Islamabad

Islamabad (/ɪzˈlɑːməbæd/;[7] Urdu: ‫اسالم‌آباد‬, romanized: Islāmābād, ; transl. 'City of Islam') is the capital
city of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.[8] It is the country's ninth-most populous city with a
population of over 1.2 million people[5][9] and is federally administered by the Pakistani government
as part of the Islamabad Capital Territory. Built as a planned city in the 1960s and established in
1967, it replaced Karachi as Pakistan's national capital.

The Greek architect Constantinos Apostolou Doxiadis developed Islamabad's master plan, in which
he divided it into eight zones; the city comprises administrative, diplomatic enclave, residential
areas, educational and industrial sectors, commercial areas, as well as rural and green areas
administered by the Islamabad Metropolitan Corporation with support from the Capital
Development Authority. Islamabad is known for its parks and forests, including the Margalla Hills
National Park and the Shakarparian.[10] It is home to several landmarks, including the country's
flagship Faisal Mosque, which is the world's fifth-largest mosque. Other prominent landmarks
include the Pakistan Monument and Democracy Square.[11][12][13]

Rated as Gamma + by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,[14] Islamabad has the
highest cost of living in Pakistan. The city's populace is dominated by both middle and upper-middle
class citizens.[15][16] Islamabad is home to twenty universities, including Bahria University, Quaid-e-
Azam University, PIEAS, COMSATS University, and NUST.[17] It is also rated as one of the safest
cities in Pakistan and has an expansive RFID-enabled surveillance system with almost 2,000 active
CCTV cameras.[18][19]

Toponymy

The name Islamabad means City of Islam. It is derived from two words: Islam and abad. Islam refers
to the religion of Islam, Pakistan's state religion, and -abad is a Persian suffix meaning cultivated
place, indicating an inhabited place or city.[20] According to a history book by Muhammad Ismail
Zabeeh, teacher and poet Qazi Abdur Rehman Amritsari proposed the name of the city.[21][22]

Occasionally in writing, Islamabad is colloquially abbreviated ISB. Such usage originated in SMS
language, in part due to the IATA location identifier for the Islamabad International Airport.
History Islamabad
‫اسالم‌آباد‬
Early history Federal capital city

Islamabad Capital Territory, located on the

Pothohar Plateau of the northern Punjab region, is
considered one of the earliest sites of human
settlement in Asia.[23] Some of the earliest Stone
Age artefacts in the world have been found on the
plateau, dating from 100,000 to 500,000 years
ago. Rudimentary stones recovered from the
terraces of the Soan River testify to the
Islamabad Expressway
endeavours of early man in the inter-glacial
period.[24] Items of pottery and utensils dating
back to prehistory have been found.[25]

Excavations by Dr. Abdul Ghafoor Lone reveal Pakistan Monument Fatima Jinnah Park
evidence of a prehistoric culture in the area.
Relics and human skulls have been found dating
back to 5000 BCE that indicate the region was
home to Neolithic peoples who settled on the
Parliament of Supreme Court of
banks of the Soan[23] and who later developed Pakistan Pakistan
small communities in the region around 3000
BCE.[24][26]

The Indus Valley civilization flourished in the

region between the 23rd and 18th centuries BCE.
Faisal Mosque
Later the area was an early settlement of the
Aryan community which migrated into the region Nickname(s): Isloo, The Green City
from Central Asia.[23] Many great armies such as
those of Zahiruddin Babur, Genghis Khan, Timur
Islamabad
and Ahmad Shah Durrani crossed the region
during their invasions of the Indian
subcontinent.[23][27] In 2015–16, the Federal
Department of Archaeology and Museums, with
the financial support of National Fund for Cultural
Heritage, carried out initial archaeological
excavations in which unearthed the remains of a Show map of Pakistan
Show map of Asia
Buddhist stupa at Ban Faqiran, near the Shah
Show all
Allah Ditta caves, which was dated to the 2nd to
Coordinates: 33°41′35″N 73°03′50″E (https://g
the 5th century CE.[28]
eohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename
=Islamabad&params=33_41_35_N_73_03_50_
E_region:PK_type:city(1108872))

Country Pakistan

Adm. Unit Islamabad Capital

Territory

Constructed 1960
15th-century Pharwala The Shrine of Meher Ali
Fort beside the Swaan Shah was completed Established 14 August 1967[1]

River immediately before Government

construction began on the
• Type Metropolitan
future capital city just Corporation
east of the shrine
• Body Capital Development
Authority

• Mayor None (vacant)[a]

• Deputy Mayor None (vacant)

• Deputy Irfan Nawaz Memon

Commissioner (BPS-19 PAS)[3]

Area[4]
The caves at Shah The restored village of
Allah Ditta, on Saidpur predates the • City 220.15 km2
Islamabad's outskirts, surrounding city of (85.00 sq mi)

were part of an ancient Islamabad • Urban 220.15 km2

Buddhist monastic (85.00 sq mi)

community • Metro 906.50 km2

(350.00 sq mi)

Highest elevation 1,584 m (5,196 ft)

Construction and development
Lowest elevation 490 m (1,610 ft)
When Pakistan gained independence in 1947, the Population (2023 census)[5]
southern port city of Karachi was its provisional
• City 1,108,872
national capital. In 1958, a commission was
• Rank 9th (Pakistan)
constituted to select a suitable site near
Rawalpindi for the national capital with particular • Density 5,037/km2
(13,050/sq mi)
emphasis on location, climate, logistics, and
defence requirements, along with other attributes. • Metro 2,363,863
After extensive study, research, and a thorough • Metro density 2,608/km2
review of potential sites, the commission (6,750/sq mi)

recommended the area northeast of Rawalpindi • Rank (Metro) 4th (Pakistan)

in 1959 which was used as provisional capital Demonym Islamabadi[6]
from that year on.[29][30] In the 1960s, Islamabad
Time zone UTC+05:00 (PKT)
was constructed as a forward capital for several
Postcode 44000
reasons.[31] Karachi was also located at the
southern end of the country, and exposed to Area code 051

attacks from the Arabian Sea. Pakistan needed a Website ictadministration.gov

capital that was easily accessible from all parts .pk (https://ictadmini
stration.gov.pk/)
of the country.[29][32] Karachi, a business centre,
was also considered unsuitable partly because of
intervention of business interests in government affairs.[33] The newly selected location of
Islamabad was closer to the army headquarters in Rawalpindi and the disputed territory of Kashmir
in the north.[23]

A Greek firm of architects, led by Konstantinos Apostolos Doxiadis, designed the master plan of the
city based on a grid plan which was triangular in shape with its apex towards the Margalla Hills.[34]
The capital was not moved directly from Karachi to Islamabad; it was first shifted temporarily to
Rawalpindi in the early 1960s and then to Islamabad when essential development work was
completed in 1966.[35] In 1981, Islamabad separated from Punjab province to form Capital Territory.
Such world-renowned architects as Edward Durell Stone and Gio Ponti have been associated with
the city's development.[36]

Recent history

The Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus

was built in 2015 to connect
Islamabad with neighbouring
Rawalpindi.

Islamabad has attracted people from all over Pakistan, making it one of the most cosmopolitan and
urbanised cities of Pakistan.[37] As the capital city it has hosted numerous important meetings, such
as the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation summit in 2004.[38]

The city suffered damage from the 2005 Kashmir earthquake which had a magnitude of 7.6.[39]
Islamabad has experienced a series of terrorist incidents including the July 2007 Siege of Lal Masjid
(Red Mosque), the June 2008 Danish embassy bombing, and the September 2008 Marriott
bombing.[40] In 2011, four terrorism incidents occurred in the city, killing four people, including the
murder of the Punjab Governor Salmaan Taseer.[41]

Construction of the Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus, the region's first mass transit line, began in
February 2014 and was completed in March 2015. The Rawalpindi Development Authority built the
project at a cost of approximately Rs 24 billion, which was shared by both the Federal government
and the provincial government of Punjab.[42]

Geography

Satellite view of Margalla Hills, Islamabad Islamabad's verdant

Islamabad- cityscape merges with the
Rawalpindi Margalla Hills
Metropolitan Area
with Margalla Hills in
the north.

Islamabad's lush Islamabad's deciduous

landscape trees change colours in
autumn
Islamabad is located at 33.43°N 73.04°E (https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Is
lamabad&params=33.43_N_73.04_E_) at the northern edge of the Pothohar Plateau and at the
foot of the Margalla Hills in Islamabad Capital Territory. Its elevation is 540 metres (1,770 ft).[43][44]
The modern capital and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi form a conurbation and are
commonly referred to as the Twin Cities.[45][33]

To the northeast of the city lies the colonial era hill station of Murree, and to the north lies the
Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Kahuta lies on the southeast, Taxila, Wah Cantt, and Attock
District to the northwest, Gujar Khan, Rawat, and Mandrah on the southeast, and the metropolis of
Rawalpindi to the south and southwest. Islamabad is located 120 kilometres (75 mi) SSW of
Muzaffarabad, 185 kilometres (115 mi) east of Peshawar and 295 kilometres (183 mi) NNW of
Lahore.

Islamabad covers an area of 906 square kilometres (350 sq mi).[46] A further 2,717 square
kilometres (1,049 sq mi) area is known as the Specified Area, with the Margala Hills in the north and
northeast. The southern portion of the city is an undulating plain. It is drained by the Kurang River,
on which the Rawal Dam is located.[36]

Climate

Islamabad's annual precipitation

allows for the growth of lush forests
in the city's hills.

Islamabad has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen: Cwa), with five seasons: Winter (November–
February), Spring (March and April), Summer (May and June), Rainy Monsoon (July and August) and
Autumn (September and October). The hottest month is June, where average highs routinely exceed
38 °C (100.4 °F). The wettest month is July, with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms with the
possibility of cloudburst and flooding. The coolest month is January.

Islamabad's micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs: Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam.
The latter is located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from
Islamabad. Simli Dam is 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Islamabad. 220 acres (89 ha) of the city
consists of Margalla Hills National Park. Loi Bher Forest is situated along the Islamabad Highway,
covering an area of 1,087 acres (440 ha).[47] The highest monthly rainfall of 743.3 mm (29.26 in)
was recorded during July 1995.[48] Winters generally feature dense fog in the mornings and sunny
afternoons. In the city, temperatures stay mild, with snowfall over the higher-elevation points on
nearby hill stations, notably Murree and Nathia Gali. The temperatures range from 13 °C (55 °F) in
January to 38 °C (100 °F) in June. The highest recorded temperature was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) on 23
June 2005 while the lowest temperature was −6.0 °C (21.2 °F) on 17 January 1967.[49][50] Light
snowfall sometimes happens on the peaks of the hills visible from the city, though this is rare.[51]
Snowfall does not occur in the city itself. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record-breaking
620 mm (24 in) of rainfall in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in Islamabad in the past 100
years and the highest rainfall in 24 hours as well.[52][53] Water supply is strained, leading to project
proposals like the Ghazi Barotha water supply project.

Climate data for Islamabad (1991-2020) [hide]

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C 30.1 30.0 37.0 44.0 45.6 46.6 45.0 42.0 38.1 38.0 32.2 28.3 46.6
(°F) (86.2) (86.0) (98.6) (111.2) (114.1) (115.9) (113.0) (107.6) (100.6) (100.4) (90.0) (82.9) (115.9)
Mean daily
17.7 20.0 24.8 30.6 36.1 38.3 35.4 33.9 33.4 30.9 25.4 20.4 28.9
maximum °C
(63.9) (68.0) (76.6) (87.1) (97.0) (100.9) (95.7) (93.0) (92.1) (87.6) (77.7) (68.7) (84.0)
(°F)
Daily mean °C 10.7 13.4 18.1 23.6 28.7 31.4 30.1 29.1 27.6 23.3 17.3 12.5 22.2
(°F) (51.3) (56.1) (64.6) (74.5) (83.7) (88.5) (86.2) (84.4) (81.7) (73.9) (63.1) (54.5) (71.9)
Mean daily 3.6 6.8 11.4 16.6 21.5 24.5 24.9 24.2 21.7 15.6 9.1 4.7 15.4
minimum °C (°F) (38.5) (44.2) (52.5) (61.9) (70.7) (76.1) (76.8) (75.6) (71.1) (60.1) (48.4) (40.5) (59.7)
Record low °C −6 −5.0 −3.8 2.1 5.5 13 15.2 14.5 13.3 5.7 −0.6 −2.8 −6.0
(°F) (21) (23.0) (25.2) (35.8) (41.9) (55) (59.4) (58.1) (55.9) (42.3) (30.9) (27.0) (21.2)
Average
55.2 99.5 96.5 58.1 39.9 78.4 310.6 317.0 135.4 34.4 17.7 25.9 1,268.6
precipitation
(2.17) (3.92) (3.80) (2.29) (1.57) (3.09) (12.23) (12.48) (5.33) (1.35) (0.70) (1.02) (49.95)
mm (inches)
Average
precipitation 4.7 8.0 7.3 6.1 5.2 6.0 12.3 11.9 6.4 2.9 2.0 2.0 74.8
days (≥ 1.0 mm)
Mean monthly
195.7 187.1 202.3 252.4 319.0 300.1 264.4 250.7 262.2 275.5 247.9 195.6 2,952.9
sunshine hours
Source 1: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)[54][55]
Source 2: PMD (extremes)[56]
Cityscape

Islamabad Zones

Zones in Islamabad
Civic administration
Area
Zone
The Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT) Administration, acres km2
generally known as ICT Administration or Islamabad
I 54,958.25 222.4081
Administration, is the civil administration as well as main
law and order agency of the Federal Capital. II 9,804.92 39.6791

III 50,393.01 203.9333

The local government authority of the city is the Islamabad
IV 69,814.35 282.5287
Metropolitan Corporation (IMC) with some help from Capital
V 39,029.45 157.9466
Development Authority (CDA), which oversees the planning,
development, construction, and administration of the Source: Lahore Real Estate[57]

city.[58][59] Islamabad Capital Territory is divided into eight

zones: Administrative Zone, Commercial District, Educational Sector, Industrial Sector, Diplomatic
Enclave, Residential Areas, Rural Areas and Green Area.[60] Islamabad city is divided into five major
zones: Zone I, Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV, and Zone V. Out of these, Zone IV is the largest in area.[57]
Zone I consists mainly of all the developed residential sectors while Zone II consists of the under-
developed residential sectors. Each residential sector is identified by a letter of the alphabet and a
number, and covers an area of approximately 2 km × 2 km (11⁄4 mi × 11⁄4 mi). The sectors are
lettered from A to I, and each sector is divided into four numbered sub-sectors.[61]
Sectors

The five zones and sectors of

Islamabad

Series A, B, and C are still underdeveloped. The D series has seven sectors (D-11 to D-17),[57] of
which only sector D-12 is completely developed. This series is located at the foot of Margalla
Hills.[60] The E Sectors are named from E-7 to E-17.[57] Many foreigners and diplomatic personnel are
housed in these sectors.[60] In the revised Master Plan of the city, CDA has decided to develop a park
on the pattern of Fatima Jinnah Park in sector E-14. Sectors E-8 and E-9 contain the campuses of
Bahria University, Air University, and the National Defence University.[62][63][64] The F and G series
contains the most developed sectors. F series contains sectors F-5 to F-17; some sectors are still
under-developed.[57] F-5 is an important sector for the software industry in Islamabad, as the two
software technology parks are located here. The entire F-9 sector is covered with Fatima Jinnah
Park. The Centaurus complex is a major landmark of the F-8 sector.[60] G sectors are numbered G-5
through G-17.[57] Some important places include the Jinnah Convention Centre and Serena Hotel in
G-5, the Red Mosque in G-6, the Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, the largest medical complex
in the capital, located in G-8,[60] and the Karachi Company shopping center in G-9.

The H sectors are numbered H-8 through H-17.[57] The H sectors are mostly dedicated to
educational and health institutions. National University of Sciences and Technology covers a major
portion of sector H-12.[60] The I sectors are numbered from I-8 to I-18. With the exception of I-8,
which is a well-developed residential area, these sectors are primarily part of the industrial zone.
Two sub-sectors of I-9 and one sub-sector of I-10 are used as industrial areas. CDA is planning to
set up Islamabad Railway Station in Sector I-18 and Industrial City in sector I-17.[60] Zone III consists
primarily of the Margalla Hills and Margalla Hills National Park. Rawal Lake is in this zone. Zone IV
and V consist of Islamabad Park, and rural areas of the city. The Soan River flows into the city
through Zone V.[57]
 Islamabad skyline

Islamabad–Rawalpindi metropolitan area

When the master plan for Islamabad was drawn up in 1960, Islamabad and Rawalpindi, along with
the adjoining areas, was to be integrated to form a large metropolitan area called
Islamabad/Rawalpindi Metropolitan Area. The area would consist of the developing Islamabad, the
old colonial cantonment city of Rawalpindi, and Margalla Hills National Park, including surrounding
rural areas.[65][66] However, Islamabad city is part of the Islamabad Capital Territory, while
Rawalpindi is part of Rawalpindi District, which is part of province of Punjab.[67]

Initially, it was proposed that the three areas would be connected by four major highways: Murree
Highway, Islamabad Highway, Soan Highway, and Capital Highway. However, to date only two
highways have been constructed: Kashmir Highway (the former Murree Highway) and Islamabad
Highway.[66] Plans of constructing Margalla Avenue are also underway.[68] Islamabad is the hub all
the governmental activities while Rawalpindi is the centre of all industrial, commercial, and military
activities. The two cities are considered sister cities and are highly interdependent.[65]
 Aerial view of The Ufone Pakistan Secretariat Star and Crescent
Centaurus Tower & ISE Monument near the start of
Tower Shakarparian

Faisal Mosque Daman-e- Sunset over the Lake Night view of Blue
Koh Park View Park Area, the commercial
hub of the city.

Blue Area and Jinnah Constitution Avenue Saidpur New Blue Area Islamabad
Avenue Village

Architecture

Dewan Masjid Islamabad

 Monument in F-9 Park

Islamabad's architecture is a combination of modernity and old Islamic and regional traditions. The
Saudi-Pak Tower is an example of the integration of modern architecture with traditional styles. The
beige-coloured edifice is trimmed with blue tile works in Islamic tradition, and is one of Islamabad's
tallest buildings. Other examples of intertwined Islamic and modern architecture include Pakistan
Monument and Faisal Mosque. Other notable structures are: Secretariat Complex designed by Gio
Ponti, Prime Minister's secretariat based on Mughal architecture and the National Assembly by
Edward Durell Stone.[30]

The murals on the inside of the large petals of Pakistan Monument are based on Islamic
architecture.[69] The Shah Faisal Mosque is a fusion of contemporary architecture with a more
traditional large triangular prayer hall and four minarets, designed by Vedat Dalokay, a Turkish
architect and built with the help of funding provided by King Faisal of Saudi Arabia.[70] The
architecture of Faisal Mosque is unusual as it lacks a dome structure. It is a combination of Arabic,
Turkish, and Mughal architectural traditions.[71] The Centaurus is an example of modern architecture
under construction in Islamabad. The seven star hotel was designed by WS Atkins PLC.The newly
built Islamabad Stock Exchange Towers is another example of modern architecture in the city.[72]
Demographics

Historical population
Year Pop. ±%
1972 77,000 —
1981 204,000 +164.9%
1998 529,180 +159.4%
2017 2,014,825 +280.7%
Islamabad population pyramid in Source: [73][74]
2017

Language

Languages by number of
speakers in Islamabad[75]
Punjabi (52.23%)
Pashto (18.50%)
Urdu (12.23%)
Hindko (6.40%)
Other (10.64%)

According to the 2017 census, the mother tongue of the majority of the population is Punjabi at 52%
(a decrease of 18% from the 1998 census), and a major dialect is Pothohari, 19% of the population
are Pashto speakers, while an additional 12% speak Urdu, the national language, whereas the rest
17% speak other languages.[76] According to the 1998 census, the total migrant population of the
city is 1 million, with the majority (691,977) coming from Punjab. Around 210,614 of the migrated
population came from Sindh and rest from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Kashmir. Smaller
populations emigrated from Balochistan, and Gilgit–Baltistan.[77]
Literacy

The majority of the population lies in the age group of 15–64 years, around 59.38%. Only 2.73% of
the population is above 65 years of age; 37.90% is below the age of 15.[78] Islamabad has the
highest literacy rate in Pakistan, at 88%.[79] 9.8% of the population has done intermediate education
(equivalent to grades 11 and 12). 10.26% have a bachelor or equivalent degree while 5.2% have a
master or equivalent degree.[80] The labour force of Islamabad is 185,213[81] and the unemployment
rate is 15.70%.[82]

Religion

The shrine of Bari Imam in Islamabad

Religion in Islamabad (2017)

Islam 95.43%
Christianity 4.34%
Hinduism 0.04%
Others 0.19%

Islam is the largest religion in the city, with 95.43% of the population following it. Christianity is the
second largest religion is with 4.34% of the population following it. The Christians are concentrated
mainly in the urban areas. Hinduism is followed by 0.04% of the population according to the 2017
census.[83][84][85]

Economy
 Islamabad Stock Exchange Zarai Taraqiati Bank
Limited

Islamabad is a net contributor to the Pakistani economy, as whilst having only 0.8% of the country's
population, it contributes 1% to the country's GDP.[86] Islamabad Stock Exchange, founded in 1989, is
Pakistan's third largest stock exchange after Karachi Stock Exchange and Lahore Stock Exchange,
and was merged to form Pakistan Stock Exchange. The exchange had 118 members with 104
corporate bodies and 18 individual members. The average daily turnover of the stock exchange is
over 1 million shares.[87]

According to the World Bank's Doing Business Report of 2010, Islamabad was ranked as the best
place to start a business in Pakistan.[88] Islamabad's businesses are Pakistan's most compliant for
paying tax dues.[89] As of 2012, Islamabad LTU (Large Tax Unit) was responsible for Rs 371 billion in
tax revenue, which amounts to 20% of all the revenue collected by Federal Board of Revenue.[90]

Islamabad has seen an expansion in information and communications technology with the addition
two Software Technology Parks, which house numerous national and foreign technological and
information technology companies. Awami Markaz IT Park houses 36 IT companies, while Evacuee
Trust house 29 companies.[91] Islamabad will see its third IT Park by 2020, which will be built with
assistance from South Korea.[92]

Culture

Islamabad is home to many migrants from other regions of Pakistan and has a cultural and religious
diversity of considerable antiquity. Due to its location on the Pothohar Plateau, remnants of ancient
cultures and civilisations such as Aryan, Soanian, and Indus Valley civilisation can still be found in
the region. A 15th-century Gakhar fort, Pharwala Fort is located near Islamabad.[93][94] Rawat Fort in
the region was built by the Gakhars in 16th century and contains the grave of the Gakhar chief,
Sultan Sarang Khan.[94]
Saidpur village is supposedly named after Said Khan, the son of Sarang Khan. The 500-year-old
village was converted into a place of Hindu worship by a Mughal commander, Raja Man Singh. He
constructed a number of small ponds: Rama kunda, Sita kunda, Lakshaman kunda, and Hanuman
kunda.[95] The region is home to a small Hindu temple that is preserved, showing the presence of
Hindu people in the region. The shrine of Sufi mystic Pir Meher Ali Shah is located at Golra Sharif,
which has a rich cultural heritage of the pre-Islamic period. Archaeological remains of the Buddhist
era can also still be found in the region.[96] The shrine of Bari Imam was built by Mughal Emperor
Aurangzeb. Thousands of devotees from across Pakistan attend the annual Urs of Bari Imam. The
event is one of the largest religious gatherings in Islamabad. In 2004, the Urs was attended by more
than 1.2 million people.[97]

The Lok Virsa Museum in Islamabad preserves a wide variety of expressions of folk and traditional
cultural legacy of Pakistan. It is located near the Shakarparian hills and boasts a large display of
embroidered costumes, jewellery, musical instruments, woodwork, utensils and folkloristic objects
from the region and other parts of Pakistan.[98]

Tourism

Faisal Mosque

Faisal Mosque is an important cultural landmark of the city and that attracts many tourists daily.
Faisal Mosque built in 1986, was named after the Saudi Arabian King, Faisal bin Abdul Aziz.[99] It
also serves the purpose of accommodating 24,000 Muslims that pray at this mosque. Faisal
Mosque that is designed by the Turks and financed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia includes
calligraphy of Quranic verses along the walls of the mosque.

One of the landmarks for tourists is the Pakistan Monument built in 2007 located in Islamabad. This
tourist attraction represents the patriotism and sovereignty of Pakistan. The design is shaped as a
dome with petal-shaped walls that are engraved with arts portraying Pakistan's other tourist
landmarks such as the Badshahi Mosque, Minar-e-Pakistan and Lahore Fort.[100]
 The Pakistan Monument

Islamabad holds some of Pakistan's most prestigious museums such as Lok Virsa Museum,
Institute of Folk and Traditional Heritage Shakarparian Park and prominent galleries such as the
National Art Gallery and Gallery 6.

The Islamabad Museum contains many relics and artifacts dating back to the Gandhara period of
the region, an intriguing fusion of Buddhist and Graeco-Roman styles. The living culture of
Islamabad and Pakistan is best explored at Lok Virsa Museum, as well as the Institute of Folk and
Traditional Heritage in Shakarparian Park.

F-9 Fatima Jinnah Park

Islamabad is built upon civilization and architecture that ranges from the 10th Century to the
modern era. As Islamabad is situated on the Potohar Plateau, the remains of civilization descending
from stone-age era include the Acheulian and the Soanian traditions and these are tourist
landmarks. Islamabad has an array of historic landmarks that reflect the Hindu civilization that
dates back to the 16th Century with examples such as Saidpur. Saidpur that is situated in Islamabad
has progressed from a village to a sacred place that includes temples where the Hindu Mughal
Commanders worshipped.[101]
Margalla Hills National Park is located in the North sector of Islamabad and is in close proximity to
the Himalayas. The National Park includes of picturesque valleys and scenic hills that include
various wildlife such as Himalayan goral, Barking deer and leopards. Flanked by wildlife and
vegetation, Margalla Hills National Park also includes accommodation and camping grounds for
tourists.

Education

Quaid-i-Azam University

Islamabad boasts the highest literacy rate in Pakistan at 98%,[79] and has some of the most
advanced educational institutes in the country.[102] A large number of public and private sector
educational institutes are present here. The higher education institutes in the capital are either
federally chartered or administered by private organizations and almost all of them are recognised
by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. High schools and colleges are either affiliated
with the Federal Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education or with the UK universities
education boards, O/A Levels, or IGCSE. According to the Academy of Educational Planning and
Management's report, in 2009 there were a total of 913 recognized institutions in Islamabad (31 pre-
primary, 2 religious, 367 primary, 162 middle, 250 high, 75 higher secondary and intermediate
colleges, and 26 degree colleges).[103] There are seven teacher training institutes in Islamabad with
a total enrolment of 604,633 students and 499 faculty.[103]

National University of Sciences and

Technology
The Gender Parity Index in Islamabad is 0.93 compared to the 0.95 national average. There are 178
boys-only institutes, 175 girls-only, and 551 mixed institutes in Islamabad.[103] Total enrolment of
students in all categories is 267,992; 138,272 for boys and 129,720 for girls.[103] There are 16
recognized universities in Islamabad with a total enrolment of 372,974 students and 30,144
teachers.[103] Most of the top ranked universities; National University of Sciences and Technology,
COMSATS Institute of Information Technology and Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied
Sciences, also have their headquarters in the capital.[17] The world's second largest general
university by enrolment, Allama Iqbal Open University is located in Islamabad for distance
education. Other universities include Air University, Bahria University, Center for Advanced Studies in
Engineering, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Hamdard University, National
University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Capital University of Science & Technology, National
Defence University, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, National University of Modern Languages, Iqra
University, International Islamic University, Virtual University of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah
University, The University of Lahore, Abasyn University, and The Millennium University College.

Universities and colleges

Abasyn University

Air University

Bahria University

Center for Advanced Studies in Engineering

COMSATS University Islamabad

Foundation University

Institute of Space Technology

International Islamic University

Mohammad Ali Jinnah University

National Defence University

National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

National University of Modern Languages

NUST

Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences

 Quaid-i-Azam University

Riphah International University

Roots Ivy College

SZABIST

University College of Islamabad

Healthcare

Pakistan Institute of Medical

Sciences

Islamabad has the lowest rate of infant mortality in the country at 38 deaths per thousand
compared to the national average of 78 deaths per thousand.[104] Islamabad has both public and
private medical centres. The largest hospital in Islamabad is Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences
(PIMS) hospital. It was established in 1985 as a teaching and doctor training institute. PIMS
functions as a National Reference Center and provides specialised diagnostic and curative
services.[105] The hospital has 30 major medical departments.[106] PIMS is divided into five
administrative branches. Islamabad Hospital is the major component with a 592-bed facility and 22
medical and surgical specialties.[107]

The Children's Hospital is a 230-bed hospital completed in 1985. It contains six major facilities:
Surgical and Allied Specialties, Medical and Allied Specialties, Diagnostic Facilities, Operation
Theatre, Critical Care (NICU, PICU, Isolation & Accident Emergency), and a Blood Bank.[108] The
Maternal and Child Health Care Center is a training institute with an attached hospital of 125 beds
offering different clinical and operational services.[109] PIMS consists of five academic institutes:
Quaid-e-Azam Postgraduate Medical College, College of Nursing, College of Medical Technology,
School of Nursing, and Mother and Child Health Center.[110]

PAEC General Hospital and teaching institute, established in 2006, is affiliated with the Pakistan
Atomic Energy Commission.[111] The hospital consists of a 100-bed facility[111] and 10 major
departments: Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pediatric, General Medicine, General Surgery, Intensive
Care Unit/Coronary Care Unit, Orthopedics, Ophthalmology, Pathology, Radiology, and Dental
Department.[112] Shifa International Hospital is a teaching hospital in Islamabad that was founded in
1987 and became a public company in 1989. The hospital has 70 qualified consultants in almost all
specialties, 150 IPD beds and OPD facilities in 35 different specialisations.[113] According to the
Federal Bureau of Statistics of the Government of Pakistan, in 2008 there were 12 hospitals, 76
dispensaries, and five maternity and child welfare centers in the city with a total of 5,158 beds.[114]

Transport

Srinagar Highway, Islamabad

Aerial transport

Islamabad is connected to major destinations around the world and domestically through
Islamabad International Airport (IIAP).[115] The airport is the largest in Pakistan and is located south-
west of Islamabad. The new airport inaugurated on 20 April 2018, spreads over 19 square
kilometers with 15 passenger boarding bridges. It also includes facilities to accommodate two
double-decker Airbus A380s, 15 remote bays and 3 remote bays for Air cargo.[115]

Public transport

Islamabad Metro Bus

The Rawalpindi-Islamabad Metrobus is a 83.6 km (51.9 mi) bus rapid transit system operating in the
Islamabad-Rawalpindi metropolitan area. The Metrobus network's first phase was opened on 4 June
2015, and stretches 22.5 kilometres between Pak Secretariat, in Islamabad, and Saddar in
Rawalpindi. The second stage stretches 25.6 kilometres between the Peshawar Morr Interchange
and New Islamabad International Airport and was inaugurated on 18 April 2022.[116][117] On 7 July
2022, the Green Line and Blue Lines were added to this Metrobus network.[118] The system uses e-
ticketing and an Intelligent Transportation System and is managed by the Punjab Mass Transit
Authority. The metro buses are widely used for commuting purposes by the labor force and
students.

Railway

Islamabad railway station is located in sector I-9 in Islamabad, Capital Territory, Pakistan. The
station appears as Margala on the Pakistan Railways website.[119]

Private transport

People use private transport like Taxis, Careem, Uber, Bykea, and SWVL for local journeys. In March
2016, Careem became functional in Islamabad and Rawalpindi with taxi services.

Roadways

M-2 Motorway is 367 km (228 mi) long and connect Islamabad and Lahore.[120] M-1 Motorway
connects Islamabad with Peshawar and is 155 km (96 mi) long.[120] Islamabad is linked to
Rawalpindi through the Faizabad Interchange, which has a daily traffic volume of about 48,000
vehicles.[121]

Sports

Jinnah Sports Stadium, the largest

stadium in Pakistan

Islamabad Golf Club

Islamabad has a multipurpose sports complex opposite Aabpara. It includes Liaquat Gymnasium
for indoor games, Mushaf Squash Complex and Jinnah Sports Stadium for outdoor games, which is
a venue for regular national and international events. 2004 SAF Games were held in the stadium.
Some other sports venues of Islamabad include Diamond Club Ground, Shalimar Cricket Ground
and Islamabad Golf Club.

There is another multipurpose sports complex in the F6 Markaz. It has tennis courts, a basketball
court with fibre-glass boards and a Futsal ground which introduced artificial turf to the people of
Islamabad.

Major sports in the city include cricket, football, squash, hockey, table tennis, rugby and boxing.[122]
The city is home to Islamabad United[123] which won the first ever Pakistan Super League in 2016
and second title in 2018,[124][125] and Islamabad All Stars, which participates in the Super Kabaddi
League.

Islamabad also has various rock climbing spots in the Margalla Hills.[126]

The Pakistan Sports Complex has three swimming pools for children. These facilities attract a large
gathering on weekends.[127]

Recreation

Faisal Mosque

Located in Islamabad, Pakistan, the Faisal Mosque is the largest mosque in South Asia and the
fourth largest mosque in the world. Built in the year 1986, it was named after the late king of Saudi
Arabia, Faisal Bin Abdul Aziz, who backed and financed the construction.[128]

Faisal Mosque
Trail 3

Trail 3 Islamabad

The most famous and oldest hiking track of Islamabad is Trail 3. It starts from the Margalla Road in
sector F-6/3. Due to steep hills, the trail is exhausting to some extent. The course leads to the point
where it goes up to the Viewpoint and is about a 30 – 50 minutes track. After the Viewpoint it
continues for another easy-going 45 – 60 minutes and reaches the Pir Sohawa, where there are two
restaurants for food, The Monal and La Montana. In total, it is approximately a one-hour and thirty
minute walk.[129]

Pakistan Monument

Pakistan Monument Islamabad

Located in Islamabad, the Pakistan National Monument is a representation of the four provinces
and three territories of the nation. Designed by the famous architect, Arif Masood, this blooming
flower-shaped structure reflects the progress and prosperity of Pakistan.[130]

Shah Allah Ditta Caves

Shah Allah Ditta village is a centuries-old village and a Union Council of Islamabad Capital Authority.
The village is named after a dervish that belonged to the Mughal era. It is estimated to be 650 years
old approximately. It is also home to ancient caves that reflects the previous civilizations. The 2500-
year-old Buddhist caves at the foot of Margalla Hills are located in west of Taxila, east of Islamabad
and in the central area of Khanpur. A spring, a pond and a garden still exist near the Shah Allah Ditta
Caves. There are some banyan trees in the garden, while all other fruit trees are gone. The water
from the same spring was used to irrigate the garden adjoining the caves. During the Mughal period,
when India was the centre of Sufism originating from Arabia and Central Asia, a saint named Shah
Allah Ditta stayed in this garden and was entombed here. The place formerly attributed to sadhus,
monks, or jogis is today known for the famous Sufi Shah Allah Ditta. A short distance from these
caves is also an ancient baoli (stepwell) in the village of Kanthila, which is said to have been built by
Sher Shah Suri.[131]

Twin towns and sister cities

Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates[132]

Amman, Jordan[133][134][135]

Ankara, Turkey[136]

Beijing, China[137]

Jakarta, Indonesia 1984, restarted in 2010[138][139]

Madrid, Spain[134][135]

Minsk, Belarus[140][141]

Seoul, South Korea[134][135][142]

Astana, Kazakhstan

See also

List of birds of Islamabad

List of people from Islamabad

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Further reading

Moatasim, Faiza (2023). Master Plans and Encroachments: The Architecture of Informality in
Islamabad. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-1-5128-2519-0.

External links

Media related to Islamabad at Wikimedia Commons

Islamabad
at Wikipedia's sister projects
Official website (http://www.islamabad.gov.pk/)

Metropolitan Corporation Islamabad (http://mci.gov.pk/) Definitions from Wiktionary

Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20210717051828/htt
Media from Commons
p://mci.gov.pk/) 17 July 2021 at the Wayback Machine
News from Wikinews
Islamabad (https://curlie.org/Regional/Asia/Pakistan/Provinc
Quotations from Wikiquote
es/Islamabad_Capital_Territory) at Curlie
Texts from Wikisource
Geographic data related to Islamabad (https://www.openst Textbooks from Wikibooks
reetmap.org/relation/358002) at OpenStreetMap
Resources from Wikiversity
Travel information from
Wikivoyage
Data from Wikidata

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