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也堕皇2亘噩噩

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c。 ntents

Prefa.c e xi
A.p plications Index xix

The Whole Numbers 1

1.1 Study Sk让l Tips for Success in Mathematics 2
1.2 Place Value, Na.m es for Numbers, a.n d Reading Ta.b les 8
1.3 Adding Whole Numbers and Perimeter 17
1.4 Subtra.c ting Whole Numbers 28
1.5 Rounding and Estimating 39
1.6 Multiplying Whole Numbers and Area 48
1. 7 Dividing Whole Numbers 61
Integrated Review-Operations on Whole Numbers 75
1.8 An Introduction to Problem Solving 77
1. 9 Exponents, Square Roots, and Order of Operations 87
Group Activity 96
Vocabulary Check 97
Chαpter Highlights 97
Chαpter Review 101
Chαpter Test 108

Integers and Introduction t。 Variables 110

2.1 Introduction to Variables and Algebraic Expressions 111
2.2 Introduction to Integers 118
2.3 Adding Integers 127
2.4 Subtra.c ting Integers 136
Integrated Review-Integers 144
2.5 Multiplying and Dividing Integers 146
2.6 Order of Operations 154
Group Activity 162
Vocα：bulαry Check 163
Chαpter Highlights 163
Chαpter Review 165
Chαpter Test 170
Cumulativ旦 Review 172

Fractions and Mixed Numbers 174

3.1 Introduction to Fractions a.n d Mixed Numbers 175
3.2 Factors and Simplest Form 187
3.3 Multiplying and Dividing Fractions 201
3.4 Adding and Subtracting Like Fractions, Least Common Denominator,
and Equivalent Fractions 212
Integrated Review-Summary on Fractions and Operations on Fractions 226
3.5 Adding and Subtracting Unlike Fractions 228
3.6 Complex Fractions, Order of Operations, and Mixed Numbers 239
3.7 Operations on Mixed Numbers 249
Group Activity 266
Vocαbulary Check 266
Chαpter Highlights 267
Chαpter Review 271
Chαpter Test 277
Cumulαtive Review 279

VII
VIII Contents

Decimals 281
4.1 Introduction to Decimals 282
4.2 Adding and Subtracting Decimals 295
4.3 Multiplying Decimals and Circumference of a Circle 307
4.4 Dividing Decimals 316
Integrated Review-Operations on Decimals 327
4.5 Fractions, Decimals, and Order of Operations 329
4.6 Square Roots and the Pythagorean Theorem 338
Group Activity 346
Vocabulary Check 347
Chapter Highlights 347
Chapter Review 350
Chapter Test 355
Cumulative Review 357

Rati。， Prop。 rtion, and Measurement 360

5.1 Ratios 361
5.2 Proportions 372
5.3 Proportions and Problem Solving 380
Integrated Review-Ratio and Proportion 390
5 .4 Length: U.S. and M巳tric Systems of Measurement 392
5.5 Weight and Mass: U.S. and Metric Systems of M巳asurement 405
5.6 Capacity: U.S. and Metric Systems of Measurem巳nt 415
5.7 Conversions Between the U.S. and Metric Systems 424
GroupActiνity 429
Vocabulary Check 430
Chapter Highlights 430
Chapter Review 434
Chapter Test 439
Cumulative Review 441

Percent 443
6.1 Percents, Decimals, and Fractions 444
6.2 Solving Percent Problems Using Equations 456
6.3 Solving Percent Problems Using Proportions 463
Integrated Review-Percent and Percent Problems 472
6.4 Applications of Percent 474
6.5 Percent and Problem Solving: Sales Tax, Commission, and Discount 485
6.6 Percent and Problem Solving: Inter巳st 492
Group Activity 499
Vocabulary Check 499
Chapter Highlights 500
Chapter Review 503
Chapter Test 507
Cumulative Review 509
 Contents IX

Statistics and Probability 511

7 .1 Reading Pictographs, Bar Graphs, Histograms, and Line Graphs 512
7 .2 Reading Circle Graphs 526
Integrated Review-Reading Graphs 534
7.3 Mean, Media.n, and Mode 536
7.4 Counting a.n d Introduction to Probability 541
Group Activity 548
Voeα：bulary Check 548
Chαpter Highlights 549
Chαpter Review 551
Chαpter Test 556
Cumulαtive Review 560

Introduction to Algebra 562

8.1 Variable Expressions 563
8.2 Solving Equations： τbe Addition Property 574
8.3 Solving Equations: The Multiplication Property 580
Integrated Review-Expressions and Equations 588
8.4 Solving Equations Using Addition and Multiplication Properties 590
8.5 Equations and Problem Solving 599
Group Activity 609
Voeα：bulary Check 610
Chαpter Highlights 610
Chαpter Review 613
Chαpter Test 618
Cumulative Review 620

Geometry 624
9. 1Lines a.n d Angles 625
9.2 Plane Figures a.n d Solids 635
9.3 Perimeter 644
9.4 Area 654
9.5 Volume and Surface Area 664
Integrated Review-Geometry Concepts 673
9.6 Congruent and Similarτriangles 674
Group Activity 683
Vocabulary Check 683
Chαpter Highlights 684
Chαpter Review 687
Chαpter Test 694
Cumulαtive Review 696
x c。ntents

Appendices
Appendix A Tables 698
A.1 Addition Table and One Hundred Addition Facts 698
A.2 Multiplication Table and One Hundred Multiplication Facts 700
A.3 Tables 。f Geometric Figures 702
A.4 Table 。f Percents, Decimals, and Fracti。n Equivalents 704
A.5 Table 。n Finding c。mm。n Percents 。f a Number 705
A.6 丁able 。f Squares and Square R。。ts 706

A.7 c。mp。und Interest Table 707

Appendix B Exp。nents and p。lyn。mials 708
B.1 Adding and Subtracting p。lyn。mials 708
B.2 Multiplication Prope叫ies 。f Exp。nents 716
B.3 Multiplying p。lyn。mials 721
Appendix C Inductive and Deductive Reas。ning 727
Student Res。urces 734
Study Skills Builders 735
Bigger Picture-Study Guide Outline 7 46
Practice Final Exam 7 48

Answers to Selected Exercises Al

Su均 ect Index Il

Photo Credits Pl
Prerace
Basic College Mathematics with Early Integers, Third Edition was written to
provide a solid foundation in the basics of college mathematics, including the top-
ics of whole numbers, integers, fractions, decimals, ratio and proportion, percent,
and measurement as well as introductions to geometry, statistics and probability,
and algebra topics. Integers are introduced in Chapter 2 and integrated through-
out the text. This allows students to gain confidence and mastery by working with
integers throughout the course. Specific care was taken to make sure students have
the most up-to-date relevant text preparation for their next mathematics course or
for nonmathematical courses that requ让e an understanding of basic mathematical
concepts. I have tried to achieve this by writing a user-friendly text that is keyed to
objectives and contains many worked-out examples. As suggested by AMATYC
and the NCTM Standards (plus Addenda), real-life and real-data applications, data
interpretation, conceptual understanding, problem solving, writing, cooperative
learning, appropriate use of technology, number sense, estimation, critical thinking,
and geometric concepts are emphasized and integrated throughout the book.
The many factors that contributed to the success of the previous editions have
been retained. In preparing the Third Edition, I considered comments and sugges-
tions of colleagues, students, and many users of the prior edition throughout the
country.

What’s New in the Third Editi 。n?

• The Martin-Gay Program has been revised and enhanced with a new de-
sign in the text and MyMathLab® to actively encourage students to use the
text, video program, and Video Organizer as an integrated learning system.
• The New Video Organizer is designed to help students take notes and
work practice exercises while watching the Interactive Lecture Series
videos (available in MyMathLab and on DVD). All content in the Video
Organizer is presented in the same order as it is presented in the videos,
making it easy for students to create a course notebook and build good
study habits.
- Covers all of the video examples in order.
- Provides ample space for students to write down key definitions and
properties.
- Includes “ Play” and “ Pause” button icons to prompt students to follow
along with the author for some exercises while they try others on their
own.
η1e Video Organizer is available in a loose-leaf, notebook-ready format. It
is also available for download in MyMathLab.
• Vocabulary, Readiness & Video Check questions have been added prior to
eveηsection exercise set. These exercises quickly check a student ’s under-
standing of new vocabulary words. The readiness exercises center on a stu-
dent’ s understanding of a concept that is necessary in order to continue to
the exercise set. New Video Check questions for the Mar伽－Gay Interactive
Lecture videos are now included in every section for each learning objec-
tive. These exercises are all available for assignment in MyMathLab and
are a great way to assess whether students have viewed and understood the
key concepts presented in the videos.
• New Student Success lips Videos are 3- to 5-minute video segments designed
to be daily reminders to studen也 to continue practicing and maintaining good
organizational and study habits. They are organized in three categories and

XI
XII Preface

are available in My肌1athLab and the Interactive Lecture S巳ries. Th巳 cat巳go-
ri巳s are:

1. Success Tips that apply to any course in college in general, such as Time
Management.
2. Success Tips that apply to any mathematics course. On巳 example is based
on und巳rstanding that mathematics is a course that requires homework
to be completed in a timely fashion.
3. Section- or Content-specific Succ巳ss Tips to help students avoid com-
mon mistakes or to better understand concepts that often prove chal-
lenging. One example of this type of tip is how to apply the order of
operations to simplify an expression.
• Interactive DVD Lecture Series, featuring your t巳xt author (Elayn Martin-
Gay), provid巳s students with active learning at their own pace.η1e videos
o旺er the following resources and more:

A complete lecture for each section of the text highlights key examples
and exercises from the text. “ Pop-ups ” reinforce k巳y terms, definitions,
and concepts.
An interface with menu navigation features allows students to quickly
find and focus on the examples and exercises they need to review.
“
Interac ve Concept Check exercises measure students ’ understanding
of key concepts and common trouble spots.
New Student Success Tips Videos.
• The Interactive DVD Lecture Series also includes the following resources
for test prep:
The Chapter Test Prep Videos help students during their most teachable
moment-when they are preparing for a test. This innovation provides
step-by-step solutions for the exercises found in 巳ach Chapter Test.
For the Third Edition, the chapter t巳st prep videos are also available on
YouTube™. The videos are captioned in English and Spanish.
The Practice Final Exam Videos help students prepar巳 for an end-of-course
final. Students can watch full video solutions to each exercise in the Practice
Final Exam at the end of this text.
• The Martin-Gay MyMathLab cours巳 has be巳n updated and revised to
provide more 巳xercise cov巳rage, including assignable video check ques-
tions and an expanded video program. Tuer巳 ares巳ction lecture videos for
every S巳ction, which stud巳nts can also access at the sp巳ci自c objective lev巳l;
Student Success Tips videos; and an increased numb巳r of watch clips at the
exercise level to help students while doing homework in MathXL. Sug-
gest巳d homework assignments have been premade for assignment at the
instructor ’s discr巳tion.
• New MyMathLab Ready to Go Courses (access code required) provide stu-
dents with all the sam巳 great MyMathLab features that you’re used to, but
make it easier for instructors to get started. Each course includes preas-
signed hom巳work and quizzes to make creating your course even simpler.
Ask your Pearson r巳presentative about the details for this particular course
or to see a copy of this course.
k eVJ PEeAUan3on3 ca eat U ecd
EE & VE

The following key features have been retain巳d and/or updated for the Third Edition
of the text:

Problem-Solving Process This is formally introduced in Chapter 1 with a four-step

process that is integrated throughout the text. The four steps are Understand, Translate,
Solve, and Interpret. The repeated use of these steps in a variety of exampl巳s shows
 Preface XIII

their wide applicability. Reinforcing the steps can increase students' comfort level
and confidence in tackling problems.

Exercise Sets Revised and Updated The exercise sets have been carefully exam-
ined and extensively revised. Special focus was placed on making sure that even- and
odd-numbered exercises are paired and that real-life applications were updated.

Examples Detailed, step-by-step examples were added, deleted, replaced, or up-

dated as needed. Many examples reflect real life. Additional instructional support is
provided in the annotated examples.

Practice Exercises Throughout the text, each worked-out example has a parallel
Practice exercise. These invite students to be actively involved in the learning pro-
cess. Students should tηeach Practice exercise after finishing the corresponding
example. Learning by doing will help students grasp ideas before moving on to other
concepts. Answers to the Practice exercises are provided at the bottom of each page.

Helpful Hints Helpful Hints contain practical advice on applying mathematical

concepts. Strategically placed where students are most likely to need immediate
reinforcement, Helpful Hints help students avoid common trouble areas and mistakes.

Concept Checks This feature allows students to gauge their grasp of an idea as it
is being presented in the text. Concept Checks stress conceptual understanding at
the point-of-use and help suppress misconceived notions before they start. Answers
appear at the bottom of the page. Exercises related to Concept Checks are included
in the exercise sets.

Mixed Practice Exercises In the section exercise sets, these exercises require stu-
dents to determine the problem type and strategy needed to solve it just as they
would need to do on a test.

Integrated Reviews This unique mid-chapter exercise set (and notes where
appropriate) helps students assimilate new skills and concepts that they have
learned separately over several sections. These reviews provide yet another oppor-
tunity for students to work with “ mixed” exercises as they master the topics.

Vocab时aηr Check This feature provides an opportunity for students to become

more familiar with the use of mathematical terms as they strengthen their verbal
skills. These appear at the end of each chapter before the Chapter Highlights.
Vocabulary, Readiness & Video exercises provide practice at the section level.

Chapter Highlights Found at the end of every chapter, these contain key defini-
tions and concepts with examples to help students understand and retain what they
have learned and help them organize their notes and study for tests.

Chapter Review The end of eveηr chapter contains a comprehensive review of top-
ics introduced in the chapter. The Chapter Review offers exercises keyed to every sec-
tion in the chapter, as well as Mixed Review exercises that are not keyed to sections.

Chapter Test and Chapter Test Prep Videos The Chapter Test is structured to
include those exercises that involve common student errors. The Chapter Test Prep
Videos gives students instant access to a step-by-step video solution of each exer-
cise in the Chapter Test.

Cumulative Review This re旧w follows eveηchapter in the text ( except

Chapter 1). Each odd-numbered exercise contained in the Cumulative Review is an
earlier worked example in the text that is referenced in the back of the book along
with the answer.
XIV Preface

Writing Exercises These exercises occur in almost every exercise set and re-
quire students to provide a written response to explain concepts or justify their
thinking.

Applications Real-world and real-data applications have been thoroughly updat-

ed, and many new applications are included. These exercises occur in almost every
exercise set and show the relevance of mathematics and help students gradually and
continuously develop their problem-solving skills.

Review Exercises Tues巳巳xercises occur in each exercise set (except in Chapter 1)

and are keyed to earlier sections. They review concepts learn巳d earlier in th巳 text
that will be needed in then巳xt section or chapter.

Exercise Set Resource Icons Located at the opening of each exercise set, these
icons remind stud巳nts of the resourc巳s available for extra practic巳 and support:

MyMathlab®

See Student Resources descriptions on pag巳 xv for details on th巳 individual resources
available.

Exercise Icons These icons facilitate the assignment of specialized exercises and
let students know what resources can support them.
。 DVD Video icon: exercise worked on the Interactive DVD Lecture Series.
今 Triangle icon: identifies exercises involving geometric conc巳pts.
也 Pencil icon: indicates a written response is needed.

国 Calculator icon: op阳1al exercises intended to be 创刊d using a scientific

or graphing calculator.

Group Activities Found at the end of 巳ach chapter, these activities are for indi-
vidual or group completion, and are usually hands-on or data-based activities that
巳xtend the conc巳pts found in the chapter, allowing students to make decisions and
interpretations and to think and write about alg巳bra.

Optional: Calculator Exploration Boxes and Calculator Exercises The optional

Calculator Explorations provide keystrokes and 巳xercises at appropriate points
to give students an opportunity to becom巳 familiar with these tools. S巳ction exer-
cises that are best comple时 by using a calculator are id巳ntified by 国 for ease of
assignment.
 Preface xv

Student and Instructor Resources

STUDENT RES。 URCES

Video Organizer Interactive DVD Lecture Series Student Solutions Manual

Designed to help students take notes
and work practice ex巳rcises while
watching the Interactive L巳cture
Series videos. 币1e Video Organizer:
• Covers all of the video
examples in order
• Provides ample space for
students to write down k巳y
definitions and rules
• Includes “ Play ” and “ Pause”
button icons to prompt stu-
dents to follow along with
the author for some 巳xercises
while they try others on their
own
• Includes Student Success Tips
Outline and Questions
Available in loose-leaf, notebook-
ready format and in MyMathLab.
Answ巳rs to exercises available to
instructors in 岛1yMathLab.
Videos
Provides completely worked-out
Provides students with active learning solutions to the odd-numb巳red
at their pace. section exercises; all exercises in the
The videos offer: Integrated R巳views, Chapter Reviews,
Chapter Tests, and Cumulative
• A complet巳 lecture for each
Reviews
text section. The interface
allows easy navigation to
巳xamples and exercises
stud巳nts need to revi巳w.
• Interactive Conc巳pt Check
exercis巳S
• Student Success Tips Videos
• Practice Final Exam
• Chapt巳r Test Prep Videos

INSTRUCT。R RES。URCES

Annotated Instructor ’s Edition Instructor ’s Resource Manual with Tests and

Mini-Lectures
Contains all the content found in the student edition,
plus the following: • Mini-lectures for each text section
• Additional practice worksheets for 巳ach section
• Answers to exercis巳S on the same text page
• Several forms of test per chapt巳r-fre巳 response
• Teaching Tips throughout the text placed at k巳y
and multiple choice
points
• Answers to all it巳ms
Instructor ’s Solutions Manual
TestGen® (Available for download from the IRC)

Instructor-to-Instructor Videos-available in the Online Resources

Instructor Resources section of the MyMathLab course. MyMathLab® (access code required)

MathXL® ( access code 叫uired)

XVI Preface

AC K n o w e Auqd me n L CJV
-
+

There ar巳 many people who helped me develop this text, and I will attempt to thank
some of them here. Emily Keaton and Cindy Trimble w巳re invaluable for contribut-
ing to th巳 OV巳rall accuracy of the text. Dawn Nuttall was invaluable for her many
suggestions and contributions during the development and writing of this Third
Edition. Allison Campbell and Lauren Mors巳 provided guidanc巳 throughout the
production process.
A very special thank you goes to my editor, Mary Beckwith, for being th巳re
24/7/365, as my students say. And my thanks to the staff at Pearson for all their
support: Heather Scott, Patty B巳rgin, Matt Summers, Michelle Renda, Roxanne
McCarley, Rachel Ross, Michael Hirsch, Chris Hoag, and Paul Corey.
I would like to thank the following reviewers for their input and suggestions:
Anita Aikman, Collin County Community Sonya Johnson, Central Piedmont
College Community College
Sheila Anderson, H ousatonic CommuniηDeborah Jones, High Tech College
College Nancy Lange, Inver Hills Community
Adrianne Arata, College of the Siskiyous College
Cedric Atkins, Mott Communiη College Jean McArthur, Joliet Junior College
Laurel Berry, Bryant & Stratton College Carole Shap巳ro, Oakton Community
Connie Bull巳r, Metropolitan Community College
College Jennifer Strehler, Oakton Community
Lisa Feintech, Cabrillo College College
Chris Ford, Shasta College Tanomo Taguchi, Fullerton College
Cindy Fowler, Central Piedmont Leigh Ann 矶Theeler, Greenνille
Community College Technical Community College
Pam Gerszewski, College of the Albemarle Val巳rie Wright, Central Piedmont
Doug Harley, Del Mar College Community College
I would also like to thank the following dedicated group of instructors who
participated in our focus groups, Martin-Gay Summits, and our design revi巳w for the
series. Their f巳edback and insights have h巳lped to strengthen this edition of the text.
Th巳se instructors include:

Billie Anderson, Tyler Junior College Dena Frickey, Delgado Community

Cedric Atkins, Mott Communiη College
Lois Beardon, Schoolcra卢 College
Laurel Berry, Bryant & Stratton College
John Beyers, Universi砂 of Maryland
Bob Brown, Community College of
Baltimore County-Essex
Lisa Brown, Community College of
Baltimore County-Essex
N eKeith Brown, Richland College
Gail Burkett, Palm Beach State College
Cheryl Cantw巳11, Seminole State
College
Ivette Chuca, El Paso Community
College
Jackie Cohen, Augusta State College
Julie Dewan, Mohawk Valley
Community College
岛1onette Elizalde, Palo Alto College
Kiel Ellis, Delgado Community
College
Janice Ervin, Central Piedmont
Community College
Richard Fielding, Southwestern College
College
Cindy Gaddis, Tyler Junior College
Gary Garland, Tarrant County
Community College
Kim Ghiselin, State College of Florida
Nita Graham, St. Louis Community
College
Kim Granger, St. Louis Community
College
Pauline Hall, Iowa State University
Pat Hussey, Triton College
Dorothy Johnson, Lorain County
Community College
Sonya Johnson, Central Piedmont
Community College
Ann Jones, Spartanburg Community
College
Irene Jones, Fullerton College
Paul Jones, University of Cincinnati
Mike Kirby, Tidewater Community
College
Kathy Kopelousous, Lewis and Clark
Community College
 Preface XVII

Tara LaFrance, Delgado Community Linda Padilla, Joliet Junior College

College
John LaMaster, Indiana Purdue
Uniνersity Fort Wayne
Nancy Lange, Inver Hills Community
College
Judy Langer, Westchester Community
College
Lisa Lindloff, McLennan Community
College
Sandy Lofstock, St. Petersburg College
Kathy Lavelle, Westchester Community
College
Nicol巳 Mabine, North Lake College
Jean McArthur, Joliet Junior College
K巳vin McCandless, Evergreen Valley
College
Ena Michael, State College of Florida
Daniel Mill巳r, Niagara County
Community College
Marcia Molle, Metropolitan Community
College
Carol Murphy, San Diego
Miramar College
Charlotte Newsom, Tidewater
Community College
Cao Nguyen, Central Piedmont
Community College
Greg Nguyen, Fullerton College
Eric Oilila, Jackson Community
College
Armando Perez, Laredo Community
College
Davidson Pierre, State College of Florida
Marilyn Platt, Gaston College
Chris Riola, Moraine Valley Community
College
Carole Shap巳ro, Oakton Community
College
Janet Sibol, Hillsborough Communiη
College
Anne Smallen, Mohawk Valley
Community College
Barbara Stoner, Reading Area
Community College
Jennifer Strehler, Oakton Community
College
Ellen Stutes, Louisiana State Uniνersity
Eunice
Tanomo Taguchi, Fullerton College
Robyn Toman, Anne Arundel
Community College
MaryAnn Tuerk, Elgin Communi砂
College
Walter Wang, Baruch College
Leigh Ann 轨电巳eler, Greenville
Technical Community College
Darlen巳 Williams, Delgado Communiη
College
Valerie Wright, Central Piedmont
Community College

A special thank you to those stud巳nts who participated in our design r巳view:
Katherine Browne, Mike Bulfin, Nancy Canipe, Ashley Carpenter, Jeff Chojnachi,
Roxanne Davis, Mike Dieter, Amy Dombrowski, Kay Herring, Todd Jaycox,
Kale巳na Levan, Matt Montgomery, Tony Plese, Abigail Polkinghorn, Harley Price,
Eli Robinson, Avery Rosen, Robyn Schott, Cynthia Thomas, and Sherry 矶Tard.

比队U协ν(Jay
XVIII Preface

About the Author

Elayn Martin-Gay has taught mathematics at the University of New Orleans for more
than 25 years. Her numerous teaching awards include the local University Alumni
Association’s Award for Excellence in Teaching, and Outstanding Developmental
Educator at University of New Orleans, presented by the Iρuisiana Association of
Developmental Educators.
Prior to writing textbooks, Elayn Martin-Gay developed an acclaimed series
of lecture videos to support developmental mathematics students in their quest for
success. These highly successful videos originally served as the foundation material
for her texts. Today, the videos are specific to each book in the Martin-Gay series.
The author has also created Chapter Test Prep Videos to help students during their
most “ teachable moment ” - as they prepare for a test - along with Instructor-to-
Instructor videos that provide teaching tips, hints, and suggestions for each devel-
opmental mathematics course, including basic mathematics, prealgebra, beginning
algebra, and intermediate algebra.
Elayn is the author of 12 published textbooks as well as multimedia, interac-
tive mathematics, all specializing in developmental mathematics courses. She has
also published series in Algebra 1, Algebra 2, and Geometry. She has participated
as an author across the broadest range of educational materials: textbooks, videos,
tutorial software, and courseware. This provides an opportunity of various combina-
tions for an integrated teaching and learning package offering great consistency for
the student.
Applicati 。 ns lnaex
Advertising/marketing
advertising expenditures, 47
money earned on top movies, 294
revenue from downloaded
singles, 294
sales promotions, 173
television advertising
expenditures, 105
Agriculture
average size of privately owned
farms, 484
bamboo growth height, 35
circumferenee of largest barn in
world, 651
focus on sustainable, 186
kelp growth height, 35
peach production, 21
soybean production, 45
Animals
amount spent on pet food, 387
average weight, 367
bees chasing individuals, 236
budget for zoo, 369
condor extinction, 153
condor population increase, 37
cows ’ grain consumption, 59
diving speed of falcons and
pheasants, 606
endangered species, 514, 620,
623
ground speed of sloth, 236
legal lobster size, 254
length of pelican’s bill, 393
mosquito control, 387
sheep population, 26
speed of insects, 292
threatened species estimation,
21-22,43
Astronomy/space
average surface temperature, 122
cubic meters of space shuttle
cargo compartment, 572
distance between Earth and
Moon, 14
eclipses of Sun, 264
height of gantry used for Apollo
launch, 681
Hubble Space Telescope
mirrors, 336
length of planet days, 183, 293
孔1ir Space Station orbit
altitude, 14
ozone hole shrinkage, 35
planet distance from Sun, 177,
356
planet orbits, 44
planet radius/diameter
calculations, 32
radius of planets, 172
solar system exploration
missions, 513
U.S. astronauts, 198
Venus ’ orbit around the
Sun, 293
weight of person on Earth, 72
Automobiles/motor vehicles
cell phone use while driving, 371
gas mileage calculations, 32, 325,
370,371
Japanese exports to Europe, 453
loss in Jeep shipments, 153
miles per gallon, 275
most popular car color, 444
motorcycle sales, 26
percentage of theft, 449
price per liter of gasoline, 423
trade-in value, 198
traffic causing speed slowdown,
681
truck hauling rates, 72
vehicles produced in North
America, 26
Aviation
airport arrivals/departures, 38
cost to passengers to travel
5,000 miles, 369
flight time calculations, 233
helium content of Goodyear
blimps, 14, 83
Business
amount printer paper needed,
386
art inventories, 184
automobile trade-in value, 198
average consumer spending, 278
average size of privately owned
farms, 484
base increase in part喃time
workers, 476-477
before-tax pay, 314
brand values, 44
Burger King restaurants
worldwide, 44
change from book purchases, 303
change from car part
purchases, 303
checking account transactions,
85, 167,171, 172,346
commission calculations,
487-488, 490,491
cost of eyeglasses, 303
cost of soybeans per
bushel, 315
cost of wheat per bushel, 315
discount and sale price
calculation, 488-489, 491
estimated total costs, 46
fastest-growing occupations, 455
Gap Corporation stores
worldwide, 27
gender of employees in biomed-
ical engineering firm, 183
grocery item unit prices, 370
grocery scanner speed, 370
hamburger sales, 262
hotels in U.S., 198
hourly pay, 84
hours worked per week, 552
IKEA employees by region, 186
Japanese motor vehicle exports
to Europe, 453
jobs with highest number of
increase, 534
loss in Jeep shipments, 153
Macy ’s department stores
sales, 84
motion picture industry, 480
music industry revenue, 484
net income, 134
number of books in shipping
box, 324
number of books sold in
first 24 hours after release,
325
number of CDs shipped, 124
office desk costs, 293
online retailing, 224
XIX
xx
Business (continued)
paychecks received in one
year, 85
percentage discount on
stereos, 449
percentage of nursing job
openings due to retirement,
475
percent of decrease in
employees, 479
PetSmart employee numbers, 84
price after discount, 102
price calculations for electronics
purchases, 603
price calculations for pizza, 662
price difference between
items, 46
Procter & Gamble sales, 45
projected loss in membership
and income, 153
projected restaurant sales, 313
public television licensees, 186
sale price, 36
sales promotions, 173
sales tax rate, 486, 487, 490
shared earnings, 68
shipment refusal due to
damages, 371
stock market loss, 152
Target store locations, 27, 84
total amount of investment, 494
total cost before taxes, 107
total cost of several items, 85,
86,105,109
total earnings, 102
total revenues, 580
trade balance, 142
T-shirt costs by size, 59
unit price in dollars, 365
value of common U.S. coins, 306
weight of cartons, 414
work shifts, 198
Chemistry/physics
boiling temperature of ele-
ments, 126
decibel levels of common
sounds, 37
melting point of elements, 153
oxygen supplied by lawn, 387
Cons位uction/manufacturing
amount of baseboard around
room, 695
Applications Index
amount of netting to go around
trampoline, 650
amount of new homes
built, 551
amount of paint for room, 324
amount of shingles for
roof, 661
angle between walls in Vietnam
Veterans Memorial, 634
angle incline in Khaf陀、
Pyramid, 634
antenna height, 344
building height, 353, 540, 712
circumference of spa, 648
circumference of suspension
bridge, 314
cost of wallpaper border, 647
decrease in chair manufactur-
ing, 480
dimensions of triangular
park, 681
elevator shaft height and depth,
169
height of doorway, 315
height of tower, 695
lawn dimensions, 354
length of boards needed by
carpenter, 404
length of corral, 326
length of diagonal of city
block, 344
length of rope, 395- 396
length of wall in blueprint, 385
machinery producing damaged
items, 371
manufacturing materials
calculations, 255
number of bricks for side of
building, 661
park dimensions, 341
perimeter of room, 646- 647
railing purchases for deck, 304
size of soundproof walls, 441
smelter production of alumi-
num in China, 453
sound barriers along
highway, 403
tiles needed for floor construc-
tion, 404
volume enclosed by dome at
Hayden Planetarium, 672
volume of pyramid, 691
wall, 198
Demographics/statistics
average teenagers drive in
miles, 325
dog ownership in U.S., 313
foreign languages spoken, 512
gender of veterinarians, 453, 480
Iceland ’s population, 13
in largest cities, 521
Native Americans in
California, 607
in New Zealand of Maori
descent, 211
number of veterinarians, 480
percentage of armed forces
personnel in branches of
service, 528-529
percentage of visitors to U.S. by
region, 526, 527, 558
population increases/decreases/
densities, 44, 102, 293
population of Japan, 484
population of sheep vs. people
in New Zealand, 26
population of states, 210, 481
population over age 65, 60
population projections/
estimates, 25, 36, 102
projected population of U.S., 310
top chocolate-consuming
countries, 305
visitors to carnivals, fairs,
festivals, 14
Education/schools/students
applications for mathematics
scholarships, 478
associate degrees awarded, 483
bachelor degrees awarded, 483
base number of absences,
475-476
class enrollment, 72
class trip costs, 173
college enrollment, 44, 46
college library reading
promotion, 39
ua
.
college professor salaries, 390
A
ECZ帽UD
college textbook costs, 293
cost of books, 480
它M
H口。的问晤。比由
favorite school subject, 236
four or more years of college by
person 25 years or older, 551
HCN
F
JZ国宫
gender at school board
、内）
meeting, 367
且只

grade point average calculation,
537, 559
Head Start enrollment
increase, 46
height of students in class, 558
homework in evening, 273
increase in number of high
school teachers, 484
mean time in class
experiment, 536
number of DVD players
needed, 441
number of freshman, 183
number of freshmen in high
school, 697
number of sophomores, 184
percentage of A in class, 198
percentage of students living at
home, 445
public schools in U.S., 103
residence of college students, 530
selection of m勾 or, 200, 209
student government
fundraiser, 38
student government presiden-
tial elections, 38
teacher salaries, 79-80
test scores, 46, 535, 558-559
textbook costs, 58
total semester bill, 86
tuition costs, 104, 483
university enrollment, 606
Finance
average credit card late fee, 304
bank costs, 105
checking account transactions,
85,167, 171,172, 346
credit card balance transfers,
326
family monthly budgets, 553
federal tax returns filed
electronically, 597
foreign exchange rates in
dollars, 315
interest earned on savings
account, 572
loan payments, 85
national debt of France, 16
percentage of adults in favor
of keeping penny in circula-
tion, 453
savings account balances, 36, 103
Applications Index
stock market loss, 152
tax revenue from travel
industry, 45
U.S. Mint operations, 186
Food/nutrition
caffeine content in selected
foods, 515
calories in food items, 84
calories in Starbucks tea, 386
canned foods packing
calculations, 105
cheesecake calories, 84
cheese pallet packing
calculations, 58
cholesterol in lobster, 388
fat content, 58, 59, 104
fiber content of foods, 522
food order cost comparisons, 85
grams of fat in hamburgers,
275
hot dogs consumed in U.S., 84
olive oil calories, 58
sodium recommendation per
week, 86
soft drink consumption by
teenage males, 76
sugar calories, 109
total calories from fat,
481-482
tuna (canned) calories, 84
Gardening/landscaping
amount of border material
needed,304
amount of fertilizer needed,
382-383, 385
amount of insecticide needed,
356,695
appraising value of tree, 573
bamboo and Pacific Kelp
growth, 616
dimensions of triangular
park, 681
fencing needs to enclose
field, 645
garden length, 80-81
growth of bamboo, 403
largest zucchini grown, 414
lawn dimensions, 354
oxygen supplied by lawn, 387
park dimensions, 341
railing purchases for deck, 304
tree height, 344, 440, 677, 681
XXI
Geography/geology
acres burned from wildfires, 586
Andrea Doria wreckage
exploration, 124
Appalachian Trail mileage by
state, 474
area of Yellowstone National
Park, 83
Colorado area calculations, 54
common city names in U.S., 83
dam heights, 36
depth of cave, 119
depth of oceans, 123, 135, 142
distance around 如1eteor Crater,
652
distance between cities, 25, 36,
46, 102,385, 436
distribution of dams by
continent, 532
ele飞ration of selected lakes, 125,
142,167, 171
fraction of water in oceans, 237
highest and lowest point in U.S.,
123,138-139
highest point in selected
states, 14
highest U.S. dams, 534
inches corresponding to miles
on map, 380-381
孔1ississippi River Basin
drainage, 35
mountain heights, 15, 25, 36, 46,
73, 169, 171
national parks in U.S., 194,
200,238
percentage of land area of
continents, 530
ratio of number of mountains
over 14,000 feet, 368
river lengths, 77-78, 356
size of oceans, 532
surface land area by continent,
223
U.S. boundary calculations, 84
volume of Mt. Fuji, 671
Wyoming area calculations, 54
Geometry
area of rectangle, 54, 57-59, 86,
104,105, 109, 264, 276
area of square, 86, 91, 94, 106,
107
area of triangle, 334
XX.II Applications Index
Geometry (continued)
circumference of circle, 356
diameter of circle, 210
perimeter of geometric figures,
20, 24, 95,102
perimeter of rectangle, 25, 27,
47, 57, 82,109, 273,278
perimeter of square, 27 ， 饵，
109,264
perimeter of triangle, 20, 47
radius of circle, 210
Health/medicine/human body
allergy shot reaction times, 69
aspirin use, 222, 453
blood cholesterol levels, 36
blood pressure medication
results, 547
blood types among donors, 274
blood types among U.S.
population, 454
caffeine content in selected
foods, 515
calories in Starbucks tea, 386
cholesterol in lobster, 388
components of bones, 454
distribution of blood types, 199
emergency room visits resulting
in prescriptions, 388
fiber content of foods, 522
fluid intake measurements, 26
home health aide earnings, 83
medicine dose calculations,
324,381- 382,388, 414, 420,
423,622
muscles used to smile and
frown, 84
nurse shortages, 607
organ transplant patients in
U.S., 13
percentage of physician
assistants, 480
rehabilitation of heart attack
patients, 262
sodium recommendation per
week, 86
total calories from fat, 481-482
weight of liver, 425
Home improvement
amount of baseboard around
room, 695
amount of paint for room, 324
amount of shingles for roof, 661
cost of flooring tiles, 697
cost of wallpaper border, 647
estimating height of building to
paint, 691
fencing requirements, 25
garden length, 80-81
gutter measurements and
costs, 25
invisible fence wire needed, 25
length of boards needed by
carpenter, 404
number of bricks for side of
building, 661
paint costs, 109
railing purchases for deck, 304
tiles needed for floor construc由
tion, 404
如'liscellaneous
allowable weight in elevator, 411
amount of rock salt in ice
cream, 388
amount of water in aquarium, 417
apartments in building
calculations, 58
area covered by house on lot, 80
average adult height, 299- 300
crayon use by children, 324
dimensions of aquarium, 672
drinking glass packing
calculations, 107
height of burning building, 681
human chain length, 47
Indian reservations in U.S., 184
legal lobster size, 254
length of toy sailboat, 691
magic squares, 162
mail volume, 46
measurements of Statue of
Liberty, 387, 403
money collected for fundraiser,
556
national parks in U.S., 194, 200,
238
Nobel Prize winners per
country, 74
number of fish in tank, 681
number of Kohl ’ s stores in
California and Texas, 607
number of libraries, 210
pages remaining to read in
book, 35
paychecks received in one
year,85
postal revenue from each
item, 86
price comparisons, 109
proofreading pages, 102
ratio of amount of ice cream by
average citizen, 368
rope length measurements, 72
seats in lecture hall, 58
shipping orders, 78-79
song downloads for each
person, 69
tallest and shortest man in
world, 403
tea bags produced in one day, 60
total cost of an order for
DVDs,55
total land area, 105
travel projections for China, 607
types of books available in
library, 531
types of milk beverage
consumed, 535
UPS delivery fleet, 15
UPS tracking requests per
day, 14
volume of packing boxes, 693
waste of grain products in
home, 453
window washing calculations, 61
words per book estimates, 55
Politics
Congressmen who were Boy
Scouts, 37
electoral votes in various states,
605
presidents born in Ohio, 183
votes for incumbents vs.
challengers, 616
votes in presidential election, 103
Real estate
amount of new homes built, 551
commission rate on home, 492
house sale profits, 82
interest rate on mortgage, 497
percentage of sale going to real
u
－ g ，口。写
间
estate companies, 210
UD
price of home, 482
回同口。但由
℃
Recreation/entertainment
U《
HUHO“N
automobile races, 237
circumference of spa, 648
4ωτh
dimension of CDs, 424- 425, 438
。υnH
favorite music types, 557

fireworks legality, 184
gross ticket sales, 304
Lego bricks sales, 83
length of largest yacht, 439
loss in U.S. movie screens, 153
lottery winnings, 72, 78, 82
money earned on top
movies, 294
Monopoly money
requirements, 83
moviegoers viewing 子D
movies, 209
movie ratings, 390
movie ticket costs, 105
movie ticket sales per
moviegoer, 369
museum attendance, 16, 84
number of frequent moviegoers,
209
number of roller coasters in
amusement parks, 205-206
opening day film income, 15
percentage of frequent
moviegoing, 480
radio station formats, 337
ratio of digital films to total
films released, 367
Razor scooters, 83
Technology
release of 子D movies, 360
revenue from downloaded
singles, 294
ticket prices and sales, 55, 59
Total Gym weight resistance, 480
travel distance on Ferris
wheel, 314
Sports
artificial wall climbing, 482
baseball field dimensions, 353
baseball player’s salary, 45, 107
baseball ’s Hank Aaron career
RBis, 26
basketball court area, 568, 572
basketball free throws, 271
basketball points scored, 44, 61
birth dates of track stars, 27
Boston Marathon participa-
tion, 36
capacity of NCAA
stadiums, 607
Daytona 500 winner
speeds, 305
deep-sea diver bends, 152
deep-sea diver depth, 167, 171
Applications Index
diameter of beach ball, 671
football field diagonal
length, 344
football points scored, 15, 84
football stadium capacit弘 620
football total loss, 152
football touchdowns made, 73
football yardage gains, 580
football yard loss, 168
gender on teams, 184
golf course distance between
holes, 72
golf scores, 149, 161, 167, 524
golf shirt costs, 105
length of polo field, 681
marking foul lines on baseball
field, 650
number of baskets in attempts
in basketball, 384
Olympic medals awarded, 552
Olympic swimming speeds, 293
professional golfer earnings,
325
snowboarding trails, 481
soccer field dimensions, 344,
653,663
Super Bowl scores, 524-525
cell phone use, 453
characters per line of print on
computer, 59
cost of blank CDs, 79
cost of DVD players, 79
Facebook usage, 101
federal tax returns filed
electronically, 597
Great Internet Mersenne Prime
Number Search, 14
Internet usage, 85-86, 98, 101
megabytes of information held
by CDs and DVDs, 54, 59
online retailing, 224, 533
perimeter of smartphones, 303
pixel calculations, 59
printer pages per minute, 54
printer shipments, 69
smartphone ownership in
U.S., 210
smartphone sales, 388
state government services
online, 198
thickness of MacBook
Air, 292
XX.Ill
Temperature/weather
average, 73, 122, 141, 158,
518-519
average rainfall, 304
average windspeed, 304
calculation of, 168, 169
in Celsius, 134
frequency distributions, 517
highs and lows, 36, 85, 124, 131,
165-167, 535,598
inches of rain, 276
number of hurricanes making
landfall, 521
prediction of decrease, 152
record high, 123, 552
record low, 135
snowiest city, 304
tornado occurrences, 37
tropical storms turning in to
hurricanes, 183
Time/distance
conversions of time, 82
distance between cities, 25, 36,
46, 102,385, 436, 587,
602-603, 606
distance between Earth and
孔1oon , 14
distance estimation on maps
and blueprints, 42, 46
distance from home to gym, 215
distance traveled on trip, 46,
103,587
flight time calculations, 233
golf course distance between
holes, 72
odometer readings, 35
planet distance 仕om Sun, 177, 356
travel distance on Ferris
wheel, 314
Transportation
bridge lengths, 76, 83
bridges per highway miles, 72
distance from home to gym, 215
flight time calculations, 233
highway mileage in selected
states, 28
interstate highway speeds, 222
lane divider placement, 72
light pole placement, 72
miles driven by categories,
210,362
miles driven on trip, 35, 46
XXIV Applicati。ns Index

Transportation (continued) fastest computer, 16 largest inflatable beach ball, 671

parking lot dimensions, 82
railroad track inspection, 222
weight of freight truck, 232
World records
calculations for largest cereal
bowl, 663, 671
calculations for largest pumpkin
pie, 663
highest freestanding tower, 14
highest town, 14
largest bridge in New York, 83
largest commercial building, 59
largest commercially available
pizza, 660
largest free-floating soap
bubble, 671
largest hotel lobby, 59
largest Monopoly board, 27
largest permanent maze, 37
largest U.S. flag, 660
smallest jigsaw puzzle, 27
tallest and shortest man in
world, 403
tallest buildings, 13, 20, 77,
540,553
tallest waterfall, 26

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Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 “We are having a fine time of it. I never had a finer in my life,” said
young William Parkmann, as he flew over the ice side by side with
Marie Langlade.
“Yes, we always have a good time in winter,” she answered; “but
this year it seems better than usual,” and she looked shyly at her
companion.
“I’m glad to hear you say that,” he answered. “I shall never forget
how happy I have been; and perhaps, Marie, when this war is over, if
God spare my life, I may come back and ask something of you!” and
as he skated close up to her, he slipped his arm into hers, and so
bore her on even more rapidly than before. There was joy for both of
them at that moment in the mere fact of living. The sun shone
brightly on the glistening snow, which covered alike the hills and
plains, weighing down the branches of the forest trees; but to William
Parkmann Marie’s eyes shone brighter than the rays of the sun, and
her voice was very sweet, though somewhat serious, as she
answered,—
“When the war is over, William Parkmann—not till then—must you
ask or I answer you aught.”
“Let it be so,” he replied; and they skated on in happy silence,
dreams of a bright future dancing before their eyes. They were so
young—
“Hope at the helm
And pleasure at the prow”—

they could not realise the possibility of a great disaster coming upon
them; but their elders both could and did.
The head members of the settlement met every evening, and took
counsel for the general safety. To these meetings Howe was readily
admitted; they were generally held in the great kitchen of Omega
Marsh, and Father Nathaniel presided. He knew the ways of the
Indians as well as his son, and patrols were organised, and
everything done to prevent a sudden surprise of the enemy. He and
John Cleveland and Marcus took the command of the home brigade,
as they called it, which consisted chiefly of youths, and of men past
their prime; all the really able-bodied men were enrolled in Roger’s
corps of Rangers, and were liable at any moment to be called into
action.
When the meeting dispersed, Father Nat and Brigadier Howe
would open the latchet gate which separated the two homesteads,
and go over to Alpha Marsh and sit with Martha and Loïs, who were
always busy making and mending for the two households. Howe
watched Loïs as she went and came day after day, caring for
everybody, the young and the old, without apparently one selfish
thought; and he felt inclined to be angry with Roger for visiting upon
this inoffensive, brave-hearted woman the sorrow which had entered
into his own soul. She did not resent his conduct; to all outward
appearance she was indifferent to his comings or his goings, doing
her daily work methodically, interested in every one and in
everything, from a sick baby in the village to the last bit of news from
Quebec or from the New England States.
But news did not travel quickly in those days or in those parts, and
the winter was far advanced when they first heard of the taking of
Fort William Henry by the French. Some scouts of Roger’s arrived
one night, with an account of the frightful massacre by the Indians
which had followed the surrender of the fort. Montcalm and the
French officers had been powerless to restrain them. The English
officer, Colonel Monro, who was in command of the fort, held out as
long as there was any hope of relief; but when General Webb from
Fort Edward failed to come to his assistance, and he found himself
on all sides surrounded by a French army commanded by Montcalm
in person, hoping to avoid unnecessary bloodshed, he hoisted the
white flag.
Montcalm thereupon summoned the Indian chiefs, and explained
to them the honourable terms of capitulation which he had agreed to,
requesting their adhesion to the same. They gave their consent,
promising to restrain their men; but no sooner had the garrison
evacuated the fort than the Indians, drunk with rum, rushed in a
surging rabble, which, even if the French guards had exerted
themselves to their utmost—which they did not, owing either to fear
of the Indians or indifference—it would have been impossible to
restrain. A terrible scene of murder and rapine ensued. Montcalm
tried to restore tranquillity, and by evening some sort of order reigned
in the terrified fortress, and the Canadians, under their general, De la
Corne, agreed to conduct the English the following morning to Fort
Edward. But a panic came over the unfortunate inhabitants, and in
their terror they started without waiting for the escort. Instantly the
Indians rushed down upon them, and an indescribable scene of
plunder followed. The savages carried off upwards of two hundred
prisoners, men and women, tomahawking and scalping hundreds
more, before the very eyes of De la Corne and his Canadians.
Montcalm, Levis, and the French officers rushed down into the
midst of the fight, and, throwing themselves upon the English,
positively tore them out of the hands of the Indians.
“Kill me, but spare the English, who are under my protection!”
shouted Montcalm, snatching a young officer away from a savage
who had just seized him, and covering him with his own body.
Montcalm has been severely blamed for not ordering up the
regular French army to save the English; but being very inferior in
number to the Indians and Canadians, doubtless he considered that
if he turned his arms against his allies, the massacre would be even
more sanguinary.
This is partly proved by the fact that the column of the English
army offered no resistance: true, they had no ammunition; only a few
of the colonial troops had bayonets. Had they shown fight they would
probably all have been massacred; as it was, they were carried off
alive by the savages, and later Montcalm was able to recover five or
six hundred. Some of the fugitives found their way back to the fort;
and all these were sent by Montcalm under a strong escort to Fort
Edward. The remnant of the column dispersed into the woods, and
found their way, after many days and great perils, to Fort Edward.
“I am dishonoured,” said Montcalm that night, pacing up and down
his tent, brushing away the tears from his eyes. “The sights I have
seen, the sounds I have heard this day, will haunt me all my life
long!” Nothing Chevalier Levis or his other officers could say
consoled him. He refused to see De la Corne or any of the Canadian
officers; only once he exclaimed, “If Charles Langlade had been
here, this dishonour would not have fallen upon me!”
Such was the news which reached Marshwood.
 CHAPTER XIII
BRAVELY DONE
“I must leave at once,” said Lord Howe, “and make my way as
best I can to Louisburg. Loudon has failed in his attack on that place;
but I am certain it will be renewed without delay—therefore I will go
there.”
“I will take you; it is impossible for you to attempt the journey
without a proper escort; besides, we must push forward in the same
direction,” said Roger. “The Indians have tasted blood; we shall have
them swarming by thousands all over the land.”
“I expect we shall,” said Howe. “When will you be ready to start?”
“We are always ready,” answered Roger sternly; “make your own
preparations, and by dawn to-morrow we will be on our way;” and
having so spoken he left the house, and was not seen again till
suppertime.
Soon the whole settlement was astir. The indignation of the
colonists was unbounded, and they swore to be revenged. Before
nightfall upwards of three hundred men had taken to the woods, and
scouts had been sent out in every direction to call the Rangers
together. Every precaution was taken to ensure the safety of the
settlement. Knowing they were watched, instead of going into the
woods by twenties, or even by tens, they went forth by twos and
threes, giving each other a wide berth; but each man was acquainted
with the ultimate place of meeting; besides, though apparently
dispersing, they were within rallying distance of each other, and
knew the signal agreed upon.
There was quiet weeping that night in many households. Marcus
had entreated to accompany Roger, but Martha interfered. “Not
brother against brother,” she said, clinging to him, with tears running
down her face.
“Stay, Marcus, my friend,” Lord Howe had said. “It may be that you
will be needed here more than you think for; it is not well to leave
Father Nat alone without a lieutenant;” and so Marcus remained.
“I shall come back, Marie; don’t cry so, dear,” said William
Parkmann, ready to cry himself at sight of her grief. “As soon as the
war is over John Cleveland shall marry us, and, darling, I’ll take you
right down to my father’s house in Boston; and you shall never set
eyes on these ugly savages again if I can help it.” And stooping, he
kissed the pretty, fair face of his little sweetheart, as they stood
together for the last time under the great oak tree at the back of
Alpha Marsh.
Ah, when would those two meet again, and how? Well might they
linger side by side, the wings of their young love drooping sadly as
they gazed through the bare branches of the great tree up to the
starry heavens. He led her back into the house, and they parted at
the foot of the staircase, he standing below watching her, as slowly,
with bowed head, she crawled up and up out of his sight; then with a
sigh he turned away.
“Now I must be a man!” he said, and entered the kitchen, where
his chief, Brigadier Howe, and his companions, with Nathaniel,
Roger, and others, were in council.

“Roger!”
It was still pitch dark, at that hour between night and morning
when the light of the moon and stars is dimmed and yet the sun has
not risen. Roger had opened the back door, and was passing out to
go down to the village, having forgotten the night before to order
three canoes to be in readiness in case of need. He started when he
heard himself called. How long had Loïs been waiting there for him?
and how could she know he would come out?
“What is it you want?” he asked, in a low, hard voice.
“Roger, I have been warned; you and your party are watched. The
danger is great; do not go forth.”
He laughed. “What nonsense, Loïs! Brigadier Howe must go, and
I must accompany him; he is my guest. Tell your informant he must
have forgotten the laws of honour, or he would not have sent me that
message.”
A sigh escaped Loïs.
 “Anything more?” he asked roughly; “if not, let me pass.”
“Roger, won’t you say good-bye, maybe for the last time? He was
not there; he did not do those cruel deeds. Oh, will you never
forgive?”
“Never,” he answered, and passed on.
The first dawn of day found them all assembled in Father Nat’s
kitchen, partaking of their last meal. It was soon over, and then a
quick farewell, a silent pressure of hand in hand, and the travellers
crossed that hospitable threshold, many of them never to return
again.
“God speed you. His blessing be with you all!” said Father Nat,
standing in the porch; and so they went forth. As Lord Howe passed
Loïs he took her hand, and said gently,—
“Be of good courage; you will win him yet.”
Her face was very white, with a strained, weary look about the soft
blue eyes. A short sigh, almost like a gasp of pain, escaped her.
“Thank you,” she said.
When the last of the troop had disappeared into the wood, the
women returned to their work with quiet, animal-like patience, and
Nathaniel and Marcus went into the village with John Cleveland to
see that their orders for the proper protection of the settlement had
been carried out.
Striking straight across the woods, Roger and his followers walked
rapidly, but with great care, for some miles without speaking. Their
object was to escape the redskins; and to do this they must needs
mislead them—a most difficult task. To conceal their track they
walked as lightly as possible, avoiding even brushing against a tree,
lest its bark should betray them; winding in and out, taking a
circuitous road, and practising many other devices. They did not
dare to stop and rest even after several hours’ tramp, because if they
had lain down their bodies would necessarily have left marks on the
ground; so they went forward till nightfall, when they found
themselves on a high open plain, where it would have been
impossible for an enemy to take them unawares. Here they rested,
not venturing even to light a fire, but eating a portion of the dried
meat, with which each man had been supplied; and then, wrapped in
their bearskins and blankets, they slept. The following morning they
started off again, and at midday were joined by a party of their own
men, who reported that the Indians were swarming in the woods,
and were only kept at bay by the knowledge that Roger’s Rangers
were abroad.
“We shall have to take to the river,” said Roger; “the banks are
thickly wooded down to the very edge. We have scouts on either
bank: if the red men see us, which they are sure to do, they will not
dare attack us.”
The following day three canoes were launched, into which Roger,
Howe and his companions, with two or three of the scouts, entered,
and the remainder of the corps dispersed. Noiselessly and rapidly
the canoes were paddled forward, for some time without their
perceiving any sign betokening the presence of the Indians. Before
long they entered the vast solitudes of the forests; a solemn silence
reigned over all, broken only by the sound of the beaver or the otter
as it plunged into the water, or the cries of the birds as they flew from
tree-top to tree-top.
After the second day’s journey the river gradually narrowed, and
the roots of the trees which grew down close to the water’s edge
resembled the twisted bodies of huge serpents. Lord Howe was lying
at the bottom of the foremost canoe, whilst Roger at the head kept a
vigilant look out. Suddenly Howe saw him stoop over the edge,
plunge his hand into the water, and draw something forth, uttering a
low exclamation of surprise.
“What is it?” said Howe, lifting himself up.
Roger did not answer immediately; his eyes were straining into
the depths of the forest; then he raised his head and looked up to the
summits of the trees, upon the upper branches of which the sun cast
its golden light.
“See what I have found,” he said, bending forward and showing
Howe a thong in red leather similar to what the Indians use for
fastening on their mocassins. “They are in front of us,” he said, with
an almost imperceptible movement of his head towards the forest.
And now, as they watched, a curious thing occurred. A couple of
hundred yards in advance of them the river was filled in by pointed
rocks, over which the water rushed with foaming rapidity; only on
one side was a narrow passage, leaving room for one or two canoes
to pass through abreast. Suddenly they heard a loud cracking, and
saw a tree slowly bend and then fall right across this passage, the
upper branches resting on the pointed rocks.
“We have been betrayed,” said Roger between his teeth. “Lie
down, sir,” he said to Howe; “they will open fire upon us.” At the
same time he signed to the rowers in his boat to stop paddling, and
thus to allow the two other canoes to draw up on either side of his.
“Lie down, all of you,” he said; “and now paddle slowly.” At that
moment a troop of Indians, with arms shining in the sunlight and with
savage cries, dashed down the river bank, launched their canoes,
and directed them towards the three which were floating almost
motionless on the waters.
Lost! Assuredly they were lost!
They were all brave men, and had looked death many a time
before in the face; but, nevertheless, at this supreme moment the
horror of a defenceless death overwhelmed them all.
“Land us, and let us at least fight it out,” said Howe. But Roger
made no answer; he understood the tactics of his enemies. Having
barred the passage, there was nothing left for them to do but to
surround and massacre the occupants of the three canoes. They did
not even shoot at them, so certain were they of their prey. The Indian
canoes now advanced in a semicircle, widening out, somewhat
slowly, because their boats were heavily laden. Each man had his
hatchet in his hand and his knife between his teeth, ready to slay or
to scalp his victims. By degrees the Indians approached so close
upon the three canoes that a few yards alone lay between them and
their prey; they uttered a hideous cry of victory, which was re-echoed
in the woods.
“Row for your lives!” said Roger suddenly. “If we reach the tree
before the Indians we are saved!”
Instant obedience followed his command, though to all
appearance they were going to their destruction; the frail barks must
necessarily be dashed to pieces against the huge trunk of the tree
barring their way. Calm and immovable, his eyes fixed upon the
Indian canoes gradually coming nearer and nearer, Roger stood
ready, as it seemed, to throw himself into the river. Indians lined the
banks, but they dared not shoot, for fear of injuring their own people.
It was only a question of seconds; their enemies must inevitably be
dashed to pieces, and then they would swim across the stream and
be in at the death. Two of the Indian canoes in their haste knocked
against each other; there was a moment’s check. The English were
within six feet of the fatal tree. In a second it would be over. Every
man held his breath and uttered a last prayer to God for mercy. In
that second Roger had disappeared. And then slowly but surely the
tree was lifted as by a lever, and the three canoes, driven by the
current and by the quick impulse of the rowers, passed underneath.
The Indians were close behind; but as suddenly as it had been lifted
so suddenly it fell again, crushing beneath its weight the warriors and
their overladen barks.
Terrible cries arose from the woods and from the surging waters.
The evil spirits had interfered; it was a supernatural intervention.
Superstitious terror seized the Indians, and those on land fled into
the interior of the forest. The thickness of the foliage had prevented
their seeing Roger clamber up the highest rock and raise the tree on
to his broad shoulders, holding it there just long enough to let his
friends pass underneath.
In the almost unconscious excitement which followed, the rowers
had continued their course with marvellous rapidity, forgetful of the
one who had saved them, until Howe, rising, held up his hand and
bade them cease rowing.
“We must wait for Roger,” he said, and his voice was tremulous
with suppressed emotion. A few minutes later they saw him
swimming towards them; every hand was stretched out to seize his
as he hoisted himself into the canoe.
“I’ve cheated those devils once more,” he said, in his rich, deep
voice.
“It is marvellous,” answered Lord Howe. “With God’s help you
have saved us from an awful death, Roger.”
“A mere question of time and strength,” he answered carelessly.
“We must keep to the river now for a few miles, then land and take to
the woods. I don’t think we shall hear much more of the red
gentlemen for the present; they’ve had a fright,” and he laughed. His
shirt was torn to pieces, and his shoulders were bruised and
bleeding; but his companions thought they had never seen a grander
man than Roger the Ranger!
 CHAPTER XIV
SILENT INFLUENCE
From the first General Montcalm’s position was one of great
difficulty. All the Canadian officials were opposed to him. Their
conduct was so dubious, and would bear so little looking into, that
they feared his clear-sightedness and uprightness. Vaudreuil, the
governor, was jealous of him, and it was not long before the General
was made to feel this. False reports concerning him were sent to the
court of France; any advantages he gained over the enemy
Vaudreuil attributed to himself and the civil government.
“My real crime,” Montcalm wrote to his wife, “is to have more
prestige than Vaudreuil, and, above all things, more virtue than he
has. I much fear time will only increase his dislike of me.”
Montcalm’s popularity with the colonists and with the Indians was
another cause for Vaudreuil’s displeasure. The General was
incapable of dissimulation, and as he had received full military
power, he was naturally impatient of interference, and showed it. His
second officer, Chevalier Levis, was far more popular: he ingratiated
himself with all the government men—Vaudreuil, Bigot, Varin, etc. He
knew exactly what they were worth; but, as he observed to Montcalm
more than once, “We shall not make them better by opposition; all
we have to do is to make use of them.” He also did what Montcalm
failed to do, courted the good graces of the ladies. When in the camp
and field, there was not a better officer, and his devotion to his
general knew no bounds; he stood between him and his enemies,
trying to conciliate all parties; but when off duty he threw himself into
the gaieties both of Quebec and Montreal, attending the balls and
picnics, always gracious and gallant, and therefore an immense
favourite with the fair sex.
Montcalm, on the contrary, held himself aloof from all such
dissipations. Notwithstanding his buoyant nature, the opposition he
met with, and the difficulties which seemed to crowd ever thicker and
thicker around him, weighed upon his spirits, and at times caused
deep depression. He seemed to have a presentiment that his
mission would prove a failure.
“Ah, when shall I see my dear Candiac again, my avenue of
chestnut trees, and you, my dearest?” he wrote in one of his letters
to his wife.
Contrary to what might have been expected, Mercèdes settled
down to her new life under Madame Péan’s roof easily and happily.
Certain characters have a strange admixture of good and evil in
them. Madame Péan had been early spoilt by adulation; she lived
entirely for the world and society. Her husband was in receipt of
immense sums of money, through the influence of his commercial
partners, Bigot and Varin. His fortune was estimated at three to four
millions. His wife, therefore, could satisfy her passion for luxury,
dress and dissipation. When she proposed taking Mercèdes into her
house, during the General’s first campaign, it had, as we know, been
to get a hold over Montcalm; but when she saw the little dark-eyed
girl, with the impetuosity of an undisciplined nature she was taken
with a sudden fondness for her, which day by day grew more
intense. Had Mercèdes been beautiful, jealousy and rivalry might
have arisen between them; but with this simple, nun-like maiden it
was impossible. Her presence in the house gradually became a
necessity to Madame.
“We are supposed, all of us, to have our guardian angels,” she
said to Mercèdes one day, “and I think you must be mine. I believe I
am a better, and I am quite sure I am a happier woman, since I have
had you beside me.”
The suite of rooms at the top of the house which she had destined
for Mercèdes were plain, almost comfortless, when the latter was
first introduced to them; but before long it was converted into a
perfect nest of comfort and luxury.
“I don’t want all this, you know; I shall only have a cold bare cell
when I am a nun. You are spoiling me,” said Mercèdes.
“It is my pleasure; indeed, my happiness,” answered Madame.
“Sacrifice yourself to me, Mercèdes, my child. I have been spoilt and
adored ever since I can remember, but I have never cared for
anything before. Let me spoil you; it is a novel pastime.” And so it
came to pass that when the General returned to Quebec he found
Mercèdes settled; and at the first word he uttered about her leaving,
and going to the Ursulines, Madame exclaimed,—
“You cannot take her away from me; she is my guardian angel.
She is of more use to me than she would be in the convent; there
she could only pray, here she is a living example. When I see her
little figure going morning and evening across the road to the
Ursuline Chapel, I feel as if a saint had entered my house and
sanctified it. You need not fear, Monsieur; nothing evil shall approach
her, either by word or sight. She is my almoner. Somehow she
seems to find out the poor and sick; they come to her, and she and
Marthe are now familiar figures in the back streets and poor quarters
of Quebec. ‘The little nun, the good General’s daughter,’ she is
called. What would you have more? Let her do her work: it is a
blessed work. She never appears at my grand receptions. She
knows nothing of our world; but when I am weary I go up to her, and
it is as if I breathed a new life. I am better for it. Leave her under my
roof, General; she is in the world, but not of it.”
Still the General hesitated. He knew now that much that went on
at Madame Péan’s was contrary to his ideas, and in direct opposition
to his and his wife’s code of morals; but the Chevalier Levis added
his persuasions to Madame’s.
“You will give mortal offence if you remove her,” he said; “and
surely you have enemies enough already. It is quite true what
Madame says: Mademoiselle Mercèdes lives a life utterly apart from
hers. She is never seen in the salons of the Intendance, and only
appears when it is a quiet home party. You can judge for yourself.”
And the General did so. His happiest moments during his short
stay in Quebec were spent in Mercèdes’ rooms, the windows of
which looked upon the convent gardens, where the silent nuns were
pacing up and down the paths, turning their backs, with their heavy
sable coiffures sweeping their black robes, and anon their still, mask-
like faces, set in that stiff framework of white linen, towards these
windows; and he felt almost relieved to keep his Mercèdes a little
longer a free agent; she looked so happy and so well, as she stood
beside him in the little greenery which Madame Péan had created for
her of house plants, tall geraniums, an over-arching ivy, and delicate
roses.
“You are content to remain here, Mercèdes?” he asked.
“Only too content,” she answered. “I try always to remember it is
but for a time, and because she wants me; and I look across the
road and know that my true home is there.”
“And you have no regrets for the world you will leave behind,
Mercèdes?” he asked.
She turned her head slightly on one side, so that the General
could not see the colour which mantled her face.
“I think not,” she answered quietly. “Why should I?”
And so, when the General left her for the winter campaign, it was
an understood thing that for the present at least she was to remain
with Madame Péan. Events followed so rapidly—defeats, victories,
hair-breadth escapes—that, feeling she was in safe keeping, the
General had no time to be even anxious about Mercèdes; and so
she led a strange though by no means an unhappy life in that upper
story. Both her and Marthe’s time was spent working and fashioning
clothes for the poor; for, alas! only too quickly the poverty and
distress grew to be severe. Bread rose to an exorbitant price; meat
there was none save horseflesh. At least, so Mercèdes saw and
heard in her visits among the poor; but at Madame Péan’s table
there was every luxury both in and out of season. She remarked
upon this more than once, and was told she must not be too
credulous, the poor were so improvident! At Montreal everything was
at famine price, and the public indignation was so great against the
government that the populace mobbed the Governor, the troops
joining in the mutiny, and it was with difficulty that Chevalier Levis, by
his authority and tact, succeeded in quelling the rebellion.
Occasionally, at rare intervals, Mercèdes and Charles Langlade
met. Often months elapsed between these interviews; then suddenly
at the corner of a street, or maybe as she rose from her knees after
service in the cathedral, Mercèdes would become aware of the
Canadian hunter’s presence. He would salute her, enquire after her
well-being, and walk with her and Marthe part of the homeward way;
but at the door they parted.
 One day, as Charles Langlade was still standing cap in hand
looking after Mercèdes’ retreating figure, Madame Péan’s coach
drove up. A light came into her eyes, and she hastened to descend.
“At last,” she murmured, and going quickly up to the young officer,
she said,—
“Monsieur Langlade, why are you such a stranger? Major Péan
was speaking only yesterday of your services, how inestimable they
are. Will you not come in and partake of supper? We happen to be
almost alone to-night, and our little nun will then come out of her
shell. You and she are great friends, if I mistake not.”
“You honour me too much, Madame,” answered Charles. “I am but
a poor hunter, a chief among savages. I can scarcely venture to call
myself the friend of my illustrious General’s daughter. When, as now,
I have been with her father, if I happen to meet her, I give her news
of him—that is all.”
Madame looked at him steadily for a minute, then said, “But you
will come in to supper?” He shook his head, bowed low, and was
gone. And Mercèdes from her window, looking down, watched the
tall figure as it strode up the street, and at last disappeared. These
interviews made her feel strangely bright and happy, and she
gradually grew to look forward to them. She knew that he was her
father’s right hand, that, so to speak, he kept guard upon all the
country for many miles round Quebec down the St. Lawrence. The
General himself had told her that, out of his own army, there was no
one he trusted like Charles Langlade and the tribe he commanded.
Events were crowding upon each other; and the General knew full
well that unless France came to his assistance, England must gain
the mastery. Pitt was determined to win and to carry on the
colonisation of the continent under the auspices of Protestantism,
rather than allow France leagued with the Roman Catholics to gain
the ascendency. His policy was popular; he invited the colonies to
co-operate willingly, and entirely rejected the coercive policy of his
predecessors. He was eminently successful; and whilst Montcalm
wrote in 1758, “New France needs peace, or sooner or later it must
fall—such are the numbers of the English, such the difficulty of our
receiving supplies,” the colonies were making immense sacrifices to
levy, pay, and clothe the provincial army.
 Massachusetts set a noble example; she was the frontier and
advance-guard of all the colonies against the enemy.
Notwithstanding the extreme poverty of her population, which lived
mainly by fishing, farming, and a trade hampered by the British
navigation laws, she still imposed taxes to the amount of thirteen
shillings in the pound, and there was no murmuring. The war
gradually assumed almost the character of a crusade, and was
viewed with religious enthusiasm. All sects for the time being sank
their differences, and the chaplains exhorted their congregations to
unite together, themselves setting the example of good fellowship.
“Be courageous, for no cowards go to heaven,” said Dr. Caleb
Rea, chaplain of a Massachusetts regiment, in his last sermon to a
young band of volunteers; and they went forth, like the Puritans of
old, singing hymns and psalms.
The Canadian population were not less desirous of supporting
Montcalm and maintaining their independence; but they had two
parties to contend with, the civil and military government, between
whom there was no union. Besides which, vice, luxury, and an
exorbitant love of gain were rampant among those who ought to
have set the example of moderation and self-sacrifice; and thus their
resources were undermined. In vain Montcalm applied to the mother
country for help, despatching Bougainville to represent the state of
affairs to the Court at Versailles; but the sins which were to cause
the loss of Canada were in full force there; and to Bougainville’s
earnest pleading he received for answer, “Eh, Monsieur, when the
house is on fire, one cannot occupy one’s self with the stable.”
And so the French officer returned sadly to Canada and gave this
message. Montcalm recognised that from henceforth he was
forsaken by the Court, and could reckon only upon God’s mercy and
his own genius and courage.
“Poor king, poor France, cara patria,” was his only answer; and he
prepared for what he knew to be an almost hopeless struggle.
 CHAPTER XV
LOST
When Roger had conducted Lord Howe to within a comparatively
safe distance of his destination, he left him to pursue his journey in
company with another party of scouts, who were going in that
direction, whereas Roger was anxious to gain the mountains on the
western shore of Lake Champlain, where he foresaw a struggle
would shortly take place.
“We shall meet probably at Ticonderoga, or thereabouts,” said
Howe, as he wrung Roger’s hand at parting.
He left the three young officers, Philips, Pringle, and Roche, with
Roger, to complete their apprenticeship, he said; but William
Parkmann accompanied Howe. The young man’s devotion to his
general was such that he was never happy away from him. And truly
Howe was a man worthy of the affection which he won at every
stage of his short career. A very Spartan in private and public life, a
Christian in word and deed, a character of ancient times, and a
model of military virtue: such was he. Of him, Wolfe, his great
contemporary, said, “He is the noblest gentleman who has appeared
in my time, and the best soldier in the British army.”
Regretfully Roger saw Howe depart. They had lived together for
many months, and each appreciated the other. Howe grieved for the
sorrow and the bitterness which had come into the young hunter’s
life; but he hoped and believed time would soften the rebellious
temper which made him visit so unjustly Charles Langlade’s offence
upon innocent heads. “If you go back to Marshwood, remember me
at both Alpha and Omega,” he said at parting; and so each went his
way.
The news of Roger’s last deed of prowess had spread rapidly. The
Indians attributed it to the power of the spirits, but the Canadians
knew better. When Charles Langlade heard the story, a feeling of
pride filled his heart, almost of regret that he had not been with him
—his friend, his brother; but Roger and his Rangers had now
assumed such importance that they were looked upon as
representing a greater danger than the regular forces.
Understanding Indian warfare, with a perfect knowledge of the
whole country, led by a fearless leader, if they were not kept in check
or crushed the results would certainly be of such a nature as to
threaten the free action of the French and Canadian armies. It was
therefore decided in a council of war that an expedition of Indians
and Canadians should be sent to meet the Rangers, and, if possible,
stop their progress. Charles Langlade saw the necessity and justice
of the step, but naturally he was loth to take part in it, and would
gladly have remained in the neighbourhood of Quebec; but his
knowledge of the country where the New England Rangers were
likely at the present moment to be was a reason for his being called
to command the expedition sent against them. In all honour he could
not hold back; he had cast in his lot with France, and he must needs
stand steadfast to the bitter end.
This war resembled in many ways a civil war—of all afflictions
which can visit a country the most terrible! Father against son,
brother against brother, the crushing beneath one’s feet of every
domestic tie—a moral agony from first to last. Rome and Alba, the
Horatii and Curiatii, the Wars of the Roses and the great English civil
war of the seventeenth century, stand out in the history of the world
as times of sore distress and anguish. Blood flowed freely. Some of
the best and noblest in the land were laid low; but who reckons the
women’s tears of blood, the agony of those hearts torn with divided
affections? Fathers and husbands, brothers and lovers, drawing their
swords against each other—truly it needed an Amazonian nature to
love a country which demanded such sacrifices. The great French
poet Corneille understood the natural weakness of a woman’s heart
when he pictured Camille, the sister of Horace, kneeling over her
dead lover’s body, cursing Rome and the arm that had laid him low.
So let us ever pray for peace at home and abroad, the peace which
reigned on earth when the Saviour was born, and which we believe
He will bring with Him at His second coming.
It was with a heavy heart that Charles Langlade, true to his sense
of duty, took the command of the Indian and Canadian contingent,
and set out to meet the Rangers, passing up the valley of Trout
Brook, a mountain gorge that opens upon the valley of Ticonderoga.
After leaving Howe, Roger had rejoined his men at the west point
of the mountain known as “Roger’s Rock,” thus named from an
exploit in which he had outwitted the Indians and saved his own and
comrades’ lives when still a mere youth. The rough and rocky ground
was still partially covered with snow, and all around stood the grey
trunks of the forest trees, bearing aloft their skeleton arms, a tangled
intricacy of leafless twigs.
Here Roger encamped, knowing full well that the Indians were in
the neighbourhood; but the spot had natural advantages. Close on
the right was a steep hill, and at a little distance on the left a brook
still partially covered with snow and ice. He sent scouts out into the
woods, and several skirmishes took place; but he did not believe that
at this point the Indians were in any considerable force. He therefore
determined to rid himself of these enemies by pushing them farther
back, and, being informed through his scouts of the arrival of a
reinforcement from one of the Iroquois tribes, he judged it would be
best to attack them at once.
Desiring Lieutenant Philips to remain in the rear, he himself
advanced through a mountain pass, at the farther extremity of which
a party of Indians were encamped. He took them by surprise, and
after a short but desperate skirmish they fled before him. Determined
to drive them farther off, he pursued them, when suddenly with a
loud war-whoop they turned upon him, and from the surrounding
forest Indians came pouring down on him and his company. Philips
hurried to the rescue; but the little force was overwhelmed by
numbers, and eight officers, beside a hundred Rangers, lay dead in
the snow.
The young lieutenants Pringle and Roche fought beside Roger.
“There is nothing left but for you to escape into the mountains,” he
said at last. “Make your way through the forest to Fort Edward. Do
you see there to the left a narrow pass? Escape whilst you can; in
five minutes it will be too late. I am responsible for your lives.”
“Where you go, we go,” said Pringle.
 They were crouching with some twenty men behind a clump of
trees firing upon the savages, but their ammunition was running
short. Philips in his turn was being overwhelmed. From every part of
the forest the redskins came pouring down.
“It is of no use; we must run for it,” said Roger. “Load once more,
and when I say ‘fire’ give it them all together; then up the pass and
into the mountains: it is our only chance.”
He was obeyed. They poured a volley of shot into the ranks of the
savages, who fell back for a second; and before they had recovered
themselves or the smoke had cleared away, Roger and a score of
his companions were in full flight. To keep together was impossible;
the Indians harassed them on every side. They scaled mountains,
forded streams, and at last, by nightfall, Roger, with a handful of
followers, had out-distanced his pursuers and lay hidden in a cave;
but, to his distress, Pringle, Roche, and his own faithful servant,
William Smith, were missing.
They had no food, and lay all night on the bare ground. When day
dawned they crept out, only to find traces of the enemy all around.
Still it was impossible to remain in the cave.
“Listen,” said Roger, “there is only one way of escape. Once, as
you all know, when a mere lad I scaled yonder mountain. On the
opposite side there is a precipice; it is perpendicular, and the
chances are ten to one of breaking your neck in the descent. I prefer
that to being tomahawked. I advise no one to follow me. The Indians,
who are on the watch, will be sure to see me, and that will make a
diversion in your favour. If I succeed, once on the other side, I shall
have little difficulty in reaching Fort Edward. My presence amongst
you rather adds to than takes from the danger of your position. They
know I am here, and Roger’s scalp is, it seems, worth having. We
will go forth together, and make a run for it, till we come to the foot of
Roger’s Mountain; then I will turn off and begin the ascent. The
Indians are sure to follow me. Let them. I think I know a dodge or two
to keep them at bay. You, in the meantime, take to the woods. If you
get well in and across to the other side you may escape, but as long
as I am with you your chances are small; they are after me, and will
not lose my track. Are you all agreed?”