voting 1

Online Voting System
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This document describes an online voting system project report submitted by two students. The
report includes an introduction describing the purpose and scope of the project, which is to
develop an online platform to enable secure electronic voting from anywhere. It discusses the
goals of reducing problems with the current voting system and increasing voter turnout. The
technologies used include PHP and a database. The report later covers system design aspects
such as use case diagrams, activity diagrams, class diagrams, and the database design. It also
includes implementation details and screenshots of the user interface.
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OVS
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SaveSave Online Voting System For Later
1
Online
Voting
System
A PROJECT
REPORT
Submitted by
ARIHANT
(11BCE0071
)SAMEER
SAH
(11BCE0257
)
In
partial fulfill
ment for the
award of the
degreeOf
BACHELOR
OF
TECHNOL
OGY
IN
COMPUTER
SCIENCE
AND
ENGINEERIN
G
VIT
UNIVERS
ITY
(Est. u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)
Vellore - 632 014,
Tamil Nadu, India
VIT
UNIVERSIT
Y
SEPTEMBER
2014
ADDownload to read ad-free.
VIT
UNIVERS
ITY
(Estd. u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956)
Vellore - 632 014,
Tamil Nadu, India
School of
Computing
Science &
Engineering
BONAFIDE
CERTIFICA
TE
This is to
certify that the
Mini Project
entitled “
Online Voting
System”
submitted by
Arihant
(11BCE0071)
and
Sameer Sah
(11BCE0257)
to
VelloreInstitute
of Technology,
Vellore in
partial
fulfillment of
the requirement
for theaward of
the degree of
B.TECH in
Computer
Science and
Engineering is
arecord of
bonafide Mini
Project
undertaken by
them under my
supervision.
This project
report has
not been
submitted and
will not
be submitted
for the
award ofany
other degree or
diploma in this
institute or any
other institute
or university.
GOVINDA K.
SUPERVISOR
Senior Assistant
ProfessorDate:
Date:
Internal Examine
r (s) External Ex
aminer (s)
3
ABSTRACT
The word
“vote” means
to choose from
a list, to elect
or to determine.
The main
goal of voting
(in a scenario
involving the
citizens of a
given country)
is to
come up with
leaders of the
people‟s
choice.
The present
system of
castingvotes
has resulted in
a number of
problems such
as low
percentage of
voting,late
results,
discomfort to
old aged and
handicapped
people etc.
Voting
throughEVM
has not been
able to address
these problems
completely. To
overcomethese,
an attempt has
been made to
introduce an
online platform
specificallydesi
gned for
electronic
voting that will
enable people
to vote securely
fromanywhere
without moving
to a voting
machine, al hil
they need is a
computer
ormobile and
internet
connection.
This platform
will provide the
desired
comfortand
security to the
voters which
will bypass the
lengthy process
which claims
asignificant
amount of
money, time
and energy of
all concerned.
This is a
smallscale
project for
Online voting
system. The
basic idea is
that the citizens
of thecountry
can vote for the
candidates
during election
in the online. It
consists ofvoter
details, security
system, status
and exits. The
administrator
can enter
thename and
password and
generate the
reports and can
perform
operation like
addcitizens,
search, delete
the citizens in
the database. In
Online voting
system wecan
get the result of
the election
based on
polling.
4
CHAPTER NO.
TITLE PAGE N
O.ABSTRACT
3
LIST OF TABLE
S 6LIST OF
FIGURES
7LIST OF SYMB
OLS 81. INTRO
DUCTION 9
1.1 PURPOSE 10
1.2 SCOPE 101.3
PROBLEM STAT
EMENT 101.4 DE
SCRIPTION OF
THE SYSTEM 11
1.4.1 PROPOSED
SYSTEM 111.4.2
GOALS OF THE
SYSTEM 121.4.3
TECHNOLOGIE
S USED 13
2. LITERATUR
E REVIEW 14
2.1 OLD METHO
DS OF VOTING
142.2 SECURITY
ISSUES 152.3 CU
RRENT SYSTEM
DRAWBACKS 1
52.4 SYSTEM RE
QUIREMENTS 1
6
3.
DESIGN
3.1 SOFTWARE
REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION
183.1.1 FUNCTI
ONAL REQUIRE
MENTS 183.1.2
NON-
FUNCTIONAL R
EQUIREMENTS
183.2 SOFTWAR
E DESIGN 193.2.
1 ARCHITECTU
RAL DESIGN 19
3.2.2 SYSTEM M
ODELS 203.2.2.1
CONTEXT MOD
EL 203.2.2.2 BEH
AVOURIAL MO
DELS 203.2.2.3 S
TRUCTURAL M
ODELS 26
53.3 DATABSE
DESIGN 30
4.
IMPLEMENTA
TION
314.1 USER INT
ERFACE 31
5.
CONCLUSION6.
REFERENCES
6
List of Tables
Table 1: Admin
TableTable 2:
Voter
TableTable 3:
Candidate
Table
7
List of Figures
Figure 1:
Architecture
DiagramFigure
2: Context
Model
DiagramFigure
3, 3.1: Use
Case
DiagramsFigur
e 4, 4.1, 4.2:
Data Flow
DiagramsFigur
e 5, 5.1, 5.2,
5.3: Activity Di
agramFigure 6,
6.1, 6.2, 6.3:
Class
DiagramsFigur
e 7: ER
DiagramFigure
8, 8.1:
Sequence
Diagram
8
List of
Symbols,
Abbreviations
and
Nomenclature
OVS
–
Online Voting
SystemHTTP
–
Hyper Text
Markup
LanguagePHP
–
DBMS
–
Database
Management
System
9
1.
INTRODUCTI
ON
The online
voting system
is the system
that aims in
reducing the
complexityand
cost of the
election
process. Here
the voter can
vote in spite of
his absencein
the particular
locality.
The
administrator‟s
effort is much
reduced by
checking the
election status
of all the
localities
individually
forms a place
and itis easy for
him to
announce the
election
result. The
administrator is
the
soulcontroller
of the online
voting system
in all process
including
refreshing
thevotes,
editing the
voter details,
creating new
nominee and so
on. Thus the
onlinevoting
system can
reduce the cost
and effort of
election
process.In this
voting system
each voter will
be provided
with a specific
voter-id anda
password
through which
access for the
voting can be
granted. If once
theaccess is
granted for a
voter-id then
the access is
denied for
logging in till
thevoting
system is
refreshed for
the next
election. Simila
rly
the administrat
or
will be provide
d with a special
id through whic
h he can view t
he status of the
election.Based
on the id
segregation
between the
voter and
administrator is
carriedout
initially. If the
user id
is invalid
then an error
message will be
displayed. Ifthe
id entered is of
type
administrator
then an
information
i.e., the
electionstatus
will be
displayed
which changes
dynamically. O
therwise the
voterinformatio
n will be
displayed
which changes
dynamically
depending on
thechanges
made which
will proceed
him to the next
level in which
he can cast
hisvote and it is
updated
automatically.T
he advantages
of the online
voting system
are that the
speed of
informationretri
eval and
updating is
made easy and
other
advantages are:

Online
implementation
makes it easy
for voters
to participate in
election.

It becomes
easier to
conduct
election.

Election
expenses can
be reduced.

Non-
Residential
citizens can
also participate
in the election.
10
1.1.
PURPOSE
In OVS a
voter can use
his\her voting
right
online without
any
difficulty.He\
She has to fill a
registration
form to register
himself\herself.
All theentries
are checked by
the
DATABASE
which has
already
allinformation
about the voter.
If all the entries
are correct then
a USER IDand
PASSWORD is
given to the
voter, by using
that ID
andPASSWOR
D he\she can
cast his\her
vote. If
conditions are
wrong thenthat
entry will be
discarded.
1.2.
SCOPE
The
supplementary
specification
applies to
online voting
system.
Thisspecificatio
n defines the
non-functional
requirement of
the system
suchas:
Functionality:
Since it stand
alone
application, one
or more user
may useit at a
time.
Usability:
Desktop
interface
(Windows
XP/7/8)
Reliability:
The system is
available only
at the Election
time.
Performance:
The
performance
depends on
hardware
specification.
1.3.
PROBLEM
STATEMENT
:
The online
voting system
is the system
implemented to
make the
votingsystem
easy for both
polling and also
for the
administrator to
view and
11
check the result
for each area
individually.
Here the voting
is
doneanywhere
with in spite of
the area in
which they
reside.The
voters or the
administrator
can login only
if they already
have a userid
and password.
New user can
be only created
by the
administrator.T
he voter can
login with his
user id only if
he has not
casted the
votealready. If
he has already
casted the vote
the voter status
is changed to
„
voted
‟
and he cannot
login with that
user id unless
the
administratorre
freshes the
voting
system.The
administrator
controls all
parts of the
online voting
system
exceptthe vote
casting part
which is
restricted to the
voters only.The
voter when logs
in he can view
his personal
details which
cannot beedited
by him he can
only report the
changes to the
administrator
whocan edit the
details. The
voter is granted
permission
only to view
his personal
details and
vote.The voter
while voting is
provided with
the option of
voting for one
ofthe
candidates or
he can choose
none of the
above.
1.4.
DESCRIPTIO
N OF THE
SYSTEM1.4.1
PROPOSED
SYSTEM
The proposed
system is
divided into
four stages:
Register,Authe
ntication,
Voting and
Counting. All
are based on
the Client-
Server model.
Register
Stage:
First, all the
users who want
to vote in the
electionought
to register in
advance. Here,
the user is
provided with
aunique
username and
password that
would later be
used to log-
inon an election
day.
12
Authentication
:
The registered
voters will need
to log-in
usingaccess
credentials
provided at the
registeration
stage. They
will beallowed
to vote once
they are
verfied.
Voting Stage:
The voter casts
his vote once
he is verified.
Then,the vote
is encrypted
and stored.
Counting
Stage:
All the votes
cast are
decrypted and
then result
isdeclared.In
order to encrypt
and decrypt the
votes, RSA
algorithm is
used.This
asymmetric
primitive has a
pair of two
keys, the public
keyand the
private key. It
involves three
steps that are:
key
generation(whi
ch occurs at the
Registration
Stage),
encryption
(during
theVoting
Stage) and
decryption (at
the Counting
Stage).
Anyencrypted
text with one
key of the pair,
can be
decrypted with
theother one. If
encryption
occurs with the
public key then
it must
bedecrypted
using the
private key and
vice versa. The
key pairs
aregenerated
based on two
large prime
numbers that
must be kept
insecret just
as the private
key. Then,
AES-256 is
implemented
onthe system to
grant the
security needed
to keep safe
theasymmetric
cryptography
keys that are
being
generated.
Theencryption/
decryption keys
are stored in
the Database
with
limitedaccess;
however, they
are encrypted
using AES-256
before
beingstored on
the server.
1.4.2
GOALS OF
THE SYSTEM
Planned
approach
towards
working: -
The working in
theorganization
will be well
planned and
organized. The
data will
bestored
properly in data
stores which
will help in
retrieval
ofinformation
as well as its
storage.

13
Accuracy: -
The level of
accuracy in the
proposed
system will
behigher. All
operation
would be done
correctly and it
ensures
thatwhatever
information is
coming from
the center is
accurate.
Reliability:
-
The reliability
of the
proposed syste
m will be
highdue to the
above stated
reasons. The
reason for the
increasedreliabi
lity of the
system is that
now there
would be
proper
storageof
information.
No
Redundancy: -
In the proposed
system utmost
care would
bethat no
information is
repeated
anywhere, in
storage or
otherwise.This
would assure
economic use
of storage
space and
consistencyin
the data stored.
Immediate
retrieval of
information: -
The main
objective
of proposed
system is to
provide for a
quick and
efficient
retrieval
ofinformation.
Immediate
storage of
information: -
In manual
system there
aremany
problems to
store the largest
amount of
information.
Easy to
Operate: -
The system
should be easy
to operate
andshould be
such that it can
be developed
within a short
period oftime
and fit in the
limited budget
of the user.
1.4.3
TECHNOLOG
IES USED
This project
will be a Web
application to
be developed in
PHPhaving

Database
Design (My
SQL)

Form Design
(HTML 4.0)

Coding (PHP)

Testing
(WAMP
SERVER)

Reporting Tool
(Data Report)
14
2
LITERATUR
E REVIEW2.1
OLD
METHODS
OF VOTING
Paper-based v
oting:
The voter gets
a blank ballot
and use a pen
or amarker to
indicate he
want to vote for
which
candidate.
Hand-counted
ballots is a time
and labor consu
ming process, b
ut it is easy tom
anufacture
paper ballots
and the ballots
can be retained
forverifying,
this type is still
the most
common way
to vote.
Lever voting
machine:
Lever machine
is peculiar
equipment, and
eachlever is
assigned for a
corresponding
candidate. The
voter pulls
thelever to poll
for his favorite
candidate. This
kind of voting
machinecan
count up the
ballots
automatically.
Because its
interface is
notuser-
friendly
enough, giving
some training
to voters is
necessary.
Direct recordi
ng electronic v
oting machine:
This type,
which
isabbreviated to
DRE, integrates
with keyboard;
touch screen,
or buttons for
the voter press
to poll. Some
of them lay in
voting
recordsand
counting the
votes is very
quickly. But
the other DRE
withoutkeep
voting records
are doubted
about its
accuracy.
Punch card:
The voter uses
metallic hole-
punch to punch
a hole on
the blank
ballot. It can
count votes
automatically,
but if the
voter‟s
perforation is i
ncomplete, the
result is probab
ly determinedw
rongfully.
Optical voting
machine
: After each
voter fills a
circle
correspond
totheir favorite
candidate on
the blank
ballot, this
machine selects
thedarkest
mark on each
ballot for the
vote
then computes
the total result.
Error! Filename not
specified.Error! Filename not specified.
15
This kind of
machine counts
up ballots
rapidly.
However, if the
voterfills over
the circle, it
will lead to the
error result of
optical-
scan.Recent
years, a
considerable
number of
countries has
adopted E-
voting for their
official
elections.
These countries
include;
America,Belgiu
m, Japan and
Brazil.
2.2
SECURITY
ISSUES
Foreign
experience
revealed that
they are often
confronted by
securityissues
while the
online voting
system is
running. The
origin of
thesecurity
issues was due
to not only
outsider (such
as voters
andattackers)
but also insider
(such as system
developers
andadministrat
ors), even just
because the
inheritance of
some objects in
thesource code
are unsuitable.
These errors
caused the
voting system
tocrash. The
proposed
solutions were
correspondingl
y outlined to
hold back
these attacks.
For example, to
avoid
hacker making
incursion
intothe voting
system via
network, we
can design our
system to
transmitdata
without
network.
Another
example is to
limit voter to
input particular
data, so that we
can prevent the
command injec
tion fromrunnin
g.
2.3
CURRENT
SYSTEM
DRAWBACK
S
The problems
of the existing
manual system
of voting
include
amongothers
the following:
Expensive and
Time consumin
g:
The process of
collecting data
andentering
this data into
the database
takes too much
time and is
expensiveto
conduct, for
example, time
and money is
spent in
printing data
capture
Error! Filename not specified.

16
forms, in
preparing
registration
stations
together with
human
resources,and
there after
advertising the
days set for
registration
process
includingsensiti
zing voters on
the need for
registration, as
well as time
spent
onentering this
data to the
database.
Too much
paper work:
The process
involves too
much paper
work
and paper stora
ge which is diff
icult as papers
become bulky
with the popula
tion size.
Errors during
data entry:
Errors are part
of all human
beings; it is
veryunlikely
for humans to
be 100 percent
efficient in data
entry.
Loss of registr
ation forms:
Some times,
registration
forms get lost
after
being filled in
with voters‟ det
ails, in most cas
es these are diff
icult to
follow-up and
therefore many
remain
unregistered
even though
they arevoting
age nationals
and interested
in exercising
their right to
vote.
Short time
provided to
view the voter
register:
This is a very
big
problemsince
not all people
have free time
during the
given short
period of
timeto check
and update the
voter
register.Above
all, a number of
voters end up
being locked
out from
voting.
2.4
SYSTEM
REQUIREME
NTS
SOFTWARE
REQUIREME
NTS:
MYSQL DBM
S-
It allows
combination,
extraction,
manipulation
and
organization of
data in the
voters‟
database. It is
platform
independent
and therefore
can be
implemented
and used across
several such
asWindows,
Linux server
and is
compatible
with various
hardwaremainfr
ames. It is fast
in performance,
stable and
provides
businessvalue
at a low cost.
NetBeans IDE
7.1.2-
The NetBeans
IDE is an
award-
winningintegrat
ed development
environment
available for
Windows, Mac,
Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not
specified.Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not
specified.
17
Linux, and
Solaris. The
NetBeans
project consists
of an open-
sourceIDE and
an application
platform that
enable
developers to
rapidlycreate
web, enterprise,
desktop, and
mobile
applications
using the
Java platform,
as well as PHP,
JavaScript
and Ajax,
Groovy
and Grails,
andC/C++. The
NetBeans
project is
supported by a
vibrant
developercom
munity and
offers extensive
documentation
and training
resourcesas
well as a
diverse
selection of
third-party
plugins.
JAVA coding-
This is for
advanced user
who find PHP
codes easy
towork with.
Testing-
is done via
WAMPSERVE
R.
Web browsers:
Mozilla
Firefox, Google
chrome, Opera
and
InternetExplore
r
Reporting
Tool
i.e. through
Data
Report.HARD
WARE
REQUIREME
NTS:
Microsoft Win
dows XP Profe
ssional SP3/
Vista SP1/
Windows 7 Pr
ofessional:

Processor:
800MHz Intel
Pentium III or
equivalent

Memory:
512 MB

Disk space:
750 MB of free
disk space
Ubuntu 9.10:

Processor:
800MHz Intel
Pentium III or
equivalent

Memory:
512 MB

Disk space:
650 MB of free
disk space
Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not
specified.Error! Filename not specified.Error! Filename not specified.


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