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co

1. Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold
to help you locate them while answering some of these.

The growing protests against the ban on the bull-taming sport of Jallikattu in Tamil Nadu shed light on yet another
case of misplaced animal rights and judicial activism. In 2014, the Supreme Court had banned Jallikattu on the
ground that bulls could not be allowed as performing animals. However, Jallikattu is an age-old tradition in Tamil
Nadu and continues to enjoy significant popularity. It is intrinsically linked to the rural-agrarian economy of the state
where only the best bulls from indigenous species are reared for Jallikattu.

While NGOs and animal rights activists have asserted that bulls are ‘tortured’ in Jallikattu and have drawn
comparisons with Spanish bull-fighting, this is far from reality. In fact, Jallikattu is an event where the best bulls are
displayed and the ones that win are sought for breeding by farmers. Thus, there’s no question of harming the bulls as
they serve an important economic and cultural function. In that sense, Jallikattu plays a significant part in preserving
and propagating native cattle breeds in Tamil Nadu.

The argument that engaging the bulls in sport itself is cruelty doesn’t cut ice either. Agriculture in Tamil Nadu is
getting mechanised and farmers cannot afford to keep bulls simply as pets. Would animal rights activists prefer that
the bulls be sold and slaughtered for meat? Besides, the Jallikattu ban is hardly enforceable as benign cultural
practices enjoying widespread support can’t be curbed through fiat. In fact, the issue has seen Tamil Nadu’s rival
political parties – AIADMK and DMK – both oppose the ban. Chief Minister O Panneerselvam has met Prime
Minister Narendra Modi to push for an ordinance to allow Jallikattu. However, the PM’s office has merely observed
that the matter is sub judice as the Supreme Court is currently seized of petitions challenging the Centre’s year-old
notification allowing Jallikattu.

If BJP wishes to make political inroads in Tamil Nadu it makes sense for the national ruling party to explore the
ordinance route on Jallikattu, or alternatively to bring an amendment to the original prevention of animal cruelty
legislation in the upcoming parliamentary session to allow Jallikattu. As far as the Supreme Court is concerned, it
must stick to its remit of narrowly interpreting the law. Judicial activism should not morph into social engineering
projects. On Jallikattu, it would suffice if the apex court regulates the sport rather than prescribe a wholesale ban.

What can be definitely inferred from the passage given above?

A. Animals can be bound by rules and reason the way B. Animals like humans are driven by instinct of self-
human participants are. preservation and anxiety.
C. Jallikattu is congenital to the cultivated lands of Tamil D. The big question that arises that the sport involves
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Nadu for many centuries. harming of the bulls used.

E. In context of Jallikattu, it is impossible to hold any
incident free event.
2. What is the tone of the author in the above passage?
A. Persuasive B. Critical
C. Neutral D. Supportive
E. Applauding
3. Which of the following is the MOST OPPOSITE in meaning to the given word?

Fiat
A. Decree B. Testament
C. Commandment D. Order
E. Injunction
4. Who would ever guess from the _____________ expression on his face that just a moment ago he had been
exploding with anger?

Which word from the passage can be fit in the blank of the above sentence?
A. benign B. suffice
C. curbed D. taming
E. None of the above
5. What is the author’s opinion on continuance of Jallikattu?
A. Author recommends that Jallikattu should be banned B. Author recommends mandatory appropriate protective
gradually. gears for the partcipants .
C. Author prefers that the bulls be sold and slaughtered D. Author appeals to the government to bring an
for meat. amendment to disallow Jallikattu.
E. Author advocates that the Supreme Court should
regulate the sport rather than prescribing a wholesale ban.
6. Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold
to help you locate them while answering some of these.

Sir Percy Blakeney, as the chronicles of the time inform us, was in this year of grace 1792, still a year or two on the
right side of thirty. Tall, above the average, even for an Englishman, broad-shouldered and massively built, he would
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have been called unusually good-looking, but for a certain lazy expression in his deep-set blue eyes, and that
perpetual inane laugh which seemed to disfigure his strong, clearly-cut mouth.

It was nearly a year ago now that Sir Percy Blakeney, Bart., one of the richest men in England, leader of all the
fashions, and intimate friend of the Prince of Wales, had astonished fashionable society in London and Bath by
bringing home, from one of his journeys abroad, a beautiful, fascinating, clever, French wife. He, the sleepiest,
dullest, most British Britisher that had ever set a pretty woman yawning, had secured a brilliant matrimonial prize for
which, as all chroniclers aver, there had been many competitors.

Marguerite St. Just had first made her DEBUT in artistic Parisian circles, at the very moment when the greatest social
upheaval the world has ever known was taking place within its very walls. Scarcely eighteen, lavishly gifted with
beauty and talent, chaperoned only by a young and devoted brother, she had soon gathered round her, in her
charming apartment in the Rue Richelieu, a coterie which was as brilliant as it was exclusive—exclusive, that is to
say, only from one point of view. Marguerite St. Just was from principle and by conviction a republican—equality of
birth was her motto—inequality of fortune was in her eyes a mere untoward accident, but the only inequality she
admitted was that of talent. ‘Money and titles may be hereditary,’ she would say, ‘but brains are not,’ and thus her
charming salon was reserved for originality and intellect, for brilliance and wit, for clever men and talented women,
and the entrance into it was soon looked upon in the world of intellect—which even in those days and in those
troublous times found its pivot in Paris—as the seal to an artistic career.

Clever men, distinguished men, and even men of exalted station formed a perpetual and brilliant court round the
fascinating young actress of the Comedie Francaise, and she glided through republican, revolutionary, bloodthirsty
Paris like a shining comet with a trail behind her of all that was most distinguished, most interesting, in intellectual
Europe.

Source: The Scarlet Pimpernel by Baroness Orczy

What "matrimonial prize" had Sir Percy Blakeney secured from one of his journeys abroad?

I. A French wife

II. An artist from Paris called Marguerite St. Just

III. A young and beautiful republican

A. Only I B. Only II
C. Both I and II D. Only III
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E. All I, II & III

7. Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with?
A. Even though Sir Percy Blakeney had quite pleasing
B. Marguerite St. Just was hypocrite when she decided to
physical traits, his nature made him unattractive and
her make her coterie exclusive only to the intellectuals.
uninteresting.
C. The high society believed that Marguerite St. Just
deserved a better partner than a boring person like Sir D. All of the above
Percy Blakeney.
E. None of the above.
8. Which of the following is NOT correct about the "the seal to an artistic career"?

I. It was open to everyone provide that they were talented and witty.

II. It refers to the coterie set up by Marguerite St. Just.

III. Hereditary titles and properties were of no value here.

A. Only I B. Only II
C. Both I and II D. All I, II & III
E. None of these
9. Why did the intellectual Europe trail behind the comet?
A. They wanted an escape from the greatest social
B. The comet attracted intellectuals from all classes, even
upheaval the world has ever known was taking place in
those who had left their titles behind.
Paris.
D. Those who followed the comet were declared as the
C. They believed that they are better suitor than Blakeney
most distinguished, most interesting intellectuals in
and hoped to win her hand in marriage.
Europe.
E. They wanted to get away form class hierarchy and
bloodthirst that it caused.
10. Why was the coterie exclusive "only from one point of view"?
A. The coterie had set the qualities of the individual as B. The coterie would allow anyone to be a part of it
their identities, as well as their heritage. provide they followed Marguerite's ideologies.
D. The coterie provided a distraction from those troublous
C. The coterie admitted all but those who lacked intellect.
times found its pivot in Paris
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E. None of these.
11. Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold
to help you locate them while answering some of these.

Thousands of years ago, fallout from volcanic activity may have sounded a death knell for a centuries-old Egyptian
dynasty, according to a new study. In Ptolemaic Egypt (305 B.C. to 30 B.C.), the region's prosperity was linked to the
flood cycle of the Nile River, with regular flooding sustaining local agriculture. When floods failed, so did crops, and
social unrest shook the region. The new study proposes a link between historic volcanic activity and disruption of the
African monsoon rainfall during the summer. A drier monsoon season could have reduced Nile flooding, leading to
fewer crops and more food shortages and, ultimately, initiating a societal unravelling that led to the Ptolemaic
dynasty's eventual collapse, the study authors wrote.
When volcanoes erupt, they spew sulphur-rich gases in plumes that can extend into the stratosphere. These gases
then oxidize and form particles called sulphate aerosols that can dramatically impact weather patterns such as
monsoons, the study authors reported. "These aerosols are really effective at reflecting incoming sunlight back to
space," study co-author Francis Ludlow, a researcher with the Yale Climate and Energy Institute, told Live Science in
an email.
"Hence, less energy reaches the earth's surface, so we have cooling, and where we have cooling, we also have less
evaporation and less potential for rainfall," he said. Aerosols produced by a volcanic eruption in Iceland, for instance,
could thereby sap the heat driving the African monsoon, thus leading to less rain and reduced Nile flooding, Ludlow
explained.
Piecing together the events in ancient Egypt required delving into the geologic record for evidence of global volcanic
activity and comparing that activity to fluctuations in annual Nile flooding, recorded over centuries with structures
called nilometers. "It was already known that the Nile was dependent on the strength of the African monsoon each
summer, and that volcanism could alter the monsoons," Ludlow said. The nilometers confirmed that during years
when there were volcanic eruptions, the average Nile response was lower flood heights, the researchers found. Next,
they needed to see if this finding corresponded to social repercussions.
The scientists compared their data to extensive records from the Ptolemaic dynasty describing episodes of unrest —
which were previously unexplained — to see whether these incidents overlapped with volcanism and reduced
flooding, Ludlow said. Archives showed that, in the decade prior to the fall of the Ptolemaic dynasty — which ended
with Cleopatra's death in 30 B.C. — Egypt's prosperity had weakened notably, with repeated Nile flooding failure,
famine, plague, inflation, corruption, land abandonment and migration taking a heavy toll, Ludlow told Live Science
in an email. What did the crop growth in ancient Egypt depend upon?
A. On the sharing of water from the Blue Nile between B. The flood cycle of the Nile River as whenever the
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Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt. floods failed, the crops did too.
C. Social tensions as people grew hungry and desperate. D. The social and economic stresses.
E. The volcanic activity in nearby area.
12. What could have been the reason behind the collapse of Ptolemaic dynasty according to some authors?
A. Reduction in floods in the Nile which led to a drop in
B. Diminished supplies following the next big earthquake
crop production thus creating food shortages which
led to the collapse.
resulted in the collapse of the dynasty.
D. The tropical parts of the world were hit by parasitic
C. The volcanic eruption was the sole reason.
infection.
E. None of these
13. What factors are responsible for impacting weather patterns such as monsoons?
A. Rising temperatures and changes to precipitation may
B. A rise in carbon dioxide levels is the main cause.
result in affecting weather.
C. Sulphur-rich gases emitted by volcanic eruptions
D. A mosquito-borne parasitic infection called lymphatic
oxidise and form particles called sulphate aerosols that
filariasis is responsible.
impacts weather patterns.
E. An alarming rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria led to
it.
14. What did Ludlow explain about the cause of less rain and reduced Nile flooding?
A. Crushed volcanic rock with no organic material, make B. They found that the crops grown under elevated carbon
it nearly impossible for plant life to survive. dioxide levels had lower levels of protein, zinc and iron.
C. Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, D. The heat driving the African monsoon could be drained
rising temperatures and changes to precipitation. by Aerosols produced by volcanic eruptions.
E. Pests are responsible for 25 to 40 percent of all crop
loss.
15. What did the nilometers record about the flood in Ancient Egypt?
A. When there were volcanic eruptions, the average Nile B. They sent some antibiotic resistance back down the
response was lower flood heights. evolutionary pathway.
C. They enforced to stop using antibiotics in agriculture, D. They showed a devastating impact on agricultural
and also slowed down their antibiotics use in medicine. regions that are presently dependent on monsoons.
E. They provided data about volcanic eruptions that
aligned with notable social unravelling.
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16. Direction: Read the given passage carefully and answer the questions that follow. Certain words are printed in bold
to help you locate them while answering some of these.

Venu Chitale's was a life of prodigious work: she joined the BBC around the Battle of Britain, assisted George
Orwell, and spoke for India’s freedom movement. For South Asians living in Britain, 1939 was a torrid year. The war
was about to reach Britain’s shores, shipping was disrupted, and travel had become dangerous. Many South Asians
were scrambling in this tumult to get home to safety – but not Venu Dattatreya Chitale.

A student at Oxford in her late 20s, Chitale first volunteered for the local air raid precaution unit, warning citizens of
imminent bombings and helping them with subsequent rescue-and-aid missions. She then moved to London to work
with the BBC’s Indian Section, where she read news, presented other programmes and assisted the writer-broadcaster
George Orwell.

Her unique life is the subject of a chapter in scholar Vijaya Deo’s Marathi book Sakhe Soyare and of a Marathi video
produced by the BBC in 2017. Hers is the story of a woman who defied the times with her unconventional choices
and went on to become a spokesperson for India’s freedom movement.

Born in Shirole, Kolhapur, Chitale was the sixth of seven siblings. According to her daughter Nandini Apte, Chitale
lost her parents early, and her older siblings and other relatives helped bring up the younger children. There is some
confusion over the year of her birth – while records of her student years at Oxford and a journey back to India
available on ancestry.com state her birth year as 1910, a 1961 Sahitya Akademi publication on writers in India puts it
at 1912.

Chitale first studied at Huzurpaga, one of Pune’s oldest girls’ schools, and later at St Columba School for Girls in
Bombay’s Gamdevi area. At Wilson College, where Chitale was a student boarder, she met a teacher who would
become her mentor: Johanna Adriana Quinta Du Preez. Du Preez, who was of Afrikaaner origin, was impressed by
the young woman’s love for theatre, effervescence and expressive ways. She took Chitale under her wing and
became a frequent visitor to her student’s home.

An astrologer’s dire prediction that her marriage could lead to friction with other relatives prompted Chitale to
accompany Du Preez to England. In 1934, Chitale began studying Montessori methods of education at London’s
University College. An ancestry.com record shows that in late 1930s, she and Du Preez were both at Oxford – while
Du Preez was studying journalism, Chitale was an external student.
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When World War II arrived, it made new demands of Chitale and people like writer Mulk Raj Anand, who was in
London. They were spokespersons for their country’s freedom, seeking an end to British domination, and yet it was
equally urgent for them to resist the forces of fascism and authoritarianism.

As records show, Chitale joined the Indian Section of BBC’s Eastern Service in 1940, a division that would attract
powerhouses like Mulk Raj Anand, Princess Indira Devi of Kapurthala, actor Balraj Sahni and his wife Damayanti,
political activist Ayana Deva Angadi, Sri Lankan poet JM Tambimuttu and Anglo-Indian biologist-poet Cedric
Dover.

Chitale’s association with the Indian Section came about somewhat propitiously. As Deo writes, Chitale had authored
a piece – perhaps in translation – for the government, which got her recommended to the BBC. Another possibility is
that she came to work there for Du Preez, who, according to her death certificate issued in Cape Town in 1948, was a
BBC announcer already.

Source: https://scroll.in/magazine/922997/the-indian-woman-who-braved-world-war-ii-bombing-to-chart-an-
unconventional-life-for-herself

Which of the following statement(s) can be stated as (a) reason(s) behind South Asians scrambling to get home?

I. Britain had joined the ongoing war.

II. Risks in travelling had increased.

III. To support India's freedom movement.

A. Only I B. Only II
C. Both I and II D. Only III
E. Both II and III
17. Why is Chitale's life called "unique"?
B. She worked with the BBC, a company owned by the
A. She was moving to London, even though war was at
British government, despite being a spokesperson for
Britain's shore.
India's freedom movement.
D. She would make choices, both personal and
C. She decided to accompany Du Preez to London as a
professional, that were unconventional and defied the
result of an astrologer's dire prediction.
norms.
E. They sought an end to British domination, and yet it
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was equally urgent for them to resist the forces of fascism

and authoritarianism.
18. Which of the following is NOT true with respect to the passage?
B. World War II created demands of people like Chitale
A. Chitale left India after the astrologer's prediction as she
and Mulk Raj Anand to be spokesperson for the British
didn’t want to marry.
government.
C. It was only Indians that who sought an end to British
D. None of the above.
government.
E. All of the above.
19. According to the passage, which of the following could be said about BBC hiring Chitale?

I. She had good association with the Indian Section

II. Chitale had translated a piece for the government

III. Chitale came to work there for Du Preez, who was a BBC announcer already.
A. Only I B. Only II
C. All I, II and III D. Both I and II
E. Only III
20. Which of the following can be correctly inferred from the passage?
A. BBC's Eastern Service attracted people from all the
B. Venu Chitale, despite being a highly educated woman,
colonies of the British Empire to speak against the British
believed in astrology.
domination.
C. Johanna Adriana Quinta Du Preez used to study at D. Nandini Apte, Venu Chitale's daughter, is the source
Wilson college, and went to England for higher studies. for most of the facts in Vijaya Deo's book.
E. It was Chitale's decision to join the Eastern Service of
BBC in 1940, that would attract powerhouses like Mulk
Raj Anand, Princess Indira Devi of Kapurthala and others.
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Solutions
1. C
Sol. Refer to the following lines from the passage “..Jallikattu is an age-old tradition in
Tamil Nadu and continues to enjoy significant popularity. It is intrinsically linked to
the rural-agrarian economy of the state..” These lines imply that the sport is an
inherent part of the Tamil culture.
2. D
Sol. Throughout the above passage the author gave reasons why Jallikattu should
continue and see no ban from the Supreme Court. He refers the sport as “benign
cultural practice”. Also, in paragraph one and two the evident support of the
author is seen. Thus, the tone of the author is understood to be supportive.
3. B
Sol.
“Fiat” means ‘a formal authorization or proposition; a decree’. All the given words except ‘testament’ are similar to
‘fiat’. ‘Testament’ means ‘a person's will, especially the part relating to personal property’. Thus, option B is the
correct answer.
4. A
Sol.
The sentence states that he was very much angry moments ago, but it could not be told from the gentle and kind look
of his face. Thus, ‘benign’, which means 'gentle and kind', fits in the blank to make the sentence grammatically and
contextually correct. Therefore, the correct answer is option A.
5. D
Sol. Refer to the last line of the passage “On Jallikattu, it would suffice if the apex court regulates the sport rather than
prescribe a wholesale ban”. Thus, the correct answer is option E.
6. D
Sol. "...by bringing home, from one of his journeys abroad, a beautiful, fascinating, clever, French wife..." and "...by
conviction a republican..." make options I & III correct. "...her DEBUT in artistic Parisian circles..." make option II
also correct.
All the statements point towards one person, and thus all the options are correct.

Hence, the correct answer is E.

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7. A
Sol. "...he would have been called unusually good-looking but for a certain lazy expression in his deep-set blue eyes, and
that perpetual inane laugh which seemed to disfigure his strong, clearly-cut mouth." This statement tells us that Sir
Percy Blakeney was good-looking, but his 'inane laugh' was not liked by the author. The author also calls him sleepy
and dull. So, option A is correct.

A hypocrite is someone who says they have particular moral beliefs but behaves in way that shows these are not
sincere. Marguerite said ‘Money and titles may be hereditary, but brains are not,’ and that’s exactly what she worked
on. She never deterred from her beliefs. So, option B is wrong.

The high society was 'astonished' that Sir Percy Blakeney, who was considered dull and uninteresting had manged to
get such a fascinating wife. There is nothing said on whether Marguerite deserved Blakeney. So, option C is wrong.

Hence, the correct answer is A.

8. D
Sol. "... her charming salon...", which is "...her charming apartment in the Rue Richelieu, a coterie..." is referred to as "the
seal to an artistic career". The reason behind this that "...her charming salon was reserved for originality and intellect,
for brilliance and wit, for clever men and talented women..." So, option I & II are correct.

‘Money and titles may be hereditary,’ Marguerite would say and this would be a basis on which intellectuals would
be allowed in the coterie. So, option II is also correct. Hence, the correct answer is E.
9. B
Sol. Here the comet refers to Marguerite St. Just. She believed in "equality of birth" and thus, gave importance to those
who possessed originality and intellect. So, when we say "...comet with a trail behind her...", we mean that due to her
views and nature, she was surrounded by intellectuals from all classes. So, only option B is correct.

Whether people came to the coterie for distraction cannot be determined from the given passage. So, options A & E
are wrong. There is no mention of suitors and their beliefs, so, option C is also wrong. Option D is also wrong, as
people had had intellect before they started following Marguerite. Hence, the correct answer is B.
10. C
Sol. It was Marguerite who believed in the idea of "equality of birth" and disregard any hereditary titles. So, option A is
wrong. She allowed only those who had originality and wit. So, we can say that the coterie had only those who
possessed these particular characteristics. Whether Marguerite's ideologies were enforced or not, or if people came to
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the coterie for distraction cannot be determined from the given passage. So, options B & D are also wrong. Hence,
the correct answer is C.
11. B
Sol. As stated in the 1st para, “In Ptolemaic Egypt (305 B.C. to 30 B.C.), the region's prosperity was linked to the flood
cycle of the Nile River, with regular flooding sustaining local agriculture.” Hence, option B is correct.
12. A
Sol. As stated in the 1st para, “A drier monsoon season could have reduced Nile flooding, leading to fewer crops and
more food shortages and, ultimately, initiating a societal unravelling that led to the Ptolemaic dynasty's eventual
collapse, the study authors wrote.” Hence, option A is correct.
13. C
Sol. As stated in the 2nd para, “When volcanoes erupt, they spew sulphur-rich gases in plumes that can extend into the
stratosphere. These gases then oxidize and form particles called sulphate aerosols that can dramatically impact
weather patterns such as monsoons, the study authors reported.” Hence, option C is correct.
14. D
Sol. As stated in the 3rd para, “Aerosols produced by a volcanic eruption in Iceland, for instance, could thereby sap the
heat driving the African monsoon, thus leading to less rain and reduced Nile flooding, Ludlow explained.” Hence,
option D is correct.
15. A
Sol. As stated in the 4th para, “The nilometers confirmed that during years when there were volcanic eruptions, the
average Nile response was lower flood heights, the researchers found.” Hence, option A is correct.
16. B
Sol. The year mentioned in the passage is 1939, which means 'the war' mentioned in the passage refers to the second
world war, which Britain was a part of. "The war was about to reach Britain’s shores" implies that war had already
started somewhere else, but had just began to reach the British Isles. These two facts together tell us that Britain was
already a participant of the said war, except the fighting took place mostly offshore. So, option I is wrong.

"… shipping was disrupted, and travel had become dangerous…" makes option II valid.

"Many South Asians were scrambling in this tumult to get home to safety…" implies that the main reason behind
them moving to India was their own personal safety. There is nothing mentioned in the passage about the relation
between this movement and India's freedom movement. So, option III is also wrong.
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Hence, the correct answer is B.

17. D
Sol. "Her unique life is the subject of a chapter in scholar Vijaya Deo’s Marathi book…". From this, we can infer that
Chitale was the subject of Deo's books because she was unique. What made her unique is described in the same
paragraph as "Hers is the story of a woman who defied the times with her unconventional choices and went on to
become a spokesperson for India’s freedom movement." Even though the rest of the options are correct according to
the entire passage, but the only option D is said in context of Chitale being unique. Hence, the correct answer is D.
18. D
Sol. The passage clearly mentions that Chitale had a daughter, Nandini Apte. Clearly, she got married. So, we can say that
it is not marriage she was leaving behind. The fact that she left immediately after the prediction, suggests that she
didn't believe in astrology and didn't let it stop her ambition. So, option A is wrong.

"They were spokespersons for their country’s freedom, seeking an end to British domination, and yet it was equally
urgent for them to resist the forces of fascism and authoritarianism." Here, they referred to Chitale Du Preez, Mulk
Raj Anand and others like them. It is evident that they didn't support the British government. So, option B is also
wrong.Du Preez was "…of Afrikaaner origin…" and was also a "…spokespersons for…" her "…country’s freedom,
seeking an end to British domination…". Clearly, it was just India that was opposing the British, other countries, like
South Africa, were also speaking against them. So, option C is also wrong. Hence, the correct answer is E.
19. C
Sol. "Chitale’s association with the Indian Section came about somewhat propitiously." Here, the Indian Section refers to
a faction of the Eastern Service of BBC. This and "Chitale had authored a piece – perhaps in translation – for the
government" together helped her get a job at BBC. So, both I & II are correct.

"Another possibility is that she came to work there for Du Preez, who, according to her death certificate issued in
Cape Town in 1948, was a BBC announcer already." This means that there were two possibilities as to why did BBC
hired Chitale and option III is also correct.

Hence, the correct answer is C.

20. A
Sol. "They were spokespersons for their country’s freedom, seeking an end to British domination…". Here they refer to
Chitale, Mulk Raj and Du Preez. Du Preez was from South Africa and other two were Indians. All of them worked in
the BBC and spoke against the British. This proves option is correct.

The reasons for the rest of them being wrong are as follows:
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Venu Chitale went against the astrologer's prediction to get married later in life and even had a daughter Nandini
Apte. So, option B is wrong.

"At Wilson College, where Chitale was a student boarder, she met a teacher who would become her mentor." Here,
the teacher is Du Preez. This was when they were still in India. They were later at Oxford as students. So, option C is
wrong.

The only information that we get from Nandini Apte is "…Chitale lost her parents early, and her older siblings and
other relatives helped bring up the younger children". There is no information about where did the rest of the
information came from. So, option D is also wrong.

"…Chitale joined the Indian Section of BBC’s Eastern Service in 1940, a division that would attract powerhouses
like Mulk Raj Anand…" clearly states that it was the division itself that attracted the others, not Chitale. So, option E
is also wrong.

Hence, the correct answer is A.