DATA

SCIENCE
WHAT IS THE DATA SCIENCE?
Data Science is an interdisciplinary field
that combines elements of mathematics,
statistics, computer science, and domain-
specific expertise to extract insights and
knowledge from data. It involves using
various techniques and tools to analyze
and interpret complex data sets, often in
the context of business, healthcare,
finance, or other fields.
Data science is the study of data to extract
meaningful insights for business. It is a
multidisciplinary approach that combines
principles and practices from the fields of
mathematics, statistics, artificial intelligence,
and computer engineering to analyze large
amounts of data.
WHY IS DATA
SCIENCE
IMPORTANT IN
TODAY’S WORLD?
Data Science is essential in
today's world due to its vast
potential to drive innovation,
improve decision-making,
and transform various
aspects of our lives.
THE ROLE OF DATA
SCIENCTIST KEY
SKILLS REQUIRED
FOR DATA
Data scientists play a crucial role in
organizations by extracting insights
and knowledge from large datasets to
inform business decisions, drive
innovation, and improve operations.
THE DATA SCIENCE PROCESS

• Data collection
• Data cleaning
• Data analysis
• Data visualization
Interpretation and decision-
making
• Applications of Data Science
Data collection
Data collection is the process of gathering
data from various sources, including
internal and external sources, to support
business decisions, research, and
analysis. It involves identifying, extracting,
and organizing data from various formats
and sources.
Types of Data Collection:

1.Primary Data Collection: Collecting data

directly from the source, such as through
surveys, interviews, or experiments.
2.Secondary Data Collection: Collecting data
from existing sources, such as published
reports, articles, or databases.
3.Internal Data Collection: Collecting data
from within the organization, such as sales
data, customer information, or employee
records.
4.External Data Collection: Collecting data
from external sources, such as government
databases, social media, or online
marketplaces.
Data Cleaning
Data cleaning, also known as data
preprocessing, is the process of
identifying and correcting errors,
inconsistencies, and inaccuracies in a
dataset. The goal of data cleaning is to
ensure that the data is reliable, accurate,
and complete, which is essential for
making informed decisions and drawing
meaningful conclusions.
Types of Data Cleaning:

1.Data Inspection: Examining the data to

identify any errors, inconsistencies, or
missing values.
2.Data Validation: Verifying that the data
conforms to certain rules or standards.
3.Data Standardization: Converting data
into a consistent format.
4.Data Transformation: Converting data
from one format tog another.
5.Data Reduction: Reducing the amount
of data by removin unnecessary columns
or rows.
Data Analysis
Data analysis is the process of extracting insights
and patterns from data using various techniques
and tools. It involves applying statistical methods,
data visualization, and machine learning
algorithms to identify trends, correlations, and
relationships in the data. The goal of data
analysis is to turn data into actionable information
that can inform business decisions, solve
problems, and drive innovation.
Types of Data Analysis:

1.Descriptive Analysis: Describing the basic

features of the data, such as means, medians, and
modes.
2.Inferential Analysis: Making inferences about a
larger population based on a sample of data.
3.Predictive Analysis: Using statistical models to
forecast future outcomes or behaviors.
4.Prescriptive Analysis: Providing
recommendations for action based on the
analysis.
5.Text Analysis: Analyzing unstructured text data
to extract insights and meaning.
 Data Visualization, Interpretation,
and Decision-Making
Data visualization is the process of
creating graphical representations of data
to facilitate its understanding and
interpretation. The goal of data
visualization is to enable decision-makers
to quickly and easily identify trends,
patterns, and correlations in the data,
which can inform their decision-making.
Data Visualization Types:

1.Bar Charts: Comparing categorical data across

different groups.
2.Line Charts: Showing trends and patterns over
time.
3.Scatter Plots: Examining the relationship
between two continuous variables.
4.Heat Maps: Identifying patterns and relationships
in large datasets.
5.Tree Maps: Visualizing hierarchical data
structures.
6.Interactive Visualizations: Allowing users to
explore the data in real-time.
 THE DATA SCIENCE PROCESS

Data collection
Data Cleaning Data Analysis Data Visualization,
Interpretation, and
Decision-Making
Applications of Data Sci
• Marketing and advertising
• Healthcare
• Finance
• Transportation
• Education
 Marketing and advertising
Data science empowers marketing
teams to refine their campaigns
continuously. By leveraging data
analytics, A/B testing, and machine
learning algorithms, marketers can
make data-driven decisions and ensure
their efforts yield maximum ROI.
Marketing Applications:

• Customer Segmentation: Using data

science to segment customers based
on their behavior, demographics, and
preferences.
• Targeted Marketing: Using data
science to target specific audiences
with personalized messages and offers.
• Personalization: Using data science to
personalize marketing campaigns and
content based on individual customer
behavior and preferences.
Healthcare
Data science is
transforming the
healthcare industry by
providing insights and
improving outcomes.
Healthcare application
• Clinical Decision Support Systems:
Analyzing patient data to provide
personalized treatment recommendations.
• Predictive Analytics:
Identifying patients at risk of developing
chronic diseases, such as diabetes or heart
disease.
• Personalized Medicine:
Analyzing genomic data to identify targeted
treatments for individual patients.
Finance
Data science is transforming the
finance industry by providing
insights and improving decision-
making. Here are someData science
is transforming the finance industry
by providing insights and improving
decision-making.
Finance Application

1. Risk Management:
•Analyzing market data to identify potential
risks and develop strategies to mitigate them.
2. Portfolio Optimization:
•Using data science to optimize portfolio
performance by identifying the best asset
allocation.
3. Algorithmic Trading:
•Using data science to identify trading
opportunities and execute trades at optimal
times.
Transportation

Data science is transforming

the transportation industry by
Data science is transforming
the transportation industry by
providing insights and
improving operations.
Application of Transportation

1. Traffic Management:
Using data science to analyze traffic patterns
and optimize route planning for delivery services.
2. Predictive Maintenance:
Using data science to analyze equipment usage
patterns and optimize maintenance schedules.
3. Supply Chain Optimization:
Using data science to analyze supply chain
disruptions and optimize recovery strategies.
Education
Data science is
transforming the education
sector by providingData
science is transforming the
education sector by
providing insights and
improving learning
outcomes
Application of Education

1.. Personalized Learning:

•Analyzing student data to identify learning patterns and
provide personalized learning recommendations.
•Developing predictive models to forecast student
performance and optimize learning pathways.
2. Learning Analytics:
•Analyzing student data to identify areas of improvement
and optimize learning strategies.
•Developing predictive models to forecast student
engagement and optimize learning environments.
3. Academic Assessment:
•Analyzing assessment data to identify knowledge gaps
and provide targeted support.
•Developing predictive models to forecast student
performance on standardized tests.
 Applications of Data
Science

Healthcare
Marketing and Finance Transportation
advertising Education
 Tools and Technologies Used in
Data ScienceTools and
Technologies Used
• Programming languages (Python
and R) in Data Science
• Data visualization tools
(Tableau, Power BI)
• Machine learning algorithms
(Linear regression, Random
Forest)
• Big data technologies (Hadoop,
Programming languages
Python:
Tools and
Technologies Used
Python is one of the most popular programming languages in data
science, known for its simplicity, flexibility, and extensive libraries.

in Data Science
•Easy to learn: Python has a relatively small number of keywords and a clean
syntax, making it easy to learn for beginners.
•Flexible: Python can be used for a wide range of applications, from web
development to data analysis and machine learning.
•Extensive libraries: Python has a vast collection of libraries and frameworks that
make it easy to perform various tasks, such as data analysis, machine learning,
and web development.
•Large community: Python has a large and active community, which means there
are many resources available online, including tutorials, documentation, and
forums.
•Cross-platform: Python can run on multiple platforms, including Windows,
macOS, and Linux.
Programming
languages Tools and
R
Technologies Used
•R is a popular programming language in data science,
in Data Science
particularly in statistics and data visualization. Here are
some reasons why R is
•Statistical computing: R is particularly well-suited for
statistical computing and analysis, with many built-in
functions and libraries for statistical modeling.
•Data visualization: R has excellent data visualization
capabilities, with many libraries and packages available
for creating interactive and dynamic visualizations.
•Large community: R has a large and active
community, which means there are many resources
available online, including tutorials, documentation, and
forums.
•Free and open-source: R is free and open-source,
Data visualization tools
Tableau Tools and
Tableau is a popular data visualization tool that allows users to

Technologies Used
connect to various data sources, create interactive dashboards,
and share insights with others. Its key features include:

in Data Science
•Drag-and-drop interface: Easy to use, with a drag-and-drop
interface for creating visualizations.
•Connect to various data sources: Connect to various data
sources, including relational databases, cloud storage, and big
data platforms.
•Interactive dashboards: Create interactive dashboards that
allow users to explore data in real-time.
•Mobile support: Access visualizations on-the-go with mobile
apps.
Data visualization tools
Power BI
Tools and
allows usersTechnologies Used
Power BI is a business analytics service by Microsoft that
to create interactive dashboards and reports
from various data sources. Its key features include:
in Data Science
•Drag-and-drop interface: Easy to use, with a drag-and-
drop interface for creating visualizations.
•Connect to various data sources: Connect to various
data sources, including relational databases, cloud
storage, and big data platforms.
•Interactive dashboards: Create interactive dashboards
that allow users to explore data in real-time.
•Integration with Microsoft Office: Seamlessly integrate
with Microsoft Office applications, such as Excel and Word.
Machine Tools
Learning Algorithms
and
Technologies Used
Machine
in learning algorithms are
Data Science
used to analyze data and make
predictions or decisions without
being explicitly programmed
Linear Regression

Tools and
Linear regression is a supervised learning algorithm that
predicts a continuous output variable based on one or
Technologies Used
more input features. It's a linear model that assumes a
linear relationship between the input features and the
in Data Science
output variable.
•Simple to implement: Easy to implement and
understand, making it a great starting point for
beginners.
•Highly interpretable: Provides a clear understanding
of the relationships between input features and the
output variable.
•Works well for small datasets: Performs well on small
datasets with a small number of features.
Random Forest:
Tools and
Random Forest is a supervised learning algorithm that
combines multiple decision trees to improve the accuracy
Technologies Used
and robustness of the model. It's an ensemble learning
method that works well for classification and regression
tasks. in Data Science
•Highly accurate: Random Forest is known for its high
accuracy, even when dealing with complex datasets.
•Handles high-dimensional data: Can handle high-
dimensional data with many features.
•Robust to overfitting: Reduces overfitting by combining
multiple decision trees.
Big Data Tools
Technologies
and
Technologies Used
Big data technologies are designed to
in Data Science
handle the massive amounts of data
generated by various sources, including
social media, sensors, IoT devices, and
more. Here are some popular big data
technologies:
Hadoop:
Hadoop is an open-source big data processing
Tools and
framework that allows for the distributed processing of
Technologies Used
large datasets across a cluster of nodes. It's a popular
choice for storing and processing large amounts of
data. in Data Science
•Distributed processing: Hadoop can process large
datasets across a cluster of nodes, making it suitable
for big data applications.
•Scalability: Hadoop can scale horizontally to handle
large amounts of data and increase processing power.
•Fault tolerance: Hadoop is designed to handle node
failures, ensuring data availability and reliability.
Spark: Tools and
Apache Spark is an open-source big data processing engine that
Technologies Used
provides high-performance, in-memory data processing capabilities. It's
designed to handle large-scale data processing tasks and is compatible
with Hadoop.in Data Science
•High-performance processing: Spark provides high-performance
processing capabilities, making it suitable for real-time data processing.
•In-memory data processing: Spark processes data in memory,
reducing the need for disk I/O and improving performance.
•Scala-based API: Spark provides a Scala-based API for developers,
making it easy to integrate with other systems.
Challenges in Data Science

• Data privacy and

security
• Bias and ethical issues
• Scalability and
performance
• Lack of domain
ce Data privacy and security

Data Science is a field that involves working

with large amounts of data, and as such, it is
crucial to ensure the privacy and security of
that data. However, there are several
challenges that arise when trying to protect
data privacy and security in Data Science:
ce Bias and ethical issues
Data Science is a field that involves
working with large amounts of data to
extract insights and make predictions.
However, there are several challenges
that arise when working with data,
including bias and ethical issues. Here are
some of the challenges:
 Lack of domain expertise
ce
Lack of domain expertise is a
significant challenge in Data
Science. Here are some of the
challenges that arise when working
with data without domain expertise:
 Career
Opportunities in
Data Science
Data scientist
Data analyst
Machine learning
engineer
Data engineer
Business intelligence
analys
 Data scientist
A Data Scientist is a professional who
extracts insights and knowledge from
yst data to inform business decisions, solve
complex problems, and drive
innovation. Data Scientists work with
eer large datasets to identify patterns,
trends, and correlations, and use this
information to create predictive models,
recommend solutions, and optimize
business processes.
 Data scientist

Data analyst

A Data Analyst is a professional who

collects, organizes, and analyzes data to
help organizations make informed business
decisions. Data Analysts use statistical
eer
techniques and data visualization tools to
identify trends, patterns, and correlations in
data, and present their findings to
stakeholders
 Data scientist Data analyst

Machine learning
engineer
A Machine Learning Engineer is a
professional who designs, develops, and
deploys machine learning models and
algorithms to solve complex problems in
eer various industries. Machine Learning
Engineers use a combination of
programming skills, data analysis, and
domain knowledge to create intelligent
systems that can learn from data and make
predictions or decisions.
Data scientist Data analyst
Machine learning engineer

Data engineer
A Data Engineer is a professional who designs,
builds, and maintains the infrastructure that stores,
processes, and retrieves large amounts of data.
Data Engineers are responsible for ensuring that
data is accurate, reliable, and accessible to
stakeholders, and are often involved in the
development of data pipelines, data warehousing,
and data governance.
Data scientist Data analyst
Machine Data engineer
learning engineer

Business intelligence
analyst
A Business Intelligence (BI) Analyst is a
professional who helps organizations make
better decisions by analyzing and interpreting
data to identify trends, patterns, and insights. BI
Analysts use various tools and techniques to
extract, transform, and load data from multiple
sources, and then create reports, dashboards,
and visualizations to help stakeholders
understand the data and make informed
decisions.
 Career
Opportunities in
Data Science

Data scientist Data engineer

Machine learning engineer

Data analyst Business intelligence an

Data Science: The Future of Decision-Making
Data Science has revolutionized the way we make decisions, drive
business growth, and solve complex problems. By leveraging
advanced analytics, machine learning, and data visualization
techniques, Data Scientists can extract insights from vast amounts of
data, uncover hidden patterns, and identify opportunities for
improvement.
In today's data-driven world, Data Science has become a critical
component of many organizations, enabling them to make informed
decisions, optimize processes, and innovate products and services.
The field is constantly evolving, with new technologies and
techniques emerging to help Data Scientists tackle complex
problems and stay ahead of the curve.
As Data Science continues to evolve, we can expect to see even
more innovative applications of data-driven insights, such as:

• Predictive Maintenance: Using machine learning algorithms to

predict equipment failures and optimize maintenance schedules.
• Personalized Medicine: Analyzing genomic data to develop
personalized treatment plans for patients.
• Intelligent Systems: Developing AI-powered systems that can
learn from data and make decisions autonomously.
• Environmental Sustainability: Using data analytics to monitor
and manage environmental impacts, such as climate change and
resource depletion.
In conclusion, Data Science is a
powerful tool that has the
potential to transform industries,
drive business growth, and
improve lives. As the field
continues to evolve, we can
expect to see even more exciting
applications of data-driven
insights in the years to come.
REFERENCE:

Books
• Data Science for Business" by Foster Provost and Tom Fawcett - A comprehensive guide to
data science and its applications in business.
• "Python Machine Learning" by Sebastian Raschka - A detailed guide to machine learning using
Python.
• "R Programming" by Hadley Wickham - A comprehensive guide to R programming and data
analysis.
• "Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques" by Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, and Jian Pei - A
classic textbook on data mining.
• "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning" by Christopher Bishop - A comprehensive guide
to machine learning and pattern recognition.
Online Courses:
• "Data Science Specialization" by Johns Hopkins University on Coursera - A comprehensive
series of courses on data science.
• "Machine Learning with Python" by Andrew Ng on Coursera - A popular course on machine
learning using Python.
• "Data Analysis with Python" by DataCamp - A comprehensive course on data analysis using
Python.
• "R Programming" by DataCamp - A comprehensive course on R programming.
• "Deep Learning Specialization" by Stanford University on Coursera - A comprehensive series
REFERENCE:

Research Papers
• "Sca"A Survey of Deep Learning Techniques for Natural Language Processing" by Yoon
Kim et al. (2014) - A comprehensive survey of deep learning techniques for NLP.
• lable Deep Learning Architectures for Recommendation Systems" by Houssam Nassar et
al. (2017) - A research paper on scalable deep learning architectures for recommendation
systems.
• "Deep Learning for Computer Vision: An Overview" by Andrew Zisserman et al. (2015) -
A comprehensive overview of deep learning for computer vision.
• "A Survey of Natural Language Processing Techniques" by Chin-Yew Lin et al. (2012) - A
comprehensive survey of NLP techniques.
• "Big Data Analytics: A Survey" by Xiaoyuan Yang et al. (2016) - A comprehensive survey
of big data analytics.
Blogs
• KDnuggets - A popular blog on AI, machine learning, and data science.
• Data Science Central - A community-driven blog on data science and analytics.
• Towards Data Science - A popular blog on data science and AI.
• Machine Learning Mastery - A blog on machine learning and AI.
• Analytics Vidhya - A blog on data science, analytics, and machine learning.
REFERENCE:

Conferences
• International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML)
• Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS)
• International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI)
• Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
• Data Science Conference

Journals
• Journal of Machine Learning Research
• IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
• Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
• ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data
• IEEE Transactions on Data Engineering
GROUP 7

TITLE: DATA SCIENCE

LEADER: NIXON P. SAISES

MEMBER:
JUSHMART C. CLAVERIA
SYDNEY JHIEL TIONGSON
JOSHUA LIEL ALIA
JULY CHRISTIAN W. POLINIO