Chapter :- Legislature

Q1: Why do we need a Parliament?

A: We need a Parliament because it is the center of all democratic political processes. It performs multiple functions
beyond lawmaking, such as holding the government accountable, representing the diverse views of the population,
debating national issues, and amending the Constitution. Parliament ensures a genuine democracy through a
representative, efficient, and effective legislative body.
Q2: Why do we need two Houses of Parliament?
A: A bicameral legislature, with the Rajya Sabha (Council of States) and the Lok Sabha (House of the People), allows
for a more balanced representation. This structure ensures that different regions and sections of society are
represented and that every decision is reconsidered by another house. It prevents hasty decisions and allows for
thorough discussion and review of legislation and policies.
Q3: What are the advantages of a bicameral legislature?
A: The advantages of a bicameral legislature include better representation of diverse sections and regions, a double-
check on legislation and policies, and the ability to deliberate on issues more thoroughly. This system ensures that
decisions are not made hastily and that all perspectives are considered before laws are enacted.
Q4: How are members of the Rajya Sabha elected?
A: Members of the Rajya Sabha are elected indirectly by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies.
Each State sends representatives based on its population, ensuring proportional representation. Additionally, the
President of India nominates twelve members to the Rajya Sabha for their expertise in various fields.
Q5: What are the main functions of the Lok Sabha?
A: The Lok Sabha enacts laws, controls the executive by asking questions and passing motions, approves taxation and
government spending, represents the population, debates national issues, and participates in amending the
Constitution. It also elects the President and Vice President of India and has the power to remove judges of the
Supreme Court and High Courts.
Q6: What are the legislative functions of Parliament?
A: The legislative functions of Parliament include enacting laws, approving bills, discussing and amending proposed
legislation, and ensuring that laws reflect the will of the people. Parliament also scrutinizes the work of the executive
branch and ensures laws are implemented effectively.
Q7: How does the Parliament control the executive?
A: Parliament controls the executive through mechanisms like the Question Hour, where members ask ministers
questions, and the Zero Hour, where urgent matters are raised. It also approves laws and the budget, ensuring
financial accountability. The Parliament can pass a no-confidence motion to dismiss the government if it loses the
majority's support.
Q8: What is the role of the Rajya Sabha in the legislative process?
A: The Rajya Sabha reviews, suggests amendments, and approves non-money bills and constitutional amendments.
It exercises control over the executive by questioning and debating policies. The Rajya Sabha also participates in the
election and removal of the President, Vice President, and judges of higher courts.
Q9: What is the significance of the Anti-Defection Law?
A: The Anti-Defection Law, enacted through the 52nd Amendment in 1985, prevents elected members from
switching parties after elections, ensuring political stability. It discourages opportunistic party changes and maintains
the integrity of the electoral mandate. The presiding officer of the House decides on defection cases.
Q10: How does the Parliament make laws?
A: A bill is introduced in either House of Parliament and goes through several readings, debates, and possible
amendments. If passed by both Houses, it is sent to the President for assent. Once the President approves, the bill
becomes law. The process ensures thorough discussion and scrutiny of proposed legislation