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Four t eent h Edit ion
Our Sexuality
Robert Crooks
Karla Baur
Laura Widman
Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States
Our Sexuality, Fourteenth Edition © 2021, 2017 Cengage Learning, Inc.
Robert Crooks, Karla Baur, and Laura Widman Unless otherwise noted, all content is © Cengage.
WCN: 02-300
Senior Vice President, Higher Education & Skills ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein
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Text Designer: Lisa Buckley Library of Congress Control Number: 2019949579
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Printed in the United States of America

Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2019
With sadness we dedicate this 14th edition to
Robert Crooks,
who passed away at the end of the last revision.
Our Sexuality was his brilliant inspiration,
and thousands of students have benefited
from his commitment to this text.
About
the Authors
The integration of psychological, social, and biological components of human sexuality

in this textbook is facilitated by the blending of the authors’ academic and professional
backgrounds.
Robert Crooks had a Ph.D. in psychology. His graduate training stressed clinical
and physiological psychology. Sociology served as his minor throughout his graduate
training. His involvement with teaching human sexuality classes at university, college, and
medical school spanned over two decades. In addition, Bob and his wife, Sami Tucker,
developed and implemented training programs in order for Kenyans to provide HIV/
AIDS peer educator interventions in their communities.
Karla Baur has retired as co-author after 13 editions. During her professional life
she earned a master’s degree in clinical social work and had a private practice, specializing
in couples and sex therapy. She taught human sexuality and female sexuality courses at
Portland Community College, Portland State University, and Clark College. At Oregon
Health Sciences University she taught human sexuality courses and coached medical
students in taking sexual histories with patients. She has been certified as a sex educa-
tor, therapist, and sex therapy supervisor by the American Association of Sex Educators,
Counselors, and Therapists. Karla also trained HIV/AIDS prevention peer educators in
Bob’s program in Kenya.
Laura Widman has a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology and postdoctoral training in
HIV/STD prevention. She is currently an Associate Professor of Psychology at North
Carolina State University. She has an active program of research focused on adolescent
sexuality, with a particular interest in developing and testing technology-based programs
to reduce HIV/STDs and improve the sexual health of youth. Laura has authored more
than 50 manuscripts and book chapters, and she has presented her work to national and
international audiences. She has taught undergraduate courses in human sexuality using
the Our Sexuality textbook for over 10 years. She is delighted to be joining the authorship
team to contribute to the 14th edition of this book.
Laura was invited to join Our Sexuality as author subsequent to Bob Crooks’ death.
Cengage is extremely fortunate to find Laura. She is skillfully and enthusiastically carry-
ing the spirit of Our Sexuality forward while further improving it with new expertise and
perspective.
Brief
Contents
Prologue xxxii
1 Perspectives on Sexuality 1
2 Sex Research: Methods and Challenges 25
3 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 45
4 Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 83
5 Gender Issues 106
6 Sexual Arousal and Response 140
7 Love and Communication in Intimate Relationships 171
8 Sexual Behaviors 214
9 Sexual Orientations 239
10 Contraception 266
11 Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 301
12 Sexuality During Childhood and Adolescence 337
13 Sexuality and the Adult Years 363
14 Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 390
15 Sexually Transmitted Infections 424
16 Atypical Sexual Behavior 467
17 Sexual Coercion 480
18 Sex for Sale 516
vii
Contents
Prologue xxxii
CHAPTER 1
Perspectives on Sexuality 1
Sexual Intelligence 2
A Psychosocial Orientation 3
Diversity in Human Sexuality 4
Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock.com
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT A Child–Parent Sex Talk 5
A Note about Inclusive Terminology 6
Our Cultural Legacy: Sex for Procreation and Rigid Gender Roles 7
Sex for Procreation 7
Male and Female Gender Roles in Sexuality 8
Sexuality in the Western World: A Historical Perspective 10
Judaic and Christian Traditions 10
Sex as Sinful 11
Eve Versus Mary 12
A Sex-Positive Shift 12
The Victorian Era 13
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Slavery’s Assault on Sexuality and Gender Roles 13
The Beginning of the 20th Century 15
After World War II 16
The Media And Sexuality 18
Traditional Media 18
New Media and Sexuality 21
Sexuality: Where the Personal Is Political 23
Summary 24
ix
CHAPTER 2
Sex Research: Methods and Challenges 25
The Goals of Sexology 27

Nonexperimental Research Methods 27
Qualitative Studies 28
Surveys 29
SEX AND POLITICS Sex Research Under Siege 32
Direct Observation 33
The Experimental Method 35
Important Considerations in Sex Research 36
Choosing the Sample 36
Technologies in Sex Research 37
Problems of Sex Research 40
Ethical Guidelines for Human Sex Research 41
Evaluating Research: Some Questions to Ask 42
Summary 42
CHAPTER 3
Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 45
The Vulva 46
The Mons Veneris 46
The Labia Majora 48
Jacob Lund/Shutterstock.com
The Labia Minora 48

Genital Alteration 48
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Genital Self-Exam for Females 49
The Clitoris 50
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Female Genital Cutting: Torture or Tradition? 52
The Vestibule 53
The Urethral Opening 53
The Introitus and the Hymen 53
The Perineum 54
Underlying Structures 54
Internal Structures 55
The Vagina 56
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Kegel Exercises 58
The Cervix 60
The Uterus 60
The Fallopian Tubes 60
The Ovaries 61
Menstruation 61
Attitudes About Menstruation 61
Menarche 62
Menstrual Physiology 63
The Menstrual Cycle 64
Sexual Activity and the Menstrual Cycle 65
Menstrual Cycle Problems 66
x Contents
Menopause 69
Hormone Therapy 70
Gynecological Health Concerns 71
Urinary Tract Infections 72
Vaginal Infections 72
The Pap Smear 73
Surgical Removal of the Uterus and Ovaries 73
The Breasts 74
Breast Self-Exam 76
Breast Cancer Screening 76
Breast Lumps 77
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH How to Examine Your Breasts 78
Breast Cancer 78
Summary 81
CHAPTER 4
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 83
Sexual Anatomy 84
iStock.com/South_agency
The Penis 84
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Male Genital Modification:
Cultural Beliefs and Practices 86
Strengthening Musculature Around the Penis 86
The Scrotum 87
The Testes 89
The Vas Deferens 90
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Male Genital Self-Examination 91
The Seminal Vesicles 91
The Prostate Gland 92
The Cowper’s Glands 92
Semen 93
Male Sexual Functions 93
Erection 93
Ejaculation 94
Concerns About Sexual Functioning 96
Penis Size 96
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Koro: The Genital Retraction Syndrome 98
Circumcision 99
SEX AND POLITICS “Intactivists” Attempt to Criminalize Infant
Circumcision in San Francisco 100
Male Genital Health Concerns 101
The Penis: Health-Care Issues 101
Penile Cancer 102
Testicular Cancer 102
Diseases of the Prostate 102
Summary 104
Contents xi
CHAPTER 5
Gender Issues 106
Sex and Gender 107

Gender-Identity Formation 108
Biological Sex Process: Typical Prenatal Differentiation 109
Differences in Sexual Development 115
Sex-Chromosome Variations 115
Variations Affecting Prenatal Hormonal Processes 117
Treatment Strategies for Intersex People: Debate and Controversy 119
The Interactional Model of Gender Development 121
Gender Identity: A Spectrum 122
Transgender Variations: Evolving Terminology 122
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Respectful Communication with a Transgender Person 123
Transitioning 124
Sexual Orientation of Transgender People 126
Acceptance and Civil Rights 126
Social-Learning Influences on Gender Identity 127
Gender Roles 128
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Ethnic Variations in Gender Roles 129
SPOTLIGHT ON RESEARCH Cross-Cultural Sex Differences in Personality Traits 131
How Do We Explain Gender Differences between Men and Women? 131
How Do We Learn Gender Roles? 132
Gender Role Expectations: Their Impact on Our Sexuality 135
Summary 138
CHAPTER 6
Sexual Arousal and Response 140
The Brain and Sexual Arousal 141

SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Cultural Variations in Sexual Arousal 142
SPOTLIGHT ON RESEARCH Monitoring Brain Function During Sexual Arousal with
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 144
bezikus/Shutterstock.com
The Senses and Sexual Arousal 145

Touch 145
Vision 146
Smell 147
Taste 147
Hearing 148
Aphrodisiacs and Anaphrodisiacs in Sexual Arousal 148
Aphrodisiacs: Do They Work? 148
Anaphrodisiacs 151
The Role of Hormones 152
Sex Hormones in Male Sexual Behavior 152
Sex Hormones in Female Sexual Behavior 154
Oxytocin in Male and Female Sexual Behavior 154
Sexual Response 155
Kaplan’s Three-Stage Model 155
Bancroft and Janssen’s Dual Control Model of Sexual Response 156
Masters and Johnson’s Four-Phase Model 156
xii Contents
SPOTLIGHT ON RESEARCH Monitoring Genital Changes During Sexual Arousal with
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging 158
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Subjective Descriptions of Orgasm 161
The Grafenberg Spot 162
Aging and the Sexual Response Cycle 163
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Females 164
The Sexual Response Cycle of Older Males 164
Differences Between the Sexes in Sexual Response 165
Greater Variability in Female Response 165
SPOTLIGHT ON RESEARCH Sex Differences in Sex Drive 166
The Male Refractory Period 166
Multiple Orgasms 167
Summary 168
CHAPTER 7
Love and Communication in Intimate

Relationships 171
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What Is Love? 172
Types of Love 173
Passionate Love 173
Companionate Love 174
Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love 175
Lee’s Styles of Loving 177
Chapman’s Five Love Languages 178
Falling in Love: Why and with Whom? 178
The Chemistry of Love 179
Falling for Whom? 179
Proximity 179
Similarity 180
Reciprocity 181
Physical Attractiveness 181
How Has the Internet Changed Who We Fall in Love with? 182
Love and Styles of Attachment 183
Attachment Styles 183
Adult Intimate Relationships as an Attachment Process 184
Is It Possible to Make People Fall in Love? 186
Issues in Loving Relationships 186
What Is the Relationship Between Love and Sex? 186
Jealousy in Relationships 189
Maintaining Relationship Satisfaction 190
Ingredients in a Lasting Love Relationship 190
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Coping with Jealousy, the Green-Eyed Monster 191
Sexual Variety: An Important Ingredient 192
The Importance of Sexual Communication 193
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Consent for Everyone! 194
Talking: Getting Started 194
Talking about Talking 194
Reading and Discussing 195
Sharing Sexual Histories 195
Contents xiii
Listening and Feedback 195
Be an Active Listener 195
Maintain Eye Contact 196
Provide Feedback 196
Support Your Partner’s Communication Efforts 196
Express Unconditional Positive Regard 196
Discovering Your Partner’s Needs 197
Asking Questions 197
Self-Disclosure 198
Discussing Sexual Preferences 199
Giving Permission 199
Learning to Make Requests 200
Taking Responsibility for Our Own Pleasure 200
Making Requests Specific 200
Using “I” Language 200
Expressing and Receiving Complaints 201
Constructive Strategies for Expressing Complaints 201
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT The Benefits of Affectionate Communication 202
Receiving Complaints 205
A Three-Step Approach to Saying No 206
Nonverbal Sexual Communication 207
Facial Expressions 207
Interpersonal Distance 208
Touching 208
Sounds 208
Communication Patterns in Successful and Unsuccessful Relationships 208
Constructive Communication Tactics 209
Destructive Communication Tactics 210
Summary 211
CHAPTER 8
Sexual Behaviors 214
Celibacy 215
Erotic Dreams and Fantasy 216
Erotic Dreams 216
Erotic Fantasy 216
MJTH/Shutterstock.com
Gender Similarities and Differences in Sexual Fantasy 218

Fantasies: Help or Hindrance? 219
Masturbation 220
Perspectives on Masturbation 220
Purposes of Masturbation 222
Ethnicity and Masturbation 223
Self-Pleasuring Techniques 223
Sexual Expression: The Importance of Context 225
The Context of Sexual Expression 225
Frequency of Partner Sexual Activity 226
Kissing and Touching 227
Kissing 227
Touching 227
xiv Contents
Oral–Genital Stimulation 229
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Oral Sex Experiences among American Men
and Women 231
Anal Sex Play and Penetration 232
Vaginal Intercourse 233
Kink 235
Intercourse the Tantric Way 236
Summary 237
CHAPTER 9
Sexual Orientations 239
A Continuum of Sexual Orientations 240

Sexual Fluidity 242
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Asexuality 243
Bisexuality 243
Homosexuality 245
What Determines Sexual Orientation? 246
Societal Attitudes Regarding Homosexuality 246
SPOTLIGHT ON RESEARCH Where Does Straight End and Gay Begin? 247
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Homosexuality in Cross-Cultural Perspective 247
Judeo-Christian Attitudes Toward Homosexuality 249
From Sin to Sickness 250
Homophobia 250
The Gay Rights Movement 252
The Stonewall Incident and Beyond 253
Decriminalization of Private Sexual Behavior 253
Antidiscrimination 253
Equal Rights: Legal Marriage for Same-Sex Couples 254
LGBTQ People and the Media 255
Coming Out 256
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Guidelines for Coming Out 259
LGBTQ Relationships in Context 261
Summary 264
CHAPTER 10
Contraception 266
Historical and Social Perspectives 267

Contraception in the United States 267
Contraception as a Contemporary Issue 268
SEX AND POLITICS The Power of Pro-Life Anti-Contraception Politics 269
The Importance of Access to Contraception 269
Contraception as a Global Issue 272
Sharing Responsibility and Choosing a Birth Control Method 273
It Takes Two 273
Choosing a Birth Control Method 274
Outercourse 278
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Which Common Reversible Contraceptive Method
Is Best for You? 279
Contents xv
Hormone-Based Contraceptives 279
Oral Contraceptives 279
The Vaginal Ring and the Transdermal Patch 281
Injected Contraceptives 282
Contraceptive Implant 282
Barrier and Spermicide Methods 282
Condoms 283
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Don’t Go Inside Without Your Rubbers On 285
Vaginal Spermicides 286
Cervical Barrier Devices 288
Intrauterine Devices 289
How the IUD Works 290
Emergency Contraception 290
Fertility Awareness Methods 292
Calendar Method 293
Standard Days Method 293
Mucus Method 293
Basal Body Temperature Method 294
Symptothermal Method 294
Sterilization 294
Female Sterilization 295
Male Sterilization 296
Less Reliable Methods 297
Withdrawal 297
Lactational Amenorrhea Method 298
Douching 298
New Directions in Contraception 298
New Directions for Males 298
New Directions for Females 299
Summary 299
CHAPTER 11
Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 301
Parenthood as an Option 302

Becoming Pregnant 303
Enhancing the Possibility of Conception
AleksandarNakic/Getty Images
303
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Preselecting a Baby’s Sex: Technology
and Cross-Cultural Issues 303
Infertility 304
Pregnancy Detection 310
Spontaneous and Elective Abortion 311
Miscarriage and Stillbirth 311
Elective Abortion 312
The Abortion Controversy 317
SEX AND POLITICS Abortion Restrictions at the State Level 320
xvi Contents
The Experience of Pregnancy 321
The Woman’s Experience 321
Sexual Interaction During Pregnancy 322
A Healthy Pregnancy 322
Fetal Development 323
Prenatal Care 324
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Folic Acid and Fetal Development 325
Risks to Fetal Development 326
Pregnancy After Age 35 328
Fatherhood After Age 45 328
Childbirth 328
Contemporary Childbirth 329
Stages of Childbirth 329
After Childbirth 331
Breastfeeding 331
Sexual Interaction After Childbirth 334
Summary 335
CHAPTER 12
Sexuality During Childhood and

Adolescence 337
Sexual Behavior During Infancy and Childhood 338
Sergey Novikov/Shutterstock.com
Infant Sexuality 338
Childhood Sexuality 338
The Physical Changes of Adolescence 342
Sexual Behavior During Adolescence 344
The Sexual Double Standard 345
Masturbation 345
Noncoital Sexual Expression 346
Ongoing Sexual Relationships 346
Adolescent Sexting 347
Sexual Intercourse 348
SEX AND POLITICS Antigay Harassment/Bullying of Teenagers 351
Adolescent Pregnancy 353
Consequences of Teenage Pregnancy 353
Use of Contraceptives 354
Strategies for Reducing Teenage Pregnancy 355
Sex Education 356
Answering Children’s Questions About Sex 356
Initiating Conversations When Children Do Not
Ask Questions 358
School-Based Sex Education 359
SEX AND POLITICS Abstinence-Only Sex Education 360
Summary 361
Contents xvii
CHAPTER 13
Sexuality and the Adult Years 363
Single Living 364

Singles and the Internet 365
Cohabitation 366
Marriage 367
Marriage in Current Collectivist and Individualist Cultures 367
Same-Sex Marriage 368
Interracial Marriage 369
Polygamy and Polyandry 369
SEX AND POLITICS Marriage in Crisis 370
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Where Women Choose 371
Marriage in the United States 372
Changing Expectations and Marital Patterns 373
Predicting Marital Satisfaction 374
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Know Your Partner 375
Sexual Behavior and Satisfaction in Marriage 375
Nonmonogamy 376
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Extramarital Sexuality in Other Cultures 376
Consensual Nonmonogamy 377
Nonconsensual Extramarital Relationships 379
Divorce 382
Explaining the High Divorce Rate 383
Adjusting to Divorce or Breakup of Long-Term Relationships 383
Sexuality and Aging 384
The Double Standard and Aging 385
Sexual Activity in Later Years 386
Widowhood 388
Summary 388
CHAPTER 14
Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 390
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Index of Sexual Satisfaction 393

Specific Sexual Difficulties 394
Desire-Phase and Excitement-Phase Difficulties 394
Pressmaster/Shutterstock.com
Orgasm-Phase Difficulties 396

Dyspareunia 398
Sexual Addiction: Fact, Fiction, or Misnomer? 400
Origins of Sexual Difficulties 401
Relationship Factors 401
Cultural Influences 401
Individual Factors 403
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Suffering for Beauty 405
Good Health Habits = Good Sexual Functioning 406
xviii Contents
Basics of Sexual Enhancement and Sex Therapy 410
Self-Awareness 410
Communication 411
Sensate Focus 411
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY How Modern Sex Therapy Can Clash with Cultural Values 412
Specific Suggestions for Women 413
Specific Suggestions for Men 416
Treating Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder and Male
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder 420
Seeking Professional Assistance 421
Summary 422
CHAPTER 15
Sexually Transmitted Infections 424
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Telling a Partner 428

Bacterial Infections 428
Chlamydia Infection 428
Gonorrhea 430
miker/Shutterstock.com
Nongonococcal Urethritis 431
Syphilis 432
Viral Infections 434
Herpes 434
Human Papilloma Virus 438
Viral Hepatitis 441
Common Vaginal Infections 442
Bacterial Vaginosis 443
Candidiasis 444
Trichomoniasis 445
Ectoparasitic Infections 445
Pubic Lice 445
Scabies 446
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) 447
Incidence 448
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY AIDS in Africa: Death and Hope on a
Ravaged Continent 450
HIV Transmission 451
SPOTLIGHT ON RESEARCH Circumcision as a Strategy for Preventing HIV Infection 452
HIV Symptoms and Complications 453
HIV Antibody Tests 453
Development of AIDS 453
Treatment of HIV/AIDS 454
Prevention of HIV/AIDS 457
Prevention 459
Preventing Other Sexually Transmitted Infections 459
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH The Only Way to Determine the STI Status of Yourself
or Your Partner Is to Get Tested 461
Summary 463
Contents xix
CHAPTER 16
Atypical Sexual Behavior 467
What Constitutes Atypical Sexual Behavior? 468

What Characterizes the Eight Most Common Paraphilic Disorders? 470
Fetishism 470
Transvestic Disorder 471
Sexual Sadism and Sexual Masochism 472
Exhibitionism 474
Voyeurism 475
Frotteurism 476
Pedophilia 476
What Factors Contribute to the Development of Paraphilias 478
Summary 478
CHAPTER 17
Sexual Coercion 480
Sexual Assault and Rape 481

What Is Sexual Consent? 482
The #MeToo Movement 482
AFP Contributor/Getty Images
Prevalence of Sexual Assault and Rape 483

False Beliefs about Rape 486
Factors Associated with Rape 487
YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Preventing and Coping With Sexual Assault 492
Wartime Sexual Violence 493
SEXUALITY & DIVERSITY Punishing Women Who Have Been Raped 494
The Aftermath of Sexual Assault 495
LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Helping a Partner or Friend Recover from Rape 496
Rape and Sexual Assault of Males 497
Sexual Harassment 499
Varieties and Incidence of Sexual Harassment
on the Job 500
Cyberstalking 503
Sexual Harassment in Academic Settings 503
Sexual Abuse of Children 505
Characteristics of People Who Sexually Abuse Children 506
Prevalence of Child Sexual Abuse 507
Recovered Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse 508
Pedophiles Online 509
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse 510
Preventing Child Sexual Abuse 512
When the Child Tells 513
Summary 514
xx Contents
CHAPTER 18
Sex for Sale 516
Pornography 517
To Each Their Own 517
Erotica 518
Child Pornography 519
chaoss/Shutterstock.com
Variations in Straight, Gay, and
Lesbian Pornography 519
Access and Prevalence of Pornography Use 520
History of Pornography Access 521
Freedom of Speech Versus Censorship 522
SEX AND POLITICS Pornography as Social Criticism 523
Online Sexually Explicit Materials and Censorship 525
The “Pornification” of U.S. Culture 525
Is Pornography Helpful? 526
Is Pornography Harmful? 527
Sex Work 529
History of Prostitution and Sex Work 529
The Legal Status of Sex Work 530
SEX AND POLITICS FOSTA-SESTA: The Politics of Sex Work 532
Adult Sex Workers 532
The Internet and Sex Work 535
Teenagers in Sex Work 535
The Personal Costs of Sex Work 536
Customers of Sex Workers 536
Glorification of Pimps in the United States 537
Worldwide Sex Trafficking 538
Summary 539
GLOSSARY G1
REFERENCES R1
SUBJECT INDEX S1
AUTHOR INDEX A1
Contents xxi
Preface
Our Sexuality, now in its 14th edition, provides students with • New section on qualitative research
an engaging, personally relevant, politically astute, and academi- • New information about social desirability bias in sex
cally sound introduction to human sexuality. The textbook’s research
comprehensive integration of biological, psychological, behav- • Updates to Internet-based research methods
ioral, cultural, and political aspects of sexuality has been consis-
tently well received in each previous edition.
CHAPTER 3: FEMALE SExUAL ANATOMY
AND PHYSIOLOGY
New in This Edition • Updated discussion on the role of pornography in
ACROSS CHAPTERS: women’s views of their labia
• New data on pubic hair grooming
• We have added over 900 new references to the
• Updated data and screening recommendations for breast,
14th edition. These highlight the most cutting-edge
ovarian, and cervical cancer
science and the latest developments in politics and pop
• Expanded data on hormone replacement therapy
culture related to human sexuality.
• Every chapter includes updated terminology, examples,
and photos. We paid special attention to using language CHAPTER 4: MALE SExUAL ANATOMY
that is inclusive and adding more images that represent AND PHYSIOLOGY
people of diverse race/ethnicities, genders, and sexual • New information on penis size
orientations. • Updated statistics and current medical recommendations
• We have streamlined some of the material to make the on circumcision
text as digestible as possible. • Updated data and screening recommendations for penile
• New Critical Thinking Questions and Authors’ File and prostate cancer
quotes have been added throughout.
CHAPTER 5: GENDER ISSUES

CHAPTER 1: PERSPECTIVES ON SExUALITY
• Significant updates to flow of information and
• New section addressing terminology related to gender
terminology used throughout the chapter
and sexual diversity
• Expanded discussion of gender diversity and terms that
• Expanded research on LGBTQ issues
expand beyond the gender binary
• Updated information on sex in the media, including the
• Updated information on sex differentiation of
role of new media in sexual expression
the brain
• Several new figures
• Clarification of transitioning and gender confirmation
surgery
CHAPTER 2: SEx RESEARCH: METHODS • Heavily revised section on gender role formation
AND CHALLENGES • New information on how the media, including
• Reorganized flow of information social media and access to the Internet, impact
• New study examples for each research method gender roles
xxiii
CHAPTER 6: SEXUAL AROUSAL AND RESPONSE • Greater emphasis on sexual identity development in
• Updated information on the links between sexual arousal youth
and the use of alcohol, tobacco (including through • Revamped “Let’s TALK about it: Guidelines for Coming
vaping), prescription drugs, and birth control Out” box
• Extensive update about the role of hormones in sexual • New figures
behavior
• New studies comparing the experience of orgasm CHAPTER 10: CONTRACEPTION
between men and women • Updated information on the effectiveness of birth control
and rates of unplanned pregnancy
CHAPTER 7: LOVE AND COMMUNICATION IN • Expanded section on access to contraception in the
INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS United States
• New section on the pop-culture book, Five Love • Updated information about currently available
Languages by Dr. Gary Chapman contraceptives
• Extensive updates to the sections on interracial marriage • Updated data about global use of contraception
and same-sex marriage • Revised section on fertility awareness methods
• New discussion of the research bias toward cisgender with inclusion of new terms: two day method and
heterosexual couples in the literature on love and symptothermal method
communication • New section about the way technology is impacting
• New section describing how the Internet has changed accessibility and decision making around contraceptives
who we fall in love with
• Updated research on casual sex and “hook-ups” CHAPTER 11: CONCEIVING CHILDREN:
• New information on strategies for sustaining long-term PROCESS AND CHOICE
relationships • Childfree added as a new vocab word with discussion
• Updated “Let’s Talk About It: Consent for around the growing number of people who chose not to
Everyone!” box have children
• Updated statistics on infertility
CHAPTER 8: SEXUAL BEHAVIORS • New information on the fertility treatments: current
• Expanded information about sexual fantasy options, cost, and ethical/legal issues to consider
• Greater attention to sexual behaviors among sexual • Extensive updates on rates of abortion and state abortion
minority people restrictions
• Updated statistics on masturbation • Updated statistics on maternal and infant mortality
• Updated statistics on the prevalence and frequency of
partnered sexual activity CHAPTER 12: SEXUALITY DURING CHILDHOOD
• Revised section on Kink behaviors AND ADOLESCENCE
• Updated research on childhood sexuality
CHAPTER 9: SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS • New statistics on pubertal timing in adolescence
• New vocab terms: mostly straight, mostly gay/ • Revised discussion on the sexual double-standard as it
lesbian, LGBTQ, internalized homophobia, and relates to sexual behavior among youth
heteronormative • Updated information about sexting
• Updated discussion on the complexity and ambiguity • New section on the unique challenges that LGBT youth
of defining sexual orientation based on sexual face regarding sexual development
behavior, sexual/romantic attraction, and choice of • New section discussing the way the Internet is changing
identity labels adolescent relationships
• Expanded information about bisexuality • Updated information on adolescent pregnancy
• Extensive updates based on the Supreme Court ruling on • Updated information on the role of parents and schools
same-sex marriage in 2015 as potential sex educators
xxiv Preface
CHAPTER 13: SEXUALITY AND THE ADULT CHAPTER 16: ATYPICAL SEXUAL BEHAVIOR
YEARS • Heavily revised chapter with new terminology and
• New Census data on single, cohabitating, and married statistics based on DSM-5 categorization of paraphilic
adults behavior
• New figure on changes in the median age of first marriage • Updated information on sexual sadism and sexual
over time in the United States masochism
• New sections on same-sex marriage and interracial • New tips for responding to unwanted sexual exposure
marriage • New section on pedophilia
• Updated section on consensual nonmonogamy and open • Updated information on the causes of atypical sexual
relationships behavior
• Updated statistics on divorce • New vocab words: pedophilia and telephone scatologia
• Revised section on same-sex relationships among older • New table summarizing the eight most common
adults paraphilias identified in the DSM-5
CHAPTER 14: SEXUAL DIFFICULTIES AND CHAPTER 17: SEXUAL COERCION

SOLUTIONS • Reorganized and heavily updated content
• Revised terminology and statistics based on DSM-5 • New section on sexual consent
criteria for sexual disorder diagnosis • New section on the #MeToo movement
• New discussion of the research bias towards cisgender • Updated statistics on the prevalence of sexual assault,
heterosexual individuals in the literature on sexual sexual harassment, and child sexual abuse
difficulties and solutions • Greater attention to male victims of sexual assault
• Revised section on desire discrepancy in couples • New information on the Catholic Church sexual abuse
• Updated information on faking orgasms scandal
• New section on sexual addiction • New “Your sexual health: Preventing and coping with
• Updated information on the origins of sexual sexual assault” box
difficulties and the known effectiveness of sexual
treatments CHAPTER 18: SEX FOR SALE
• New section on sensate focus for gay and lesbian • New information on how pornography has evolved with
couples developments in online technologies
• Updated information on feminist pornography
CHAPTER 15: SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED • Updated statistics on pornography consumption
INFECTIONS • New section on child pornography
• Less emphasis on specific medical treatments for • Updated research on the potential benefits and harms of
each STI pornography, with new information on how pornography
• Greater emphasis on STI testing, with added may impact adolescent sexual development
information on where students can get tested • Revised information on the laws surrounding sex work
• Updated statistics on the incidence or prevalence of around the world
each STI • New “Sex and Politics: FOSTA-SESTA: The Politics of
• Updated information on HPV vaccine recommendations, Sex Work” box
especially for boys • Heavily updated section on sex trafficking
• Heavily updated section on HIV/AIDS, with new
information about current prevention approaches Other Continuing Features
• New figure on the HIV testing and cascade of care
• New focus on the problem of HIV and STI stigma. This • A personal approach. Users of the textbook have
is incorporated throughout the chapter and also added as responded favorably to our attempts to make the subject
a new section entitled “Be Mindful of Stigma” human and personal, and in this fourteenth edition
• New “Let’s TALK about it: Telling a Partner” box we have retained and strengthened the elements that
Preface xxv
contributed to this approach and expanded coverage of include tables that summarize sex research methods,
the impact that political decisions and policies have on factors involved in typical and atypical prenatal
individuals and groups. differentiation, major physiological changes during the
sexual response cycle, information to consider when
• Authors’ files. One of the most popular features of
choosing a birth control method, and features of common
Our Sexuality has been the incorporation of voices of
sexually transmitted infections.
real people through the use of authors’ files. These
quotations—taken from the experiences and observations • Pedagogy. Individuals learn in different ways. We
of students, clients, and colleagues—are woven into the therefore provide a variety of pedagogical aids to be
text but set apart in conversation bubbles. Each chapter used as the student chooses. Each chapter opens with
opens with an authors’ file quotation illustrating an an outline of the major topic headings, complete with
important concept pertinent to that chapter. chapter opening questions that focus attention on
important topics. Key words are boldfaced within the
• Nonjudgmental perspective. Consistent with our
text, and a pronunciation guide follows selected key
personal focus, we have avoided a prescriptive stance
words. A running glossary in the text margin provides
on most issues introduced in the textbook. We have
a helpful learning tool. Each chapter concludes with
attempted to provide information in a sensitive,
a Summary in outline form for student reference. A
nonsexist, inclusive, nonjudgmental manner that assumes
complete Glossary as well as a complete Bibliography
the reader is best qualified to determine what is most
are provided at the end of the textbook.
valid and applicable in their own life.
• Psychosocial orientation. We focus on the roles of
psychological and social factors in human expression, MindTap: Empower Your Students
reflecting our belief that human sexuality is governed MindTap is a platform that propels students from memoriza-
more by psychological factors than by biological tion to mastery. It gives you complete control of your course,
determinants. At the same time, we provide the reader so you can provide engaging content, challenge every learner,
with a solid basis in the anatomy and physiology of and build student confidence. Customize interactive syllabi to
human sexuality and explore new research pertaining to emphasize priority topics, then add your own material or notes
the interplay of biology, psychology, and social learning. to the eBook as desired. This outcomes-driven application gives
• Critical Thinking Questions, many of which are new to you the tools needed to empower students and boost both
this edition, appear in the margin. These questions are understanding and performance.
designed to help students apply their knowledge and
experience while developing their own outlook. Each
question encourages students to stop and think about Access Everything You Need in
what they are reading, in an attempt to facilitate higher- One Place
order processing of information and learning.
Cut down on prep with the preloaded and organized MindTap
• Sexuality and Diversity discussions, integrated course materials. Teach more efficiently with interactive multi-
throughout the textbook, deal with topics such as media, assignments, quizzes, and more. Give your students the
ethnic variations in gender roles, female genital cutting, power to read, listen, and study on their phones, so they can
cultural variations in sexual arousal, ethnic variations learn on their terms.
in intimate communication, cross-cultural issues in
preselecting a baby’s sex, the clash between sex therapy
practices and cultural values, AIDS in Africa, and Empower Students to Reach their
cultural values that punish women who have been raped. Potential
Many of these Sexuality and Diversity discussions
Twelve distinct metrics give you actionable insights into stu-
have been revised, expanded, and updated for the
dent engagement. Identify topics troubling your entire class and
fourteenth edition.
instantly communicate with those struggling. Students can track
• At a Glance tables designed to present important their scores to stay motivated towards their goals. Together, you
information in summary form. Examples of this feature can be unstoppable.
xxvi Preface
Control Your Course—and Your ONLINE INSTRUCTOR’S MANUAL
This detailed manual provides course guidelines, in-class exer-
Content cises, video clips, and chapter objectives to assist instructors in
Get the flexibility to reorder textbook chapters, add your teaching the course. The Instructor’s Manual for Our Sexuality
own notes, and embed a variety of content including Open has been thoroughly updated for the new edition.
Educational Resources (OER). Personalize course content to
your students’ needs. They can even read your notes, add their
own, and highlight key text to aid their learning. ONLINE POWERPOINTS
Helping you make your lectures more engaging while effectively
reaching your visually oriented students, these handy Microsoft
Get a Dedicated Team, Whenever PowerPoint® slides outline the chapters of the main textbook
in a classroom-ready presentation. The PowerPoint® slides are
You Need Them updated to reflect the content and organization of the new edi-
MindTap isn’t just a tool, it’s backed by a personalized team tion of Our Sexuality.
eager to support you. We can help set up your course and tai-
lor it to your specific objectives, so you’ll be ready to make an
impact from day one. Know we’ll be standing by to help you and COGNERO®
your students until the final day of the term. Cengage Learning Testing Powered by Cognero® is a flexible,
online system that allows you to import, edit, and manipulate
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Supplements for Our Sexuality your own favorite test questions; create multiple test versions in
INSTRUCTOR RESOURCE CENTER an instant; and deliver tests from your LMS, your classroom, or
wherever you want.
Everything you need for your course in one place! This collec-
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presentations, the Instructor’s Manual, and more.
Preface xxvii
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Home Visitors.
After tea had been brought from the Nitocris and served in its portals, we all decided that Komombos
would be the temple to own. That evening the crew hung lanterns around the deck among the sugar-
canes and palms, and after dinner they gave an exhibition, which started well enough with a dance by the
first mate.
Since then I have found that all travelers on the Nile are likely to have this same experience. We
were proof against the “Dhabir Devil” that the guide-books had warned us against, but Baedeker had
made no mention of the possibility of this entertainment happening to us; still, the crew went at it as
though it was an old story with them, and as I write this there may be some unsuspecting tourist about to
go through with it. It sounds very good-natured on the part of the crew; and if the entertainment had
stopped when the mate had finished the dance, it would have been well enough; but the dance was only
to hold our attention while the others were getting ready, and then the dreary horse-play began. There
was a barber-shop scene, in which flour paste was used and a door-mat acted as a towel. A crew that
mutinies is tame compared with an Egyptian crew that acts. We stopped them as soon as we could
without hurting their feelings, and they subsided and formed a circle back of the smoke-stack. The rest of
the evening was spent in entertainment of our own choice, and by midnight all was still but the river,
which never rests.
CHAPTER THREE
His Highness Prince Mahomet Ali, Cairo, February 14, 1898.

On the Bank.
CHAPTER THIRD
T HE starting of the engines had us up fairly early the next morning, and we found the country very
much changed. The desert now came to the river’s edge, and granite had taken the place of
limestone; it seemed as though we had come to the end of fertile Egypt. Two white vultures were the
only living things in sight. Then we came to some wonderful bends in the river, and the sakiehs once
more began to dip up the muddy water; but the skins of the men who worked them had changed: they
glistened like coal in the sunlight.
By two o’clock we reached Assuan, and moored to the island of Elephantine, just opposite the town,
from which any number of little bright-painted ferry-boats rowed toward us; and in a few minutes some
thin-legged Egyptian policemen and a few natives were on the bank, and a small boy with a stick had
been selected to mind the turkeys that we had brought from Esneh. Some of the poor birds were very
weak on their legs, and where they ought to have been red they were only a pale salmon-color; but the
little cook promised that they would be all right in a day or two. Some of the crew had homes on the
island, and they all put on their best clothes and were met by friends. They immediately established a
laundry on shore, and the building of an oven proved that we were to be there for some time.
We began the 27th with a visit to the tombs on Grenfell Hill, high on the river’s bank, below
Elephantine. There was a strong wind, full of sand, from the south, and the light natives had trouble in
getting the heavy boat to the foot of the hill. The wind helped us back to the Nitocris, and after lunch we
crossed the river to Assuan, where the inhabitants seemed especially prepared for tourists. The natives
were more theatrical in Assuan, and the bazaars were filled with musical instruments, made as primitive
as possible to please the traveler.
There is a railroad at Assuan. It is only a small, disconnected link; but some day it will be part of a
road to the Cape, and vestibule trains will run over it, and passengers may get only flying glimpses of
Philæ from car windows. Think of being on a train that went by Pharaoh’s Bed in the night! But it is
impossible to believe that the world could become used to such a wonderful place, and it is to be hoped
that all trains will go slow when they come to Philæ; for without it Egypt would be like “Romeo and
Juliet” without a balcony. It is the most romantic ruin in Egypt, and it marks the end of the first-cataract
tourist’s journey.
If the Nitocris had been a sailing-dahabiyeh, and had belonged to us, and if the season had been
younger and the river higher, we would have had her pulled up one cataract after another until we had
made some important discoveries; but we were one-month tourists on a hired boat, and that night, while
the Nitocris was tied fast to some large wooden pegs driven deep into the
Shopping.
Shepheard’s Hotel, Cairo.
A Luxor Dancing-girl.
beach, we read how the Rip Van Winkle and other dahabiyehs had gone to Abu-Simbel.
The next morning we chose the nine-o’clock train, in preference to camels and donkeys; and after
some minutes of rocking and twisting in the little box-car, we were ferried from the mainland to the
famous island, where we were to forget Komombos and all the others amid new beauties, which no
guide-book can exaggerate.
After lunch we walked to the northern end of the island, hoarded a big, clumsy, eight-oared boat with
a great deal of rigging lashed overhead, and our homeward journey began. There was a crew of ten, and
we soon had the greatest respect for their skill, especially one little man with crooked teeth, who sat in
the stern and shouted over our heads at the men in the boat.
The rapids were tame enough at first. The wind was strong against us, and we found some shelter
behind the high granite islands we drifted among. The river had worn them into fantastic shapes so
closely resembling temples that hieroglyphics had been cut on the polished stones by the Pharaohs, who
never tired of seeing their names in print.
At one place we stopped and watched ten or fifteen boys swim and float down a part of the rapids.
They would come shivering up to us, and the next instant they would be in
Camel-back.
the water shooting by us on a log, screaming to attract our attention, and then back again to us, with their
teeth chattering for bakshish.
But after that it was very different. The man at the tiller half stood up, and I could see, by the little
patches of sand on his forehead that the wrinkles there had formed in two parallel lines, that he had been
praying while we had been watching the boys swim, and by the same sign I could see that most of the
crew had been doing the same thing; and Mohammed must have been with us, for fifty times within half
that number of minutes we needed help. With the little man in the stern continually wetting his lips and
jamming the tiller from side to side, apparently steering in just the wrong place, and always proving that
he was right, we “shot” over the uneven surface of the river, dodging half-buried rocks, first near one
bank and then the other, until we reached the natural bed of the
river. Here the crew began their battle with the wind, and by evening, after much chanting and hard
rowing on their part, we reached the Nitocris, feeling very much as if our faces had been sandpapered.
During our stay at Elephantine we made friends with four little Bisharin girls.
They were graceful and pretty, and had the power to make the most dismal
tomb cheerful. They followed us to the quarries back of Assuan, and turned
the top of the half-finished obelisk into a stage and danced in the sunlight,
while the blackest man in Africa played an instrument of his own invention.
And the last I remember of Assuan is their
The Sheik of the Pyramids.

On Grenfell Hill. The Keeper of the Tomb,
Assuan, December 29, 1897.
four little figures wrapped in the brightest-colored shawls that could be bought in Lower Egypt, and they
waving their hands until a bend in the river hid them.
It was a novelty to find ourselves going with the current, which had been until now against us, and
we could count on much bigger runs; but there was double the danger of running on a sand-bar, and from
that time on there was always a man with a pole in the bow.
On the 30th we stopped beneath our old friend Komombos, and visited Edfu the next day; and from
the top of its pylons we looked into the mud-walled yards of the town, where little fly-covered children
stopped playing with goats and called to us, even at that height, for bakshish.
On the 31st we were once more in Luxor, where the donkey-boys and beggars gave us a hearty
welcome. Again we visited Thebes, and were followed from tomb to tomb by the usual venders of
imitation antiques and shriveled mummy-hands.
Our trips back from Thebes were always enlivened by donkey-races across the great fields of young
wheat, in the middle of which the great Memnons sit. Those races generally proved that “Columbus” was
a faster donkey than “New York.”
Pharaoh must have continually thought of the future. His tombs at Thebes show how anxious he was
to outlast time. And it seems hard that his carefully prepared plans should have been interfered with.
How impressive it would be to find, at the end of the long subterranean passage, the king whose one
wish had been to lie there. He must have visited it often before his death. He might have superintended
its building and criticized the drawings that decorate its walls. But the sarcophagus is now empty, and its
lid is broken, and the king’s new friends have put him in a cheap wooden house; and written
At the Races, Khedival Sporting Club.
on a piece of cardboard, and tacked on the glass case in which he now lies, is the name he was so fond of
cutting in granite.
One year more or less makes very little difference to Egypt, but the New Year was properly
welcomed aboard the Nitocris, for one of us had never seen a January 1 before. So it happened that, even
in Egypt, the occasion was treated as a novelty, and the Nitocris once more blossomed out with lanterns,
and looked as well that night as her more graceful rivals, the sailing-dahabiyehs, that were anchored
above and below us.
January 4 was our last day at Luxor. We had ridden up the limestone valley at
Thebes to the tombs of the kings, had spent several days and a moonlight night at
Karnak. We had said good-by to our donkey-boys. Mine had held an umbrella over me
with one hand and had fought natives at the same time with the other, and I hope that
some day he will be a dragoman. Before daylight on the 5th we had once more started
north, with only five more days on the river left to us. At night we tied to the bank and
walked through moon-lighted villages, and did our best to imagine that our journey had
only just begun.
On the evening of the 7th an extraordinary thing happened. It rained hard enough to
make a noise on the awning over us, and in the excitement we almost forgot that there
were only three more days between us and Cairo. We had begun to count the hours and
to dread that fatal bend in the river that would show us the pyramids at Sakkara, where
we were to spend our last night. We passed dahabiyehs with American and English
flags flying over them, and we were filled with
An Assuan Beggar.
An Artist in the Mouskie.
envy. Handkerchiefs and parasols were sympathetically waved at us, and at a distance we may have
looked cheerful; but it was a forlorn, childish feeling to be taken home because our time was up and our
dahabiyeh had another engagement. We felt that all the other boats knew our secret, and we even
suspected the crew of having become tired of us and only remaining civil in order to collect the present
that they were expecting.
Ghesiri’s suggestion that we spend the night of the 10th at Cairo seemed to prove that they were
anxious to have done with us; but we had no inclination to be tied to the bank at Cairo overnight, waiting
to be sent away in the morning before a crowd of natives, and among them, possibly, those other people
who had chartered our boat. We would wait at Sakkara, and not get to Cairo one minute before our time
was up.
On the 8th we visited a sugar-factory at
Tel-el-Amarna, and later on the same day passed our first landing-place,
Beni-Hassan.
By noon on the 9th we reached the fatal bend in the river and saw that we
were once more in the land of pyramids, and we were soon tied to the bank
beneath which once stood the city of Memphis. We rode to Marietta’s House,
past the pyramids and the colossal Rameses lying on his back among tall
palms, surrounded, for some reason, by a mud house, as if the great granite
figure had not already proved that it could continue its battle with time
unassisted by a few mud bricks and some tin roofing that is very much in the
way.
We lighted candles and walked through the hot, suffocating galleries of
the mausoleum, and peered into the huge granite sarcophagi that once held the
mummied sacred bulls. Then we rode to the tomb of Ti, and Ghesiri’s last
lecture was about that gentleman.
Our Bisharin Friends, Assuan.
Beni-Hassan.
In the distance was Cairo; and even a view of the pyramids at Gizeh and the citadel failed to console
us, and we still mourned our late month on the Nile. We took our last donkey-ride through the palms that
now grow where Memphis once stood, and reached the Nitocris by sundown.
By midday on the 10th, we shook hands with the crew and left the Nitocris tied to the bank where we
had first found her, just as though nothing had happened; and, after all, what had happened was this: six
more tourists had gone to the first cataract and back, and a few more Egyptian sketches had been made.
For us the performance of the Nile was at an end, and we were once more in the streets on our way to the
Ghezireh Hotel, with a determination to console ourselves with Cairo, which now looked to us, after our
stay in the country, like a full-grown European capital.
By January 10 the season had commenced
At Philæ.
and the prices of rooms had doubled. Since we left, several steamers from the west had brought an army
of tourists, who were turning Africa into New York, London, and Paris. And at the Casino, in the
Ghezireh Gardens, was as good an imitation of Monte Carlo as the law allows, but such a poor one that
even the Frenchmen who worked it seemed ashamed of themselves, and the New-Yorker who owned it
was very seldom seen there.
“As good an imitation of Monte Carlo as the law allows.”
At Shepheard’s there is always the man who has “been there before,” and like the same man at the
play, he sits beside you and interprets the picture. You finally promise that you will not go to the monskie
without him, and that you will not see the Sphinx by moonlight unless he is there; for if you do, not
having been there before, you will be sure to go too early or too late. He says the moon should be at just
such an angle and no other. The peddlers in the monskie know him, and while they entertain him with
little cups of sweet tea they complain that they have had no luck since they last saw him, and they ask
eagerly after that gentleman he brought to them the year before—the gentleman who had such exquisite
taste and backed it up so generously with his money. And you drink their tea, and feel, as you leave the
shops, after having only looked at their things, that they will never ask affectionately after you. The man
who has been there before generally walks in front of you, as if he were not as anxious to have you see
the place as he is to have you see that he knows his way about; and, after all, it is no small thing to be
proud of. If I ever go to the mouskie again, I shall pity the greenhorn who happens to be with me.
The bazaars are dirty, and so many pasty-faced Turks squatting about in the filth grow tiresome. At
first they are described in letters home as fascinating and picturesque, and whole days are spent with
them, buying hundreds of things that are destined to be left in hotel bureau drawers and gradually lost.
The souvenirs we buy in the mouskie seem to melt away. The precious stones we bought there turn to
glass, the slippers become pasteboard, the gilt things tarnish, and the brass-work bends itself into old
junk, and the mouskie is only a confused dream; so no wonder the old traveler is proud that he can
actually find his
“The man who has ‘been there before.’ ”
In a Coffee-house, Cairo.
way about in it. He had probably begun to think that there never had been such a place.
But Egypt is full of real things, and probably the most genuine thing of them all is the English
occupation. Egypt herself is the best proof of how necessary to her well-being this is. It is hard to tell just
how unhappy the fellaheen were before the English came. The Egyptian is not the sort of man that
complains. After centuries of oppression, he now accepts whatever form of government is offered in a
browbeaten way, and shuffles along after his donkey, and pays his tax for bringing a few bundles of
clover across the bridge into Cairo without a murmur; and, judging by his looks, I doubt if he would
make much disturbance if he found, some morning, that the tax on his clover had been doubled. He
evidently feels like a very small depositor in a broken bank. England is the largest creditor, and is
straightening things out for them both, and he is satisfied.
There never were so many cooks trying to spoil a broth. Before a consul-general is received by the
Khedive, the Sultan of Turkey must first approve of him, and it is said that the Sultan allows months to
go by before he gives his consent, which is his Oriental way of showing his authority. But Egypt is
geographically so important that, in spite of herself, she will be saved, and with England’s help she will
some day pay her debts, and in centuries to come the fellah may learn to hold his head up like the
Nubian.
There is no fear of Egypt becoming dull and commonplace, for if the East and the West should ever
fight, it must be for the possession of her canal; and many an unborn soldier’s reputation will be made
before the railroad that has started up the Nile’s valley reaches Cape Town. The same land that offers
death and reputation to the strong gives life to the weak, and the tired rich man on his dahabiyeh and the
soldier on the transport go up the Nile side by side, and in most cases they both find what they are in
search of.
Shepheard’s, in all probability, will forever remain a composite portrait of Europe and Asia, with
Cairo as its frame. Time has made, and probably will continue to make, some slight alteration in Upper
Egypt’s appearance; but the locomotive’s whistle will have difficulty in breaking the silence and calm of
Karnak and Thebes. And the present indications are that Egypt will remain true to the Pharaohs of old,
and until the judgment-day she will, in all probability (assisted by the Nile, who made her), continue to
quietly resist the attentions of modern nations, and patiently wait for that last day.
At Komombos.
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The integration of psychological, social, and biological components of human sexuality

2 Sex Research: Methods and Challenges 25

3 Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 45

4 Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 83

5 Gender Issues 106

6 Sexual Arousal and Response 140

7 Love and Communication in Intimate Relationships 171

8 Sexual Behaviors 214

9 Sexual Orientations 239

11 Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 301

12 Sexuality During Childhood and Adolescence 337

13 Sexuality and the Adult Years 363

14 Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 390

15 Sexually Transmitted Infections 424

16 Atypical Sexual Behavior 467

17 Sexual Coercion 480

18 Sex for Sale 516

Sex Research: Methods and Challenges 25

The Goals of Sexology 27

Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 45

The Labia Minora 48

Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology 83

Gender Issues 106

Sex and Gender 107

Sexual Arousal and Response 140

The Brain and Sexual Arousal 141

The Senses and Sexual Arousal 145

Love and Communication in Intimate

Sexual Behaviors 214

Gender Similarities and Differences in Sexual Fantasy 218

Sexual Orientations 239

A Continuum of Sexual Orientations 240

Historical and Social Perspectives 267

Conceiving Children: Process and Choice 301

Parenthood as an Option 302

Sexuality During Childhood and

Sexuality and the Adult Years 363

Single Living 364

Sexual Difficulties and Solutions 390

YOUR SEXUAL HEALTH Index of Sexual Satisfaction 393

Orgasm-Phase Difficulties 396

Sexually Transmitted Infections 424

LET’S TALK ABOUT IT Telling a Partner 428

Atypical Sexual Behavior 467

What Constitutes Atypical Sexual Behavior? 468

Sexual Coercion 480

Sexual Assault and Rape 481

Prevalence of Sexual Assault and Rape 483

Sex for Sale 516