKtrlawGukd tm;ay;yg/ aemufwpfaeY
ausmif;vmvdpk w d f &Sad tmifvnf; vHaYI qmfay;yg/
à 'DaeY upm;&wmaysmo
f vm;/
à taysmq
f ;kH u bmvky&f wJt
h csed v
f /J
à 'Dreuf bmtaMumif; em;axmifco
hJ vJ/
à reufuem;axmifcw
hJ hJ ]]—-}}taMumif;^yHjk yifukd BuKd uo
f vm;/ bmjzpfvv
Ykd /J
à reufu ausmif;vmwJt
h cg idw
k o
hJ rl &Sv
d Ykd q&mr odyaf ysmw
f ,f/ reufjzefa&m idrk ,fo
h l
&Srd mS vm;/
à reufu opfom;wH;k upm;wJah e&mrSm oEÅmrsKd ;wd?Yk eDeaD xG;wdYk twlwl aygif;upm;Muwm
odyaf umif;w,f/
à 'DrSmMunfhprf;? aemfab;abqGJwJh
yHak v;u odyMf unfv
h aYkd umif;wmyJ/
reufjzef b,fol bmyHq k rJG mS vJ/
à EIwqf ufocD si;f wpfy'k ?f ESpyf 'k q
f Nkd y;D
reufjzeftm;vHk;udk arQmfaer,fvdkY
rSmyg/ txl;ojzifh ausmif;rSmraysmf
ao;wJh uav;awGudk oD;oefYEIwf
qufrSmMum;yg/ ]]armifpdk;aomif;eJY
armifoef;xGe;f reufjzef apmapmvmaemf/ q&mr arQmaf er,f}}/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
34
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
oif,ljcif;ESifh uav;rsm;tm;
xda&mufpGmoif,lapjcif;
1/ oif,ljcif;
à oif,jl cif;qkw
d m obm0ywf0ef;usi&f UJ tpdwt
f ydik ;f wpf&yf jzpfw,f/
à uav;awG&UJ oif,jl cif;[m tm½Hik g;yg;tay:tajccHw,f/
oif,ljcif;ESifh uav;rsm;tm;xda&mufpGmoif,lapjcif;
à uav; wpfcck k oif,cl NhJ y;D wmudk jyefaET;yg/ bmNy;D bmvkyo
f mG ;w,f qdw
k mudk (jzpfpOf)
jyefar;ay;yg/
xyfNy;D oif,v
l pkd w
d f oif,v
l pkd w
d f
oif,rl jI zpf vHUI aqmfrI
à uav;taeeJY pdw0f ifwpm;&Sw

d hJ t&mwpfcck t
k ay: wufwuf<u<u vkyaf qmifciG &hf wJh
tawGUtMuKH awGrmS oif,wl wfajrmufMuw,f/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
35
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à uav; b,favmufoif,w l ,fqw
kd m olrY mS tawGUtBuKH b,favmuf&o
dS vJqw
kd hJ
tay: rlwnfaeygw,f/
à tjyKoabmaqmifwJh a0zeftMuHjyKcsufawG? trSm;vkyfcGifhawG? atmifjrifrI
tcGifhtvrf;awG[m aysmf&TifzG,foif,lrIawG jzpfw,f/
à uav;&JUvdt
k yfcsu?f uav;&JUt&nftcsi;f eJY udu
k n
f rD yS J pdwyf g0ifpm;zG,f jzpfygvdrhf
r,f/
2/ bmompum;ESifh ta&;? tzwf oifMum;jcif;

uav;awGukd bmompum;eJY ta&;tzwfoifay;zdYk taumif;qH;k enf;uawmh olwYkd obm0
t& pl;prf;vdpk w
d u
f kd vHUI aqmfay;jcif;jzpfw,f/
à [efaqmif a&;? [efaqmifzwfzYkd tm;ay;yg/
à pma&;ud&,
d mrsKd ;pHk xm;ay;yg/ (pm&Guyf pkH t
H rsKd ;rsKd ;? cJw?H a&mifpckH w
J ?H aqmhyif? rmum?
ausmufoifyek ;f ? ausmufw?H ...)
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
36
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à oifyek ;f ay:rSm a&;jyyg/ olwu
Ykd v
kd nf;a&;cdik ;f yg/
Ä pkaygif;aqG;aEG;csdefrSm a,musfm;uav;? rdef;uav; a&wGufcdkif;yg/ NyD;awmh
oifykef;ay:a&;jyyg/ tm;vHk;jyefaygif;a&wGufjyNyD; oifykef;ay: ckvdka&;jyyg/
aemuf&ufawGrmS uav;wpfa,mufukd OD;aqmifa&wGucf ikd ;f yg/ uav; ra&;
wwfao;&if eHygwfpmvH;k udk a&G;Ny;D uyfcikd ;f yg/
Ä qufNy;D awmh tJ'D rd;k av0otajctaeudk 'Dvakd &;jyyg/
'DaeY aeyl w,f/
à uav;taeeJY wdk;wufvmw,f? igwwfoGm;NyDvdkYcHpm;&atmif BudK;pm;a&;orQudk
tm;ay;cs;D rGr;f yg/
à uav;awGox d m;wmudk tajcjyKNy;D rodao;wmawGukd jznfph u
G o
f ifay;yg/ Oyrm?
ig;taMumif;oifwthJ cg-
Ä ig;taMumif;udk uav;awG b,favmufox
d m;ovJukd t&ifazmfxw
k yf g/ Ny;D rS
uav;rodao;wmudo k ifyg/
Ä ig;eJYywfoufwJh pum;vHk;awG wwfEkdiforQ oifay;yg/ aMu;cGH&SdwJhig;&Sdovdk
aMu;cGHr&SdwJh ig;awGvnf;&Sdw,f? yg;[yfuae touf½SLMuw,fqdkwmrsdK;udk
twif;,Hck ikd ;f r,ft
h pm; prf;oyfppfaq;cdik ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
37
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä ig;ESihf iSuf EdiI ;f ,SOaf qG;aEG;yg/
ig; iS u f
a&ul;Edik f -
- ysEH ikd f
ql;awmif&dS -
- awmify&H dS
aMu;cG&H dS -
- tarG;&Sd
à ta&;tzwfeYJ ocsmF tajccHwu Ykd kd ckvEkd idI ;f ,SONf y;D

cGJjcrf;pdyfjzmjyyg/ iSufaysmoD;eJY o&ufoD;wdkYudk
vufawGUprf;oyfNy;D wJt h cg yHt
k wdik ;f EdiI ;f ,SOjf cif;
jyKvyk jf yyg/
à aeYpOftawGUtMuHKawGeJY wwfEdkiforQqufpyfay;yg/ udk,foif,lapcsifwmudk

aeYpOfvyk af eus tpDtpOfawGrmS yg0ifatmif zefw;D Buq
H yg/ ta&;tzwfoifjcif;udk
olwdkY&JUaeYpOfb0eJY qufEG,frI&Sdatmif qufpyfay;yg/
Ä Oyrm- [if;csuw f rf; upm;aecsed rf mS aps;
0,fpm&if;eJY [if;trnfpm&if;? q&m0ef
vkywf rf;upm;aecsed rf mS aomufaq;trnf
pm&if;? ..pwmawGukd [efaqmif a&;cdik ;f
yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
38
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä t0wftdwfwpfvHk;xJrSm Asnf;pmvHk;awG xnfh
xm;yg/ uav;wpfa,mufudk ]]c&rf;oD; csupf m;
r,f? ]c} pmvH;k av; ,lay;yg}}vdYk ajymyg/ uav;,l
ay;wJh pmvH;k u ]y} jzpfae&if ]]pmzwfwwfawmhrmS
ygvm;}}vdYk t&if cs;D rGr;f yg/ Ny;D rS ]]atmf 'gu ]y}
qdak wmh yJjyKwpf m;csiv
f v Ykd m;}} vdaYk r;yg/
3/ tywfpOfoifcef;pmudk csJUxGifoifMum;jcif;
tao;pdwf us,u f s,jf yefjY yefY oifMum;Edik af vaumif;avygyJ/ acgif;pOfa&G;wJt
h cg uav;awGeYJ
qdik w
f m? uav;awG&if;ES;D wm? uav;awGpw d 0f ifwpm;eJY vufawGUprf;oyfoif,El idk w
f mudk
a&G;oifyg/
Oyrm- t"dutacgif;pOf / / ,mOftrsK;d rsK;d ô,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;
yxrtywf / / armfawmfum;taMumif;
'kw,
d tywf / / pufb;D ? qdu
k mú ;taMumif;
wwd,tywf / / bD;trsK;d rsK;d taMumif;
à ,mOftrsKd ;rsKd ; taMumif;aqG;aEG;csed rf mS . . .
Ä a&mifppkH uúLeJY puf0idk ;f yk?H pwk&ef;yk?H pwk*yH ?Hk Bw*d yH Hk pwJyh pHk t
H rsK;d rsKd ; ñSyx
f m;yg/
uav;i,fawGukd pm&GuBf u;D wpfcak y:rSm pdwBf uKd uyf akH zmfuyfcikd ;f Ny;D uav;tBu;D
awGukd ,mOfypHk aH wGazmfcikd ;f yg/ olwpYkd w d u f ;l &Sw
d thJ wdik ;f ykaH zmfcikd ;f yg/ erlemykpH H
vkyjf yzdrYk vdyk g/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
39
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä ta0;ajy;vrf;rBu;D ykpH u H kd pm&GuBf u;D wpf&u G rf mS qGx
J m;yg/ wnfaqmufupm;zdYk
opfom;wH;k eJY um;½kyaf v;awGvnf; xm;ay;yg/ Ny;D awmhuav;awGukd vrf;rBu;D &JU
ab;wpfzufwpfcsurf mS taqmuftODawG wnfaqmufapNy;D taqmuftODrsm;
Mum;&Sd vrf;rBuD;ay:rSm um;armif;wrf; upm;apyg/ uav;&JUpdwful;awGudk
azmfxw k cf iG ahf y;yg/ rD;yGKd iahf wGeYJ um;&yfem;zdYk trSwt f om;awGvnf; xnfEh ikd yf gw,f/
Ä &xm;taMumif;oifwJhtywfrSm twkvkyfwrf;upm;zdkYtwGuf blwm½kH? c&D;

onf? tdw?f jcif;awmif;awGukd owfrw S jf yifqifxm;Ny;D armif;ol? vufrw S pf pf?
vufrwS af &mif;? c&D;onfeYJ aps;onfawGukd owfrw S yf g/ &xm;eJcY &D;xGucf gG yHk
toHawGjyKNy;D vrf;rSmjrifwmawGukd ar;yg/ ]]a[m uefxrJ mS uRaJ wGbmvkyaf eovJ/
"mwfBuKd ;ay:rSm iSuaf wGukd awGUovm;? tp&So d jzif.h ../
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
40
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à oifcef;pmwpfcck t k aMumif; aqG;aEG;aecsed rf mS ud, k o f ifaewJh taMumif;t&m r[kww f hJ
udpw ö pfcck k jzpfysucf &hJ if Oyrm-avjyif;wdu k v
f mwJt h cg oifaewJh oifcef;pmudk &yfxm;
Ny;D uav;awGukd opfyifawGavwdu k v f Ykd vIy&f mS ;yku
H kd Munfch ikd ;f yg/ avb,fuvmovJ
ar;yg/ Ny;D awmh tm;vH;k twlwuG vufawGukd avwdu k v f v Ykd yI af ewJh opfuikd ;f awGvkd
a0S, Y rf;ckid ;f yg/ ]]tjrifq h ;Hk qefNY y;D a0S,
Y rf;r,f? cyferd ehf rd rhf mS a0S, Y rf;r,f? ywfcsmvnf
a0SY,rf;r,f}}vdkYwdkifay;yg/ NyD;awmhuav;wcsdKUudk zsmay:rSmvSJcscdkif;vdkufNyD;
usefwJhuav;awGudk opfwkH;awGudk vSdrfhwGef;wJhykHpHtwdkif; vSJaewJhuav;awGudk
vSrd w hf eG ;f ckid ;f yg/ aemufwpfBurd rf mS ]]tckuav;awGtm;vk;H opfv;kH jzpfomG ;Ny}D } ajymNy;D
uav;tm;vH;k opfv;Hk awGvkd ud, k b hf momuk, d v f rdS o
hf mG ;cdik ;f yg/
à uav;awGtaeeJY taMumif;t&mwpfckcktay: vufawGUprf;oyfoif,lwmudk
usio
hf m;&vmNy;D wJt
h cg aemuftywfrmS bmudpk rf;oyfvyk u f ikd cf sio
f vJ ar;yg/ bmvkyf
r,f? bmawGvrkd ,fqw kd hJ pm&if;udk uav;awGeYJ twlqyJG g/ vdt k yfwyhJ pön;f awGukd
rdbawGqu D yg tultnDawmif;Ny;D vufawGUvkyu f ikd f oif,cl iG ahf y;yg/ (Oyrm-csOaf ygif
aMumf? vufzufow k ?f wk[ d ;l okw?f rkev Yf ;kH a&ay:? iSuaf ysmxky?f MumZH[if;cg;? ...)
vufawGUvkyaf qmifrt I qifq h ifrh mS uav;awG ygEdik o f rQ yg0ifcikd ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
41
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à &GmxJavhvma&;c&D; xGufNyD;wJhtcg pm&GufBuD;ay:rSm uav;awGjrifawGYcJhwJh
taqmuftODawGukd opfom;wH;k awGeYJ aqmufvyk cf ikd ;f yg/ Oyrm-ausmif;? bk&m;
ausmif;^bk&m;? aps; pojzifh ... pm&GuBf u;D ay:rSm vrf;trSwt f om;awG xnfch ikd ;f yg/
ajrykaH y:jzpfjzpf? oJuefrmS jzpfjzpf wnfaqmufupm;cdik ;f yg/
à opfoD;taMumif; avhvmwJhtcg trsm;qkH;pm;avh&SdwJh opfoD;av;rsKd;ykHudk

wpfrsdK;rSmig;ck? ajcmufckjzwfxm;NyD; Murf;jyiftv,frSm Z,m;ykHeJYtwl csxm;yg/

uav;awGukd olwBYkd uKd uwf hJ toD;udk a&G;cdik ;f yg/ Ny;D awmhZ,m;ay:rSm wdyef u
YJ yfcikd ;f yg/
tm;vkH;uyfNyD;wJhtcg twef;xJrSm vlBudKuftrsm;qkH;toD;eJY tBudKuftenf;qkH;
toD;awGtaMumif; aqG;aEG;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
42
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à aeYeYJ ntaMumif; oifwt hJ cg aeykeH YJ
vykHwdkYudk pm&Gufwpf&GufpDrSmqGJNyD;
eH&HrSm uyfxm;yg/ ]]b,ftcsdefrSm
aeomNyD; b,ftcsdefrSm vomvJ}}
ar;yg/ ]]aeY tcsed rf mS bmawGvyk o
f vJ?
ntcsd e f r S m bmawG v k y f o vJ } }
qufar;yg/
à cE¨mudk,ftaMumif; oifwJhtcg uav;ajcz0g;awGudk aq;a&mifjc,fay;NyD;
pm&Gufta[mif;(odkY) owif;pmpm&Gufay:rSm vrf;avQmufckdif;yg/ ajc&mav;awG
wpfjznf;jznf;ta&mifazsmo h mG ;wmudk avhvmrSwo
f m;cdik ;f yg/ ajc&muav;awGuv
kd nf;
EIid ;f ,SOcf ikd ;f yg/ Ny;D &if qyfjyma&eJY aq;ay;yg/
à wd&pämefawGtaMumif;udk avhvmoif,w l ahJ eYawGrmS wd&pämeft½kyaf wGukd oJxrJ mS
zGuxf m;yg/ wd&pämef½yk yf u kH wfjym; wpfyckH si;f udjk yNy;D ykpH w
H t
l aumifukd &Smcdik ;f yg/ rSe?f
rrSef wdu k Mf unfch ikd ;f yg/ yifu h t l aMumif;oifwhJ aeYrmS pm&Guw f pf&u
G pf rD mS yifuh t
l rd f
wpfcpk D a&;qGx J m;Ny;D pm&Gu&f UJ xdyrf mS eHygwfwpfcpk D a&;xm;ay;yg (1 rS 5xd)/ yef;uef
jym;wpfcsyx f rJ mS ydwpf ydik ;f av;cif;Ny;D ydwpf pdak tmifaq;&nfxnfyh g/ uav;awGukd
olwYkd vufruav;awGeYJ ydwpf ay:ESyd cf ikd ;f Ny;D yifu h tl rd af y:rSm a&;xm;wJh eHygwftvdu k f
yifu
h t l jzpf vufreJY ykEH ydS cf idk ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
43
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
wjcm;enf;uawmh uav;awGukd yifu h t
l rd af y:rSm pdwBf uKd uyf ifu
h yl aHk wG ykEH ydS af pyg/
Ny;D awmh uav;eJt
Y wl yifu
h b
l ,favmuf&wdS mudk a&wGuNf y;D taumifta&twGuu f kd
a&;yg/
à &moDOwktaMumif;oifwhJ tywfrmS uav;awGukd ]]'DuaeY rd;k av0otajctae

b,fvvkd }J }vdYk ar;Ny;D rd;k av0oZ,m;rSm jrm;xk;d jycdik ;f yg/ aemufNy;D atmufygwdu
Yk kd
qufvyk cf ikd ;f yg/
rd;k &GmwJah eY / / ZvH k w pf v H k ; rS m a&tenf ; i,f q G w f x m;wJ h

a&jrK§ yaf wG xnfx h m;yg/ uav;awGudk rd;k &Gm
atmif (rd;k &GmwJyh pkH t H wdik ;f ) tm;pku
d n
f p§ cf idk ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
44
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
aeyl / / aeomwJah eY aeylxcJ PxGu&f yfNy;D vl? opfyif?
acG;wd&Yk UJ t&dyaf wG avhvmcdik ;f yg/ acR;xGu&f if
a&rsm;rsm;aomuf&w,fajymNyD; tm;vHk;udk
a&aomufcidk ;f yg/ at;apwJh ypön;f awGukd ajym
ckid ;f yg/ pm&Guef YJ ,yfawmif acguf(od)Yk yHq
k yJG g/
vufow k yf 0geJY vufuikd yf 0gawGukd a&ZvHxk rJ mS xnfx

h m;ay;yg/ qyfjymeJY avQmzf yG f
cdik ;f yg/ auseyfavmufatmif avQmzf yG Nf y;D wJt
h cg aeylveS ;f cdik ;f yg/ aeylwahJ e&meJYJ t&dyu
f s
wJah e&mawGrmS cGNJ y;D vSe;f ckid ;f yg/ b,ft0wfawG t&ifajcmufr,fxifovJ ar;yg/
t0wfawG wjznf;jznf;ajcmufomG ;wmudk avhvmcdik ;f yg/
pmtkyfrsm;zwfjyNyD;aemuf
]]'dik Ef akd qmaeYrsm;}} pmtkyzf wfjyNy;D aemuf 'dik Ef akd qmt½d;k &SmazGwrf;upm;zdYk trJ½;kd
(od)Yk 0uf½;kd Bu;D awGukd aocsmaq;Ny;D tajcmufveS ;f yg/ uav;awGra&mufcif oJxrJ mS wpfcek YJ
wpfck cyfa0;a0;rSm jrK§ yx f m;yg/ uav;awGukd wl&iG ;f ? a*:jym;? rSeb f v
D ;l ? OD;xkyaf wG (a&S;a[mif;
ypön;f &SmazGa&;orm;awGv)kd udak y;Ny;D 'DaeY 'kEd akd qmt½d;k awG &SmMur,fvaYkd jymyg/ wl;azmfNy;D wJh
t½d;k awGukd b,ftpdwt f ydik ;f jzpfrvJvYkd ar;yg/ t½d;k awGeyYJ wfoufNy;D uav;awG pdw0f ifpm;
aeao;&if aemuf&ufawGrmS t½d;k yHak y:wJh "mwfreS af wG pkaqmif;jyNy;D b,fem;u t½d;k jzpfrvJ?
t½d;k awGukd bmeJzY ;kH xm;ovJ pojzifh aqG;aEG;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
45
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
]]wu,fviYkd uS jf zpfr,fq&kd if}} pmtkyfzwfjyNy;D aemuf pm&GuBf u;D (od)Yk oifyek ;f ay:rSm
]]wu,fv.Ykd ...jzpf&if...}}qdwk hJ Z,m;qGNJ y;D tusKd ;eJt
Y aMumif;udk uav;awGukd jznfch idk ;f yg/
wu,fvdkY ... &if ... jzpfvrd rhf ,f/

rd;k &Gm&if.. ajrBu;D awGpv
kd rd rhf ,f/
tcsKd rsm;rsm;pm;&if.. acsmif;qd;k vdrrhf ,f/
4/ odyÜHtajccHESifh ocsFmtajccHoabmw&m;rsm; oifMum;jcif;

4/ (u) odyÜHtajccHoabmw&m;rsm;
uav;awG odyt HÜ ajccHoabmw&m;awGukd ydrk ekd m;vnfatmif c½k? ausmufc?J wkwaf csmif;?
tyifi,f? yifu h t l rd ?f oyGwt f ?l rd?YI pwmawGukd csxm;ay;Ny;D prf;oyfciG ahf y;yg/ aqG;vG,w f hJ
trdu I af wGeYJ ajraqG;&atmif b,fvv kd yk &f aMumif; vufawGUjyyg/ yvwfpwpf&UJ qd;k usKd ;udk
uav;awG em;vnfvmygvdrfhr,f/ tyifi,fav;awG pdkufysdK;ckdif;yg/ uav;awG&JU
pdw0f ifpm;rItay:vku d Nf y;D ypön;f awGukd rMumrMum vJay;yg/ pl;prf;&SmazGvpkd w d uf kd tm;ay;zdYk
taxmuftuljyKwhJ ar;cGe;f awGukd uav;awGu, kd wf ikd f ar;wwfvmatmif ckvakd r;ay;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
46
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Oyrm – ]]abmvH;k udk vTwcf svu
kd &f if bmjzpfrvJ}}
]]yifu
h t
l rd rf mS yd;k rTm;awG b,fvrkd o
d mG ;wmvJ}}
]]rd;k &Gm&if iSuu
f av;awG b,frmS aeMuovJ}}
]]oJ t pd k a y:&yf w meJ Y oJ t ajcmuf a y:&yf w m
bmuGmjcm;ovJ}}
]]za,mif;wkid rf ;D udk cGuef YJ tkyv
f u
dk &f if bmaMumifh
rD;Nird ;f oGm;ovJ}}
]]tyifi,fukd avr0ifatmif yvwfpwpfeYJ tkyx f m;
&if bmjzpfvmrvJ}} ar;yg/ vufawGUvkyjf yyg/
à tif;qufrsm;ukdavhvmjcif; (ywf0ef;usif&Sd vdyfjym? ydk;[yf? jcif? yk&Gufqdwf?
aemufacs;yd;k aumifw&Ykd UJ aygufzmG ;yH?k tusKd ;jyKyekH YJ tEÅ&m,fjyKyrkH sm;)
à yef;rsm;ESifh t&Gufrsm;ukdavhvmjcif; (teHU? txdtawGU? ta&mifrsm;? yHkoP²mef

rsm;ESihf pku
d yf sKd ;apmifah &SmufyrkH sm;)
à opfaphrsm;ukdavhvmjcif; (ta&mif? t&G,f? yHkoP²meftrsdK;rsdK;? taphrStyif

aygufvmyH)k
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
47
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à ausmuf c J ? c½k ? urmrsm;uk d a vh v mjcif ; (txd t awG U ? t&G , f ? yH k o P² m ef ?
toH;k 0ifyrkH sm;)
à rd;k aumif;uifuadk vhvmjcif; (rd;k wdryf o

kH P²mefrsm;? ta&mif? a&GUvsm;aeyH?k wdrx
f ?l
aeom? rd;k av0otajymif;tvJrsm;)
à tyifaygufav;rsm;udk avhvmjcif; (trsdK;tpm;? pkdufysdK;apmifha&SmufyHkrsm;)

à tdrfarG;ârG;jrLa&; wd&pämefrsm;udk avhvmjcif; (tavhtx? jyKpkyHkrsm;)
à ywf0ef;usiw
f iG f av½daS Mumif;ESihf touf&iS &f efavvdt
k yfaMumif; (za,mif;wdik rf ;D ?
tyifukd yvwfpwpfet YJ yk )f
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
48
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à a&wG i f a ysmf 0 if a omt&mrsm;ES i f h raysmf 0 if E d k i f a omt&mrsm;ud k avh v mjcif ;
(a&xJwiG f jym? qm;? qefreI Uf ? qEGi;f rIeUf ? rJe,f wpfrsKd ;rsKd ;udk xnfNh y;D arTMunfch ikd ;f yg/
b,fypön;f uaysm0f ifr,f? raysmb f ;l qdwk m t&ifcefrY eS ;f cdik ;f yg/ vufawGUprf;oyf avhvm
cdik ;f yg/)
à tyifaygufvmyHktqifhqifhudk avhvmjcif;
0g*Grf;udk a&qGwfNyD; yJaphudk zefcGufxJrSmxnfhyg/ tay:uae
yvwfpwpfyg;yg;eJY tkyNf y;D av0ifaygufav;awG azmufxm;ay;yg/
yJaphuae tyifjzpfvmyHt k qifqh ifu
h kd avhvmcdik ;f yg/
à a&onf jrif&h mrS edr&hf modUk pD;qif;aMumif;udk avhvmjcif;
a&oefUbl;2 bl;udk wpfb;l udt k jrif?h wpfb;l udt
k edrrhf mS xm;Ny;D
ydkufeJY qufoG,fxm;yg/ tay:a&bl;xJ a&xnfhcdkif;yg/
atmufoUkd pD;qif;yHu
k kd Munf½h aI vhvmapyg/
à a&udkpkyf,lEkdifaom t&mESifh rpkyf,lEdkifaom t&mrsm;udk avhvmjcif;
za,mif;eJY yGwx f m;wJh puúLeJY yde;f &Guw
f Ykd tay:
rSm a&pufcs&if b,fvjkd zpfr,fxifvJ ar;yg/
vufawGUvkyjf yNy;D bmaMumifh a&rwifovJvYkd
ar;yg/ ½dk;½dk;puúLeJY t0wfprSm a&pufcs&if
b,fvakd er,fxifvJ ar;yg/ vufawGUvkyjf yyg/
à ta&mifajymif;jcif;udk avhvmjcif;
a&oefUbl;awGrmS a&xnfNh y;D ta&mifreI x
Yf nfch ikd ;f yg/ wjcm;ta&mifxyfxnfch ikd ;f yg/
ta&mifajymif;vJyu
kH kd Munfah pyg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
49
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à tvif;jyefjcif;udk avhvmjcif;
aea&mifwiG rf eS af xmifjyyg/ wjcm;
b,f y pö n f ; rS m tvif ; jyef r vJ
ar;yg/
à oufwHudk avhvmjcif;
vifAef;xJrSm a&qGwf½HkxnfhNyD; aea&mifrSm axmifjyyg/ vufEdSyf"mwfrD;eJYvnf;
xd;k jyEdik yf gw,f/
4/ (c) ocsFmtajccHoabmw&m;rsm;
uav;awG atmufygocsFmtajccHoabmw&m;awG em;vnfatmif ypönf;trsdK;rsdK;
pkaqmif;Ny;D yHyh ;kd ay;yg/
Ä yHo
k P²mefrsm; (puf0idk ;f ? av;axmif?h Bw*d )H
Ä tpDtpOfwus yHpk rH sm; (Oyrm-eD? jym? eD? jym? eD? ..tqif'ZD ikd ;f rsm;)
Ä wpfcEk iS w
hf pfcq
k ufE,
G rf o
I abm
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
50
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä tpOfvu
kd o
f abm (Bu;D pOfi,fvu
kd ?f i,fpOfBu;D vdu
k )f
Ä ,SOw
f w
JG wfjcif; (yHo
k P²mef? t&G,t
f pm;? ta&mif)
Ä wpfcv
k ;kH ESihf tpdwt
f ydik ;f wd\
Yk oabmw&m;rsm;
Ä t&m0w¬Krsm;udk tpDtpOfwus pDpOfjcif;? xm;wwfjcif;
Ä trsKd ;wl&mpkpnf;wwfjcif;
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
51
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä ajymqdq
k ufo,
G w
f wfjcif;
Ä twdik ;f twmoabmudo
k jd cif;
Ä jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Si;f wwfjcif;
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
52
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
upm;jcif;jzifhoif,lapjcif;
1/ upm;jcif;
uav;awGtwGuf upm;jcif;qdw k m ta&;Bu;D qH;k vdt
k yfcsuxf rJ mS ygygw,f/ 'gaMumifh rlBuKd
ausmif;&JUwpfaeYwmtcsed af wGxrJ mS upm;csed u
f t
kd rsm;qH;k xnfxh m;jcif;jzpfw,f/ uav;wdik ;f
upm;cGi&hf atmif bmvdo
k vJqw kd m yef;yHx
k uJ tcsuaf wGeYJ csed xf ;dk MunfNh y;D jznfq
h nf;ay;yg/
upm;enf;
trsKd ;rsKd ;
h if,al pjcif;
upm; upm;
csed f
upm;jcif; p&m
upm;zdYk
upm;jcif;jzifo
upm;azmff
ae&m
à q&mawGtaeeJY uav;wpfa,mufcsif;udk trSefwu,f upm;ae&JUvm;qdkwm

tNraJ vhvm tuJcwfae&ygr,f/
à touftvdu k f upm;wJt
h qifah wG rwl
wJhtwGuf olrsm;eJYra&mbJ tNrJwpf
a,mufwnf; upm;wwfwhJ rlBuKd uav;
udk tazmfet
YJ wl upm;wwfvmatmif
ulay;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
53
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à toufav;ESpaf usmv f m&if yl;aygif;upm;wwfvmatmif Zmwfaumiftvdu k f tcef;
u@cG, J Nl y;D upm;&wJh twkvyk w f rf;upm;enf;awGupm;zd?Yk vufrv
I yk if ef;wpfcu
k kd
tkypf ik ,fav;zGUJ Ny;D aygif;vkycf idk ;f wmrsKd ;wdu
Yk kd tm;ay;yg/
touftvdkuf upm;enf;tqifhqifh
Ä wpfO;D wnf;upm;jcif; (0-2 ESp)f
Ä ab;csi;f ,SOv
f suu
f pm;jcif; (2 ESpt
f xuf)
Ä twlwuGupm;jcif; (3ESpt
f xuf)
Ä yl;aygif;upm;jcif; (wm0efcu
JG pm;) (4ESpt
f xuf)
Ä pnf;urf;vku
d ef m&aomupm;jcif;rsm;(6ESpt
f xuf)
h if,al pjcif;
2/ ÓPf&nfzGHUNzdK;apaomupm;enf;rsm;
upm;jcif;jzifo
à upm;p&mwpfrsKd ;udk upm;enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJY yGm;upm;jyyg/

Ä Oyrm (1) xD;yHu
k wfjym;av;udzk u
G Nf y;D 'Dypön;f u rd;k &Gm&if rd;k rpdak tmif? aeylwchJ g
aerylatmif tumtuG,af y;w,f/ (rSe;f qupm;enf;)
Ä Oyrm (2) tJ'yD u
kH kd jyNy;D ]]xD;}}qdw
k yhJ pön;f emrnfuvGv
J Ykd tm;vH;k ajymyg/
(jrifwmudak jymupm;enf;)
Ä Oyrm (3) xD;yHek YJ wjcm;yHEk pS yf u
kH kd jyNy;D yHjk yifwpfy'k f ajymcdik ;f yg/ uav;awG rajym
wwfao;cif vrf;aMumif;ay;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
54
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à uav;(4)OD;udk uav;rsm;a&SUrSm rwfwwf&yfcikd ;f yg/ Ny;D &if useu f av;rsm;tm;vk;H udk
rsupf rd w
dS cf ikd ;f xm;Ny;D rwfwwf&yfaewJh uav;(4)OD;udk ae&majymif;&yfcikd ;f yg/ Ny;D awmh
uav;tm;vk;H udk rsupf jd yefziG chf ikd ;f Ny;D rwfwwf&yfaewJh uav;awGxuJ b,foal wG
ae&majymif;oGm;ovJvYkd ar;yg/
à wkwaf csmif;av;awG? ausmufp&pfcaJ v;awG? opf&u G af v;awGukd uav;wdik ;f a&SUrSm
h if,al pjcif;
yHkxm;ay;yg/ tJ'gawGeJY ykHpHtrsKd;rsKd; azmfjyyg/ uav;awGudk vdkufvkyfcdkif;yg/
aemufyikd ;f rSm uav;wpfa,mufukd jyefO;D aqmifcikd ;f Ny;D qufupm;ckid ;f yg/
à t&G,fwl wkwfacsmif;i,fav;rsm; (okdY) tat;ydkufawGudk ay;xm;yg/ NyD;awmh upm;jcif;jzifo

uav;awGeYJ ykpH t
H rsK;d rsK;d vkyyf g/ olw&Ykd UJ pdwu
f ;l awGukd avhvmyg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
55
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à ypön;f wpfrsK;d udk t&G,pf x
Hk m;ay;Ny;D tJ'yD pön;f udk Bu;D pOfi,fvu
kd f pDupm;cdik ;f yg/
à ypön;f rsK;d pkt

H m; tBu;D ESit
hf ao; tpkvH u
kd x
f m;ay;Ny;D uav;rsm;tm; ypön;f tBu;D awG
wpfy?Hk tao;awGwpfyHk pkyckH idk ;f yg/
h if,al pjcif;
à uwfxpl uúLeJY puf0ikd ;f yk?H av;axmif?h Bw*d pH wJh yHak wGun

kd y§ Nf y;D puf0ikd ;f wpfcrk mS eHygwf
wpfrsKd ;pDa&;yg/ (tpufuav;awGvnf; a&;Edik )f t0wfny§ u f vpfawGukd yHx k m;ay;yg/
uav;awGukd eHygwfta&twGut f vdu k f uwfxpl uúLawGrmS n§ycf idk ;f yg/ jyefa&wGucf ikd ;f
upm;jcif;jzifo
yg/
à tcsed uf kd jrifEikd o
f vm;/ tcsed u
f o
kd ad tmif bmypön;f awGo;kH ovJar;yg/ (em&DtrsKd ;rsKd ;)
EI;d puf2 vH;k udk tcsed w
f pfcw
k nf;rSm xm;Ny;D prf;oyfjyyg/ wpfred pfqw
kd m b,favmuf
Mumw,f? wpfrdepftwGif; opfom;wHk;eJY b,favmufjrifhatmif xyfEdkifr,fvdkY
xifovJvYkd ar;yg/ rSe;f qckid ;f Ny;D aemuf vufawGUprf;oyfupm;yg/ EI;d pufwpfv;kH eJY
tcsed rf w
S x f m;Ny;D uav;awGukd opfom;wH;k awG xyfcidk ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
56
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à tzH;k ygwJh oHb;l awGxu
J kd yJaph? ausmufp&pfc?J oJ? qefaph pwmawGukd uav;awGjrif
atmif xnfjh yyg/ oHb;l wpfb;l pDrmS wpfrsKd ;pDxnfNh y;D vHak tmifyw d yf g/ uav;awGukd
toHjrnfatmif vIyMf unfch idk ;f yg/ oHb;l awGukd oH;k Ny;D oDcsi;f wpfy'k f qdck idk ;f yg/ oHpOfwus
wD;wwfatmif ulnyD g/ Ny;D awmh wpfb;l pDuv kd yI Nf y;D txJuypön;f udk cefrY eS ;f ckid ;f yg/
h if,al pjcif;
3/ bmompum;zGHYNzdK;apaom upm;enf;rsm;
à jrifwmudkajymupm;jcif;
upm;jcif;jzifo
ypön;f wpfcu
k kd ,ljyyg/ ypön;f &JUemrnfuvGNJ y;D ajymvd&Yk oavmufajymcdik ;f yg/
Y ;l udk ]]yvwfpwpfeYJ vkyx
Oyrm- a&oefb f m;w,f/ a&xnfv
h &Ykd w,f/ xGi;f azmufjrifEikd f
w,f/ axmifxm;vd&Yk w,f/ tzk;H vnf;ygw,f/ zGiv
hf &Ykd w,f/}}
tajzawGxrJ mS – tkypf 0k if? tok;H 0ify?Hk jyKvyk yf ?Hk *kPo
f wÅ?d ..ponfwyYkd g0ifapyg/
à rSef;qupm;jcif;
tdraf wG? ½H;k awGrmS pmeJY ypön;f wcsKd Uvmydw
Yk o
hJ w
l pfO;D udk
awGUw,f/
olu olu Y ,
kd o
f l igu——————yJvaYkd jymw,f/ (uav;
rsm;tm; ajymapyg)
rD;yGKd irhf mS 0DprD w
I Nf y;D um;awGuv
kd rf;jyaewJo
h w
l pfO;D udk
awGUw,f/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
57
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
vlawG&UJ qHyifukd yHpk t
H rsKd ;rsKd ;n§y?f ta&mif
awGq;kd ay;wJo
h w
l pfO;D udk awGUw,f/
aeYwikd ;f pm;aewJh xrif;ud&k zdYk &TUH awGxrJ mS
½ke;f uefNy;D vkyaf y;w,f/
rD;awGavmif&if Nir§d ;f owfay;w,f/
vkel mawGukd ukoay;w,f/
vlq;kd ? olc;kd awGukd zrf;ay;w,f/
à ckMunhfaewmbmyHkvJ
jywif;ayguf 5-6 ckavmuf azgufxm;wJh pm&Guf
vGwu
f kd ½kyyf u
kH m;csyw
f pfcak y:rSm wifyg/ uav; wpf
h if,al pjcif;
a,mufukd BuKd uw f jhJ ywif;ayguf zGichf ikd ;f yg/ ]]bmyHk

jzpfr,fxifvJ}}vdkY ar;yg/ olajzNyD;&if ]]bmjzpfvdkY
tJovdkxifvJ}} xyfar;yg/ jywif;ayguftm;vHk;
upm;jcif;jzifo
ukewf t
hJ cg yHu
k kd zGijhf yyg/
à igowdjyKrdw,f (pHkaxmufvkyfwrf;)
]]'Dtcef;xJrSm teDa&mifudk igowdjyKrdw,f}} uav;awGudk ausmif;cef;xJu
teDa&mif&&dS o
dS rQukd ajymcdik ;f yg/
]]'Dem;rSm Bwd*HyHkawGudk igowdjyKrdw,f}} uav;awGudk Bwd*HyHkawG&SmNyD;ajym&ef/
ESprf sKd ;avmuf OD;aqmifar;Ny;D wJt
h cg uav;awGukd wpfvn
S jhf yefzu
G cf ikd ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
58
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à igb,folvJ
pm&Gurf mS tvkyt
f udik w
f pfrsKd ; (od)Yk wd&pämefwpfaumifuykd q
kH NJG y;D uav;&JUausmay:rSm
uyfxm;yg/ uav;ubmqdw k m odzt Ykd wGuf igu —---- vm;vdaYk r;cdik ;f yg/
Oyrm(1)-olemjyK
- uav;ar;/ igu tdraf wGaqmufovm;? (raqmufb;l )
- vlemawGukd aq;ukovm;/ (ukw,f)
- xbDteD0wfovm;/ (0wfw,f)
- olemjyKvm;/ ([kww
f ,f)
Oyrm(1)-qif
- igtdrrf mS aeovm;/ (raebl;)
- iguysEH ikd o
f vm;/ (rysb
H ;l )
h if,al pjcif;
- igtom;pm;ovm;/ (rpm;bl;l )
- igutBu;D Bu;D vm;/ ([kww
f ,f)
upm;jcif;jzifo
- qifvm;/ ([kww
f ,f)
à taysmfc&D;xGufMur,f
uav;awGukd taysmcf &D;xGuMf ur,f? bmypön;f awG vdrk vJvaYkd r;yg/ olwaYkd jymwJh
ypön;f udk aumufxnfw h yhJ pkH v
H yk yf g/ bmpD;Ny;D oGm;MurvJar;yg/ um;eJv
Y aYkd jym&if um;ay:
xdik pf ;D wJyh pkH ?H &xm;eJq
Y &kd if&xm;pD;wJyh pkH H tm;vH;k a&SUaemufwef;pDNy;D avQmufcidk ;f yg/
]]Munfph rf;"mwfBuKd ;ay:rSm bmaumifav;awGUvJ/ v,fuiG ;f xJrmS bmawGawGUovJ}}
pojzifh [efaqmifc&D;xGuw f rf; upm;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
59
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ vufrItEkynm zefwD;upm;enf;rsm;
à reufjzefus&if teDa&mif&SdwJh
ypönf;wpfckpD ,lcJhzdkYrSmyg/ oif
udk,fwdkifvnf; pkaqmif;,lcJhyg/
aemufwpfaeYrmS ypön;f trsKd ;tpm;
tvkud f oif,&l mae&mawGrmS ay;
upm;yg/ Oyrm-OD;xkyef ?D y0geDukd
twkvkyfwrf;rSm? teDa&mifbl;
awG u d k wnf a qmuf u pm;wJ h
ae&mrSm xm;ay;yg/
à opfaphtrsK;d rsKd ;udk zefyv k if;awGxJ xnfNh y;D ausmif;cef;xJrmS jyxm;yg/ yef;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJY
h if,al pjcif;
opf&Guf? opfcufawGudkvnf; ,lcJhNyD;uav;awGeJY tvStyawGudk aqG;aEG;yg/

yef;ta&miftrsKd ;rsKd ;? tpdr;f a&mif
opf&uG yf pkH t
H rsKd ;rsKd ;eJY ausmif;cef;udk
upm;jcif;jzifo
tvS q if x m;yH k u d k uav;awG

owdjyKrdatmif? cHpm;rdatmif
aqG;aEG;yg/ aumif;uifjymBuD;eJY
wdrjf zLjzLawGuykd gjyNy;D tJ'gawGukd ausmif;cef;xJ a&mufatmif b,fvv
kd yk rf vJar;yg/
tjyma&mifeYJ tjzLa&mif&atmif bmypön;f awGo;kH rvJvYkd ar;yg/
à uav;awGukd (6)a,mufwpfzUJG cGNJ y;D ausmif;0if;xJ xGuaf c:avQmufyg/ ypön;f (5)rsKd ;pD
aumufcJhzdkYrSmyg/ tcef;xJ jyefa&mufwJhtcg wpfzGJUudk pm&GufBuD;wpfckpD ay;NyD;
yHak zmfuyfcikd ;f yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
60
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à tjyifukd vrf;avQmufxu G Nf y;D awGUwJo
h pf&u
G ?f opfcuf? opfacgufpwmawGukd aumufchJ
ckid ;f yg/ ausmif;cef;jyefa&mufwt hJ cg olw, Ykd cl w hJ hJ ypön;f awGukd pm&GuBf u;D atmufrmS
xm;Ny;D tay:uae za,mif;a&mifpekH YJ yGwcf idk ;f yg/ Ny;D aemuf tcsi;f csi;f yku H kd Munfch idk ;f Ny;D
pm&Gurf mS ay:aewJyh [ Hk m bmypön;f jzpfw,fqw kd mudk cefrY eS ;f ckid ;f yg/
h if,al pjcif;
à cJwH (od)Yk wkwcf Reef YJ azmhcu G af wGrmS taygufav;awG azmufxm;ay;yg/ Ny;D aemuf
yvwfpwpfBuKd ;eJY oDcsKyu f pm;ckid ;f yg/ cGuaf wGrmS taygufazmufwmudk uav;awG
udv
k nf; vkycf idk ;f Edik yf gw,f/
upm;jcif;jzifo
à vlBu;D awG 0g;uyf&ufwmudk Munf½h aI vhvmNy;D aemuf &ufvyk w f rf;upm;zdtYk wGuf
pm&Guaf wGukd xyfNy;D acgufcsK;d csKd ;yg/ vufr0ufavmuf rsO;f wm;Ny;D uwfaMu;eJn Y y§ yf g/
pm&Gut f qk;H ra&mufrD wpfvufr tvdrk mS &yfyg/ Ny;D awmh &ufvyk zf t Ykd wGuf wjcm;
pm&Gut f ydik ;f &Snaf wG ay;xm;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
61
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
5/ ½dk;&mupm;enf;rsm;ESifh pkaygif;upm;enf;rsm;
½d;k &mupm;enf;awG[m um&efeabeJY pnf;0g;usus &Gwq f akd e&if; ud,k vf ufvyI &f mS ; ae&wJh
twGuf bmompum;zGUH NzKd ;apNy;D pdwaf ysm&f iT af pw,f/ 'gaMumifh ½d;k &mupm;enf;awGukd aeYwikd ;f
upm;ay;zdv Yk w kd ,f/ azmfjyxm;wJh ½d;k &mupm;enf;awGxuJ rupm;wwfao;wJh upm;enf;awG
udk ud,k w
f ikd f uRr;f usiaf tmif avhvmoif,yl g/ wpfaeYwpfrsKd ; r[kwb f J upm;enf;wpfrsKd ;udk
uav;awG uRr;f usiw f t hJ xd xyfcg? xyfcg upm;ay;yg/
à <uufeaYJ Mumif
à tke;f oD;av;vH;k
à ykZeG q
f w
d f
à pmuav;-pmuav;
h if,al pjcif;
à Muufzwden
f if
à t*Fvyd Mf uufzbdMk uufz
upm;jcif;jzifo
à vdyOf aysmufvYkd vdyrf &Sm

à xrif;&nfyl a*smuf*su?f waygif;v bmoD;? bm&Guf
à a&TpeG n
f Kd
à anmifyifwapä
à bkww
f vkwaf wmufwhJ
à uke;f vm;? a&vm;
à 0dik ;f Bu;D ywfywf'al 0a0
à Muufys?H iSuyf sH
à ausmuf½yk ?f ausmufzsuf
à t½l;rBu;D rpmO ...
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
62
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
arSmfq&mBuD;
f &mBu;D ) 2 tpGr;f xufwhJ arSmq
(arSmq f &mBu;D
Burd v
f ;kH av;eJY wdw
Yk ikd ;f om vd&k mjzpfay:vm
wdv
Yk u
kd w
f ikd ;f om tuke&f ? tm;vH;k aysmw
f ,fAs/
h if,al pjcif;
upm;jcif;jzifo
upm;enf;
(1) tm;vH;k 0dik ;f Ny;D rwfwwf&yfyg/
(2) ]]arSmfq&mBuD;}} uAsmudk twlwuGoDqdkNyD; uAsmqHk;oGm;onfhtcg uav;
wpfa,mufudk OD;aqmifou l Burd v
f ;kH eJY wdNYk y;D ]]——jzpfap}}vdYk ajymyg/
(3) twdcYk &H olukd ajymwJt
h wdik ;f vkycf ikd ;f yg/ Oyrm-arsmufjzpfapvdaYk jym&if arsmufvkd
vkyjf yyg/
(4) tJ'u
D av;udk arSmq
f &mBu;D qufvyk cf idk ;f Ny;D uAsmqufqykd g/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
63
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
wHwm;apmifhwJhOD;OD;
(uav;rsm;) wHwm;apmifw
h OhJ ;D OD;&,f
wHwm;Bu;D udjk zwfcsiw
f ,f/
(wHwm;apmif)h jzwfcsi&f if em;axmifxm;
aoaocsmcsm em;axmifxm;/
(abmif;bDwkd 0wforl sm; acG;uav;vdk a[mifNy;D oGm;/)Ä
Ä tpm;xd;k &ef
h if,al pjcif;
upm;jcif;jzifo
upm;enf;
(1) wHwm;apmifeh YJ uav;awGMum; wHwm;tjzpf BuKd ;wm;xm;yg/
(2) wHwm;apmift
h jzpf q&mu t&ifvyk jf yzdaYk e&m,lyg/
(3) uAsmqdyk g/ azmfjyxm;wJt
h wdik ;f qufvyk yf g/
(4) oufqikd o
f u
l av;awGukd o½kyaf qmifNy;D ausmo
f mG ;cdik ;f yg/
(5) ESpBf urd af vmuftNy;D rSm uav;wpfa,mufukd wHwm;apmifh jyefvyk cf idk ;f yg/
(6) uav;awGtm;vH;k ukew
f t
hJ xd upm;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
64
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
q&mrsm;\tcef;u@ESihf
wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
1/ Munfh½Iavhvmjcif;ESifh rSwfwrf;wifjcif;
wpfcgwav vlBu;D awG[m uav;awGukd uk, d jf rifvukd &f wJh jrifuiG ;f tay:rSmyJ oH;k oyf?
rSwcf sucf savh&w dS ,f/ uRerf wdt Yk aeeJY uav;awGtaMumif; rodao;wm trsm;Bu;D &Sad eyg
ao;w,f/ olweYkd yYJ ykd Nkd y;D &if;ES;D atmifaeav? olwu Ykd kd aocsmMunh½f aI vhvmav? olwt Ykd aMumif;
ydek m;vnfvmav jzpfrmS yg/ uav;i,fawGukd jyKpak pmifah &SmufaewJh q&mwdik ;f &JU ta&;Bu;D wJh
wm0efwpf&yfuawmh uav;awG&UJ tjyKtrlawGukd aocsmMunf½h aI vhvm? rSww f rf;a&;Ny;D
q&mrsm;\tcef;u@ESifh wm0ef0wå&m;rsm;
awGU&Scd suuf kd *½kwpdu k ef YJ t"dygÜ ,fazmf&ygr,f/
à q&mtaeeJY uav;wpfa,mufcsi;f &JU taMumif;udk tNro
J ad tmifBuKd ;pm;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
65
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
aoaocsmcsm Munf½h aI vhvm&if uav;awG&UJ oif,w
l wfajrmufrw
I ikd ;f rSm tqifah wG
&Sw
d mudk owdjyKrrd mS yg/
yHq
k w
JG wfvmyHt k qifqh ifu h kd Munfrh ,fq&kd if t&ifq;kH a&;jcpfjcif;? Ny;D awmh puf0idk ;f awG?
Ny;D awmh aevdv k ?kd rsuEf mS vdv k akd wG qG&J muae vlyq kH w
JG wfvmjcif; jzpfw,f/ uav; wpfa,muf
eJw
Y pfa,muf qGw J yhJ pkH aH wG wpfxyfwnf;rusayr,fh tajccHtm;jzifah wmh wlygw,f/
à wnfaqmufupm;yHtk qifqh ifrh mS vnf; atmufygtwdik ;f tqifh (6)rsKd ;&Sw
d t
hJ wGuf
uav;awG&UJ upm;yHk b,ftqifrh mS &Sad ew,fqw
kd m Munf½h aI vhvmyg/
tqif(h 1) o,faqmifjcif; (xnfph &mwpfcck x
k J xnfv
h u
kd ?f o,fvu
kd ?f jyefxw
k v
f u
kd f
upm;jcif;)
tqif(h 2) wpfcak y:wpfcq

k ifjh cif; (tBu;D ay:tao;qif?h &G,w f rl sm;qif?h nDnpD D
upm;jcif;? bmvkyrf ,fqw kd hJ pdwu
f ;l r,fr,f&& r&Sad o;)
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
66
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
tqif(h 3) txyfxyfpDwef;um&Hjcif; (vrf;? wHwm;? 0ef;NcHrsm; jyKvkyfupm;jcif;?
pdwu
f ;l eJu
Y pm;)
tqif(h 4) tqifq h ifyh akH zmfjcif; (yHo
k P²mefrsKd ;pHo
k ;kH Ny;D tpDpOfwusaqmufvyk u
f pm;?
bmyHpk aH qmufr,fqw kd m BuKd wifpw d u f ;l Ny;D upm;)
tqif(h 5) o½kyaf zmfjcif; (tjcm;uav;rsm;eJY twlwuGajymqd&k if; aqmufvyk yf akH zmf?

yHo
k P²mefwpfrsKd ;rsKd ;udk ypön;f wpfcck t
k jzpfwx
D iG u
f pm;)
tqif(h 6) yl;aygif;aqmufvyk jf cif; (pDru
H ed ;f wpfcu
k o
hJ Ykd tpDtpOfukd BuKd wiftrnf
ay;? wnfaqmufupm;p&mawGtjyif wjcm;ypön;f awGuykd g toH;k jyKNy;D
twkvyk w f rf;upm;)
rlBuKd ausmif;awGrmS trsm;tm;jzifh tqif(h 2-3-4)eJyY J upm;avh&wdS mawGU&w,f/ tqifh

(5)? tqifh (6)xdupm;vmatmif q&mawGtaeeJY rMumcPoGm;oGm;Ny;D ajymqdk
yhyH ;kd ay;&ygr,f/ Oyrm-tdrw
f pfv;kH aqmufxm;w,faemf? tdrx f rJ mS b,fvt
kd cef;awG
zGUJ xm;ovJ? y&dabm*awGa&m xnhOf ;D rSmvm;? tdru f ae blwm½Hx
k d vrf;azmufzYkd
av;axmifw h ;kH b,fEpS w
f ;kH vdrk vJ? blwm½Hu
k kd ESpaf ,muftwlwl aygif;aqmufMunfh
rvm;? um;awG&yfxm;r,fah e&mudk b,foal qmufcsio f vJ/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
67
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
(touftvdkuf twkvkyfwrf;upm;enf;tqifhqifhajymif;vJvmyHkudk ]]upm;jcif;
r&Sv
d Qizf UHG NzKd ;jcif;r&SEd idk }f }pmapmifrmS avhvmyg/)
b,fuav;u b,favmufupm;wwfaeNy?D b,fzUHG NzKd ;rIu@rSm b,ftqifh
a&mufaeNyq D w kd mudk Munf½h aI vhvmNy;D &if rSww f rf;a&;xm;zdv Yk nf; vdyk gw,f/ tvG,f
qH;k enf;uawmh Munf½h aI vhvmjcif;rSww f rf; oH;k jcif;ygyJ/ (aemufqufw-JG 1 Munf½h I
avhvmjcif;rSww f rf;udMk unhyf g) uav;wdik ;f &JUzGUH NzKd ;rI tajctaeudk odzt Ykd wGuf u@
tm;vH;k udk Munf½h aI vhvmNy;D rSww f rf;a&;rSwx f m;yg/ vdt k yfwuhJ @awGukd 0efxrf;
tcsi;f csi;f eJjY zpfap? rdbawGejYJ zpfap wdik yf ifNy;D yhyH ;kd ulnaD y;yg/
2/ aqmif&ef? a&Smif&efrsm;
à uav;awG[m qdwNf ird af ewJh ywf0ef;usirf mS ydNk y;D oif,El ikd w
f t
hJ wGuf twef;xJrmS
toHuw
kd wfEikd o
f rQ avQmah jymyg/ tm;vH;k Mum;atmif tNrw J rf;ajymwmrsKd ; rvkyb
f J
uav;wpfa,mufwnf;twGuf wpfO;D csi;f tem;uyfNy;D wd;k wd;k ajymyg/
à uav;uwpfcck u k kd tm½Hpk u
kd Nf y;D tm;xkwv
f yk af ewJt
h cgrsKd ;rSm tjyKoabmeJY tm;
ay;yg/ ]]ykwD;vHk;av;awGudk teDa&mifwpfrsdK;yJoHk;NyD; oDxm;wm odyfvSwmyJ}}/
]]rmrmoGiu
f t&rf;awmfw,f/ tawmfq;kH yJ} pwJh a,bk,suswhJ pum;rsKd ; rajymygeJ/Y
b,forl S tNrw
J rf; tawmfq;kH rjzpfEikd yf gbl;/
à uav;vkyaf ewke;f ajymyg/ vkyNf y;D aemufrS rajymygeJ/Y
]orD;yHx
k rJ mS tjyma&mifeYJ teDa&mifawGtrsm;Bu;D oH;k xm;w,faemf/ ta&mifawGu
awmufyaew,f/ orD;&JU yef;cst D aMumif;ajymjyygOD;}}/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
68
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä uav;awG upm;aewmudk oabmus
aMumif; ajymyg/ vdt k yfwt hJ ultnD ay;
yg/ aps;a&mif;wrf;upm;aewJh uav;
awGukd ]]aps;0,fzYkd yduk q
f u H kd bmoH;k
rSmvJ}}? ]]wpfckudk b,favmufeJY
a&mif;rSmvJ}} tp&Sdojzifh ar;NyD;
pm&Guyf ikd ;f av;awGrmS *Pef;awGa&;jy
yg/ ]&efrjzpfMueJ?Y aumif;aumif;upm;} vdcYk sn;f yJ rajymygeJ/Y
Ä uav;wdik ;f ]]igvkyw f wfw,f}} qdw k chJ pH m;rI&atmif tcGiahf y;yg/ pma&;ud&,
d mawGeYJ
r&if;ESD;ao;wJh uav;awGudk ckvdkvrf;ñTefay;yg/ pm&Gufwpf&GufpDay;NyD;
av;axmifh? puf0dkif;? rsOf;ajzmifh? rsOf;auG; pojzifh qGJcdkif;yg/ ESpfoufovdk
ta&mifjc,fcidk ;f Ny;D eH&rH mS uyfay;yg/ Ny;D awmh vSvu kd w
f mvdaYk jymyg/
Ä uav;awGqn l aH ewJt
h cg ]]rqle?YJ wdww
f wd af e}}vdaYk jymr,fth pm; oDcsi;f wpfy'k f
qdvk u
kd yf g/ (od)Yk ya[Vdzu
G w
f rf; upm;yg/ ]]vl&nS Bf u;D vdak vQmufocD si;f qd&k atmif}}/
]]uav;av;awG bmaMumifh xrif;rpm;ovJ}}? ]]BuKd UbmaMumifx h ;kd ovJ}}? ]]Adu
k x
f rJ mS
oefaumif b,fvakd &mufvmovJ}}pojzifh . . ./
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
69
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Ä uav;awGukd tcsed w f ikd ;f Munf½h aI vh
vmyg/ jyóemwpfcck jk zpf&if tem
w&jzpfwmrsKd ;uvGNJ y;D ud, k w
f ikd o
f mG ;
rajz&Sif;bJ uav;udk,fwdkif(odkY)
uav;awG b,f v d k a jz&S i f ; w,f
qdw
k mudk t&ifapmifMh unfyh g/ tem;
u uav;wpfa,mufa,mufuv kd nf; ulnaD jz&Si;f zdYk wdu
k w
f eG ;f Edik yf gw,f/
à uav;wpfO;D pD&UJ xl;jcm;wJt
h csuef YJ tm;omcsuaf wGukd avhvmrSwof m;yg/ tvGef
at;aq;wJu h av;eJY oGuv
f ufwu hJ av;awGukd avhvmrSwo f m;yg/ at;wJuh av;
eJY oGuwf u
hJ av;udk twlaygif;vkyw f hJ
vkyif ef;awGay;yg/
à uav;i,fwikd ;f udk vly*k Kd¾ vw f pfO;D vdk

qufqyH g/ yGivhf if;&if;ES;D pGm ajymqdk
qufqzH Ykd uav;wdik ;f udk tm;ay;yg/
à uav;wpfO;D &JU rwlnw
D hJ tajctae
(pum;xpf? tom;rnf;? 0wkw)f udk b,fawmhrS rpaemufygeJ/Y emrnfajymif ray;ygeJ/Y
à uav;awG wpfcck u k kd pdwtf m;xufoefpmG eJY vkyaf ewJt h cg tav;xm;ay;yg/ olw&Ykd UJ
wDxiG zf efw;D jcif;? pl;prf;&SmazGjcif; (od)Yk vkyaf ewJ[
h mudk tNy;D owfaewJt
h cg 0ifa&muf
pGuzf ufwmrsKd ; rvkyyf geJ/Y
à uav;&JU aqmif&u G Nf y;D pD;rIwikd ;f udk vlBu;D tjrifrmS royfr&yfjzpfae&ifawmifrS wefz;kd
xm;aMumif;jyyg/
à uav;wdik ;f udk *½kpu
kd rf eI YJ tcGit
hf a&;awG rQrQwway;yg/
à cs;D rGr;f jcif;? tm;ay;jcif;ESihf vufco
H abmwlnrD w
I u
Ykd kd rMumcP jyKvyk af y;yg/
à trSm;&S&d if wdu
k ½f u
dk rf jyifygeJ/Y tjypfajymjcif;? qlyjl cif;eJY twif;tMuyf trSm;jyifapjcif;
awGukd b,fawmhrS rvkyyf geJ/Y
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
70
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à oifh&JUa'goeJY tvdkrjynfhrIudk &SL;&SL;'dkif;'dkif;rwkHYjyefbJ pdwfat;at;xm;NyD;
tusK;d taMumif;ajymjyyg/
à tcef;wGif aeYpOfvyI &f mS ;aqmif&u
G rf aI wGukd tpDtpOfwuseYJ wpforwfwnf; vkyyf g/
3/ trltusifhaumif;rsm; &Sdap&efavhusifhay;jcif;
uav;udk teD;uyfjyKpak pmifah &Smufoal wG&UJ p½ku
d v
f u©PmawG[m uav;tay: MoZm
oufa&mufygw,f/ 'gaMumifh uav;awGrmS trltusiahf umif;awG &Sv d mzdt
Yk wGuf q&m?
q&mrawGrmS atmufygtrltusiahf wG xm;&S&d ygr,f/
à pnf;rsO;f awGuakd qG;aEG;&Si;f jy
à ar;wmudk pdw&f n
S &f n
S af jzay;
à vdu
k af vsmnDaxG&dS
à a'goudk xde;f uav;udk b,fawmhrS r½kdufygeJY
à aumif;wJq
h ;kH jzwfcsucf sEikd zf u
Ykd n
l D
à rMumcPpum;ajymay;
avhusiyhf sKd ;axmifay;&rnfh
à pmtkyzf wfjy
uav;rsm;\trltusirhf sm;udk
à uav;rsm;ajymonfuekd m;axmif
rdbrsm;ESihf twlvyk af qmifjcif;jzifh
à olw&Ykd UJ cHpm;csuu
f kd rQa0cHpm;ay; xda&mufatmifjrifEidk yf gonf/
à cs;D usL;ay;yg? tm;ay;yg
à olweYkd t
YJ wlupm;
à aysm&f iT &f ,farm
à olweYkd aYJ ysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT af e
à olwu
Ykd kd ,HMk unfaMumif;ajym
à tcuftcJBuKH &if ulnaD y;
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
71
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
'DvdkjyKrl&if.. 'DvdkwHkYjyefay;yg/
à tm½Hpk u
kd rf u
I v
kd ckd siw
f t
hJ wGuf qk;d jy&if à vspv
f sL½Ixm;yg/
à vkyzf Ykd tvm;tvm&Sw
d hJ uav;awGukd à tm½Hak jymif;ay;yg/
à uav;wpfa,mufatmfae&if à olu
Y kd toHw;kd wd;k av;uyfajymvdu
k yf g/
à uav;ESpaf ,muf upm;p&mvkae&if à aemufwpfcu
k kd jyvdu
k yf g/
à uav;awGapmifah e&vdYk *emrNird f à oDcsi;f wpfy'k q
f v
dk u
kd yf g/
jzpfae&if
à uav;ESpaf ,muf jiif;cHak e&if à wpfa,mufukd wpfcck o
k mG ;,lcidk ;f vdu
k yf g/
pnf;urf;erlemrsm;
uav;awGtwGuf ½k;d &Si;f wJh

pnf;urf;awG? tueft Y owfawG&rdS S
à tcef;xJrmS pum;udk wd;k wd;k ajymyg/
pdwv
f NkH cKH ru
I kd cHpm;&rSmyg/
à tcef;xJrmS vrf;avQmufyg/
à ypön;f rsm;udk aocsmpGmudik w

f ,
G yf g/
owfrw S x f m;wJh pnf;urf;awGukd
wnfNraJ tmifrvkyEf ikd o f a&GU à tcsi;f csi;f ulnyD g/
pnf;urf;csrw S x
f m;w,fvYkd
à tpm;tpmudk tcef;tjyifrmS pm;yg/
rqdEk ikd yf gbl;/ vlBu;D a&m? uav;yg
vdu
k ef mrS pnf;urf;wnfNrrJ mS yg/ à upm;Ny;D &if olaY e&mrSmjyefxm;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
72
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ roefpGrf;uav;rsm;ESifh tultnDtxl;vdkaomuav;rsm;tm;
apmifha&Smufjcif;
roefprG ;f rIawGxrJ mS trsm;tjrifrmS odomxif&mS ;wJh roefprG ;f uav;awGygovd?k ÓPf&nf
rrDwt
hJ wGuf rodomrxif&mS ;eJY oif,al &;rSm tcuftcJ&w dS hJ uav;awGvnf; &SMd uw,f/
omrefuav;awGerYJ wl uGjJ ym;jcm;em;wJh 'Duav;awGukd omrefuav;awGvykd q J ufqNH y;D
oifMum;ay;vdYk r&ygbl;/ 'Duav;awGukd pmemem;vnfNy;D txl;*½kpu dk af y;zdv
Yk t
kd yfygw,f/
atmufyg tjyKtrlawG&w
dS u
hJ av;udk txl;*½kpu
kd f avhvmrSwo
f m;yg/
à emrnfac:&ifrxl;
à tjcm;uav;awGeYJ cyfuif;uif;aejcif;
pmemrIeJY vdktyfwJh
tultnDudkay;yg/
b,fawmhrS a&m*gtrnf
rwyfygeJY/
à ½kww
f &uf us,af vmifpmG &,farmjcif;
à rsuv
f ;kH csi;f qHí
k rMunhjf cif;
à emusirf u
I rkd cHpm;jcif;
à t&m0w¬K? ypön;f wpfcu
k pkd v
JG rf;pGmudik w
f ,
G jf cif;
à tajymif;tvJuv
kd ufrcHjcif;
à tEÅ&m,furkd aMumuf&UG jH cif;
à yJw
h ifovH u
kd jf cif;
(olrsm;ajympum;udyk whJ ifov
H u
kd af jymjcif;)
à taMumif;rJh rdru
d ,
kd t
f m;xkEu
S ½f u
kd yf w
k jf cif;? aqmifjh cif;
'Dvjkd yKrw l hJ uav;awG&&dS if olwu Ykd kd oD;oefY jyKpzk v
Ykd ykd gw,f/ aumfrwDvBl u;D awG? rdb
awGeYJ wkid yf ifNy;D oufqikd &f m uRr;f usio
f al wGqu D tMuÓ H Pf awmif;&ygr,f/ 'Duav;awGrmS
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
73
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
vdt
k yfcsuaf wG&MdS uayr,fh ywf0ef;usiu f olwu Ykd jkd yKrq
l ufqyH u kH v kd u
kd Nf y;D olwt
Ykd ay: tusKd ;
oufa&mufr&I adS pygw,f/ Oyrm- olwyYkd g&rD&w dS hJ yef;csq D jJG cif;vdrk sKd ;rSm ajrawmifajrm§ ufay;&if
xl;jcm;wJh pGr;f &nfawG jyEkid Mf uygw,f/
4/(u) wuf<uvGef;aomuav;rsm;
uav;awGxu J Nird Nf ird rf xdik Ef ikd ?f tNryJ sm,D;ysm,mjzpfaeNy;D wpfcck u
k kd udik w
f ,
G Mf unf½h aI e(od)Yk
upm;aewmudk tNrjJ yKvyk af ewwfwhJ uav;awG[m wuf<uvGe;f wJh uav;awGjzpfw,f/
olwu
Ykd kd 'Dvw
kd jYkH yef? yHyh ;kd ay;yg/
à olw&Ykd UJ cGet
f m;udk tusKd ;rJrh ukeq
f ;kH &atmif vkyif ef;
tyd?k wm0eftydak wGay;yg/ tm;pdu k &f aom tvkyrf sm;
udkulnD&ef q&mrS tultnDawmif;vdkufjcif;
tm;jzifv h nf; olw\ Ykd pdwt f iftm;udk tjyKenf;eJY
ajyavsmu h saprSmjzpfw,f/
à wpfcgwav tkypf ak cgif;aqmiftjzpf wm0efay;yg/
à o½kyfaqmifjcif;? vufxdk;½kyfoHk;jcif;wdkYrSm yg0if
OD;aqmifcidk ;f yg/
à at;wJu
h av;? aES;wJu
h av;awGukd ulncD idk ;f yg/
à tNraJ jy;aeaomuav;udk ]]om;utajy;oefw,f/
'gayr,ft h wef;xJrmS rajy;&bl;/ tjyifrmS yJ ajy;&
r,faemf}} vdn
Yk ifnifomomajymjyyg/
à uav;u wpfcck u k kd tvGet f rif;vkycf siaf eygu cPvkycf iG ahf y;vdu
k yf g/ Oyrm-wef;pD
aepOf tjyifjrefjrefxu G cf siaf e&if a&SUqH;k rSm xm;ay;vdu
k yf g/ 'grSyJ tjcm;uav;
awGukd wGe;f xd;k Ny;D rxGurf mS /
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
74
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/(c) tm½Hkpl;pkdufrIjyóem&Sdaomuav;rsm;
à tm½kpH ;l pdu
k rf jI yóem&Sw
d hJ uav;udk q&m&JUtem;rSmxdik cf ikd ;f yg/ olt Y rnf cPcP
ac:p&mrvdb k J trlt&meJY xde;f Edik ?f qufo,G Ef ikd w
f t
hJ jyif q&majymaewJh taMumif;
t&meJY oifaxmufuyl pön;f awGukd tvG,w f ul jrifEikd ?f Mum;Edik yf gvdrrhf ,f/
à wu,fvYkd q&ma&SU wnfw h nfrh mS
xkid rf ,fq&kd if uav;udk rsuEf mS trl
t&m? vuf[efajc[ef bmom
pum;rsm;ESihf (odUk ) ½kyyf u kH m;csyaf wG
toH;k jyKNy;D qufo, G Ef ikd w f ,f/ wcsKd U
uav;awG[m vuf[efajc[ef
bmompum;udk ydw k UkH jyefwwfNy;D ? wcsKd Uuav;awGu ½kyyf u
kH m;csyaf wGukd ydw
k UkH jyefwwf
Muw,f/ wcsKd Uuav;awGu ESprf sKd ;pvH;k udk twlwl wHUk jyefwwfMuw,f/
à wHcg;ayguf? jywif;aygufawGeYJ a0;&mrSmxkid cf ikd ;f yg/ tJ'gawGtem;rSm xdik &f if tm½Hk
jyefv
Y ,
G w
f t
hJ wGujf zpfw,f/
à olpw
d 0f ifpm;onf(h od)Yk &if;ES;D Ny;D om;taMumif;t&mwdUk eJY pajymyg/
à jyefvnfwjYHk yefr&I onftxd pdw&f n
S pf mG ajymqdak y;yg/
à ñTeMf um;csuaf y;wJh tcgrSmvnf; ½kyyf u
kH m;csyaf wGukd oH;k yg/ Oyrm- ]]tcktcsed [
f m
qdwq f w
d af e&r,ft
h csed jf zpfw,f/ rupm;ygeJU/}}
à oauFwyHak wG? ½kyyf u
kH m;csyaf wGuvnf; &Si;f vif;zdUk vdyk gw,f/
à uav;awGukd rMum;rSmpd;k vdq
Yk Nkd y;D b,fawmhrS ratmfygeJ/Y
4/(*) bmompum;tcuftcJ&Sdaomuav;rsm;
à ½d;k ½d;k &Si;f &Si;f pajymay;yg/ uav;em;vnfEikd w
f hJ
bmompum;eJY ajymay;yg/
à xyfcg? xyfcgajymay;yg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
75
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à ½kyyf u
kH m;csy?f wu,foh uf&?dS oufrahJ wGuykd g uav;em;vnfvmatmif oH;k ay;yg/
uav; ajymcsiw f mukd ajymwwfvmatmifvnf; oauFw½kyyf akH wG? ypön;f ppfawGukd
oH;k ay;yg/
à uav;udk ]]bm}}eJU pwJh ar;cGe;f awG odyrf ar;ygeJ/Y (Oyrm - bmaMumifv
h ?J b,frmS vJ
pojzif)h / uav;uajzEdik Of ;D rSm r[kwyf gbl;/
à uav;udk tydwaf r;cGe;f (odUk ) tajzwdwk kd
ay;EdkifwJh ar;cGef;rsdK; ar;Edkifygw,f/ orD;armaeNyxD ifw,f?
rSew
f ,frvm;
(Oyrm - om;Adu k q
f maew,f xifw,f?
[kww f ,frvm;? orD;armaeNyx D ifw,f
rSew
f ,frvm;)
à 'Denf;[m bmompum;tcuftcJ&w dS hJ
uav;awGtwGufyJ aumif;ygw,f/
yHrk eS u
f av;awGtwGuf roifah vsmyf g/
olw&Ykd UJ oif,El ikd pf rG ;f udk avQmch svu
kd o f vdk jzpfomG ;Edik yf gw,f/f
4/(C) vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m yhhHydk;rIvdktyfaeaom uav;rsm;

uav;twGuf urÇmBu;D u vHNk cKH r&I o dS vm;? r&Sb d ;l vm;qdw
k m oif&h UJ wkjYH yefrq
I u
D ae t"du
taeeJu Y av;oif,yl gw,f/ qd;k qd;k 0g;0g; awGUBuKH cpH m;&cJ&h wJh uav;awG&UJ cHpm;rIukd ydek m;vnf
Edik af tmifBuKd ;pm;yg/ olwu
Ykd kd 'Dvu
kd n
l yD yhH ;kd ay;yg/
à olweYkd t
YJ wlupm;yg/
à olweYkd t
YJ wlpum;ajymqkyd g/
à olweYkd t
YJ wltcuftcJawGajz&Si;f yg/
à wpfaeYv;kH pdwv f NkH cKH r&I adS tmif tpDtpOf
awGukd wpforwfwnf;vkyyf g/ aemuf
bmjzpfr,fqw kd m rSe;f qvdrYk &&if pdwf
awG rwnfrNird f jzpfwwfygw,f/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
76
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à ausmif;cef;eJY ausmif;&JUtpDtpOfawGukd aumif;aumif;em;vnfatmif ulay;yg/
à olwu
Ykd kd pmemyg/ 'gayr,fh yd0k rf;enf;atmif rcHpm;jyygeJ/Y
à q&meJjY zpfap? uav;tcsi;f csi;f jzpfap aEG;axG;Ny;D ckid rf mwJh qufqaH &; &Sad tmifvyk yf g/
à vIy&f mS ;rIrsm;rsm;ygwJh upm;enf;awGukd
upm;yg/
à pdwfcHpm;rIazmfxkwfEdkifwJh vkyfaqmifrI
awGukd vkyyf g/ (yHq k ?JG a&;jcpf? jyZmwf?
*DwESihf vIy&f mS ;rI)
5/ rdb? &yf&GmvlBuD;rsm;ESifh vufwGJvkyfaqmifjcif;
uav;rdbrsm;eJY tjyeftvSeq
f ufqaH &;aumif;zdt
Yk wGuf ...
à uav;&JUrdom;pkawGqD tvnftywfomG ;yg/
à uav;&JUpGrf;&nfawG? pdwf0ifpm;rIawGeJY trltusifhawGtaMumif;udk rdbawGeJY
awGUqHak jymqdyk g/
à uav;aeraumif;vdYk ausmif;rvm&if olwt

Ykd rd o
f mG ;Ny;D owif;oGm;ar;yg/
à rdbrsm;aeYusi;f yyg/ tJ'aD eYrmS rdbeJo Y m;orD;twlvyk &f wJh upm;enf;wd?Yk yHq
k w
JG mwd?Yk
oDcsi;f qdw
k mwdv
Yk yk yf g/ om;trd (od)Yk om;tz pGr;f &nfjyyGJ vkyyf g/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
77
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
à tm;upm;yGaJ eYusi;f yyg/
à ½d;k &myGaJ eYukd &yf&mG rdbawGet YJ wlusi;f yyg/ tJ'aD eYrmS vlBu;D ? rdbawGukd ½d;k &mtu
oifcidk ;f yg/ ½d;k &myHjk yif ajymjyckikd ;f yg/ ½d;k &mupm;enf; upm;cdik ;f yg/
à avhvma&;oGm;wJt
h cg tcsed af y;Edik w
f hJ rdbawGukd yg0ifcikd ;f yg/
à rdbawGeYJ ausmif;tm;vyf&ufrmS upm;p&mjyKvyk ?f jyifqifzYkd tultnDawmif;yg/
à &yf&mG rdbawG&UJ wwfajrmufuRr;f usirf aI wGukd oifMum;a&;rSm wwfEikd o f avmuf

yg0ifcikd ;f yg/ (Oyrm- yef;csq
D jJG cif;? ½d;k &mwl&,
d mwD;rIwjf cif;? vufrv
I yk if ef;trsKd ;rsKd ;
...)
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
78
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
rlBudKq&m? q&mrrsm;
ar;avh&Sdaomar;cGef;rsm;
1/ ypönf;vkwJhuav;
ar; / / uav;awG ypönf;vkwJhjyóemudk
b,fvakd jz&Si;f rvJ/
ajz / / 'Dvt kd jzpftysurf sKd ;u rlBuKd a&mufcgp
uav;awG r S m awG U &avh & S d w ,f /
wpfa,mufa,muf udik x f m;wJyh pön;f udk olwBYkd uKd uw
f meJY vrf;qG, J v l ukd w
f mygyJ/
rlBudKq&m? q&mrrsm;ar;avh&Sdaomar;cGef;rsm;
olw'Ykd v D v
kd yk w
f mu a0rQjcif;oabm? tvSnu hf soabm? apmifq h ikd ;f wJo
h abmawG
rzGHUNzdK;ao;vdkYyg/ udk,fhpdwfcHpm;rIudk xdef;wwfzdkYeJY udk,fhtvSnfh&zdkYtwGuf
n§Ed idI ;f ,lwwfwhJ t&nftaoG;awG[m tjcm;olawGukd avhvm&if;(od)Yk trSm;awG
vky&f if;uae oif,zl UG NH zKd ;oGm;rSmjzpfw,f/
(1) tJ'v
D v
kd w
k wfwhJ uav;udk 'Pfray;ygeJ/Y
(2) uav;awGtBuKd urf sm;wJyh pön;f udak vhvmyg/ (w,fvzD ek ;f ? jcif;awmif;) tJ'D
ypönf;udk tenf;qHk;ESpfckxufru &Sdatmifxm;ay;yg/ wpfckwnf;qdk&if
rxm;ygeJ/Y
(3) a0rQupm;wwfwu
hJ av;awGukd cs;D usL;jyyg/
2/ Murf;Murf;wrf;wrf;upm;wJhuav;
ar; / / uav;awGMurf;Murf;wrf;wrf; upm;ae&if? plygrif;(vif;Edv Yk o
l m;? yg0g&dr;f *sm;?..)
yHpk t
H wkid ;f ajy;vTm;aqmhupm;ae&if b,fvx
kd ed ;f &rvJ/
ajz / / (1) tusKd ;&Sw
d b
hJ uf tm½Hak jymif;ay;yg/ ajy;aewJh uav;awGxu J acgif;aqmifeYJ
wlww
hJ pfa,mufa&SUrSm ydw&f yfNy;D 'Dvakd r;yg/ ]]plygrif;u 'kua© &mufaewJoh al wG
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
79
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
udk vdu
k u
f n
l ?D vdu
k u
f ,fay;w,faemf/ ckb,fou Yl kd ulay;aewmvJ/ 'Dypön;f awG
udk q&mr[dek m;a&TUcsiw
f ,f? b,fou l al y;rvJ/}}
(2) pkaqmif;xm;wJh r*¾Zif;? *sme,fawGxu J awmaumifw&d pmäeyf akH wGukd n§yx

f w
k f
cdik ;f Ny;D uav;awGet YJ wl aqG;aEG;yg/ wpfaumifcsi;f pDtaMumif;ajymNy;D pm&Guf
Bu;D ay:rSm 0kid ;f uyfcikd ;f yg/ Ny;D awmh ]]awmaumifBu;D wpfaumifjzpfcsio f vm;/
uJ vkyMf unfMh upd}Yk }/ ]]qmavmifaewJh awmaumifwpfaumif[m tpm&Smae
w,f/ olb,fvakd vQmufrvJ? ajcav;acsmif;axmufypkH aH vQmufyg/ olb,fvkd
atmfrvJ/ awmaumif&UJ aMumufp&mtoHjyKyg/ ol&mS aewJt h pmubmvJ/

olwYkd b,frmS aeovJ}} pojzifh qufvyk yf g/ uav;awGtaeeJY tusKd ;r&Sw
d hJ
qlqn l n
H u
H pm;&muae tusKd ;&Sw
d hJ upm;enf;udk ajymif;vJupm;wwfvmyg
vdrrhf ,f/
(3) uav;pm;wJt h pm tm[m&rQrQww&S?d r&Sd avhvmqef;ppfyg/ tcsKd &nfrMum

cP aomufwwf&if a&Smifcikd ;f yg/ taMumif;uawmh tm;jznft h csKd &nf rMum
cP aomufwwfwu hJ av;awG[m tcsKd "mwf pGNJ rjJ cif;&JU qd;k usKd ;udk cHpm;&ap
ygw,f/ tcsKd "mwf vGeuf rJ u
I kd xde;f odr;f zdt
Yk wGuf cE¨mud,
k u
f tifqv l ifqw
kd hJ
"mwfudk jrefjrefxkwfay;&w,f/ tJ'Dtcg aoG;xJu *vl;udk;pfyrmP xdk;us
oGm;w,f/ tJovdk qufwu kd q
f ufwu dk f jzpfvmwJt h cg *emrNird w f hJ tjyKtrl
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
80
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
awG? aMumifawmifawmif jzpfwt hJ jyKtrlawG jzpfvmwwfw,f/ wu,fawmh
tcsKo
d mG ;&nfpmawG pm;vGe;f wJuh av;awG[m tm[m&jzpfapwJh tpm;tpm
awG vHkavmufatmif rpm;MuawmhwJhtjyif Eke,fwJhuav;i,f&JU ausmuf
uyfeYJ yefu&d,awGvnf; xdcu dk w f wfwthJ wGuf tcsKd pmawG rauR;oifyh gbl;/
(4) tdrrf mS Murf;wrf;wJh Zmwfum;awG? tjyKtrlawGrjyzdYk rdbawGukd owday;yg/
('Dvt kd jyKtrlawGukd ausmif;ydwNf y;D aemufyikd ;f &uf (wevFmaeY) awGrmS ydNk y;D
awGU&wwfygw,f/)
3/ a'goBuD;wJhuav;
ar; / / a'goBu;D wJh uav;udk b,fvw
kd jYHk yef
ay;oifo
h vJ/
ajz / / txufu (3)eJY (4)udMk unfyh g/
wjcm;uav;awGeaYJ &m ypön;f awGeyYJ g
a0;&mudk ac:oGm;Ny;D pdwaf jywJt h xd cP ac:xm;yg/ tjrifw h uf (od)Yk 'ef;pD;wmrsKd ;
udk ckid ;f vd&Yk &ifawmh pdwaf jyvG,af pygw,f/ olpw d af jywJt
h cg ]]'Dvakd erS ydck sppf &m
aumif;w,f}} vdaYk jymyg/ ('Dvq kd &kd if rcspaf wmhb;l qdwk mrsKd ;udk b,fawmhrS rajym
ygeJ/Y )
4/ tEdkifusifhwJhuav;
ar; / / tEdkifusifhwwfwJhuav;udk b,fvdk
jyKjyifay;&rvJ/
ajz / / qd;k wJu
h av;vdYk trnfwiG w f hJ uav;
awG &Sw d wfMuw,f/ olwu Ykd wkd ikd w
f hJ toHawG? olwaYkd Mumifh wjcm;uav;awG&UJ
ido
k aH wG Mum;&avh&w
dS ,f/ 'Dt&G,u f av;awG[m ud, k &hf UJ tjyKtrlaMumifh wjcm;
olrmS b,favmufxcd u dk ef pfemoGm;Edik w f mudk odyef m;rvnfMuao;ygbl;/ tEkid f
usiw hf u
hJ av;awG[m olwu Ykd ,
kd w
f ikd f vkt
d yfcsuw
f pfcck k &Sv d jYkd zpfEikd w
f ,f/ (Oyrm-
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
81
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ud,
k w f ikd f tEdik uf sichf &H xm;vdv
Yk m;? wif;wif;usyu f syjf yKrq l ufqcH xH m;&vdv Yk m;?
tm½Hpk udk cf cH siv
f vYkd m;? pdwrf aysmpf &mwpfcck &k adS eovm; ...) taMumif;&if;od
atmif aocsmMunh½f aI vhvmyg/ olwaYkd umif;wmvkyw f t
hJ cg cs;D usL;yg/ tcGithf a&;
ydwyf ifwmawGeYJ wm;jrpfcsuaf wG owfrw S yf g/ auseyfwhJ cHpm;rI&apwJh vkyaf qmif
rIeYJ pdeaf c:wJh upm;enf;awG upm;cGihf
ay;yg/ tkypf Ak v dk vf yk w
f wfwuhJ av;udk
aumif;wJhyl;aygif;vkyfaqmifrIawGrSm
OD;aqmifciG ahf y;yg/
5/ twdkiftawmxlwJhuav;
ar; / / twdik t
f awmxlwhJ uav;
udk b,fvdktusifhazsmuf
&rvJ/
ajz / / wdik af ewmudk ta&;w,lvyk f
aeoa&GU qufwikd af eOD;rSmrdYk
*½krpdu
k yf geJ/Y uav;wdik f ae
wmudk wjcm;q&mwpfa,mufuyJ wkid af ewJu
h av;rodatmif ta&;,l wHjYk yef
ay;yg/
6/ udkufwwfwJhuav;
ar; / / udu
k w
f wfwu
hJ av;udk b,fvt
kd usiahf zsmufay;
&rvJ/
ajz / / upm;p&meJY ypön;f awGukd udu k wf mqd&k if oHxvdYk
vnf;jzpfEikd w f mrdYk oHcsaq;wdu k zf Ykd vd?k rvdk rdbeJY
wdik yf ifyg/ (6vwpfBurd f oHcsaq;auR;zdv Yk ykd gw,f) vluu
kd u
kd w
f mqd&k if bmjzpfvYkd
udu k o f vJar;yg/ udu k vf &Ykd wm bmawGjzpfrvJ ar;yg/ rmvumoD;? yef;oD;wdu Yk kd
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
82
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uku
d v f &Ykd ayr,fh vlurkd uku
d &f bl;vdYk ajymyg/ olu
Y kd q&mawGu tvSnu hf s wm0ef
,lNy;D rodromMunf½h aI vhvmyg/ udu k rf ,f[
h efjyifwikd ;f BuKd wifvrS ;f [efvY u
kd yf g/
7/ pmoifenf;
ar; / / rlBuKd uav;awGukd pmb,fvo
kd ifrvJ/
ajz / / rlBuKd t&G,uf av;awGukd oli,fwef;t&G,v f dk oabmxm;Ny;D wdu k ½f u
kd pf mroif
oifyh gbl;/ oli,fwef;t&G,u f av;rSm wwfoifw h uhJ Rr;f usirf aI wGxuf ydrk oifoifh
ygbl;/ (5ESptf &G,af usmif;ae&ef twGuv f t
kd yfaom uRr;f usirf rI sm;udk aemufquf
wG-J 3 rSmMunfyh g/) tapmydik ;f uwnf;u pma&;ud&, d mawGukd oH;k cGiahf y;Ny;D vGwf
vGwv f yfvyf a&;jcpfciG ahf y;cJ&h if pma&;
vdpk w d f tvdv k jkd zpfvmrSmyg/ pmvH;k awG
&JU oabmobm0udk em;vnfatmifeYJ
pmzwf vdpk w d jf zpfvmatmifvnf; pm
rsm;rsm; zwfjyzdv Yk ykd gw,f/ jzpfEikd &f if
ausmif;rSma&m? tdrrf mS yg aeYwikd ;f pm
zwfjyyg/ olweYkd t YJ wl pmzwfyg/ olwYkd
a&SUrSm pmrsm;rsm;a&;jyyg/ Asn;f pmvk;H awGoifwt hJ cg Asn;f trnfeYJ twl? toHxu G f
yg oifay;yg/ uav;awG pmprf;a&; wJt h cg toHxu G af y:rSND y;D a&;avh&w dS thJ wGuf
pmpa&;zdYk tcuftcJawGUaewJh uav;udk pmvH;k &JUtoHukd ajymjyyg/ csucf si;f a&;jy
wmrsKd ;? pmvH;k aygif;jywmrsKd ; rvkyyf geJ/Y
ig;ESpjf ynfch geD; Asn;f pmvk;H awGprf;a&;
zdYk tqifoifjh zpfwu hJ av;awG (od)Yk ol
i,fwef;t&G,f uav;awGukd avxJrmS
a&;vdu k f oli,fcsi;f ausmay:rSm a&;vdu k f
vkycf idk ;f yg/q&mru avxJrmS pma&;yHk
a&;enf;jywJt h cg uav;awGukd ausmay;
Ny;D a&;jyyg/ avxJrmS a&;cdik ;f yg/ ajrBu;D
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
83
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ay:eJY oJay:rSm vnf;wkwaf csmif;eJY a&;zkYd tm;ay;yg/ olwaYkd &SUrSma&;jyyg/ pmrsm;rsm;
zwfjyyg/ uav;qGJwJhyHkrSm olYa&SUrSmyJ emrnfa&;jy? zwfjyyg/ uav;taeeJY
oleY mrnfukd rMumcPjrifciG ?hf ul;a&;cGi&hf vmwJt
h cg olyxrqH;k a&;wwfwphJ m[m
oleY mrnfjzpfavh&ydS gw,f/ uav;awGzwfzYkd pmvH;k Bu;D awG? pmwrf;awGukd uyfxm;½Hk

rvkyb f J rMumrMum zwfjyyg/ uav;a&;csiw f mudk pmwu,fa&;ovdk a&;jcpfzYkd
tm;ay;yg/ pma&;wmeJY pmzwfwmudk wpfNyKd iw f nf; tm;ay;yg/
8/ pkaygif;aqG;aEG;csdefeJY pkaygif;csdef
ar; / / pkaygif;csdefeJY pkaygif;aqG;aEG;csdef wl
ovm;/
ajz / / rwlyg/ pkaygif;csed q f w
kd m pkaygif;aqG;
aEG;csdefrwdkifrD uav;awG tm;vHk;
pkaygif;NyD; bk&m;&Sdcdk;jcif;? ukd,fvuf
vIy&f mS ;upm;jcif;ESihf oDcsi;f ? uAsmoDqkd
jcif;wdkY jyKvkyfcsdefjzpfw,f/ pkaygif;
aqG;aEG;csed rf mS oifcef;pmudk tzGUJ cGNJ y;D
aqG;aEG; (yHkajymjcif;? pmzwfjyjcif;?
ypön;f rsm;oH;k jcif;) Muwmjzpfw,f/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
84
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
9/ ,SOfNydKifjcif;
ar; / / ,SONf yKd ijf cif;onf aumif;ovm;/
ajz / / rlBudKt&G,fuav;i,fawG[m wpfa,mufeJYwpfa,muf tvGefuGJjym;jcm;em;
Muygw,f/ ,SONf yKd iw f mrSm uav;wcsKd UuawmfMuayr,fh wcsKd Uu NyKd icf ikd ;f wJt h cg
rvkyw f wf? rudik w
f wf jzpfomG ;wwfMuw,f/ ½H;I aawmhraysmEf ikd b f ;l / tJ'cD pH m;csuu f kd
aMumufNy;D BuKd ;pm;csipf w d f aysmufomG ;Edik yf gw,f/ tkypf v k u kd f ,SONf yKd icf idk ;f wmu
ydak umif;ygw,f/ tEdik ?f t½I;H uvnf; tkypf ak Mumifyh J jzpfwt hJ wGuf cH&oufomNy;D
yl;aygif;vkyaf qmifrpI rG ;f &nfuv kd nf; &apEdik yf gw,f/ uav;awGtwGuf olrsm;eJY
,SOjf cif;xuf ud, k uhf ,kd u
f ,kd ,
f OS Nf y;D wpfaeNy;D wpfaeY ydv
k yk w
f wfvmNyq D wkd hJ cHpm;csuf
rsKd ;u ydt
k a&;Bu;D ygw,f/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
85
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
5-ESpft&G,f ausmif;ae&eftwGuf
jyifqifrIrsm;
uav;awGausmif;aezdt Yk wGuf vdtk yfwjhJ yifqifraI wGu arG;uwnf;upwifygw,f/

aumif;rGefwJhjyKpkapmifha&SmufrIawG&&if bmompum;eJY pmwwfajrmufrIqdkif&m tajccH
t&nftaoG;awGukd uav;b0 tapmydik ;f uwnf;u pwifzUHG NzKd ;aeNyjD zpfygw,f/ jrefrmEkid if rH mS
uav;trsm;pk[m touf(5)ESprf mS pmoifausmif;wufMuygw,f/ rdbwcsKd Uu touf(5)ESpf
rwdik rf D ydMYk uNy;D wcsKd Uuawmh (5)ESpcf JG (6)ESpaf vmufrS ydaYk vh&MdS uw,f/ uav;wpfO;D eJY wpfO;D
zGNHY zKd ;rIeYJ &ifu
h surf rI wlMuayr,fh a,sb, k s
taeeJY (5)ESpt f &G,rf mS oli,fwef;wuf
5-ESpft&G,f ausmif;ae&eftwGuf jyifqifrIrsm;

wm toifah vsmq f ;kH jzpfygw,f/
'Dxufapm&if (od)Yk t&nftaoG;
jynfhwJhzGHUNzdK;rItawGUtBuHK vHkvHkavmuf
avmufr&cJ&h if uav;rSmvdt k yfcsuaf wG
&SdvmEdkifygw,f/ roefpGrf;uav;awG?
tultnD txl;vdt k yfaewJh uav;awGeYJ
pdwyf ikd ;f qdik &f m &ifu
h surf v
I t kd yfaewJh uav;awGukd touft&G,x f uf zGUH NzKd ;rI taetxm;
t& qH;k jzwfwmydo k ifah vsmyf gw,f/ tul;tajymif; vG,uf al csmarGUapatmif atmufygwdu Yk kd
aqmif&u G yf g/
1/ pdwfydkif;qdkif&m BudKwifjyifqifrIaqmif&Gufay;jcif;
oli,fwef;wufcgeD; (3-4)v tvdrk mS pmoifausmif;eJY ywfoufwhJ pnf;urf;awG?
oifMum;rIypkH aH wGukd BuKd wifrw
d q
f ufavhusiahf y;yg/ pmoifausmif; bmaMumifwh uf&w,f
(ynma&;twGu)f ? rlBuKd eYJ bmawGwNl y;D (q&m^rrsm;\cspjf cif;arwåm)? bmawGrwlawmhb;l vdYk
xifovJaqG;aEG;yg/ uav;awGeJYtwl upm;p&mtenf;trsm;? upm;csdefESifh tdyfcsdef?
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
87
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ausmif;wuf? ausmif;qif; tcsed t f ajymif;tvJukd acgif;avmif;xd;k yH?k twef;xJ q&m^r
0ifvm&if tm;vH;k vufyu kd Nf y;D r*Fvmq&m^rvdYk EIwq f ufy?kH tm;vH;k pkaygif;Ny;D tvHawmf
tav;jyKy?kH Edik if aH wmfocD si;f oDqykd wkH u
Ykd kd ajymjy? vkyjf yyg/
2/ vdktyfaomzGHYNzdK;rIESifh uRrf;usifrIrsm;yHhydk;ay;jcif;
oli,fwef;rwufrD vdt k yfwhJ zGUH NzKd ;rIawG&adS ezdt
Yk wGuf rlBuKd pwufuwnf;u yHrk eS zf UHG NzKd ;
aezdkYtwGuf uav;\zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItajctaeudk Munfh½Iavhvmjcif;rSwfwrf; (aemuf
qufw-JG 1)udk toH;k jyKNy;D yhyH ;kd ay;yg/ zGUH NzKd ;rItqifq h ift h vduk f pDxm;wmjzpfwt
hJ wGuf touf
(5)ESpjf ynfv
h mwJt
h cg u@wpfcpk &D UJ atmufbufyikd ;f utqifah wGqD a&muf&ygr,f/
atmufrmS azmfjyxm;wJh oabmw&m;eJY uRr;f
usirf aI wG&zdtYk wGuv f nf; upm;jcif;tawGUtBuKH awG?
vufawGUprf;oyfciG ahf wGay;yg/ rlBuKd t&G,u f av;awG
[m ypön;f tppf (od)Yk j'yf&t dS qifyh &J adS o;wmudk owd

jyKyg/ j'yf&t
dS qifu h ae j'yfrt hJ qifu
h ;l ajymif;zdt
Yk wGuf
oauFwawG? ½kyyf akH wGukd oH;k yg/ wpfcck u k kd aumif;
aumif;oif,lwwfajrmufzdkYtwGuf tawGUtBuHK
wpfcu k kd tBurd rf sm;rsm;&zdv
Yk nf; ta&;Bu;D ygw,f/
trsdK;tpm; uRrf;usifrIrsm;
t&G,t
f pm; Ä pmvH;k tBu;D ESit
hf ao; cGjJ cm;em;vnf
Ä &Snaf omESihf wdak om oabmudk em;vnf
Ä yHo
k P²mefEiS hf t&m0wåKrsm;udk ,SOw
f w
JG wf
ta&mifEiS yhf o
kH P²mefrsm; Ä tajccHta&mifrsm;udk trnfEiS w
hf uGod
Ä puf0ikd ;f ESihf av;axmifyh o
kH P²mefrsm;udrk w
S rf d
Ä yHo
k P²mefrsm;udk tajccHNy;D t&m0w¬Krsm;udk
,SOwf w
JG wf
Ä yHo
k P²mefrsm;udk ul;qGw
J wf
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
88
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ude;f *Pef;rsm; Ä wpfrw
S pfq,fxEd w
I w
f u
kd af &wGuw
f wfonf/
Ä wpfrw
S pfq,fxd ypön;f rsm;oH;k í
EIww
f u
kd af &wGuw
f wfonf/
Ä jynfjh cif;ESihf Avm[laomoabmudk em;vnfonf/
Ä ydí
k rsm;aomoabmESihf ydí
k enf;aomoabmudk
em;vnfonf/
wnfae&mESihf vm;&mrsm; Ä tay:ESiahf tmufuekd m;vnf
Ä twGi;f ESit
hf jyif
Ä ta&SUESit
hf aemuf
Ä tay:rSmESihf atmufrmS

Ä xdyEf iS hf atmufajc
Ä eHab;rSmESihf uyfvsuf
Ä tylEiS hf tat;
Ä aES;jcif;ESihf jrefjcif;
em;axmifjcif;ESit kd pf jD cif; Ä ½k;d &Si;f aom ñTeMf um;rIuv
hf pOfvu kd yk Ef idk f
Ä ykjH yifwrkd sm;udk em;axmifEikd f
Ä tm½kpH u
kd ef m;axmifEikd f
Ä Mum;aeMutoHrsm;udk cGjJ cm;odEikd f
Ä ykjH yifukd jyefajymEdik f
vlrpI w
d yf ikd ;f qdik &f m zGUH NzKd ;rI Ä aemufaz;oGm;jcif;udk rdrb
d mom vkyEf ikd o
f nf/
Ä rdru
d ,
kd u
f kd auseyfonf/
Ä ausmif;oGm;&ef raMumufyg/
Ä ud,
k yf ikd yf pön;f rsm;udk *½kpu
kd f xde;f odr;f wwfonf/
Ä ud,
k b
hf momud,
k f 0wfqifwwfonf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
89
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
<uufom;rsm;xde;f csKyEf ikd rf I Ä ajy;Edik o
f nf/
Ä cJwaH umif;pGm udik Ef ikd o
f nf/
Ä uwfaMu;aumif;pGm ok;H Edik o
f nf/
Ä abmfv;Hk udk ypfEikd ?f zrf;Edik o
f nf/
Ä yko
H P²mefwpfcck si;f udk ul;qGEJ ikd o
f nf/
Ä ypön;f rsm;udk ,SOw
f EJG ikd o
f nf/
Ä Mu,fo;D wyfEikd o
f nf/
Ä opfom;wk;H rsm;udk NyKd rusatmif pDEikd o
f nf/
Ä vG,u f al om ya[Vd tydik ;f tprsm;udk
csw
d q
f ufEikd o
f nf/
Ä aooyfpmG ta&mifjc,fEikd o
f nf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
90
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uav;\zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrItajctaeudk
Munfh½Iavhvmjcif;rSwfwrf;
uav;trnf arG;ouú&mZf
nTefMum;csuf/ uav;rsm;tm; tpOfMunh½f aI vhvmyg/ wpfywfvQiw f pfBurd f uav;tm;Munh½f NI y;D
u@wdik ;f wGif uav;&Sad eonft
h qihrf sm;udk a&;jcpfyg/ Munh½f aI vhvmonfh aeYpu JG v
kd nf; a&;yg/
1/ vlrIqufqHa&;ESihfpdwfvIyf&Sm;rIydkif;qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI
rdom;pktwGi;f üom ajymqdq k ufqrH &I o
dS nf/ olprd ;f rsm;ESiq fh ufqrH rI &S/d
rdom;pkEiS t fh wl olprd ;f rsm;ESifh qufqrH &I o dS nf/
rdom;pkEiS fh tvG,w f ul cGcJ mG Edik o
f nf/ rlBuKd omG ;vdpk w d &f o dS nf/
aemufqufwGJ - 1
rlBuKd wiG f pdwyf g0ifpm;rIjyonf/
rlBuKd wiG f q&mr (od)Yk jyKpak pmihaf &Smufow l pfO;D ESio fh majymqdq k ufqrH &I o dS nf/
rlBuKd wiG f q&mrwdik ;f (od)Yk jyKpak pmihaf &Smufow l ikd ;f ESiafh jymqdq k ufqo H nf/
rlBuKd wiG f q&mrwdik ;f (od)Yk vlBu;D wdik ;f ESifh tvG,w f ul ajymqdq k ufqo H nf/
uav;ud, k w f ikd f pwifajymqdq k ufqw H wfonf/
pdwwf ikd ;f rusrrI sm;udk idí k jywwfonf/
pdwwf ikd ;f rusrrI sm;udk rsuEf mS trlt&m? odrYk [kwf ud, k t f rlt&mrsm;jzihjf yonf/
(Oyrm- cdu k &f efjzpfjcif;)
ol\cHpm;csuEf iS fh vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk ajymEdik jf cif;/
ol\cHpm;csuEf iS fh vdt k yfcsurf sm;udk tusKd ;taMumif;ESiw fh uG ajymEdik jf cif;/
(Oyrm - taz'DaeYtrd jf yefvmrSmrdYk om;ôrD; odyaf ysmw f ,f ponfjzih)f
oli,fcsi;f upm;aeonfh upm;p&mrsm;udk vkomG ;onf/
upm;p&mrsm;udk wjcm;uav;rsm;xHrS awmif;,lonf/
upm;p&mrsm;udk wjcm;uav;rsm;ESifh a0rQupm;onf/
a0rQupm;jcif;ESifh tvSnu hf supm;pOf rSeu f efonfb h ufrS
&yfwnfajymqdjk cif;rsm;&So d nf/
wpfu, kd w f nf;aeavh&o dS nf/ tjcm;olrsm;ESiq fh ufqjH cif;r&S/d
wpfzufrS wpfzufoYkd tjyeftvSeu f pm;&aomupm;enf;rsm;udk vlBu;D (od)Yk
uav;Bu;D rsm;ESifh aumif;pGmupm;jcif;/ (abmvH;k vSrd jhf cif;)
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
91
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
upm;p&mypön;f rsm;ESifh wpfu, kd wf nf;upm;avh&o dS nf/
tjcm;uav;i,frsm;ESifh reD;ra0;wGif upm;avh&NdS y;D twkc;kd jcif; (od)Yk
apmihMf unhjf cif;rsm;&So d nf/
wjcm;uav;wpfO;D ESifh upm;wwfonf/
tzGUJ vdu k yf ;l aygif;upm;enf;rsKd ;wGif aumif;pGmyg0ifupm;wwfonf/
jiif;cHjk cif;? cduk &f efjzpfjcif;rsm;udk ajz&Si;f Edik jf cif;/
(Oyrm - upm;p&mwpfcEk iS yfh wfoufí &efjzpfaeygu tMuÓ H Pfrsm;ay;jcif;)
2/ udk,fwdkifvkyfaqmifEdkifrIpGrf;&nf
tcsed rf a&G;? ae&mra&G; tav;? taygh oGm;vdw
k ikd ;f oGm;vdu
k o
f nf/
tav;? taygh oGm;vdw
k ikd ;f vlBu;D rsm;tm; today;onf/
tav;? taygh oGm;vdw
k ikd ;f oihaf wmf&mae&mü olUbmomolomG ;onf/
ypön;f rsm;udk aumuf,w l wfonf/
aemufqufwGJ - 1
bDpupfuo hJ aYkd om pm;p&mrsm;udk ud,

k w
f ikd f ,lpm;wwfonf/
xrif;uJo
h aYkd om tpmaysmrh sm; auR;ay;&onf/
vufacsmif;rsm;udt
k oH;k jyKí tpmaysmrh sm;udk ud,
k w
f ikd pf m;wwfonf/
ZGe;f udt
k oH;k jyKí tpmaysmrh sm;udk ud,
k w
f ikd pf m;wwfonf/
tjcm;olrS a&wdu
k af y;&onf/
ud,
k w
f ikd af &cyfaomufwwfonf/
rdrb
d mom cGuu
f ikd Nf y;D aomufwwfonf/
t0wftpm;rsm;udk ud,
k w
f ikd 0f wfqifEikd jf cif;r&Sad o;/
tus?Ð abmif;bDrsm;udk ud,
k w
f ikd 0f wfqifwwfonf/
Mu,fo;D rsm;udk wyfEikd ?f jzKwEf ikd o
f nf/
vlBu;D u vufaq;ay;&onf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f vufaq;aMumwwfonf/
vlBu;D u a&csKd ;ay;&onf/
ud,
k w
f ikd f a&csKd ;wwfonf/
ypön;f rsm;udk olaY e&mESio
fh l rxm;wwfao;/
ypön;f rsm;udk toH;k jyKNy;D (ok)Yd upm;Ny;D aemuf olaY e&mESio
fh l jyefxm;wwfonf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
92
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
3/ udk,fcE¨mydkif;qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;wdk;wufrI
3/ (u) <uufom;BuD;rsm;
xdik x
f vkyEf ikd o
f nf/ jznf;jznf;ESirfh eS rf eS f vrf;avQmufwwfonf/
avSum;rsm;? xdik cf rkH sm;tay: wufEikd o
f nf/
ajy;Edik o
f nf/
ajy;&if;ESi&fh yfvu
kd ?f ajy;vdu
k ?f csKd ;auGUvdu
k f vkyEf ikd o
f nf/
aemufjyefajy;Edik o
f nf/
rsO;f ay:wGiw
f pfajzmifw
h nf;avQmufEikd o
f nf/
ysOjf ym;ay: [efcsun
f n
D D xde;f íoGm;onf/
ckeq
f ?G ckeq
f G vkyEf ikd ?f ckeEf ikd o
f nf/
abmvH;k udv
k rdS í
hf ypfonf/
cE¨mud,k u
f kd tm;pduk xf ed ;f jcif;rjyKbJ ypfjcif;? zrf;jcif;? uefjcif;rsm;ESifh
aemufqufwGJ - 1
uRr;f usipf mG zrf;,ljcif;rsm; jyKvyk Ef ikd o
f nf/
cE¨mud,
k u
f kd xde;f íypfjcif;? zrf;jcif;? uefjcif;rsm; jyKvyk Ef ikd o
f nf/
owfrw S xf m;aomae&modYk wnfrh wfpmG ypfjcif;? uefjcif;ESifh jyefízrf;jcif;rsm;
vkyEf ikd of nf/
3/ (c) <uufom;i,frsm;
vufwpfcv
k ;kH oH;k í t&m0w¬Krsm;udk aumufjcif;/
vufnKd§ ;ESifh vufrudk oH;k í t&m0w¬Krsm;udk aumufjcif;/
cGux
f o
J Ykd a&rzdwaf patmif xnhEf ikd o
f nf/
av;axmihw
f ;kH rsm;udk wpfct
k ay:odw
Yk pfck xyfwifEikd o
f nf/
ykvif;tzH;k rsm;udk zGiw
fh wfonf/
&TUjH ziht
f ½kyt
f rsKd ;rsKd ; vkyw
f wfonf/
t&m0w¬Krsm;udk BuKd ;jziho
f w
D wfonf/
uyfaMu;jzihf n§yw
f wfonf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
93
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ ÓPf&nfzGHUNzdK;rI
4/ (u) oif,ljcif;ESihf tcuftcJajz&Sif;jcif;
teD;tem;ywf0ef;usi&f dS ypön;f rsm;udk Munh½f aI vhvmNy;D xdMunh?f teHcY MH unhjf cif;?
yg;pyfxx
J nfjh cif;? ¤if;wdjYk zihf upm;jcif; pojzih/f
tjzpftysu?f taMumif;t&mrsm;udk owdjyKrjd cif;ESifh ar;cGe;f rsm;ar;wwfjcif;/
(Oyrm - wdraf wGb,fuvmovJ? pojzihf ...)
ypön;f rsm;udk enf;vrf;trsKd ;rsKd ;jzihf toH;k jyKEikd &f ef &SmazGwwfjcif;/
ypön;f rsm;udk uyfjcif; (od)Yk a&xyfjznhí f yef;csaD q;pyfjcif;wdu Yk kd
vkyaf umif;vkyv f rd rhf nf/
tusytf wnf;ESifh trSm;t,Gi;f rsm;udk xyfzefwvJvJ vkyw f wfjcif;ESifh
r&raeBuKd ;pm;vkyw f wfjcif;/ (Oyrm - &Syt
f usu
Ð kd rdrd b
d mom
r&rcsi;f BuKd ;pm;0wfMunhjf cif;)
tcuftcJrsm;udk ajz&Si;f &ef enf;vrf;&Smwwfjcif;/
(Oyrm - wHcg;olt
Y vdv
k ykd w
d wf wfonfukd rydwaf tmif cJcv
k u
kd jf cif;)
aemufqufwGJ - 1
tusKd ;ESit
fh aMumif;udk owdjyKwwfjcif;/
(Oyrm - zGux f m;aomt&mwpfcck u k kd &Smwwfjcif;)
tudsK;oufa&mufrw I pfcck u
k kd ar;cGe;f rsm;ar;wwfjcif; (od)Yk xifjrifcsurf sm;
ay;wwfjcif;/ (yltu kd v f mwmeJY bmaMumihf acR;xGuv f movJ (od)Yk ud, k u f kd
ywfcsmywfcsmvSnNhf y;D Munh&f if; tcef;u bmaMumihv f nfaeovJ)
prf;oyfppfaq;rIrsm;udk tcGit fh vrf;&So
d a&GUvkyjf cif;/ (Oyrm - yef;csaD q;a&mif
ESpaf &mifpyfvu kd &f if bma&mif&r,f (od)Yk ysOjf ym; a&xJepfomG ;atmif
cJb,fEpS v f ;kH wifzv Ykd rkd vJ)
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
94
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ (c) usdK;aMumif;qufpyfpOf;pm;jcif;
trsKd ;tpm; ta&mtaESmxJrS wl&mpkpnf;wwfjcif;/
(ausmufcaJ wG wpfy?kH opf&u
G af wG wpfykH pojzih)f
ypön;f rsm;\ ta&mifuv
kd u
kd Nf y;D cGjJ cm;wwfjcif;/
cGjJ cm;xm;aomtkypf Bk u;D xJrS rsKd ;wltyk pf ik ,fav;rsm; xyfícGjJ cm;wwfjcif;/
(Oyrm - a,mufsm;av;ESifh rde;f uav;rsm;cGjJ cm;xm;onft h eufrS
tjyma&mif&yS tf us0Ð wfa,mufsm;av;rsm;udk oD;oefcY x JG w
k jf cif;)
topfwpfpw kH pf&m (od)Yk jcm;em;rIwpfpw
kH pf&mudk owdjyKrjd cif;/
(tkypf x
k rJ S uav;topfwpfa,muf (od)Yk ypön;f topfwpfc)k
wlnjD cif;ESifh uGjJ ym;jcm;em;jcif;rsm;udk owdjyKrjd cif;/
(ESi;f qDyef;eHu
Y wjcm;yef;eHaY wGEiS fh rwlb;l )
t&m0w¬Krsm;tay: ydí k av;jcif; (od)Yk ydí
k ayghjcif;wdu
Yk kd owdjyKrjd cif;ESifh
xifjrifcsurf sm;ay;wwfjcif;/
aemufqufwGJ - 1
ypön;f rsm;udk tpDtpOfwus pDwwfjcif; (Oyrm - tao;qH;k rS tBu;D qH;k odYk pojzih)f
ypön;f rsm;udk yHpk w
H us pDwwfjcif;/
(yef;? wkw?f yef;? wkwf (od)Yk teD? tjzL? teD? tjzL pojzih)f
aeYpOfvyk af qmifrrI sm;teuf bmNy;D bmvmrnfukd odjcif;/
tpmpm;csed af &mufNyD r[kwv
f m;[k ar;wwfjcif;/
tcsed t
f aMumif;ar;jcif;jzihf tcsed \
f oabmobm0udk odaMumif;jyjcif;/
(Oyrm - tck 11;00 xd;k Nyv D m;? (od)Yk 3 em&D xd;k Nyv
D m; pojzihf ...)
wnfae&mESiyfh wfoufí em;vnfaMumif;jyjcif;? ypön;f rsm;udk twGi;f ? tay:?
atmuf? eHab; pojzihf xm;wwfjcif;/
wnfae&mESiyfh wfoufaom pum;vH;k rsm;udk rSeuf efpmG em;vnfNy;D oH;k wwfjcif;/
(Oyrm-om;ôrD;ab;rSmvmxdik yf g/ (od)Yk om;ôrD;&JUacgif;ay:wifay;yg pojzih)f
ypön;f rsm;udk wpfcrk w
S pfco
k Ykd oufqikd &f mtvdu
k f pDpOfxm;wwfjcif;/
(Oyrm - yef;uef 1 csyrf mS ZGe;f 1 acsmif;)
*Pef;rsm;udk a&&Gwwf wfaomfvnf; t"dygÜ ,fem;rvnfao;/
(Oyrm - 1ç 2ç 3ç 4ç 5ç 3 pojzih)f
1 rS 10 xd rSeu
f efpmG a&&Gww
f wfonf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
95
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ypön;f rsm;udk 1 rS 5 xd (od)Yk xdx
Yk ufyí
kd a&wGuw
f wfonf/
eHygwf 5 qdo k nfh t"dygÜ ,fukd odonf/ (Oyrm - rdom;pk0if ]5} OD;&Sad Mumif;
ud,k pf m;jyKonfukd ½kyyf kH 5 yHk a&;qGNJ y;D jywwfonf/
4/ (*) ouFwqdkif&m pOf;pm;jcif;

½d;k &Si;f aomvkyaf qmifrrI sm;udk oP²mefwl o½kyaf qmifwwfonf/
(Oyrm - t½kyu f kd tpmauR;jcif;)
t½kyu
f kd tpmauR;[efaqmifNy;D ]]igu arar}} [k ajymonf/
yef;onf (od)Yk ausmif;ponfh tkypf v
k u
kd f [efaqmifwrf;wGif 0ifa&mwwfonf/
upm;rnft h aMumif;t&mudk tMujH yKpnf;½H;k wwfjcif;? yef;onfvyk w f rf; upm;
&atmif? 'Dvvkd yk f b,foul bma&mif;rvJ/ b,foal wGu aps;0,fvyk Mf urvJ/
bmypön;f awGo;kH rvJ/ (Oyrm - ig;? toD;tESEH iS fh yku
d q
f aH wGtwGu)f
aemufqufwGJ - 1
5/ bmompum;zGHUNzdK;rI
5/ (u) em;axmifjcif;
ywf0ef;usifrStoHrsm;udk owdjyKrdjcif;/
(Oyrm - iSufatmfoH (odkY) aps;onfrsm;toH)
vG,fulaomoDcsif;rsm; qdkaepOf 0ifqdkjcif;/
aMumfjimoDcsif;rsm; qdkaepOf 0ifqdkjcif;/
yHkjyifudk 5 rdepfMum^rQ em;axmifwwfjcif;/
yHkjyifudk 10 rdepf rS 15 rdepfxd (odkY) xdkYxufydkí em;axmifEdkifjcif;/
ñTefMum;csuf 1 ckudk vdkufemjcif;/ ]]Oyrm-Murf;ay:vmxdkifyg}}
ñTefMum;csuf 2 ckudk vdkufemjcif;/
]]Oyrm-t½kyfukd aowåmxJxnhfNyD; q&mrem; vmxdkifyg/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
96
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
5/ (c) pum;ajymjcif;
vkdcsifwmudk ñTefjyjcif;/
pum;vHk; 1 vHk;pD oHk;jcif;/
pum;vHk; 2 vHk;wGJ oHk;jcif;/
vlBuD;rsm;em;vnfatmif &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; ajymwwfjcif;/
pum;vHk; 3 vHk; (odkY) 4 vHk;ygonfh 0gusrsm; ajymwwfjcif;/
ar;cGef;rsm;ar;&mwGif oihfavsmfaompum;vHk;rsm;udk tpDtpOfwus oHk;EIef;wwfjcif;/
trdefYay;pum;vHk;yHkpHrsm; oHk;wwfjcif;/ (Oyrm - a&cyfay;yg)
,Ofaus;aompum;vHk;yHkpHrsm; oHk;wwfjcif;/ (Oyrm - &Sif? cifAsm)
oihfavsmfrSefuefaom emrfpm;rsm;oHk;wwfjcif;/ (Oyrm - om;? orD;)
jiif;qdkajymwwfjcif;/ (Oyrm - rpm;csifbl;)
tawGUtMuHKwpfcktaMumif;udk em;vnfatmif jyefajymwwfjcif;/
aemufqufwGJ - 1
yHkjyifrS ar;cGef;rsm;udk ajzwwfjcif;/
yHkjyifrS tjzpftysufrsm;? tpDtpOfrsm;udk tpDpOfwus jyefajymwwfjcif;/
oli,fcsif; (odkY) vlBuD;wpfOD;ESihf tjyeftvSef pum;ajymwwfjcif;/
0gusrsm;wGif a0g[m&topfxJhoGif; oHk;wwfjcif;/
5/ (*) pmzwfjcif;
pmtkyfyg pmrsufESmrsm;tm; vSefMunhfjcif;/
yHkESdyfxm;aom pum;vHk;rsm; t"dyÜm,f&SdaMumif; em;vnfjcif;/
Oyrm - oauFw (odkY) pm (odkY) pum;vHk;rsm;udk ñTefjyjcif;/
pmtkyfrS yHkjyifajymEdkifonf/
pmtkyfrS pum;vHk;rsm;udk axmufNyD; yHkjyifajym[efaqmifjcif;/
pmtkyfrS pum;vHk;rsm;ESihf *Pef;rsm; rSwfrdjcif;/
rdrdemrnfa&;xm;jcif;udk rSwfrdonf/
oli,fcsif;rsm;\ emrnfa&;xm;jcif;udk rSwfrdonf/
t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;ESihf *Pef;rsm;rSwfrdjcif;/
½dk;½dk;pum;vHk;rsm; zwfEdkifjcif;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
97
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
5/ (C) pma&;jcif;
pm&Guf (odkY) ajrBuD; (odkY) oifykef;ay:wGif wpfpHkwpf&mESihf a&;jcpfwwfjcif;/
½dk;&Sif;aomyHkrsm; a&;qGJwwfjcif;/
cefYrSef;í od&SdEdkifaom ½kyfyHkrsm;qGJwwfjcif;/
BudKwifqGJxm;aomyHkvrf;aMumif;ay: vdkufqGJEdkifjcif;/
qGJxm;aomyHkvrf;aMumif;rsm;udk yHkwlul;qGJwwfonf/
jrefrmpum;vHk;ESihf *Pef;pmvHk;ay: vdkufqGJwwfonf/
jrefrmpum;vHk;ESihf *Pef;pmvHk;rsm;udk ul;qGJwwfonf/
t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;ESihf *Pef;pmvHk;rsm;ay: vdkufqGJwwfonf/
t*Fvdyfpum;vHk;ESihf *Pef;pmvHk;rsm;udk ul;qGJwwfonf/
rdrdemrnfay: vdkufqGJEdkifonf/
rdrdemrnfudk ul;a&;Edkifonf/
aemufqufwGJ - 1
rdrdbmom pma&;Edkifonf/
6/ pm&dwå^0dnmOfydkif;qdkif&m zGHUNzdK;rI
vlBuD;rsm; bk&m;&Sdcdk;ouJhodkY vdkufvkyfonf/
bk&m;&Sdcdk;csdef (odkY) qkawmif;csdefwGif 0ifygonf/
vlBuD;rsm;ESihf bk&m;0wfjyK&mae&modkY oGm;vdkonf/ (bk&m;? AvD? bk&m;ausmif;)
vlBuD;rsm;udk ½dkaorIjywwfonf/ Oyrm - vlBuD;a&SUoGm;pOf acgif;iHkYíoGm;jcif;
½dk;om;jcif;ESihf ajzmifhrwfjcif;? Oyrm - wpfpHkwpf&m trSm;vkyfrdygu 0efcHjcif;
tcuftcJawGUaeolrsm;udk *½kpdkufwwfjcif;/
Oyrm - idkaeaomuav;tm; ESpfodrfhjcif;/
roefpGrf;olESihf toufi,folrsm;udk wef;wlnDrQqufqHjcif;ESihf
apmihfa&Smufwwfjcif;/ Oyrm - olwdkYESihftwl upm;jcif;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
98
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
rlBudKuav;rsm;twGuf
oD;csif;ESihf uAsmrsm;
1/ oHpOftvdkufwD;cwfjcif;(vufckyfwD;) 5/ toHxyfoDqdkjcif;
à vufcyk af v;udk w;D yg à cHzk ed yf
à r*Fvmyg à bBu;D NzKd ;
à b,fvo kd aH v; à owdxm;yg
xGuvf mvJ
aemufqufwGJ - 2
6/ xyfcgjyefqdkoDcsif;rsm;
2/ wd&pämefatmfjrnfoH oDcsif;rsm; à wpfww D ;l av;
à atmfjrnforH sm; à wlxyk g
à zm;i,fuav; à vIyx
f m;yg
à &Gmi,fZeyk'f
7/ oDqdkaepOf toH&yfjcif;
3/ yHkrSeftoHrS twdk;? tus,foDqdkjcif; à 0rf;ajrmufpmG
àpum;ajym&if
àrd;k Ncrd ;f oH 8/ aus;vufoHpOfrsm;
àuPef;? uPef; à a&mifaypl;
à0aomaMumifeufrBu;D
9/ yHkrSeftoHrS taES;?
4/ yHkrSeftoHrS toHwdwfoDqdkjcif; tjrefoDqdkjcif;
à aea&mifjcnfrsm; vif;vdv
Yk m à bJq,faumif
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
99
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
,Ofaus;vdr®mrIESihfqdkifaom oDcsif;rsm;
1/ 5/ 10/
tcsif;csif; cspfMuyg/ od r f ; r,f raumif ; yg
tcsi;f csi;f (cspMf uyg)3 upm;Ny;D &if (odr;f r,f)3 - &efjzpfwm raumif;yg
tcsi;f csi;f cspMf uyg upm;Ny;D &if odr;f r,f &efrjzpfawmhyg/
tm;vk;H cspMf uyg/ ae&mwus odr;f r,f/ - pdwqf ;kd wmraumif;yg
pdwrf qd;k awmhyg/
2/ 6/
- atmfqw J mraumif;yg
cG i f h v T w f r*F v myg
atmfrqJawmhyg/
cGiv hf w T f cGiv hf w
T f cGiv
hf w
T v
f u
kd yf g (r*Fvmyg)2 q&m?
olwpfyg;&JU tjypfukd q&mrudu k , G f (&kad opGm)2 11/
cGivhf w T v f udk yf g/ orD;ôm;wdYk EIwq f ufr,f/ r*F v myg
(r*Fvmyg)2 oli,fcsi;f awG&,f « (r*Fvmyg)2
3/
(aysm&f iT pf mG )2 tcsi;f csi;f tm;vH;k r*Fvmyg/»2
aemufqufwGJ - 2
nD n D p D
EIwqf ufr,f/
zdeyfav;awG nDnpD D nDnpD D 12/
zdeyfav;awG nDnpD D 7/ eH e uf c if ;
pDumxm;Murnf/ acgif;uav;udk ikHYum&,f r*Fvm eHeufcif;yg&Si^f cifAs
acgif;uav;udk (iku YH m&,f)3 use;f rmygp
acgif;uav;udk iku YH m&,f use;f rmygw,f&iS ^hf cifAs
rdba&SU(bd;k bd;k ^bGm;bGm;a&SU) rSm r*Fvm eHeufcif;csed cf g
4/ oGm;&r,f/ om,maom aeYopfjzpfygap
vdr®mwJh uav; aysm½f iT af om aeYopfjzpfygap
8/
vdrm® wJu h av; jzpfatmifu, G f r*FvmeHeufcif;csed cf g^rSm/
aocsmud k i f
wdw Yk pfawGtNrJ BuKd ;pm;r,f (aocsmudik )f 2 a&cGuaf v;udu
k ikd f
taztar (aocsmaomuf) 2
&JU
q&m? q&mr a&rzdwaf tmifaomuf
pum;em;axmifr,f
½kad ovdYk cspyf ghr,f/ 9/
13/
pum;ajym&if
yd k N yD ; cspf
(pum;ajym&if)2 (wd;k wd;k ajym)2
cifrifMuifemcsiw f ,f
(pum;us,u f s,af jym&if)2
f ,f (ydNk y;D csp)f 3 r,f/
ydNk y;D cspcf siw
(&Supf &m)2
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
100
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
uav;rsm;twGufaysmfp&m aw;oDcsif;rsm;
1/ 4/ 7/
nD n D v k y f ck H z d e yf ydef? 0
Ä (vm vm vm nDnv D yk )f (a'guf)5 ckzH ed yfav;&,f «( ydef) 3 ( 0 )3
Ä vufajrm§ ufí jyefcsMupdYk (avQmuf)3 (a&muf)5 ( ydef )4 ( 0 )3
Ä a&SUwpfvrS ;f wd;k AGut f ikd af wGxaJ &muf/ ( ydef )4 0 »2
aemufjyefqw k f trsm;tjrifrmS awmhu, G f 0ydeyf ed 0f ydeyf ed 0f ydeyf ed 0f
Ä ud,
k u f kd wpfywfvn S Mhf updYk olwu,ferd u hf sw,f ydefydefydef0 ydef0 ydefydef0/
Ä rsufjyL; NyHK;jypdkY/ wpfaeYwpfcsed rf mS awmhu, G f
wefz;kd &Sv d mr,f/ (a'guf)5 8/
2/ ckzH ed yfav;&,f (avQmuf)3 vd I i f ; BuD ; vmNyD
v,f u G i f ; BuD ; xJ r S m (a&muf)5 AGut f ikd af wGxaJ &muf/ vdiI ;f Bu;D vmNyD vIid ;f Bu;D vmNyD
v,fuiG ;f Bu;D xJrmS avSmyf ga[h avSmyf ga[h
MuufOaumufpu Ykd ,
G f 5/ vdiI ;f Bu;D vmNyD vIid ;f Bu;D vmNyD
aemufqufwGJ - 2
MuufrBu;D u xGuo f mG ;w,f oMum;vk H ; tm;pdu k af vSmyf ga[h/
MuufOaumufpu Ykd ,
G f pm;Munhv f udk &f if csKw
d ,f vdiI ;f Bu;D Nird Nf yD vIid ;f Bu;D Nird Nf yD
MuufO b,favmufvJ csOw f ,f arT;vnf;arT;w,f/ aysmw f ,fa[h aysmw f ,fa[h
1- 2- 3- 4-5/ aumif;vnf;aumif;w,f? vdiI ;f Bu;D Nird Nf yD vIid ;f Bu;D Nird Nf yD
acsmif;vnf;qd;k w,f? odyo f yd af ysmw f ,fa[h/
oleY mrnfu b,fvakd c:vJ
wdww f w
d f ar;Munfw h ,f? 9/
aumif;vnf;aumif; awmifay:wufMur,f
acsmif;vnf;qd;k wJh (awmifay:) 3 wufMur,f?
oMum;vk;H av;ayghu, G wf hJ ausmyd;k tdwu f kd cdik cf ikd v
f ,G f
oMum;vk;H av;ayghu, G .f . (awmifay:) 3 wufMur,f
ajy;vTm;&if;wufMur,f
3/ 6/ a&bl;vnf; ygw,f? zdeyfvnf;
vufckyfav;udk wD;yg 0rf ; ajrmuf p G m ygw,f? OD;xkyBf u;D aqmif;vd&Yk ,f?
(1) vufcyk af v;udk (wD;yg)3 0rf;ajrmufpmG ckeu f &if;uae? cg;awmif;ajrm§ ifatmif
vufcyk af v;udwk ;D yg (wD;)3 'Dvo kd mNird Nf ird &f yf usKud uf m&,f (ajy;Mur,f) 4
(2) vufuav;udk vTyJ g 0rf;ajrmufpmG ckeu f &if;uae? a[Y...acsmv f w J o hJ v l J
(3) acgif;uav;udk ndwyf g 'Dvo kd mNird Nf ird af e rsupf rd rSw
d ef YJ 'l;Nyw
J ohJ Nl yJ 'gayrJv Y nf;
(4) ajcaxmufav;udk aqmifyh g NyKH ;vnf;rNyKH ;eJY Nird Nf ird af eyguGUJ jyefxMu ta0;a&mufatmif
(5) ud,k uf av;udk ,dr;f yg 0rf;ajrmufpmG ckeu f &if;uae ajy;Mur,fa[h...
'Dvo kd mNird Nf ird &f yf/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
101
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
10/ 11/ 12/
atmif r av;As b,f v d k toH a v;xG uf vmvJ a&mif a ypl ;
atmifrav;As ylvu kd w
f m 1eJY 1eJY aygif;&if .. wdiYk ,fi,fwek ;f t&G,f
aEG&moDa&mufvm ..b,fvt kd oHav; a&mifaypl;av;awGeu YJ ,
G f
atmifrav;awmh xGuv f mvJ/ ykq;kd udk pvG,o f ikd ;f
avjyif;rkew f ikd ;f vm (2eJY 2? 3eJU3? 4eJY 4? 5eJU5) &Gm0dik ;f ywfvnf
rd;k wGi;f a&mufNyv D m; 'Dvkd toHav; xGuv f mw,f/ ajy;vTm;aqmhupm;w,f
ESi;f rIeaf wG wzGzJ u JG svv Ykd m oli,fcsi;f taygif;tazmfrsm;&,f
aqmif;wGi;f a&mufjyefNyu D mG / aumuf&;dk ykaH wGMum;
twlyek ;f upm;Muw,f/
aemufqufwGJ - 2
,mOfrsm;ESifhqdkifaom oDcsif;rsm;
1/ 2/ 3/
&xm;av; um;BuD;wufr,f rlBudKausmif; um;
(&xm;av;)2 (um;Bu;D wufr,f)2 «(wD)8 (yGr)f 8 rlBuKd ausmif;
*sK;H *sK;H *su*f sutf oHay; (ab;udzk ,f)2 (jrefjref um;Bu;D vmNy»D 2 vma[h twlwl
aumufaumufauGUauGU qefqefarmif;r,f)2 oGm;Mur,f/ (wD)8 (yGrf)8
vrf;ay:rSm a&mufawmhr,f a&mufygNy/D rlBuKd ausmif;um;Bu;D vmNyD
OMowGeo f oH m vma[h twlwl oGm;Mur,f/
wGeo f o H mwJh a&TOMo
avrSm vGiyhf saH rsm 4/
oabmaumif;wJ&h xm;i,f wl a ysmf a ysmf
vla&mukeyf go,f (wlaysmaf ysm)f 2 av,mOfp;D zdYk
[dek ,f'eD ,f ausmu f mjzwf? ararac: azazBu;D u
blwmwdik ;f rSm&yf? av,mOfaemf twlp;D &vdYk aysmf
awmifujkd zwfvYkd jrpfuakd usmf (wlaysmaf ysm)f 2 /
&xm;wlwal tmf
wlwal tmfwhJ &xm;av;
vdiI af cgif;xJ0ifajy;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
102
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ocsFmESifhqdkifaom oDcsif;rsm;
1/ 3/ 5/
pG J a eNyD wdkuf wdkuf wdkuf pmuav;awG jcif;rSmavSmif
1cg 2cg 3 ? 4cg 1? 2? 3? 4? wdkuf wdkuf wdkuf pmuav;awGjcif;rSmavSmif
5cg? 6cg? 7cg/ 8cg? 9cg? 10cg 1? 2? 3? 4? wpfa,mufcsi;f wdu k f a&wGuMf unf&h atmif
2 2
'Dvykd g yJ aumif;wJth usihf (aysm)f (&Tif) ausmif;odYk 1 aumif? 2 aumif?
(xyfcg )2 vky&f if; oGm;r,f? cspo f il ,fcsi;f 3 aumifaygh [kcd ek 'f cD ek af qmh?
( pGaJ e)2 NyaD [h/ oifaeaumif;vm;/ tpmauR;awmh 2 aumif[m
('Dvykd J raumif;wJth usi)hf ysx
H u
G o
f mG ;wJch g
4/ 3 aumifxrJ mS 2 aumifavsmh
2/ wpf w D w l ; av; 1 aumifusew f maygh/
wl x k y g wpfwwD ;l av;5aumif
wlwpfacsmif;eJY (xkyg)3 wpfaumifjyefomG ;4aumif 6/
(2^3^4^5 acsmif;) (wpfww D ;l )20rf;ajrmufpmG av/ wpf rS wpfq,f
aemufqufwGJ - 2
wlwpfacsmif;eJY xkyg wpfaeYv;Hk wpfwwD ;l av;4aumif (1? 2? 3? 4)2
wpfaumifjyefomG ;3aumif?.. (5? 6? 7)2
(7 Ny;D awmh 8 uG,)f 2
(9? 10)2
ywf0ef;usifESifhqdkifaom oDcsif;rsm;
1/ 2/ 3/
aea&mif j cnf r sm;vif ; vd k U vm yef ; q,f y G i f h a&
aea&mifjcnfrsm; (vif;vdv Yk m)3 yef; 1yGifh? yef; 2yGifh? yef; 3yGifhyg (a&)5 aomufo;Hk MuzdYk a&
aea&mifjcnfrsm; yef; 4yGifh? yef; 5yGifh? yef; 6yGifhyg (a&)5 aq;zdYk aMumzdYk a&
vif;vdv Yk m(tm;vH;k )2 vif;vdv Yk m yef; 7yGifh? yef; 8yGifh? yef; 9yGihfyg (a&)5 csufzdkY jyKwfzdkY a&
cs,&f yD iG rhf sm; (yGiv hf v Ykd m)3 yef;uav; 10 yGiyhf g&Si^hf cifAsm/h a&av;[mav t"duusvaS y
cs,&f yD iG rhf sm; yGiv hf v Ykd m xrif;touf ckEpS &f uf
(tm;vk;H )2 yGiv hf v
Ykd m/ a&toufawmh wpfreuf
a&aumif;a&oefY &rSom
use;f rm 0NzKd ;rSm/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
103
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
4/ 5/
avNid r f N id r f rd k ; Ncd r f ; oH M um;
avNird Nf ird f opfyifBu;D uNird f (rd;k Ncrd ;f oHMum;)2 (oifMum;vm;)2
avjyif;wdu k af wmh bmjzpfw,f (rd;k pufuav;rsm;usvm)2
a[m'Dvkd jzpfw,f &Tu
J ek Nf y?D pdu k ek Nf y/D
ta&SUuwdu k jf yefawmh
(taemufu)kd 2
taemufuwdu k jf yefawmh(ta&SUud)k 2
avNird Nf ird o f pfyifBu;D uNird f
Nird Nf ird /f
wd&pämefrsm;ESifhqdkifaom oDcsif;rsm;
1/ 3/ 5/
aemufqufwGJ - 2
ud k , if a umif atmf j rnf o H r sm; Xuf u av;eD e D

(ud, k ifaumif)2 ody&f zHG aYkd umif; us;D uef;uav; tm.tm.tm i,faomiSuu f av;eDeD
rpifvnf;pm; [if;vnf;pm; pmuav;u us.d us.d usd opfuikd ;f ay:rSmxkid af e
[ked 'YJ u
D ;l vm aMumifuav;u tNr;D av;u vIyfíae
olUajcvufawG aq;aewm anmif.anmif.anmif (vIy)f 3 íae?
wdYk xrif;0dik ;f ay:rSm <uufuav;u uR.D uR.D uRD acgif;uav;u ndwí f ae
½ku
d yf g[ armif;yg[ (tm)7? (us)d 7? (anmif)7? (uRD )7 tNr;D av;u vIyí f ae
csr;f omray;eJu Y mG (vIy)f 3 íae/
xrif;0dik ;f tkyx f m;&atmif
oGm;awmh ud, k ifaumif/ 6/
bBuD ; Nzd K ;
2/ (bBu;D NzKd ; v,fxrJ mS ) 3
bJ q ,f a umif bJuav;rsm; atmfaeonfukd
«a&xJrmS bJq,faumif 4/ oGm;í MunfMh upd/Yk
(ud;k ½k;d um;,m;)2»2 zm;i,fuav; (Muufuav;rsm;^
a&xJrmS bJq,faumif (ud;k ½k;d (zm;i,fuav;)2 qdwu f av;rsm;^
ud;k ½k;d um;,m; )2 olwaYkd tmfoMH um; EGm;uav;rsm;)
(tH;k tGrf uGrf uGr)f 2
tH;k tGrf uGrf uGrf uGrf
(tNr;D r½S)d 2 toHus,pf mG atmf
( tH;k tGrf uGrf uGr)f 3 uGr/f
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
104
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
7/ 10/ 15/
uPef;rdom;pk awmuf w J h oyd w f v G , f
(vufuakd jrm§ uf ab;wdu k f opfyifay:rSmxdik af ewJh eHeufvif;vdYk tdy, f mEd;k awmh
avQmuf) rif;vrf;avQmufwm (awmufw)hJ 2 rd;k av0o (ydus)d 2 toHMum;w,f?
rSm;aew,f) 2 ('Dvrkd [kwb f ;l ? a[maewJh (awmufw)hJ 2 acgif;urJrJ tNr;D uaxmifaxmif
'Dv'kd v D )kd 2 uPef;rdom;pk td;k ..atmfvu kd pf rf;ygtk;H ? bmiSuv f vJ Ykd ar;Munfw h ,f?
2
vrf;avQmufMuwm? rd;k &Gmrvm; awmufwhJ (aMomf oydwv f ,G )f
0dik ;f um ywfum csmcsmvnf tk.d awmufwhJ oydwv f ,G if u S uf av;yJ/
wdw Yk pfawGvnf; vrf;avQmuf
Mur,f? acgif;aqmifajc&m 11/ 16/
twdik ;f ayghu, G /f ZD ; uG u f u av; aMumif r J r
ZD;uGuu f av; rsuv f ;kH jyL; 0aomaMumifrrJ Bu;D rSm
Nird Nf ird u
f av; xdik af ew,f aMumifi,fav;aumifyg/
vdrrf mvdu k w f muG,f rD;zdek m;uzsmay:rSm
aemufqufwGJ - 2
arsmufnKd uav; opfo;D cl;? tdyaf ysmaf eMu&Sm/
ckeq f G ckeq f G uvdaYk e? aMumifrBu;D toHMum;um
8/ rsupf d aemufw,fa[h? ½kwu f eJoxl /
uPef;? uPef; Nird Nf ird uf av; xdik af er,f? <uufxifyg&JU aMumifi,fw?Ykd
(uPef;? uPef;)2 ckeq f G ckeq f G rvkyaf wmhyg? oGm;íMunfMh upd/Yk
(vufraxmif)2 q&mrpum;udk em;axmifr,f/ oGm;íoGm;íjznf;n§i;f pGm
«(ab;wdu k )f 2vrf;avQmuf»2 (azazh? ararh?...) avQmufí Munfah omtcg
(wGi;f xJ0if)2 rD;zdek m;u <uufuav;
14/ wGi;f xJu0kd ifajy;/
9/ Muufuav;(5)aumif
vd y f j ymuav;awG Muufuav;(5)aumif 17/
vdyjf ymav;awG 0JysaH e uReaf wmhrmS &Syd gw,f? jrif ; 0BuD ; pD ; r,f
yef;yGiMhf um;rSm aysmjf rL;ae ydeyf ed af v;&,f 0 0 av;&,f? (vmNyu D u
kd jkd rif;Bu;D pD;um
wdu
Yk av;rsm;vnf; ESpaf umifygygw,f? 'gayrJah v jrif;0Bu;D udpk ;D vdv Yk m)2 'gudk
vufajrm§ ufv&Ykd ,f/ wpfaumifrmS tarmufuav; oluvkyjf yw,f? ab;csi;f
vdyjf ymav;vdk uMur,f/ &Syd gw,f? ab;csi;f ab;csi;f wdu k Mf ur,f?
«twlcsw D ufomG ;wJt
h oH a&SYcsif; a&YScsif; a&SYcsif;
(uawmf)3»2 olajcvSr;f oGm;wJh eD;vd&Yk ,fausmcsi;f ausmcsi;f
toH (uawmf)3 / ausmcsi;f uyfvu Ykd ,
G f 'gudo
k u
l
vkyjf yw,f___
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
105
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
18/ 19/
&S O f h n d K av; iS u f u av;awG j cif ; rS m avS m if
«(½SOn hf Kad v;)2 iSuu f av;awG jcif;rSmavSmif a&wGuMf unf&h atmif
tNr;D av; vIyw f w
k w k »f 2
f w wpfaumif? ESpaf umif? oH;k aumifaygh [dck ek 'f cD ek af qmh?
csppf &maumif;wJh EIwo f ;D av;? tpmauR;awmh wpfaumif[m
opfo;D uav; pm;aew,f/ ysxH u G o
f mG ;wJt
h cg?
oH;k aumifxrJ mS wpfaumifavsmh
ESpaf umif usew f maygh/
cE¨mudk,fESifhqdkifaom oDcsif;rsm;
1/ 3/ 7/
vI y f x m;yg acgif;av; vIyfygvm; cE¨ m ud k , f
1/ (vufreJY vufñ;dI eJY (acgif;)3 av;vIyyf gvm;? (a&;-udak tmifatmif)
aemufqufwGJ - 2
vIyx f m;yg)3 (acgif;)3 av;vIyv f u kd yf g? cE¨mud, k f wpfcv

k ;kH ?
Äwpfcsed v f ;Hk vIyx f m;yg/ «(AkHwD;)2 ywfcsycf sy)f »2 (acgif;)3 0dik ;f 0dik ;f pufpuf vSwrhJ suEf mS
2/ (vufreJY vufñId;eJY acgif;eJY av;vIyu f m uvdu k yf g? vufEpS zf ufygw,f
vIyx f m;yg)3 Ä (yck;H ^cg;^'l;) eDe&D &J J EIwcf rf;av;[mvnf;
3/ (vufreJY vufñ;dI eJY csppf &m aumif;w,f/
acgif;eJYyckH;eJY vIyfxm;yg)3 Ä 6/ (qwfawmuf)2 avQmufwYJ
4/ (vufreJv Y ufñ;dI eJY acgif;eJY 'l;uav;udkauG;NyD; ajcaxmufuav;&,f?
yckH;eJYcg;eJY vIyfxm;yg)3 Ä 'l;uav;udak uG;Ny;D Aduk u f av;ylyl Adu k u f av;plpl
5/ (vufreJv Y ufñ;dI eJY ycH;k av;wGeYf vdu k yf g tm;vH;k [m t*Fgcsi;f awGyJ
acgif;eJyY ck;H eJY cg;eJY ykuu G eG aYJ vQmuf&wm ('dt Yk m;vH;k cspMf u&if )2
ajcaxmufev f m;yg)3 Ä
YJ yI x aysmpf &myJumG trsm;a&SUrSm xif&mS ;r,f/
cg;uav;udk vufaxmuf
2/ ajcaxmufav; a½SUxkwyf g? 8/
aysmf a ysmf & T i f & T i f acgif;av;armhvUdk [m;wdu k uf m oif h e m;&G u f & S n f o vm;
rsupf ad v;u jrifw,f atmf&,fvu kd yf g [m; [m; [m;/ oifeh m;&Guf &Sno f vm;
em;uav;u Mum;w,f a&SUaemuf vSnv hf &Ykd ovm;
emacgif;av;u avud½k LS &w,f BuKd ;vdk xH;k vd&Yk ovm;
OD;aESmufav;u awG;um zJjym;av;vdk csnEf ikd v f m;
yg;pyfav;udk [um ausmyd;k tdwv f kd vG,w f ifvukd Nf y;D
aysmaf ysm&f iT &f iT f ppfom;av;vdk avQmufEikd v f m;
oDcsi;f qdMk updu Yk ,G ?f aysmyf gw,f/ oifeh m;&Guf &Sno f vm;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
106
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
9/ 10/
jref r mjynf a jryH k a&TeJYvJvdkYr&wJh vuf
(vufwpfzufukd ukwaf y:wif? a&Tev
YJ v
J rYkd &wJh vuf aiGev YJ v
J rYkd &wJh vuf
vufwpfzufukd cg;rSmaxmuf? a&TawGaiGawG b,favmufay;ay; vJvrYkd &wJh vuf?
b,fajcaxmufav; r vdu k &f if tvkyrf sm;vky&f ifu, G f bmrqdw k wfEikd wf ,f?
tJ'gbmyHv k )J 2 'djYk refrmajryHyk /J vdt
k yfwt hJ cg qd&k ifu, G f uqdv k nf; uEdik wf ,f/
uav;uAsmrsm;
1/ 4/ 7/
aMumif u av;yl p D rES i f ; qD bJ u av;
ylpuD av; anmifanmif rESi;f qD rESi;f qD NyKH ;NyKH av; bJuav; bJuav;
bmudk awmif;ovJarmif aewwfonf? rESi;f qD ud,
k vf ;Hk jzLjzLazG;
rD;zdak csmifu ig;aMumfrsm; bmawGa&;? uBu;D cacG;a&; MuLMuLarT;wJh Mumtdik rf mS
awmif;vdaYk eovm;/ vufa&;uav;u 0dik ;f vdn Yk D bJuav; aqmhvu kd w
f m
aemufqufwGJ - 2
rawmif;ygeJY ylp&D ,f yef;uav;udpk ?D rESi;f qD&UJ armifav;vmvdYk twlaqmh
araraps;oGm;w,f/ yg;tdUk av; yef;uav;vdak rT;/ arar½kud rf mS aygh/
aps;0,fjyefrS qmwJt h aMumif;
ararhqrD mS awmif;/ 5/
<uufuav;
2/ BuKd ;wef;ay: <uufi,favQmuf
vrif;xJu ,kefuav; vdru hf srmS olraMumuf
vrif;xJu ,keu f av; wpfzuftrd u f akd &muf 8/
tom;jzLjzLazG; jywif;aygufu olcek 0f if ypf w d k i f ; axmif
awmifa0S;axmufwhJ tbd;k tkd aMumifzm;Bu;D udjk rif uReaf wmht f rnf ypfwikd ;f axmif
armifq
h v
D mygqdk aMumifujkd rifawmh olxu G af jy; ypfcsi&f mypf rvJaygif
rvmvdak eyga&m aMumufpw d 0f ifaygh acgif;axmifygvdYk &ifuakd umh
vluav;vmrSmaygh/ <uufi,fav;/ taecyfaMumhaMumh
uReaf wmhtwGuf ylp&m
3/ 6/ bmrSr&Syd g? usonfah e&m
azazBuD ; aeY & uf r sm; aexdik v f Ykd (aysmv
f Ykd armfvYkd
azazBu;D azazBu;D we*FaEG? wevFm f AsK;d )2/
½Tio
vufcyk o f NH yKd iw
f ;D azazBu;D &JY avawGr;kd awGvm t*Fg? Ak'[¨ ;l
vufcyk o f H pnf;0g;rudu k jf yef avjynfwpfjzL;jzL; Mumoyaw;?
rudu k jf yefawmh aemufwpfausmh aomMum? vrif;xdex f ed o
f m
rD;rD;armNyaD ygh/ paewpf&ufwnf;rd;k awGa&awG&/JT
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
107
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
9/ 12/ 16/
0rf ; pm a&T v rS m ,k e f 0 yf v d k U ouf w H
Muufuav;csppf &m (zd;k vrif;uAsm) [k;d .ta0;rSm Munfv h u
kd yf g?
ajrud, k ufvt Ykd pm&Sm a&TvrSm ,ke0f yfvYkd c&rf;rJe,feYJ tjymrd;k jymay:rSm
a&jyifrmS bJuav; ikycf saD y:csD qefzyG w f thJ bd;k tkd oufwyH g? (vSvu f m)2
kd w
tpmavG;? iSuu f av;u a[m.. Munfyh gqd?k a&aiGrY eI rf eI f azG;azG;av;
aumif;uif,H tpm&SmzdyYk sH qdo k mqdk ydrk okd nfph um; aea&mifaEG;aEG; jzwfvaYkd jy;
wd&pämefjzpfaomfjim; uav; tikw d w d af tmif av;udik ;f oP²mefauG;auG;av;
vkvYH &SNd y;D om;/ t&dyt f a&mifjyw,f ckEpS pf Ofa&mifjc,foufwaH v;/
zd;k vewfom;/
17/
14/ ta&S Y t aemuf
a&T O Mo ta&SUbufrmS aexGuv f m
10/ a&TOMo? a&TOMo wGeo f oH mwJh tvif;a&mifav;awGjzm
aemufqufwGJ - 2
a½T M uuf z a&TOMo? a&TOMo wGeo f oH m 'Dtcsed u

f sjyefawmh
a½TMuufz a½TMuufz aEG;OD;aygufawmhrmS om;om;rD;rD; ausmif;oGm;aygh?
tarmufBu;D eJY a½TMuufz aEGO;D ayguf&if NrKd iw
f pfaMum taemufbufrmS ae0if&mS
a½TMuufzBu;D awmifycH sD wGeof o H mwJh a&TOMo/ tvif;a&mifazsmjh yefwm?
wGeu f sL;vdu k af vNyD aevk;H eDvYkd 'Dtcsed u
f sjyefawmh
&J&w
J w G f jrufcif;pdr;f pdk 15/ om;om;rD;rD; tdraf &mufaygh/
ESi;f &nfqw G ?f (atmuf tD; tD; Muuf z wd e f n if
2
tGw)f Muufzwden f if awmud0k if
armif&ifvm av;eJyY pf
11/ rypfygeJY armif&if&,f?
ol i ,f c sif ; Muufwufq;l vdYk aoawmhr,f?
emewfo;D eJY 'l;&if;[m b,fbufuql;2 nmbufuql;2
oli,fcsi;f awGyg wpfaeYrmS cGyv
f u
kd Mf updYk oli,fcsi;f ? 18/
&efjzpfMu 'l;&if;oD;u ql;eJcY s? atmuf tD; tD; tGw/f rd k ; Ncd r f ; oH
emewfo;D &JU rsuEf mS 0,f? rd;k awG avawGwNcrd ;f Ncrd ;f
ql;csu&f mawG<u,?f 16/ (wkww f w k *f srd ;f )2
olwEYkd ,
S &f efrjzpfe?YJ oifah tmif usD;uef;BuD;ysHvmwm ,dr;f u&atmif u&atmif
aygif;MuuGUJ / H mwm (tm;tm)2
us;D uef;Bu;D ysv ywfaA'd;k ajAmif aA'd;k ajAmif
wluav;b,fvx kd k armifwYkd r,fwYkd nDapom;
(awmufawmufw)hJ 2 0dik ;f Muygvm; 0ef;ygvm;?
t&yfBu;D (&Snv f mNy)D 2 a[; vm; armifwYkd 0g;/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
108
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
ausmif;cef;tvSqif&efEiS fh
uav;rsm;jyKvyk &f ef vufreI rlemtcsKUd
aemufqufwGJ - 3
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
109
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
aemufqufwGJ - 3
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
110
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
aemufqufwGJ - 3
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
111
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
aemufqufwGJ - 3
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
112
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
aemufqufwGJ - 3
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
113
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
tñTef;ESihf usrf;udk;pm&if;
zwf&eftñTef;
(1) ,leq
D uf ECD enf;jyvufpyJG g vufurf;pmapmifrsm;
(2) uav;oli,fzUHG NzKd ;wd;k wufa&; taxmuftuljyKvrf;nTeyf nmay;vufpJG

(Save the Children)
(3) uav;oli,fjyKpak pmifah &Smuforl sm;twGuf q&mvufpJG
aemufqufwGJ - 4
Prepare for UNICEF, Network Early Childhood Resource Centre.
(4) yef;ysKd ;vufig;oG,f (OD;0if;atmif)
(5) a'oxGuyf pön;f rsm;jzifu

h pm;p&mjyKvyk jf cif;? vufpJG (&ifaoG;rSjyKpo
k nf)
(6) pmzwfjcif;jzifjh ri§ w

hf ifpYkd (&ifaoG;rSbmomjyefqo
kd nf)
(7) oifu
h av;OD;aESmufwnfaqmufjcif; (&ifaoG;rSbmomjyefqo
kd nf)
(8) Junior r*¾Zif;twGrJ sm;
(9) Family r*¾Zif;twGrJ sm;
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
115
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
Munfh½I&efAD'D,kdtñTef;
(1) zGUH NzKd ;rItpyxr (Entry Point) Seto Guans, Child Development Service Center, Nepal
(1988)
(2) rD;rD;&JUwpfaeYwm (Save the Children, Myanmar)
(3) uav;zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufrI (Child Development) (Produced by UNICEF: dubbed by
Save the Children (UK), Myanmar)
(4) oif,lrI\tajccHtkwfjrpfrsm; (Foundation of Human Learning) (Produced by
Dr.Nittaya (Thailand) & Bob Myers, the Consultative Group-New York: dubbed by
aemufqufwGJ - 4
Save the Children (UK), Myanmar.)
(5) uav;oli,frsm;upm;onfudkMunhf½Iavhvmjcif; (Observing Children Playing)
(Produced by Save the Children (UK), Morocco (1999): Dubbed by Save the
Children (UK), Myanmar)
(6) tjynfjynfqikd &f m uav;rsm;zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufrt

I pDtpOfrsm; (ICDP) (Produced by UNDP)
: dubbed by UNICEF (Myanmar)
(7) oif,&l mae&mrsm; (Learning Corner). (2001) Produced by UNICEF (Myanmar)
(8) ywf0ef;usit
f ajcjyKoif,jl cif; (Learning from the Environment Child Development).
(2001) Produced by UNICEF (Myanmar)
(9) uav;rsm;ESit
hf wlvyk u
f ikd jf cif; (Working with Children). (2001) Produced by UNICEF
(Myanmar)
(10)uav;rsm;tm;Munfh½Iavhvmjcif; (Observation). (2001) Produced by UNICEF
(Myanmar)
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
116
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ
usrf;udk;pm&if; (REFERENCES)
(1) Beaty, J.J. (Eighth Edition) Skills for Preschool Teacher, PEARSON, Merrill
Prentice Hall.
(2) Church, E.B. (2002). Brain-Based Activities for Young Learners, SCHOLASTIC
Professional Books, U.S.A.
(3) ECD Resource Center (2006). Journal of Early Childhood Development,

Volume III. Resource Centre for Educational Innovation and Development. Nepal.
(4) Mundhenk, A. (2002) uav;oli,fjyKpkapmifha&Smufolrsm;twGuf q&mvufpGJ/

Prepare for UNICEF, Network Early Childhood Resource Centre.
aemufqufwGJ - 4
(5) OMEP Malaysia, Children’s Play: A Project of Malaysian Child Resource
Institute.
(6) Swaminathan, M. & Daniel, P. (2006). Playing Activities for Child Development:
A Guide to Pre-School Teachers, National Book Trust, India.
(7) ausmpf ;kd rd;k -pmwnf;tzGUJ (2003) tEdik u

f sijhf cif; (Bullying), ausmpf ;kd rd;k pmay/
(*) apm[Jrlxl;(bmomjyef) (2008)? rsufESmcsKdvlowform; (Sugar: The Sweet
Killer) ? tvif;tdrpf may/
q&m? q&mrrsm;twGuf
ECD
117
taxmuftuljyKvufpGJ

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ECD q&m?

q&mrrsm;ESihf 0efxrf;rsm;tm;vnf; aus;Zl;txl;wif&ydS gaMumif;

]]uav;oli,f jyKpyk sKd ;axmifa&;vkyif ef;qdo k nfrmS touf arG;prS

ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJrsm;ESifh t&nftaoG;jr§ifhwifjcif;tpDtpOfrsm; qufvuf

uav;zGUH NzKd ;a&;tMumif;udk aumif;aumif;em;vnfxm;wJh q&m?

x uav;tay:xm;wJh rdb&JUqE´ukd tav;xm;&JUvm;/

2/ (u) vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;upm;enf; erlemrsm;

Ä avSavSmjf cif; (ajcr ESpzf ufuikd Nf y;D zifw&Gwf

Ä uav;awGukd zsmwpfcsyaf y:vJNS y;D ud, k u

Ä wd&pämefawGvkd oGm;zdaYk jymyg/ Oyrm-a>rvd?k

vIy&f mS ;rIwpfrsKd ;udk uav;awG pdwyf g0ifpm;aeoavmuf qufvyk yf g/

qufupm;ckid ;f yg/ wpf&ufrmS 2rsKd ;? 3rsKd ;vkyyf g/

2/ (c) oDcsif;qdk&ef tMuHjyKcsuf

2/ (*) oDcsif;opfoif&ef tMuHjyKcsuf

Ä pmrygwJhpmtkyfawGudk okH;wJhtcg q&mu

]]wpfcgwke;f u awmtkyBf u;D wpfcrk mS ylavmiftu kd pf yfveG ;f vdYk jcaoFeh YJ awm0ufwYkd [m

wwfEdkiforQ uav;rsm;a&SUrSm a&;jyyg/ ta&mifuGJawG?

Ä aemuf&ufawGrmS atmufygacgif;pOfrsm;eJY qufvufaqG;aEG;yg/

uav;awG pOf;pm;ÓPfxufoefatmif 'Dvdkar;ay;yg/

- jzpfEikd &f if rdr½d ;kd &mwl&,

Ä upm;csed Nf y;D cgeD; ypön;f odr;f zdo

à uav;awGMumMumrapmifh&atmif vufaq;a&ZvHkawGudk vHkvHkavmufavmuf

à xrif;pm;cgeD; rzdwaf tmif b,fopl m;Edik o

à ]]tck tm;vH;k vSNJ y;D tem;,lMur,f/ vufuav;awGa&m? ajcaxmufawGuykd g Nird Nf ird f

oif,rl jI zpf vHUI aqmfrI

à uav;taeeJY pdw0f ifwpm;&Sw

2/ bmompum;ESifh ta&;? tzwf oifMum;jcif;

à ta&;tzwfeYJ ocsmF tajccHwu Ykd kd ckvEkd idI ;f ,SONf y;D

à aeYpOftawGUtMuHKawGeJY wwfEdkiforQqufpyfay;yg/ udk,foif,lapcsifwmudk

Ä &xm;taMumif;oifwJhtywfrSm twkvkyfwrf;upm;zdkYtwGuf blwm½kH? c&D;

à opfoD;taMumif; avhvmwJhtcg trsm;qkH;pm;avh&SdwJh opfoD;av;rsKd;ykHudk

wpfrsdK;rSmig;ck? ajcmufckjzwfxm;NyD; Murf;jyiftv,frSm Z,m;ykHeJYtwl csxm;yg/

à &moDOwktaMumif;oifwhJ tywfrmS uav;awGukd ]]'DuaeY rd;k av0otajctae

rd;k &GmwJah eY / / ZvH k w pf v H k ; rS m a&tenf ; i,f q G w f x m;wJ h

vufow k yf 0geJY vufuikd yf 0gawGukd a&ZvHxk rJ mS xnfx

wu,fvdkY ... &if ... jzpfvrd rhf ,f/

4/ odyÜHtajccHESifh ocsFmtajccHoabmw&m;rsm; oifMum;jcif;

à tif;qufrsm;ukdavhvmjcif; (ywf0ef;usif&Sd vdyfjym? ydk;[yf? jcif? yk&Gufqdwf?

à yef;rsm;ESifh t&Gufrsm;ukdavhvmjcif; (teHU? txdtawGU? ta&mifrsm;? yHkoP²mef

à opfaphrsm;ukdavhvmjcif; (ta&mif? t&G,f? yHkoP²meftrsdK;rsdK;? taphrStyif

à rd;k aumif;uifuadk vhvmjcif; (rd;k wdryf o

à tyifaygufav;rsm;udk avhvmjcif; (trsdK;tpm;? pkdufysdK;apmifha&SmufyHkrsm;)

à tdrfarG;^arG;jrLa&; wd&pämefrsm;udk avhvmjcif; (tavhtx? jyKpkyHkrsm;)

Ä jyóemrsm;udk ajz&Si;f wwfjcif;

à q&mawGtaeeJY uav;wpfa,mufcsif;udk trSefwu,f upm;ae&JUvm;qdkwm

à upm;p&mwpfrsKd ;udk upm;enf;trsKd ;rsKd ;eJY yGm;upm;jyyg/

à t&G,fwl wkwfacsmif;i,fav;rsm; (okdY) tat;ydkufawGudk ay;xm;yg/ NyD;awmh upm;jcif;jzifo

à ypön;f rsK;d pkt

à uwfxpl uúLeJY puf0ikd ;f yk?H av;axmif?h Bw*d pH wJh yHak wGun

a,mufukd BuKd uw f jhJ ywif;ayguf zGichf ikd ;f yg/ ]]bmyHk

opf&Guf? opfcufawGudkvnf; ,lcJhNyD;uav;awGeJY tvStyawGudk aqG;aEG;yg/

tvS q if x m;yH k u d k uav;awG

à vdyOf aysmufvYkd vdyrf &Sm

tqif(h 2) wpfcak y:wpfcq

tqif(h 5) o½kyaf zmfjcif; (tjcm;uav;rsm;eJY twlwuGajymqd&k if; aqmufvyk yf akH zmf?

rlBuKd ausmif;awGrmS trsm;tm;jzifh tqif(h 2-3-4)eJyY J upm;avh&wdS mawGU&w,f/ tqifh

à uav;i,fwikd ;f udk vly*k Kd¾ vw f pfO;D vdk

uav;awGtwGuf ½k;d &Si;f wJh

à ypön;f rsm;udk aocsmpGmudik w

4/(C) vlrIpdwfydkif;qdkif&m yhhHydk;rIvdktyfaeaom uav;rsm;

5/ rdb? &yf&GmvlBuD;rsm;ESifh vufwGJvkyfaqmifjcif;

à uav;aeraumif;vdYk ausmif;rvm&if olwt

à &yf&mG rdbawG&UJ wwfajrmufuRr;f usirf aI wGukd oifMum;a&;rSm wwfEikd o f avmuf

(2) pkaqmif;xm;wJh r*¾Zif;? *sme,fawGxu J awmaumifw&d pmäeyf akH wGukd n§yx

(2) pkaqmif;xm;wJh r¾Zif;? sme,fawGxu J awmaumifw&d pmäeyf akH wGukd n§yx