derivatives

Fundamental results
d n
( x )=n x n−1
dx
d
( sin x )=cos x
dx
d
(cos x)=−sin x
dx
d
( tan x )=sec 2 x
dx
d
¿
dx
d
¿
dx
d
( csc x )=−csc x .cot x
dx
d
¿
dx
d x
( e ) =e x
dx
d x
( a )=a x . log a
dx
d 1
( √ x )=
dx 2. √ x

()
d 1 −1
dx x
= 2
x
d
( x )=1
dx
d
( c )=0 , wherec is any constant
dx
d −1 1
sin x=
dx √1−x 2
 d −1 −1
cos x=
dx √ 1−x 2
d −1 1
tan x=
dx 1+ x
2

d −1 −1
cot x=
dx 1+ x
2

d −1 1
sec x=
dx x √ x 2−1
d −1 −1
csc x=
dx x √ x 2−1
Product rule
d d d
Let u and v be 2 differentiable functions of x then uv=u ( v )+ v (u )
dx dx dx
i.e., derivative of product of 2 functions is equal to first function times d/(dx) second function + second
function times d/(dx) first function

Quotient rule
u
let u and v be 2 differentiable functions then is also diffrentiable at all point where p ( x ) ≠ 0
v
d d
( u )−u ( v )
v
then d u
dx v ()
=
dx
v
2
dx

in other words, derivative of quotient = denominator × derivative of numerator - numerator × derivative

of denominator whole divided by denominator square

results
1
sin x=
csc x
1
cos x=
sec x
sin x
tan x=
cos x
1
sec x=
cos x
cos x
cot x=
sin x
 1
csc x=
sin x
notes
2 2
sin x−cos x=1
2 2
cos x +sin x=1
First principle
dy f ( x + Δ x ) −f ( x )
=lim
dx x→ 0 Δx
Chain rule
Let y=f ( u ) be a function of u

and u=f ( x ) be a function of x

dy dy du
Then, = ×
dx du dx

Differentiation of the function expressed in parametric form

If x and y are parametric function of the parameter t(θ)

dy
Then can be obtained by using the formula
dx
dy
dy dt
=
dx dx
dt

Higher order derivatives

Second order derivative
Let y equals f of x be a differentiable function of x Then the derivative of the function exists and it is
called first derivative of the function

If the first derivative is differentiable then is called second derivative of the function, and it is denoted
2
d
by
( dx )2
N’th order derivative
Let y equals f of x be a differentiable function of x Then the derivative of the function exists and it is
called first derivative of the function
n
d
If the function is differentiable n times, then it is called n’th order derivative, and it is denoted by
( dx )n
Where, n = the number of differentiations needed to get derivative 0.