Chapter 1

Company Profile
1.1 About Company

By delivering Gujarat’s finest commercial and residential spaces, Pramukh Group has been successful in carving
a niche in the state. With a major presence in Surat, Vapi and Silvassa, the group has been pioneering the real
estate sector of Gujarat by exceeding the expectations of its clients.

In order to continuously innovate and offer the best of all, Pramukh Group uses an integrated approach focusing
on extensive market research and consumer insights. To ensure a seamless process for the customer, the group
studies each group and their requirements. Every single project is well-planned, well-located and well-executed
to deliver the maximum satisfaction.

Pramukh Group has not only contributed in terms of well planned contemporarily designed properties, but also
brilliantly titled and developed an area called New Chala. The Group has made major contributions to the
development of the city.

1.2 Awards
Pramukh Group has received several awards by achieving various milestones.

Architect of the Year award Excellence in delivery award Most renowned group of
for Orbit 1 for Orbit 1 south Gujarat
Realty Plus 2019 Realty Plus 2019 At Real Icons by Divya Bhaskar
2019

Swachhta hi Seva 2019 Excellence in delivery award Iconic Project (Residential) for
Surat Municipal Corporation Realty Plus 2018 Pramukh Greens
2019 Realty Plus 20172 | P a g e
1.3 Mission
To be the leader in providing the best infrastructure and eventually change the skyline of Gujarat and to provide
premium housing and commercial spaces with high quality standards and a contemporary lifestyle, at the best
affordable prices

1.4 Projects

Orbit 1, Surat Orbit Plaza, Surat Amaya, Surat

Green Country, Vapi Vivan, Vapi Pramukh Aura, Vapi

Harmony, Silvassa Yogi Woods, Silvassa Meadows, Silvassa

1.5 Office Address

Pramukh House,
Near Mamta Hospital,
Vapi Daman Road, Chala,
Vapi – 396191

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1.6 Project Overview

1.6.1 Key plan

1.6.2 Project Details

Site Location : Pramukh Swarit, Nr. Suryavanshi mall, Chala, Vapi, Gujarat (396191)
No. of Units : 46
Per Unit Cost : ₹1.75 Crores (approx.)

1.6.3 Site Facilities

• Site Office : A sales office and engineers office is available at site, where details, drawings, bill of items,
etc. are kept.
• Security Cabin : There is only one entry to the site and a security guard keeps record of in and out going
people and vehicles.

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 • Security Camera : There are several CCTV cams on site to keep track of and monitor activities on the
site, whose footage can be reviewed at site office and at main office.
• Electricity : Electricity is provided through main points and a DC generator is present at site in case of
power outage.
• Water : Potable water is pumped from ground using motorized bore and is available 24 hours.
• Medical Facilities : First aid box is available on site which can be used by all working staff and labors.
• Equipment Storage : The company’s equipment are stored in a shed near site office.

1.6.4 View after Completion of Project

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1.6.5 Drawing and Details

Structural Drawing Masonry Drawing

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 Chapter 2
Construction Materials

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2.1 Water
• Description : Water is the most basic material needed for almost every other activities. Being available
in abundance helps in saving overall cost and acts as important material for various activities. Water
available at site is clean and potable and suitable for all kinds of activities.
• Use : Its main use is damping of bricks, plaster and curing of concrete. Other use includes use a basic
material for mortar and concrete and drinking, sanitary facilities, etc.
• Loading : Since water is pumped from ground, it is easily transported through pipes or with use of
barrels if necessary.
• Quality : Water used at site must be of less hardness and have near to neutral pH value, and have no
deleterious materials.

2.2 Cement
• Description :
o Cement is a binding material that, when
mixed with water, forms a paste that can
harden and bind together other materials.
o Cement type used at site is Portland
Pozzolana Cement.
o It is a type of cement that combines
Portland cement clinker with pozzolanic
materials.
o Pozzolanic materials, such as fly ash,
volcanic ash, or silica fume, are added to
the cement mixture.
o This combination enhances the properties
of the cement, such as durability,
workability, and resistance to sulfate and
chloride attacks.
• Use : Main use of cement includes production of concrete, cement mortar, plaster work, water
proofing, grout, etc.
• Loading : It is transported in head pan or wheel barrow to the location of activity
• Storage: It is stored near to location of upcoming or ongoing activity with a damp proof sheet
covering it.
• Manufacturer : Wonder Cement
• Cost : ₹525/bag of 50 kg
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 • IS code : IS 1489 Part 1 (Specifications)
• On Site Quality Checks:
o Cement in inventory must remain dry.
o Cement should have grey to light grey color.
o It should feel like powder when rubbed between fingers and should be free from lumps.
o %Fly ash addition should not exceed 35%
• Other Tests as per IS 1489 Part 1 :
o Fineness Test: The cement shall have a minimum specific surface area of 225 square meters
per kilogram using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus.
o Soundness Test: The cement shall not have an expansion of more than 10 mm when tested by
Le Chatelier apparatus.
o Setting Time Test:
▪ Initial Setting Time: The cement paste shall not set before 30 minutes.
▪ Final Setting Time: The cement paste shall set within a maximum of 600 minutes.
o The compressive strength of cement at 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days shall comply with
specified minimum values. (53 grade here)
o Chemical Requirements:
▪ The chemical composition of PPC, including the minimum percentages of silica,
alumina, iron oxide, and magnesia, shall meet the specified requirements.
▪ The loss on ignition (LOI) shall not exceed 5% by mass.

2.3 Fine Aggregate

• Description :
o Fine aggregates, also known as sand or screenings, are granular materials with particle sizes
smaller than 4.75 millimeters (mm). They are commonly used in construction for various
applications, especially in concrete mixes, mortar, and asphalt mixes.
o Fine aggregates are primarily composed of natural sand, crushed stone sand, or crushed
gravel sand.
o Fine aggregates can have various shapes and textures, depending on their source. They may
be angular, rounded, or sub-angular in shape.
o Well-graded sand with a balanced distribution of particle sizes helps improve workability,
strength, and durability of the concrete.
• Uses : Fine Aggregates are used to prepare mixes for concrete and mortar commonly and it also has
other uses like bedding material for tiles, filler material, landscaping, etc.

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 • Loading : For transferring large quantities to job site, a loader is used and for smaller quantities,
head pan and barrows are used.
• Storage : Fine aggregates are stored in open spaces available on site which is accessible and doesn’t
cause hinderance to working route.
• Cost :
o Concrete Sand : ₹820/ton
o White Sand : ₹1500/ton
• IS Code : IS 383 2016 (Specifications)
• Tests as per IS 2386 :
o Part 1 of this standard deals with methods for determination of particle size distribution of
aggregates, including fine aggregates, using sieves.
o Part 2 of this standard provides methods for determining the presence of deleterious materials
and organic impurities in aggregates, including fine aggregates.
o Part 3 of this standard covers methods for determining specific gravity, density, voids,
absorption, and bulking of aggregates, including fine aggregates.
o Part 4 of this standard deals with methods for determining mechanical properties such as
aggregate crushing value, aggregate impact value, and aggregate abrasion value for
aggregates, including fine aggregates.

2.4 Coarse Aggregate

• Description :
o Coarse aggregates are granular materials with particle sizes larger than 4.75 millimeters
(mm). They are an essential component of concrete, serving as the main structural filler and
providing bulk to the concrete mix.
o Coarse aggregates are primarily composed of crushed stone, gravel, or slag.
o Coarse aggregates can have various shapes and textures, depending on their source and
manufacturing process. They may be angular, rounded, or irregular in shape, with surface
textures ranging from rough to smooth.
o Well-graded aggregates with a balanced distribution of particle sizes help improve
workability, strength, and durability of the concrete.
• Uses : Coarse aggregates constitute a major component of concrete mixes, providing volume
stability, strength, and durability to the concrete. It is also used as sub base material for pavement
construction.

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• Loading : For transferring large quantities to job site, a loader is used and for smaller quantities,
head pan and barrows are used.
• Storage : Coarse aggregates are stored in open spaces available on site which is accessible and
doesn’t cause hinderance to working route.
• Cost :
o 10 mm : ₹730/ton
o 20 mm : ₹1000/ton
• IS Code : IS 383 2016 (Specifications)
• Tests as per IS 2386 :
o Part 1 of this standard deals with methods for determination of particle size distribution of
aggregates, using sieves.
o Part 2 of this standard provides methods for determining the presence of deleterious materials
and organic impurities in aggregates.
o Part 3 of this standard covers methods for determining specific gravity, density, voids,
absorption, and bulking of aggregates.
o Part 4 of this standard deals with methods for determining mechanical properties such as
aggregate crushing value, aggregate impact value, and aggregate abrasion value for
aggregates.

Storage of Coarse and Fine aggregates

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2.5 Reinforcement Bars
• Description :
o Reinforcement bars, commonly known as rebars, are essential components in reinforced
concrete and masonry structures. They provide tensile strength to the structure, reinforcing
1it against bending and shear forces.
o These bars have deformations or ribs along their surface to improve the bond between the
steel and concrete.
o Reinforcement bars are available in various diameters and the most commonly used
diameters in construction projects are 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 20 mm, and 25 mm.
o Reinforcement bars are usually manufactured in standard lengths like 12m.
• Uses : Reinforcement bars are used in various structures such as beams, columns, slabs, and
foundations and Masonry construction for providing additional strength and stability to walls and
structural elements.
• Loading : It is generally manually loaded unless it is to be transferred in bulk.
• Storage : It is stored near to job site.
• Manufacturer : Sarvashakti TMT bars.
• Cost : ₹50/kg
• IS Code : IS 1786 2008 (Specifications)
• Rebars used at site :
o 8mm (Fe500)
o 10mm (Fe500)
o 12mm (Fe500)
o 16mm (Fe500)

A Section view of Beam with different reinforcements

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2.6 Formwork Materials
1) Plywood
a) Description :
• 12mm plywood used in formwork is typically made from layers of thin wood veneers bonded
together with an adhesive, usually phenolic resin.
• The standard size of a plywood sheet is 4 feet by 8 feet (1220mm x 2440mm),
• Plywood used in formwork have a smooth which allows for easy removal of concrete after
curing.
• Plywood used in formwork should conform to relevant quality standards and grading
classifications.
• Proper handling and storage of plywood are crucial to maintain its quality and performance.
Plywood sheets should be stored flat on a level surface, protected from moisture, direct
sunlight, and extreme temperatures.
• Depending on the care and maintenance practices followed, 12mm plywood used in
formwork may be used for 3 times.
b) Cost : ₹42/piece
c) Use : 3 times
d) Size : 12mm 8ft x 4 ft

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2) Wood Planks
a) Description :
• Wooden planks used in formwork are typically made from hardwood or softwood lumber,
such as pine, spruce, fir, or oak. Hardwood planks are preferred for their durability and
strength, while softwood planks are more economical and readily available.
• It is typically available in 30mm thickness and 100 to 150 mm width with variable lengths.
• The moisture content of wooden planks should be within the recommended range to ensure
dimensional stability and structural integrity during use.
• Planks should be stored flat on a level surface, protected from moisture, direct sunlight, and
extreme temperatures. Care should be taken to avoid bending, warping, or damage to the
planks during transportation and handling.
b) Cost : ₹55/piece

3) Steel Plates
a) Description :
• Steel plates used in formwork are typically made from high-strength carbon steel or alloy
steel to withstand the loads and pressures exerted during concrete pouring and curing.
• A plain surface provides a smooth finish for concrete walls and columns.
• To enhance durability and resistance to corrosion, steel plates used in formwork may be
treated with protective coatings or finishes such as galvanizing, painting, or powder coating.
• Steel plates used in formwork are durable and reusable, making them a cost-effective and
sustainable solution for construction projects.
• Proper cleaning, maintenance, and storage of steel plates after each use can extend their
lifespan and ensure consistent performance in subsequent formwork applications.
b) Cost : ₹60/kg

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 c) Size : 600 x 900 mm

4) Props
• Timber props, also known as shoring props or acro props, are essential components in
formwork construction, providing temporary support to formwork systems during concrete
pouring and curing.
• Timber props are typically made from high-quality timber species such as pine, spruce, or
hardwoods like oak or beech.
• Timber props come in various sizes and lengths to accommodate different formwork heights
and support requirements. Common sizes range from 1 meter to 6 meters in length.
• Props should be selected based on their rated load capacity to ensure safe and reliable support
of formwork systems and concrete loads.
• Timber props should be properly braced and supported to prevent lateral movement and
instability during formwork operations. Diagonal bracing, cross-bracing, or tie rods may be
used to enhance the stability and rigidity of the props, especially for taller formwork systems
or in windy conditions.

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2.7 Bricks
• Bricks are one of the oldest and most commonly used building materials in construction. They are
rectangular blocks made from various materials, typically clay, shale, concrete, or sand-lime, that
are hardened by heat or pressure.
• They are available in sizes like 230 x 75 mm (for 6 inches) and 190 x 90 mm (for 4 inches).
• Some on site tests to check brick quality :
o Bricks with visible defects should be rejected as they may compromise the structural
integrity and aesthetics of the construction.
o The water absorption of bricks is determined by immersing the bricks in water for a specified
period and then measuring the weight gain. Excessive water absorption can indicate poor
quality or porous bricks.
o Bricks should produce a clear, ringing sound when struck, indicating good quality and
structural integrity.
o The appearance and finish of bricks are assessed visually to ensure uniform color, texture,
and surface finish.

Brick Masonry Work and Bricks Stored nearby

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2.8 AAC Blocks
• AAC (Autoclaved Aerated Concrete) blocks are lightweight, precast, concrete building blocks
made from a combination of sand, cement, lime, gypsum, aluminum powder, and water.
• AAC blocks are significantly lighter than traditional clay bricks or concrete blocks, making them
easier to handle, transport, and install.
• The porous structure of AAC blocks provides excellent thermal insulation properties, helping to
regulate indoor temperatures and reduce energy consumption for heating and cooling.
• Despite being lightweight, AAC blocks have sufficient compressive strength to support structural
loads in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings.
• AAC blocks can be easily cut, drilled, and shaped using conventional tools, allowing for precise
construction and detailing.
• Their cost is ₹6705/m3 that is ₹66.67/block
• They need special bonding material than traditional mortar, called block adhesive.

2.9 Other Materials

1) Covers
• Cover blocks are small concrete spacers placed on the reinforcement bars (rebars) in reinforced
concrete structures to ensure that the reinforcement is adequately covered by concrete.
• They help maintain the specified concrete cover thickness around the reinforcement, which is
essential for ensuring the structural integrity and durability of the concrete elements.
• Different covers used at site are :
(1) 50 mm for footing
(2) 40 mm for column

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 (3) 25 mm for beam
(4) 20 mm for slab

2) Oil/Lubricant
• The use of oil or lubricants helps prevent the adhesion of concrete to the formwork, allowing for
easier and smoother demolding without damaging the concrete surface.
• Mineral oil, also known as white oil or paraffinic oil, is a commonly used lubricant in formwork
construction. It is a clear, odorless, and non-toxic oil derived from petroleum.

3) Binding wires
• These wires play a crucial role in ensuring that the rebars are properly aligned and spaced according
to the structural design requirements.
• Binding wires are typically made of mild steel or stainless steel. Mild steel binding wires are
commonly used due to their availability, affordability, and ease of handling.
• Binding wires are typically supplied in coil form, and the length of the wire required for each tie
depends on the size and spacing of the rebars being tied.

4) Conduiting Pipes
• Conduiting pipes, also known as electrical conduit pipes or simply conduits, are hollow tubes used
to enclose and protect electrical wiring and cables in buildings, infrastructure, and industrial
facilities.
• Conduiting pipes come in various sizes, typically ranging from 1/2 inch to 6 inches in diameter,
although larger sizes are available for special applications.
• Conduiting pipes are joined together and connected to electrical boxes, outlets, switches, and other
components using fittings and accessories.

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 Chapter 3
Tools, Equipment’s
and Machineries

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3.1 Manual / Unpowered tools and equipment
Sr.no Tool Name Use Image
1 Axe It is used to cut pieces of
wood and mark hatching on
RCC structures.

2 Hoe It is used to place and spread

concrete and soil. Hoes can
also be used to clear away
debris, such as leaves, twigs,
or rocks, from soil or any
small waste materials.

3 Trowel trowels are used to apply and

spread mortar, concrete, or
other building materials.
They help in achieving a
smooth, even surface for
laying bricks, tiles, or paving
stones.

4 Float After applying plaster, the

float is used to smooth out the
surface, removing any
bumps, ridges, or
imperfections. It is also used
for final touch-ups and
refinements.

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5 Hammer Hammers are commonly
used to drive nails into wood,
concrete or other materials.
They can also be used in
demolition activities like ,
breaking tiles, concrete,
bricks, etc.

6 Rake Rakes are used to evenly

spread aggregates such as
gravel, sand, or crushed stone
over a construction site. It
ensures proper mixing of
aggregates with cement.

7 Crowbar Crowbar is used to pry into

and remove nails or
formwork which is attached
to concrete wood, etc. It
provides good leverage and
safe distance to work with.

8 Bar Bar bending key are mainly

Bending used to bend reinforcement
bars. It provides good
Key
leverage and are available in
different sizes.
9 Measuring Measuring tape is the most
Tape common and a must have tool
in the field of construction. It
helps in achieving required
dimensions in any work. It is
available in different lengths
from 3m to 100m.

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10 Plumb Bob Plumb bobs are used to check
the alignment of structural
components, such as walls,
beams, and columns. They
are also used to check center
below a point.

11 Clamps Clamps are used to secure

formwork or molds for
casting concrete structures,
such as walls, columns, and
beams. Clamps are used to
attach temporary support
braces or props to structural
components during
construction.

12 Head Pan Head pans are primarily used

for transporting construction
materials from one location
to another on the job site.
Workers can also use the head
pan to pour concrete into
formwork or fill small areas
with precision.

13 Marking It is commonly used to mark

Thread reference lines, gridlines, and
alignment points for
subsequent construction
activities like brick laying,
formwork alignment, setting
out of work, plaster work, etc.

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14 Level Tube When the instrument is
placed on a surface, the liquid
in the tube will seek a
position where the bubble is
centered between two marks.
If the bubble is centered, it
indicates that the surface is
level horizontally.

15 Leveling Pipe Leveling pipes are used to

check or transfer same level
from the reference point to
the point of interest. It works
on the principle that free
water maintains same level
regardless of the shape of the
container.

16 Walkway It is used as a platform which

Plank can be placed on scaffolding
or tripod. It allows workers to
walk or stand on it during
activities like brick masonry
or plaster work.

17 Sand Sieve Sand sieve is used to separate

out larger size sand particles
from smaller ones. It only
allows particles of dimension
smaller than 4.75mm to pass
through it.

18 Tripod It is an adjustable stand that

supports walkway plank and
is generally used for brick
masonry work, internal
plaster work, tiles work, etc.

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3.2 Powered equipment and Machinery
1) Transit Mixer
• Description
o A transit mixer, also known as a
concrete mixer truck or a cement
mixer truck, is a specialized vehicle
used for transporting ready-mixed
concrete from a concrete batching
plant to construction sites.
o These trucks are equipped with a
rotating drum or barrel that mixes the
concrete during transportation,
ensuring that it remains in a
homogeneous state until it is discharged at the construction site.
o The concrete is discharged from the transit mixer through the rear chute onto the desired location
at the construction site.
o The operator can control the rate and direction of discharge to ensure accurate placement of the
concrete.
• Manufacturer : KYB Conmat
• Model : MR60
• Technical Sketch and other details

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2) Concrete Pump
• Description
o A concrete pump is a specialized
piece of equipment used in
construction to transfer liquid
concrete, also known as ready-mixed
concrete, from a concrete mixer or
batch plant to the desired location on
a construction site.
o These pumps are designed to
efficiently and accurately deliver
concrete to areas that may be
difficult to reach using traditional methods, such as manual pouring or wheelbarrows.
o The operator controls the pump unit using the control panel, starting the hydraulic pump and
motor to begin pumping the concrete through the delivery hose to the pouring location.
o The concrete is discharged from the delivery hose onto the desired location, such as a foundation,
slab, or wall.
• Manufacturer : Putzmeister
• Model : BSA 1405 D
• Technical Sketch and other details

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3) Roller
• Description
o In construction, rollers used for
compaction are heavy-duty
machines designed to compact
soil, asphalt, or other materials to
increase their density and improve
their load-bearing capacity.
o Vibratory rollers are particularly
effective for compacting
cohesionless soils and achieving
higher densities in less time.
o The roller used at site is vibrating roller, equipped with vibratory system.
o The vibratory system typically includes eccentric weights or motors that generate oscillating
motion in the drum.
• Manufacturer : Case Construction
• Model : 1107 EX
• Technical Sketch and other details

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4) Backhoe Loader
• Description
o This are versatile machines used in
various industries for excavation,
loading, material handling, and
other tasks.
o Their rugged construction,
powerful performance, and range
of attachments make them valuable
assets on construction sites, farms,
and other work environments.
o These loaders are commonly used
for digging trenches, excavating foundations, grading, and other earthmoving tasks on
construction sites.
o The loader bucket attachment on backhoe loaders is used for loading trucks, stockpiling
materials, and transporting materials around the job site.
o The backhoe loaders can be equipped with hydraulic breakers and other demolition attachments
for breaking up concrete, asphalt, and other materials during demolition projects.
o The backhoe loaders can also be used for landscaping and site preparation tasks such as clearing
brush, grading terrain, and preparing building pads.
• Manufacturer : Joseph Cyril Bamford (JCB)
• Model : 3DX Super

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• Other details

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5) Needle Vibrator
• The vibrating needle, typically made of steel, is the
main component of the needle vibrator. It has a
cylindrical shape with a diameter of 40mm and is
attached to a flexible shaft connected to a power
source.
• The power source generates the vibrations that are
transmitted through the flexible shaft to the
vibrating needle.
• The operator may need to reposition the needle
vibrator at multiple locations within the concrete to
ensure complete compaction.
• They are particularly useful for compacting concrete
in confined spaces or areas with congested
reinforcement, where traditional methods of
compaction may be difficult or impractical.

6) Grinder
• Rebar cutter grinders are equipped with a cutting wheel
specifically designed to cut through steel reinforcing
bars.
• These cutting wheels are made of abrasive materials
such as carbide or diamond, which are capable of cutting
through the tough steel reinforcement.
• Rebar cutter grinders are equipped with safety guards to
protect the operator from flying debris and sparks
generated during the cutting process.
• Rebar grinders are commonly used in construction,
concrete reinforcement, and steel fabrication industries
for cutting reinforcing bars to size for various
applications, including concrete construction, masonry
work, and structural steel fabrication.

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7) Angle Grinder
• Angle grinders are versatile power tools commonly used
in construction for a variety of cutting, grinding, polishing,
and surface preparation tasks.
• They can be equipped with cutting discs or abrasive blades
designed for specific materials.
• In tile installation projects, angle grinders are used for
cutting and shaping ceramic, porcelain, and natural stone
tiles.
• Angle grinders are used for preparing weld joints by
removing rust, scale, and paint from metal surfaces.
• They are used to grind down welds, remove rust and paint
from metal surfaces, smooth rough edges, and shape
surfaces to the desired profile.

8) Hand Drill
• Hand drills are primarily used for drilling holes in various
materials, including wood, metal, plastic, and masonry.
• They are commonly used for tasks such as drilling pilot
holes for screws, creating holes for dowels and fasteners,
and drilling holes for wiring and plumbing installations.
• Hand drills are used for various general construction
tasks, such as assembling furniture, installing shelving,
hanging pictures and mirrors, and performing minor
repairs and maintenance around the job site.
• Hand drills are versatile and indispensable tools in the
construction field, offering precision, portability, and ease
of use for a wide range of drilling tasks.

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 Chapter 4
Construction Activities

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4.1 Column
1) Reinforcement
• The position and alignment of starter bars should
ensure.
• The rebar diameter, number and shape are to be as
per the approved drawing and bar bending
schedule.
• Rebar spacing and lap length should be as per
specified in approved structural drawing.
• Adequate concrete cover to be maintained in rebar
work
• Joints to be staggered to minimize congestion.
• Line and level to be check and rebar work should
have inspected prior to placing concrete.
• The boxes, shutters and cast in items to be place
and fixed securely to ensure that they do not move
while concreting.
• The whole area to be clean nicely and waste
binding wires, debris etc. to be remove from site.

2) Formwork
• All materials used for temporary formworks should be firm, strong and approved in quality.
• Shutter releasing agent to be apply for ease of stripping later.
• Shuttering done in perfect line and level and tolerances as specified in IS codes should be adhering too.
• Alignment can be achieving by tie rods placed correctly and checked for conformance prior to casting.
• Any gaps in shuttering to be close out to minimize grout loss-specially from bottom of column, at the
time of concreting.

3) Casting
• Target slump of 100 to 150mm shall achieved as per approved mix design.
• Concrete should be immediately compacted in its final position.
• Vibration should have done until the time that segregation does not happen.
• Pouring height should not exceed 1.5 m, pouring should carried out in layers.
• Each layer shall be compacted well to avoid formation of any joint.

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• All concrete covers should be as per available approved drawings, i.e. 40 mm.

4) Curing
• Curing should have started immediately after initial set of concrete and finishing as the free water
disappears from the concrete surface.
• Minimum 7 days curing should be done.
• Formwork should be removed after 24 hours of casting.
• Hatches with an axe should be made on the surface after formwork removal.

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4.2 Beam and Slab
1) Shuttering of Formwork
• Formworks shall be sufficiently rigid to withstand the design load maintaining the forms in their correct
position, shape and profile.
• The type and treatment of any lining (plywood, metal, plastics, etc.) to the forms shall be appropriate to
the concrete finish required.
• All formworks will be true to form, securely made and supported.
• All joints in the formwork and between the formwork and previous work will be sufficiently tight to
prevent loss of cement grout from the concrete.
• Formers for all chases, grooves, recesses, etc. will securely fixed as part of formwork.
• The face of the formwork will be clean and applied with approved non-staining release agent.
• Steel frame scaffolding will be erected outside and along the pour for placing and consolidating the
concrete Work Procedures will be prepared for typical pours for different elements of structure at each
Section with details of pour plan, concrete placing equipment, thickness of concrete layers, duration
between successive layers of concrete, provisions for protection of concrete from rain, etc.
• Design Consultant will have sought prior to concrete placing if deemed necessary.

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2) Reinforcement
• The reinforcing steel will conform to IS 1786.
• All reinforcement shall be free from mill scales, loose rust and coats of paints, oil, mud or any other
substances, which may destroy or reduce bond.
• These substances will have removed by scraping, shock treatment (dropping, hammering, and vibration)
and wire brushing.
• Reinforcement at the time of placing concrete will kept free of mud, mud being wash off before placing.
• Loose mortar adhering to the starter bars during concreting will washed off immediately after concreting.
• Mortar bonded tightly to the steel will removed by wire rushing.
• Grease or oil should remove by a propane torch, taking care not to overheat the bar, or wash off with
kerosene or gasoline with adequate safety precaution for such materials.
• Concrete spacers (spacer blocks will be of concrete of the same grade as the structural element) will tied
to the reinforcing bars to ensure the required concrete cover.
• Cover to reinforcement shall be as indicated on the construction drawings.
•
• The Rebar’s will be cut and bent as per bar bending schedule and fixed with tie wires.
• The first layer of bottom rebar will be laid and fix on spacer blocks.
• Cast-in items will installed and fixed to the bottom layer by spot welding.
• All subsequent layers of bottom rebar as per construction drawing will fixed.
• Bar chairs will have fixed to the uppermost layer of bottom bar.
• The top rebar with starter bars for columns and walls above will then laid fixed.

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3) Casting
• Transit mixers will
transport concrete from
the batching plant to the
area of placement.
• Water shall not add to the
concrete in the truck
mixture drum other than at
the batching plant.
• Concrete will be
continuously agitated
during transportation.
• Immediately prior to
concreting, cleaning of the
pour area will carried out. All debris, soil, excess formwork and rebar, bar chairs, spacers etc. will
removed and the whole area will have cleaned with water jets.
• Level markers will be set to ensure that concrete poured to the required level.
• The temperature of concrete at the time of placing will not be less than 50*C.
• Concrete will have placed in the forms within 75 minutes of water added to the mix.
• Concrete will carefully have worked around all reinforcement and embedded fixtures and corners of the
formwork.
• Concrete will have deposited as nearly as practicable in its final position to avoid segregation due to re
handling or flowing.
• In order to avoid cold joints, concrete will have placed in continuous near level layers not exceeding
300mm. Each layer will be compacted before succeeding layers placed.
• Concrete placing will continue uninterrupted until placing of a section as defined by construction joints
completed.
• Concreting will at all, times carried out at such a rate that concrete is at all times plastic and flows readily
into spaces between reinforcement.
• Maximum free-fall of concrete will be limited to 1.5 m. (if exceed the 1.5 m then the special take care
should be there.)
• Rate of pouring concrete shall not exceed the rate assumed for the design of the formworks.
• Concrete will be compacted before initial setting of concrete commences.
• Immersion type vibrators will be use for the compaction of concrete.

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• Immersion vibrators will be operating in a near vertical position, and will penetrate the full depth of the
layer of concrete placed and just into the layer below.
• Vibration will be applied continuously until the expulsion of air has practically ceased and in a manner
which does not promote segregation of the ingredients.
• Vibrators will not be allowed to contact reinforcement or inserts, nor they be used as a means of moving
concrete along the formwork.

4) Curing
Horizontal Surface
• Curing will commence as the concrete poured to the required level, compacted, leveled and surface
finished.
• Curing will be done by ponding method.
• Curing will have continued for 14 days, as per specification, or until the next lift of concrete poured.
Vertical Surface
• Base Slab concrete adjacent to the vertical surface placed, however, the adjacent formworks can have
struck after 24 hrs.

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4.3 Brick Masonry Work
1) Bricks
• Common burnt clay brick shall be hand or machine molded.
• Clay Bricks shall comply in all respects with the provisions of IS 1077 and shall be clean, hard well burnt,
square & sound with well define arises.
• The use of chipped bricks or bricks with poor edges will not permitted. Bricks shall be free from nodules
of free lime, visible cracks, flaws, warpage and organic matter.

2) Brick Work
• Set out the alignment and position of the
brick wall.
• Bricks shall have laid in Stretcher and
Header Bond unless otherwise specified.
• Mortar thickness should not be greater
than 12 mm.
• All loose material, dirt and set lumps of
mortar which may be lying over the
surface on which brick works is to be
freshly started, shall be removed with a
wire brush and surface wetted.
• Bricks shall have laid on a full bed of mortar, when laying each brick shall be properly bedded and
set in position by gently pressing with the handle of a trowel.
• The walls shall be take up truly in plumb of true to the required batter where specified. All courses shall
have laid truly horizontal and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical.
• The brickwork shall have built in uniform layers, rise perfectly true and plumb, no one portion being
raised at one time more than 1.2m above another.
• Bricks shall be laid with frog up. However, when top course is exposed, bricks shall be laid with frog
down and frog shall be filled with mortar before placing the brick in position.
• The face of brickwork shall be finished flush unless otherwise specified.
• The faces of brickwork shall have cleaned with wire brush to remove any splashes of mortar during the
course of raising the brickwork.
• The brickwork shall constantly have kept moist on all faces for a minimum period of 7 days.
• The brickwork shall have protected in high temperatures and humid conditions from excessive
evaporation of water from mortar and grout.

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4.4 Block Masonry Work
1) AAC Blocks
• The AAC blocks used for Block work walling shall comply in all respect with the requirements of IS
6041.
• The AAC blocks shall be sound, free of cracks and other defects, which may interfere in the proper placing
of the unit, or may impair the strength or performance of the construction.
• Blocks shall be check for dimensions and inspected for visual defects.

1) Block work
• Set out the alignment and position
of the block wall as per drawing.
• AAC Blocks shall have laid in
Stretcher Bond.
• All loose material, dirt and set
lumps of chemical which may be
lying over the surface on which
block works is to be freshly started,
shall be removed with a wire brush
and surface wetted.
• AAC Blocks shall have laid on a
full bed of Chemical, when laying each block shall be properly bedded and set in position by gently
pressing with the handle of a trowel.
• The walls shall be take up truly in plumb of true to the required batter where specified.
• All courses shall have laid truly horizontal and all vertical joints shall be truly vertical. Vertical joints in
alternate course shall come directly over the other.
• The block work shall have built in uniform layers, rise perfectly true and plumb, no one portion being
raised at one time more than 1.2m above another.
• The face of block work shall be finished flush unless otherwise specified.
• The faces of block work shall be clean to remove any splashes of chemical during the course of raising
the block work.

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4.5 Plaster Work
1) Description
This is the application of a plaster mix onto walls, ceilings, and other surfaces to create a smooth and
even finish. Plastering is commonly done using a trowel, and skilled plasterers can achieve different
textures and finishes, such as smooth, textured, or patterned surfaces.

2) Prerequisites
• Potable water is generally considering satisfactory for mixing.
• Where mentioned approved adhesion enhancing admixture should be use in Cement: Sand plaster as per
manufacturers written recommendations and verified dosage as per testing.
• Cement to be used in Architectural Works, Interior and Exterior Plastering shall be 53 Grade Pozolana
Portland Cement (PPC) conforming to IS: 12269
• The sand shall be hard, durable, chemically inert and free from adherent coatings, organic matter and
harmful impurities.

3) Procedure
• Prepare the surface of application free of dust, oil & grease by cleaning & washing if required. All loose
particles shall be remove.
• Apply chicken mesh over joints of masonry work and RCC work.
• The surface shall be thoroughly pre wetted with water to a saturated surface on dry condition.
• On the surface, fix leveling studs of mortar at 1.5m spacing to the level of second coat for controlling the
true plumb and co-planer-ness of plaster.
• Apply first coat (bonding coat) in form of cement slurry in case of interior plastering to an area, which
can have rendered with next coat, while the bond coat is still in wet condition.
• Bond coat, which has dried, must be remove and reapplied. In case of plastering on exterior walls, apply
first coat (bonding coat) in form of cement slurry.
• Apply second coat in form of cement: sand mix as described above to the required surface as per leveling
studs. Keep this coat thickness between 12 to 15-mm. plastering on wall shall started from top to bottom.
• Keying to plastered surface as specified in IS: 1661-1972, Clause 12.1.2, is to carry out with a suitable
comb to produce evenly spaced wavy horizontal lines, approximately 20 mm apart and 5 mm deep to
provide a key for following coat.
• Keep each undercoat and final coat damp for the first 3 days by or spraying with water. Thereafter prevent
from drying out too rapidly.
• Conduits bedded in undercoat shall be cover with 150mm chicken mesh bedded in finishing coat mix,
pressed flat and troweled in.
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• Trowel or float to produce a tight, matt, smooth surface with no hollows, abrupt changes of level or trowel
marks.
• Steel-float to achieve finish, to receive the specified finish (anti-dust seal or emulsion paint), where
indicated in Finishes Schedule, otherwise fair-faced.
• Curing shall have done as specified. Keep each undercoat and final coat damp for the first 3 days by
spraying with water.
• Curing shall begin 24 hours after finishing the plaster. The plaster shall have cured by spraying with water
for a period of 7days.

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