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    New Doc 07-03-2024 14.37

    Uploaded by

    hemavallibatchu137

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 101
    a Works | Remarks / 8 Fame Wer \ pyarded | tidal’ lvl] lio Le eel ya 7 5 S i 12 OP AMS Ars lication: : ——- |Subbhioctoy and comparates 1Sing 1c anaes in (aaa Fenction.feneralo ung sp-aoesi-_| 9 1G | | A > | a Gb | i | Ac Vive Stliex applications fist Ovele cl 15-13 | G. wile || rea) ascitatox civcutiape chase 12-19 - Sit is ol. 7 ot [ala Mess Tiecex oonestable. opevatiel2a=21 | 6 | SZ 0 3lq3__| ese6 ell application g-28 | 5 GR” WW |rolgha [a BIT Dac using op-Ame g-31 | ES 2olaj2a__| Hz Multiplexer and. __o-34 | es L241 De- Multiplescy d @ scanned with OKEN Scanner INDEX a i Page Marks | Remarks / S.No e Name of the Experiment No. | Awarded | Initial's L ol: Tntrorminr and Differentiate, 145-26 © : 5 (Gee Using multistm Sathuore, 6 ee) 2. _|20hol23 Function generater using az 33. — oo a 2 MotdSinn Softuxc a _bolil2> Tc34) OSCillator circuits 2g-' Be Phase Shift tin byidge x _| Gp lascitiotay 4 [polos T5585 linens: moncstoble | 4 oO Lb, pevaHion citcuits 5 | easy S-rcloke3 _lastoble tmultvihator using | 42 | 5 S) Multising Software g- lorlios [schmitt tigger civourt using | 4 A wy Multisim software. & @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Ir Study of op-Amps Aim: To St et study the pin configuration Specificetion ond function- ing of different integrate d circuits ustd in the pros ce! operations: Apparatus: | I} TOMA F41 op-Amp by NE TSES55S] oe S55C Be Veo Te885 SA [> velse ss6EpLt) ITC UAAY! OP-AmMps The operational amplifier Voltage Source with V fic op-amp Tc: TE + can op-Amp Te- TE | tt can opel | ery high gata the TCAUL fs high performonce - Mod 3 avalla- fopin or pin configuration 7 Ine in apn, siopin o pin con fguration {5 available in 3 Pin lovey a temperature of ssc to SC pect fica tions 2 |. supply Voltage pea TAH, +nv MA, aH, HAY A, AIC » TIBV lh. tnternal Power oissipation vip package = Blom pifferentia! input voltage - 230 Range ye operating Temperature Fi) SSS ayia, MAD to +1se military GA y= commertal CA, AMIE» MaAauic) joe to 4 I0t USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner yeat ig whisdoe offset duly | : ‘oo, ; 1 td LNIC 1 investing teat Les I) zeayy wee Ron tawenting TTT Festa 7h tmpat 3 6 output aor ee s| offset nut ™t i noe, lea, ee poy Maal mito, | L qe Hoppe), | ' 1 reon la ioe NUN evtcpen try | figt Symbol for TSH); 9, { Ole jay 4 Ad OAK ag LE Puli vig queen round . v7 a 3 ch BL wee 7 ay a 555 Tigger ]2 oe 2 [Dy bt athesge 3 J threshold, : Pity) ji [_]vecantvolvoltag toy i fig pin idiagtom of Icssy 21 Te ) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ow:yf191 = input offset voltage omy __ Ex No ON I input Bias cuvvent ~Soma || Ae PSRR CRowen Supply ejected Yotio] = 20st Applications: AdderS, Subbactoy , comparator, Friters , oscillation. Nelse 555 timer: | roost papalor and | The 585 timer fs one of the ics eG poration | Versatile civcutt: This device ig fntraduced by is introduced by signetics corporation fo BO years ' ~ ve d fine \og Stil being used - Eb—ts Combination of di an 1 aignt | old aod | gi tal IcivcuitS- Speci fication : > Supply Voltage -4-SV to IgV Pp Supely Current - Sma b> Output voltage Lowi - 0 - Iv JP Output Voltage Chigh] - 12-Sv |Applications : Multi vibration , 0 Scfila tions, generation of PUM ITcs65 cescriptions The signettu SEINE sto S 6, SEH, SB locked loop: He SEINE 560, S61, 562, SEH, ting frequency range Power d width adjustments Ranges The n 1ORi output package ond asethn eves monolithic phase 5 and 564 diffey, supply re quivernent Mmointy in OPE land fequency ond 8a devices is available aS s4pi Metal can Package~ USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Sebwetle faterat @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ote 14} 21 -) 3 pisticatone: old AL specifications: = operating ‘fiequency Feinge ~ coolly, to 590k HZ 2- opera ting Voltage Range Br Input level Requived > Input Reference ~ tok. S output Sink current Applications : | ff Frequency muttiptier p+ FSsk demedutator ° js: FM oe JIC S66: The Nelse 566 function generator fs o voltage controller fer square wav e loscitiator of exceptional linearity with by oscilia tars ore | And tangle Wave output's the Frequency of * itor and | |idetermined by an external resister ond ae ees ten tO Voltage dppired can program! Yange by proper selection. med oer a a e Ispect fica tions + < he Max operating voltage ~ 26 bh: input voitage 3v(p-p) J3> Storage temp - asc to (SC Applications: As Em modulations 2 Signa | generators Fs function generator —J USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner goin at gate adj Blas oulpul pias sfyrat inpab - “4 ‘ 1 > n ( styl ' a 4 ‘ ‘ ' ~ 6 to ’ 9 . 4 al 6 ' WW Vnpu : * vol Teme lag tom ¢ fiy 1 plo View @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ve ba REGU diffeent integrable d have, heen Gtuehieel> a The pie con fiquralion , Specification, lune Nentag Unt of PMOL {hi} he dreaik used te the pdactica appbetor wo ) C bys? roe aa » USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner = Cfrestt, plogrore t tor | iGjale-n ANN p Nout app oon 28D 9. | | cing wsdve fopet | output wove form. | | i | 7 | TT Tr EN \, . ; — 2 ree wove forrns = oop squoe wave inp ae —— pmapittade : UDVEE ‘| | | Felco os rt ah. - J ev” Tifanguton wave | Amplitude = BK 2VS6V Time ported Uxo+ Sies a iH hy rims | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner “ ato: 26L123, See EXP, No. Integartor - io OL CWvewits using TCIM) Inna: To design and ve ify the opero Hor of integ rotor and differen ttator civeutt fora given inpule Apparatus ¢ ) tear= 4h b) capacitors ~ OWE, O01 UE earh-i 2, kn -) 3) Registers - lokL. mM) RPS 5) Function Gen 6) cRo and CRO probes~ | a) connecting wives and byead boord Hheory = Integrator? A ctreatk in which the output voltage hwovefoven $S Che Pntegration of the input 7S calted integrator No = — Rey is divectly indicates the output voltage Toft the im put yo tage tant RICK + d the output the out pul The above equation onal to negative Y pro por tio! the input tS > for the mMput inte; to the me cons gine wove OP lpopovti land tnver sel Foy example, is cosine WANs square wave, esi GE HHangulay wove * signa\ Frequency -toop om plifict- is wero, The integrator Ky when the Apt lackS aS AN Spcn HA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUT. USHA RAMA {AUTONOMO! is) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner HNGH Bag tar (ote ae ; AW wo 1 vie -_— aati ‘1 4) Bees 2 veplftuede 44 20F firme peotod = 2 1rns Pip ion » Vibra ys tikes T {iene powod: vey, ‘ BGS Ferny ! . nde, lo iT @ scanned with OKEN Scanner We Fritgrator on A oHesentiotor Using Lezuyy @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date: 269-23, = — 6 aoth the ao EXP. No.2. ?) oat Ged Go fe = equency Yoll~ off Connected by : PF TS Connected across YY Tre addttron of resistors IproblemS Can be ; The feedback capacitor CF - 3) Frequency £4 : YR OE Which the gain of mtegrator 1S ods Ipiffeven Hatoy The differentiator ciroutt performs the rrathernaticc | output wave- | operation of — differentiatton. That % the fovrn *S The deviate of 6 top wave form: Nlo= RF Cy dyin at the above equatton indicates the output vltoge iS divectly Proportional to the derivative of the fnput yoitage and also propovtfonal to the time constant RECI- ce i i ‘in LO The reactance of the cfreutt inereases wi th incre’ ie treure Frequency, ata rate of 2od8/deca de~ thre makes the * Supply [dual Channel IS Requiated. onponent” sequived: Ne TCFH 1 j2- Resistor - Theory = Adder 2 : i rf SE A typical summing amplifte r Cfewerting ornpittrer) with The) ners inverting teresinal oF the zeae Te That the OP-Amp fs an ve. ‘input blas curren Vaand vb appiled ot the " nei te carried out Summing 7 lanalysiS: ., y ng eases sires O that 1S AoL= we, Riae assurned to be ZcYOr case~\? Ra =Rb= Re lcase - 27 Raz Rb= Re = RF Vax —Cvasvb+Ve)/S USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner mye Ryers S ny ae con gre) 1 Aenpittact @ MN Way / “Tene period ® > Uy ring 2 SIMs } } int \ vans ' 1 X | outpal signa | anapithude © Gatye uy : ‘Vie period Uxtinys = Sy 5 oes id ' 7 pitt i pve see yeiysyy, inne poviod = hid 1 Gans ben : Od ale thesia ~ e104 fe | Ampli bids WIVEGY 7 { Tine peviod = et | Ee a [ase UD VE edie orf x re : o El @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date: 2| te: 2I|a}23 Ti. 9 Subtroctor : [a 4 typical Subbactoy utth tuo inputs Va and Vb applied o. i. f£ ICAN Jat that non-inverting terminal and inverting terminal © espe t ing that Bvely. The Fotlouatng analysis fs cavied aul OSS4mIng The op-amp is an fdeal one tes Aol=c RIF" Let Ra=Rb=RF=Ri No =Va-Vb Comparator: eee i a Signo) A comparator is a Circuit which Com paves Me ry op-amp with a [eno oltage Applied at one io poof an “i Pesci oh epth faput: et Nottage of the othes NP 7 aefesence — Vottag oles wanster ho"0 loop op-ame with output tvsat 4S tate the change the output > types oF comparaler* take teststics + TE @S clear that place + These O5¢ basically > Non- inverting com parator Ly tmerting coroporotor: Proceduye = Adder: [connect the adder Circuit as Shown fh figure With Ras Rb: ee kX. on The Cos board - 2+ suitch on the power Supply and Opply +5v ta pin + and -sv to pin y of the TCL 3: Apply the Input Voltages from the reguiatec! Supplies to the corvespanding Input derminal of TCHIC pina] y= connect The digital multimeter at the output tesmina | (6) and note down the output Witage And vextfy the thesritioal voltages. USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner eld OHS Application ompe uiieg F044) Subteadtoy then Urs Hoke ory igelc [paste @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Dolo: NN HI cere lo [S: Repeat Whe values Step for different fn put Vol tages: Subtia ctor: leconnect the Sibtactor ctreutt 0S Shaan tn figuer- wilh Ra: Rberf=R= Ik en the COS board. ; pin 4 : apply av to eae by Saleh an the power Spply and apr Jnput tee fnver tine Ond - 12 dopiny of the inverting and non I 9 Nats of TCIM! (randy)- put tesminal ——~ the out B+ connect the —digito! rqwtirsetes Of utpat woltages and veviFy with e ol Gand note down theoritical input voltages. Comparator: bconnect the comparator circuit as shown tn fig-5 as Connect the I-MHzZ finction generator to the input texminals APPLY Wi Sfgnal at Non-in verting terminals af the Fre. IS connect the 2omHz CRO at the cutput tesminals. Me Keep-ty teference voltage when Wef fs less than Vin, then the Output voltage at POsitive texmMmals Hence the output witage iS at logic high levele Applications of Adder nd Subbractor: -> pigital signal processing Ly communication: apy WF es USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner eS Date: 2i}09 a1 Applications for comparators: ts Lever detector [2+ zero crossing detector > Time maker genvotor ls Uiindow detector Precautions : «Signal * i signa Make The null adjustment before applying the inp! p> Mdintoin proper vec levels: Result: oe jigne ding Te 44! Adder and subbootr ore designed YOO as sult Were compare d with yen CO compared With he wefe land experimental ve! Values apatied input signal Tae correspon” i \ op-amp and Noltage im a compared using am) ding wove forms were nate d= USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner —— @ scanned with OKEN Scanner —.t ww alos — — horny " PPametion qenevaten ued 1 OP Arps | Al: Aluely 6 eS YOSpoampls af fare tion, ype Chak faddurey, | felons SpecTHic mane fives fab lest pangevor ier a uit elt | sae of Nequeneiens | APpavatusy Ir Panetion. Genevatay ‘Tp ere Pe iqitel mwdtinieler My Cemnee ting Unfvetic be ftheew ys fea Magne) generator tol panduces Fanetian generatoy ok Ot vavions specific waveforms far deat parpest Yange af Wequene Tete Squoave wove qereve alow! Ty Carapayleay Le Sine move oncalors, ayy ode : fs Jorced 1 } [Jovave signals Ov generated hen ny he fn Aloiidated teqians thol jyetaee ns rvsa tana -“not 6 tye outpuk of opevate '§ a ecaMing lop-amp. Qyee dd Lo sting equant ave aulpal + casing CoA ane chest ayange rene alo ivy Squave J Ale gencdatos Tlangulay lave geneventon # of 0 Wangular viove generator The etre url ovvangnae nyt fy shown tn fige 4 SytaKe vlowe fonn the square wane gtne autor for the tteqralor has been chosen The Pe Hn Censtant us ator ena 7 IAIAMA COLL GL aL CHaM IE LIMNG & TelMOloG? Wu TonOLADUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Piece monn dees | ‘Te ——4 4 toe Lag PL i ~, 8 tee j \ / : ‘ en + IS Ha J SF 3X j v De @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Taz] ++ t[virl ti oe “el @ scanned with OKEN Scanner daw: a} [23 EXP. No.Qyy 3 In Sochq way That it is Nesy Small Value incoming Square for a given Compared to The time pesiod of the basic operation of integrator a tangulay ware. WONE -Foy The uase wave input iS Proceduve < kit to make the 230V AL main and Isconnect toiney 1 ISuitch on the Sopply ; ne Ohexve The cutput of Sine wove generator. FF Sona! Shape a fust te gam ino fs obto- iS Hot Comming oF distorted ee tyimpot provide d on fe unit o goo g ined I observe the output | Jland measure the output signal he £ tre Square wave generator ° ater Orvell ueGIe WANE ys olseave the output of the a ne put sigral + | tmanguiar wave generated Oy ad y fran” ¢ the Blangular wave sing ° , 5 measuse the frequency CRO* USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner bate: hao Applications: Hsquare wave genera tox )2+ Triangutay wie ve, geneuakay. B Sine Wave genexatos- Precautions: IF Readings shoud be taken usithout paralias 460% | || oa yt% Sopply. | P= check the Connections befose givéng The Pow Result: Hence Gnetion genera using op-amp rc#H1 1S vesibee Ond graphaze dawn, NX dw | Gon | || J USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner low pass f1ter = : : F | Ty | F output | Expected wave fosms t vottoge goin(s@? 10 ° oO ~ed® decade 20 30 4o fond bond ° 10 oo KH Freq (2) Frequency Response of St ordex Lowpass filters @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date: Q]g] 9 5: Active Filtey applica tions Fivst ovdex- Aion si To design, construct and plot the fequency of las Ei : First orded Low pase filtes with cut-off frequency Siz bt First order high pass fiter with o cul: OFF frequency of We, Apparatus Yequived: \ Bread Board 2+ Function Generator *\ cathode ay osctiiosco pe (om H2 [ 3omu2), CRO Prohts w Regulate d POwWeS Supply Crual channel = 5+ Connecting wires G Recade Resistance BOX A Resistors - tok each a , kMeach-! a= Capacttors- a-1NE cach -1, COE -I Theory 3 A First ordes filte ke connected input texrminal of op-amp % the filtex th pass bond: the ¥ Consists of a Single RE netuor 4 sistoxs Ri to the non- investing mine tre gain of and @F dete determine the cut OF FE ney of corm ponent Rand F frequency Fitew- uo he civcuit of BE or des (ow Pass Fitex Low pass filtes: land i's frequency xesponse + The dosted cusve dicates the [deal sespon Se Gnd Sole ou indicates Practica | ideal Chara- Ae ree es not possible to achieve aye typically Specific d by The VO (tage. berishes- active Fitess USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Expected wave forrng qpintn ld & dedks deen re, I leap’ phage ' J baer f bang a eee leypenegtinn See é yay Getter Oh Wh ect . 4 Rang onde igh yes tite @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date: loghs, EXP. No.a8, 16 Transfex function: ic ‘ igh Boss Fitex® The Streutt of Stordey high pass Mites and res Frequency Sponge The dashed cusve indicates the tdeal Response and solid Curve indicates practical Rites zSponse- high pass Fil tes, the When an input Signal ts applied to d Through circutt ond Signals at high frequencies are Passe Signals at tow fiequenctes ave wejected: Proceduse : Low poss filte: 7 board lk Connect WK on down tn Rg-t on the betad bear b- Switch on the powes Supply and Opply +isv_ to Pin horF and -I8V to pin nod of TCAHI Ss Apply O sinewave Input signal ts 2 Peak - to- Peak Groptitude from function genesatos+ yeconnect the cRo at the output texminals. SIncvease the [nput signal frequency fn steps from loz to IMHZ and ObSesve The cossesfonding output whinge of the Rites and tobulate the sesultS g calculate the gain of the Siltex from xX pesiment. sesults- ae plot the Frequency wesponst cuwe of the low pass “Pp Fikes USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner t, ayy arwe ev exe ax we 8y are tt are ey Brews ev @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ‘oa Frou : i i Pr ; QP @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Wah pass livtes : Foonnecet the chvatt on the bread boar Je Seite an Ue pores Supply and apply Hoy ta pin no-F And Sv tO pin noe of The Tea of WV peak ta Peak ampli tude, “APPLY A sine WOVE AYU Sfqnat ) fom We finetion generator HH conmect the Ra at Catput texrminals. catewtate The goin of Filtex fom the ckpedimental TeSUlts Ji prot the ‘Beguemey responce cue of te high pass Mites huith the experimental wesults. h ! Precautions: Jischeck the connections — be fore ng the powes Supply. 2 Reading shoud be taken with out parallax errors HResuits: the first ovdes bow pass filte€s and high pass filles designed for @-Choosen Cut -oFF- Frequency feSponse. between Voltage gatn cde) and fequency. @ @Xo~ Cusves are plotled USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ——o Me cout rout for Iweky ee @ scanned with OKEN Scanner w chal, tr te OG Ge ICV OSC ator CiveuIts P ] Re phoce shitt. ek} | tras Yo Study The Opexation of RE phase ShIML using TH | : t ce fequency of oscinotet || OP-Gmp and to detesmine Uh precy | Apparatus Requived : I Breaed Board Pr Requiated! BE powers Supply & a CRO Me Connecting wires. | 2 SOmponentS Require lz | Town ina Resfgtox He INO | foo k.o INO || 23k. 3NO Capacitos oluk Sve @ Theory kc- phase shift + Me 4 ach contist of an op-omp OS phase shift oncitinto% a a three RE sections cascaded retuioe : . 2 el s eT provides feed bork valtoge from the feedback Celt Lb tre amplifies the output fe tnpul oO the output back to pu i n de- Le acd in mves bing mo f | is used : any Signal that occurg at the investing) These fose, oO | : oe Shift Bequise d fox te ‘ by 180° phase teprninalS {S shifted bY oscillation: USHARAMA COLLEGE OF srr NitE TANG & TECHNOL @ scanned with OKEN Scanner _) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner POE evaitinta 6 reat beophace Shee i | | | | i i i I I \ i I oT peqees | YAN KA COLLEGE UF ENUINEEKING & 1ELHNULUGT (AU IUrIUTAUUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date: i¢lala3, : Proce duye, Re phase shift: connect the Cireuil as pen cireutt diagram 2 connect the ascitloscope at — aulput texminals Vo, obsenve Sine wave+ ss Recovd the output Waveform and compase theositica | ond Pasetical frequency a t once Precautionss. Ie Conneet Should be given propesly - Results : : a apevation of RC Phase shift osciiatox using i detesmi- lop-amp tS Studied and fequengy OF esciiatoy ase . @ USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHINOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) poo} @ scanned with OKEN Scanner dle sau, SSSOL + aya vasouow 63p gress Hunn at Neon tusoxBos 41ND @ scanned with OKEN Scanner F-ICSSS - Timer monostable: Openation civeult- Mmenosiable multivibratar using to gel Date: 23|8[23 r=) XP. No. OF i 29 aim: To design comsee, pulse output: Apparatus: Ik CRO 2 Requiated Bc power Supply FS Functton generator Hs Bread Roarad IS- connec ting wittes Components require Tesss -1 Resistor chek 2 Capoct tex Conf) _ 9, Theory: The 555 times used in numbey of applicatvons it Can be Used as monostable, AStable multivibrators, B¢ to be converter , digital to logic gates, Analog ficquency meters Voltage re gulatorsand time clelay circuits. The e958 tme jg 8-PIN Te and Tt Can operate tm fice running AStable mode Cor) non Shot mode it Produce accurate nal highty Stable time pin con figurat- GH of monoStable mu itivibratar- Pulse width Ep Clriggey fn put must be Smalley ty high State d until the set time te tp= FIRC USIIA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Expected wave fams2 nave IOV omg: annie Amplit -vimepenfad: Amplthides BORN eT Fiance posto ds #44012 mS 10428 tn¢ anypltwle +g 2¥2 Se9 pent oat sh o-DeI-8beE¢ @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Mohostoble multivibvatoy usir ing Les55 Timer @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ite Shoahua, : i wes § beh i i | / VOMNIECE UNE Teint Hea ap dn amine dahil inerte Palins day Nig nha it y \ alah bed Vater h Ue cpa af Ue tekpael Gernatune | Vie satya | ' ihe SAP INY extent Uiqyeay taper fevnitnaed Ete eral é SMO AL tuna iatale wnt tive tee | | Pepe hte Me Weve sh ths igen tpageetE utvtbeage rae TE Ee VA vvttpa tare atten ringed piyeeeitnir } sey Ueenebieediy | nh pened Cpe bbe y Cree { He eanteatate Cea petal AN reanpmve EE rate [abe Toad vedi (ver tansy) | Fe Somme etiiney eel be ce twee bree duty Sooner cel Wa E ete eemmen (fat: wou vennnniabde, ence Hui btate Vegen Os prep daltons te he qeney nf Gee Thatt andl shveie Hiroe pevted Vorighy eatentale lene 180 ycatpaat, ssa forens ix ve | W) Cy ane ut _ USIA HAIMA COLLEOE OF EHH ING B FECHA OG (A1SFOHOKADE) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner eee ys ADISH F bry gree pee [ \ t + Soc aavh > s ose S andre «3 ¢# zr sss by 3 yer surosboig 4yn24s9 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ; - ENDL Oa 8+ Astable — Multivibrator using ji TESS5 Viners Aim 2% : © SeSIgH an astalle Multivibiatar aniyg Eesbh (ives to : . generate a square wave of hi boxer rhity Cyc le. Apparatus: IeCRO 2- Function generator > Regulate De power Supply [+ Bread Board : S Connecting” patch cards - Components + Te S58 2+ Resistors S Sk ! et Is- capacitor oo IF out t Meevy ® ts used fo pum bed al applications fl can The 555 fS 7 a edfgital astable mattivibyator Be to be conve v bevy 9) be used oS vollage wegula tox ® and logy fiequency meters ie and can ge pin Te fos] in one accurake logic probes circu € ressS me is shots lime delay Castabled mode 3 an Lbpesate in fee yunnin: pesate in £555 Can produce of con figuration, The pin delay ©8) OScillation Ss. highly Stable time USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner | savedorms | j oh | ' ) Xs ' ¢ Theoretical Caleulation les 6 CRA 1 RAE te» OF27dSNS bd © 0-22 F4mS: Tt ye Ts of604IMS, for bee EH Tea 2 RBC fos bG6kua ete VONE Gel Aine penfod e206 ath anyon Apaliigeles hE lage poentodd + O94 We Ve y Hoos) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Avdable Mallivhy cdi Henne Hen a tniety a | I be fut sored foals tedest Pe {jt “ Lritue + ft af tea tad | aad aw @ scanned with OKEN Scanner bate: 2s lala (A | : EXP, Nu.OB- 22 conn output com pax rou ivi ime pesiod and output waveforms: @ = oo fom yyee lo %vec Lo on Proceduac = 2% connect the CRO ls Record the Lr Measure land tote! lg. Compare ThE duty cycle total time period ang fequency O° a duty Cy proc tical valucse Preca u tion + bchec kK The connections clearly: ne avoid laos connections: Result? ; : Desigh J “ond gtudie d tesss Hmer is an agtable Signe calcuiate frequency of oscillators The time dusi i ing uihich Che capocitor charges | fine of the time te given &y tes OG Rr 1 RIE | Edo GAC RADE || | Ts lett Fe ype 5] CR RAC in Agus: ect The TCSs6 mode psiable as Shown in 200 ot output test minal ond obseyve The cites ond cenefofnS at pind acess The COP! « ther with sample output the Charge in time Cte) ond discharging tme td Hime Cte) Cet) with Hime pesiod: time Should Vo luc charging pratoy and aso USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner pyc val vee rt beet AN\- thor My aries) wove A ; wh. i wend ustog CAML fay + geet Wiggs a ' . i ne @ scanned with OKEN Scanner weal eae =n | [A Wigner chouitay. l i MOQ FOU || TOUS SSASEASE Qe kad BE WATE ge ea ng | SESSA ORONO oythiien i | | APNE, | t Remetton SLO DY | - SAEKE Oe SSD Sarpy, i PNR Shawne gee | e| ; RU Rok AE, || Se NAY TO cey SBWS rare I Soong Gres acd } CEOS IEE aN CRE oben | { | | | { | KN? | Q-otuksy | YES ALE Tokamal compatators ana tied | Ws Based al Wa though Rand Ra | He UBECY Comparater alll AT p at Avec and lowes | seshotass Thus, a Strewave oF STeeOt am pile : | to Preoute The reterener feve L causes | Tre intemal flip flop te attesngtety set and iese t | Breviding a square wave outputs | \ USHATEANA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING 8 TE CHINOLOAY (ALONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner wove fovenst : ' \ Bing waveforrs | ii Amplitude Theme pion 2 7 0:505= 1s axe oy Amplitudes 2-2% S len Time period; 2.2.0°5 s Frequency #102 2 vet» B Rive. 9 - sete beto2y TKO vere Vip = -h qv Csat + Wed) Q2+9 Hoo \uqp = 280¥ vutps F2N @ scanned with OKEN Scanner sb Shmitt bigger chreutts using e741 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner pate: 20108123, a) EXP. No. OF RR] 2S Proce dure + =) reconnect the Circuit ag Shown in &q: of Ie set function genesatoy output for Sine wave signal lamplitude at Vp-p Frequency at IKH2. note down the Be Set Ri, Ra Values of fixed positions and luctus in table and calculate theosetical value in tabular Coluran l4vatue, vi and notedosn The values Tn tabulay column ceo for input-output of ith sample form- 5 obsesve the Squase wave given input sinewave and wef and YH Values Ice note down the Pvactical values Vout, in tabular Column. precautions > F ANoTd loose Cannections- bs ReadingS Should be taken care fully- of Schmitt bigges Using Result: Hence, the OPE fon tcaut opesational amplifies 'S vesified- we? USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner SS -—_— Great phagvom, sy aL. i tote Fin atfagrans vhs LE we input —— Bh me rae 2 6 ap— Ne veo lp — » ne hate compeontes sp IF phate Gmpoonalo s fp te ol teloence ——e ab sttomal aipacitat ol) —b Ir SI extemal eelerence Lo @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ 6 Daterislalas, EXP. Nolo ih : l0- Ic 565 pLL Applications [=ll.} Aim: To calculate fee ranning frequency» capture ronge and ecked range of PLL system- Apparatus Required? lk CRO 2. Function Generator Be power sopply Jt COS beard) Bread Board S- Connecting wires. Components Required : & LMsé5 Ic - ING a- Resistors tokKL “INO EQ. -2NO S- Capacitors orluf - Ino © -oif ~ INO We - INO Theory: PLL consist of ii) 8 voltage. contotled asc ft) phase detector Ww) a fs pass Water» fitter and compares the input The phose detector or comparator the feedback frequency fout~ The output oF the to the phase difference voltage of a phase detector frequency 0r detector 18 Proportional hose g fo0T~ The output oetween fis on a de wltage ond ‘theebre © often refersed to las the error voltage- USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner At) Free Running ‘ange Theoretical calculatfon = le pree Running Race for $2 Rye a Hee cy sore fan Siok Tica 3 mio” #98 1x 104 fo: 638-29H2 fy. Bfolv » 9x638-2%/'0 m= S10 GBH, @ scanned with OKEN Scanner w Fa Date: ae 319125 EXP. No. 10, Tre output of phase detector 7S then apptie d | to the Lpy, which temaves the high frequency noise ond roduces a oc level nr maintain locks The Yonge Frequencies over which the pl Co Track Renge”™ with incoming signal is called * Lock range oF Trac ang | £12 Bfo Vv Procedure of L565, | Apply 4sv to pin to and -Sv_ to pint a+ connect 212 WEN resistor from Hing to Io And Coot capacttor from ping tol [s+ connect wo yet fom pina and pind to ground: PM: Connect pint (Veofop) to CRo and measure Te frequency. This Requency is called the free running frequen gy fo- S-calculate fo Thearetically using formula fot 2/4 AC. and compare it wilh practical value- I connect BINY (Veolop) to Channe! 2 of CRO. input with an amplitude of CRo- ¥ oy A APPY square wave at the oF 2Vpp land also connect TE He Channel! la vary the input ¥o-tae in steps and measure Ths comespanding outrul Lisqien la. calculate lock Yonge , FL and capture Yonge, fo Theore fealty using formule fis Bfofyu2 where V=4v-Gv) Fo: LEL| (2mxa-6x w3x ey! USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner 2+ cophye rquency 1a, toc ted Fegoeo th | Fer Cfufrme sca? mie) J | ge ra fureice ate » [S068 |anv ace fom 64] sepfayso%e?! | upyient foe worn | . : ty tly foe Mal xioauP on ie? te eae to for 2o0ne | RDU sagen] Aarge for UruieHe 1 s4il fue ahah : . fo: Ltaftan x 3-64! aye oxsvofie es jones oad Tes © ' ae ie fi fee PEM L re = Chef cam ea-Gxi?x (or no))} 7» (20 fram acer eds form wo)" | | ic = 328-7362 | Tobols fom | | So | “apt outpt | [ice sunny sour to | Hequency vange Pooltz ome Sto-Gar2. | for c3e-20n2 ||! | A i dD | @phoe cheguen oy Boortz fo tke | 325-7342 Bus HD | tonge fo + B00H2 4 | 32 [decteal Requeny | ie fraenz | rerse re Bszeue, \ oo —______ a) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date: | hi. bs, 2 aa = EXP, No. 10 | Compare theoretical ond — pratical values Results, Free Yunning thequeneys locked rong Avequency on i compane cl Cop ture range of pil ane measuyed pratically ond ‘om Pp‘ with theore tical Values: . Oy, YP Cos\o0 oN a USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Circuit diogarns Mt i o ea eo i" af~2 6 HL q VEE ee ig i a x a 2 " i = Jy da da > ise mse figt 2-22 loddex Dac Tabular for 3 pense ae Waa) mesre bea) proctica| ° ° M7 : : . : i" i oH 2-22 ° ° 1 On| ee oe _- 363 oe ° ° ' i : ' ° o | -ras 4 i" é yf 2292 ~6-34 ° i 1 oO | -2-327 ~6-qo c i , | | ost - 9662 \ 0 0 oO | -3°636 oe ' c ° | | -4 080 ~ to-04 : C 1 o | -4ses = 105 | : ' 1 | -4a94 = 12-04 1 1 ° o | 59454 - 12-52 : 1 co 1} | -S- 908 ~ 13642. / i \ 1 1 Oo | - 6+ 363 elas Lf. ' 1 t lee | 6 BIB = 482. @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Sib aha TDL TF TAO TLD isIE @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner exe Me procedure 5 wconncet The Cheait ag Aeon ty qure ‘ evi hoard ane Py Wry the Inputs 4.8.6.0 fam froin’ oe appttd mete down Out—rrs and at ping for {yes ov pF Repeat ik and continous tating the teading i formula Wee PbS 4 abe oe Mb + bs b / \ 8 e e USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner tiv teen That mite Oe AAA AANA LOO R ERIE, & ELON CI ‘pov emt nerve @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Multi plexes Bo |e : , oo ly a thot, rcquie, —| [> Se Ac sp ay & o—___}y, a tye 6 selection tn Cr Oty ., aj lection +8 oo] 1 ap Giaunel Observation Table Yi Mux . 1 Selection Fes | crople pin | Input | outeal SA Sat Fo, ne Be Be Ye » x x x x 0 ° : I x x x I O C oO | x ' e x 1 ° x 1 x oO ¥ 1 o oC ryt ! » x o * \ een a @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date:2olq|23 EXP. No. 1D. 7 . (25 4E1 Multiplexer and (24 Dermultiplexer Ain : To design a 421 muttipiextr and 4 derultiplexcr and herify 7's operation using TewHiss and TCIH!5S Apparatus required: Ik Multiptexer and — de- multiplexer taines kit p- connecting use S Is- power Sup ply: omponents Required: p> Icquiss - INO bs Toqs3 - IN b> LED'S Theory ¢ Multiplexers, 1a Multiplexer means many into one- A multiplexer iS O circure Used to Select and toute any one of the several foput signals to a Single output dle two types of data fe, Analog land digitol + For analog apt wGltons, Muitiplexers are built ustng applications, they Mulfiplexcts Con han: yelays and transistors fattches For digital axe bullt from Standard logic gates + Ut multiplexer has Yinput bits» aeontol or Select wits and | output biES - The four input bits ore Do, D1, O2/ Ds lonly one of ts 1S Uonsmitied t the output Y- USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY AUTONOMOUS 1 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner «ow é J | * » « + : an @ scanned with OKEN Scanner EXP, No.1, Oe- Multiplexer: De- muttipkerer means one to many 4 demure : “i aply ig © cheuit with one fapat ard many outpats BY APPEND | iq a the outputs FEE Condol Signal, we can Steer any ipa i } tor, Hots Res: types of — demuitiplerer are 1tO7> a i . onto lt Gr te 4 demutiplexer has | inpa tet eet ttIE su demu 8 wes. 14 demos FS Hselect bits and 4 catpat biTS see ts hansmitted quis dota bit ts bos | as data D+ W TCAUISS= The input Ts labelled lta the selected outputtine- I | Procecture: ) 43 | Multiplexer i i Bo Co and [Apply The input to the input ee of Ao 1 Bo Ib-set the enable pin Go to (gic 'O the LED ; Reconnect the output Yo to ME 5° oe by wong Syeat le wow verify the bath table of the Nines: Truth Table? Y La] 8 c o ' USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner E/P Wo V0. 4 Be tuiticlver: = te Apphy We inputs to date ond 2 fre data OL he ena we pla Go ta bagic o', le 7 + Bieta nee: tr Conwect Ge lection lines 61,5 £6 Uy He tans take the. cates amas OWnr,42 to the LEO vethy the tathtnhle of Cer Tisth Tales : output Bata <6 Ta | | 1 jo \ ja |t | Precaution s+ Ir Loose Connections Should fe ovotded be check connections before giving MPPly~ | | Result? HE 1 fence ae Uo (4 pe muitiplece ore | algo verified by USing tut table. hae designe d and it's operation Ge | y | | | USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ELIGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Integrator - am ——L_| Po | 4 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date:2oliol 23 EXP. No.0 | le Integrator and difiexentiator using Multisim Software Aim: Te design consbuct and verify The response oF 9) Integroter USing EP-amp TCI4( For sine and Square wave, \kHZ fleguency [Scfhuore tool required? Muttisim software - 10°! Theory: A circuit in which output Voltage waveforms iS in integrator of input is colle d integra tor / Ro The above equation indicates the output Voltage @S Apptoxi- input Voltage and directly The Stability and low Freq ueng, mn of resistors. mate to negative integral of Proportional to ConStant ge add lof rol off problem co Procedure s Ik open multisim software on the desktop ls open the new tool present in design tool bar 3+ Now, Select required no-of resister, capacitor from resistor Sym bol present in fool bar. us click on The op-amp symbol to place Tcsy, I5-ciickon The Power Source ang select the Voltage, Source with +Sv¥ I6- Now place all Components oS per circuit diagtam and lovexage then in order a Select the CRO fiom vight side of tool box avedage Chen nin ov dey @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Some @ scanned with OKEN Scanner yng 0400102240 ON 3 = 62 AGI I~ E.G 29H BES EAPO AD — : : sens : oxeria 49 D9A, : . jaeeeaa seaman tr 198% [eet SSCCe] ——_ vmmms @¢[-es-aale = @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ‘al i 7 FY Sl al i Jecdegeae é¢lew-eal~ ier a @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Wee! : -o8l | 6(MLE Date: 7 ate: 2o|10 23, EXP, No. 02 f 2. Function generator using moitisimn Software. Ain: To design a function generator using multisim software software tool requived Multisim - 10 +1 Theory ¢ : Function generator is a Signal generator that produces Norious specific waveforms for test purpose over a wide range of frequencies Kquare wave generate r+ In ampayision to SThe vw wahen The opamp iS forced That is The output of the opamp is in Square wove ave oscitiaters, SQVae Wave Signals ave generated to operate in ‘satwated vegion= gok ond ~\sat resulting forced to suing between + V! : output The cheuit arrangement oF @ square GAVE gencro Using ICFs Tiangular wave generators Sreutt arrongement of Wianguloy wave The Gi square Wave generator tg Shown In FQ- a squore Wave fiom The generator The Re Hme constant for the integrator has be choosen Tk iS Very gmoit value Compored to TE fn Socha wey thot te baste operate] Hime perio lof the incoming $q uae Uave- For is a friengulan wave - of Integrator for a Squont wove input Iproceclure $ witisim eet Software fF Open P ta design tool box nestool piesen E syed norot Components from tool Is. new Select vequi bh and select ond the CcComponn ts ond place it 2+ open bex. ys click on the Scone 5- Now Select the Powe Source 6 Now place ath The components fn order AS po the Greuit diagram > USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMaUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ne ea me ye fu fle : I Yr op See ig-e>-2 jecoass i | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Re phase shift @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Date: 2oltoh3 - S TcqHt software tool tequived t Multisin -lo+! [Theory « tack to the input of the imo ae + Trerefore, ony sig bidge osctiator fiorn the. that the fequency signa \ et Fo 2mRC at the F/e factor cee te practice point oF pur Aims To design and Simvlate ICHH shift and wein bridge osciilator: Re- phase Shift: phase shift oscillator larplying stage and three ® feedback civcuTt that provides is shifled by 180" Phase shift required The most Commonly used Gudio fequency osciiiatoy is win figure show) above tt may be noted cheuits ts c@nnected 4 te lrosttive dermfnal so that the op-amp fs working hmpiifier+ Therefore the fequency network reeds FO lchift- the circuit Can be Viewed as o fier most bave o EXP, No.0 =| Ostiliator Circuits Re phase shift - wein bridge oscitiator 1 oscitiater cireuits eC phase y consist of an op-omP as the Cee oe ae om The output in Inverting ¢ sections feedkack voltage 4 output 1S Use arnplt ers inverting terminals feat occurs at the for oscillation: in the as non-inverting povi de any Phase wein bridge to “3+ Therefore for Svstained ws equal gain of 3+ However for USHA RAMA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (AUTONOMOUS) @ scanned with OKEN Scanner @ scanned with OKEN Scanner Sara aT @ scanned with OKEN Scanner a FCC OESTS] some, aveee

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