PRACTICAL RECORD

FORENSIC MEDICINE & TOXICOLOGY

BHIMA BHOI MEDICAL COLLEGE, BALANGIR

Name of Student____________________________
Class_______________ Roll No.________________
University Roll No. ___________________________

Courtesy:
Social Service Guild
Students Union
BhimaBhoi Medical College
BALANGIR – 767002
 FOREWORD
Theory needs to be supported by application
and practice. This practical record will help the
students of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology to
apply the theories to various practical aspects and
medico-legal issues of importance. Theory and
practice will complement each other to guide the
student towards experiential learning and skill
development.

Head of the Department

Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
BhimaBhoi Medical College, Balangir
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO._____________ REGD. NO. _________
Certificate of Completion:

Demonstrator/ Assistant Professor Professor

Tutor

This book has been presented in the University Practical Examination held in
the month ____________ Year ________ .

Signature of the Examiner

3rd Professional M.B.B.S. Part - 1 Examination
 INSTRUCTION FOR THE STUDENTS
1. Use of a clean apron/ overcoat is mandatory in the
practical hall.
2. Each student shall bring his/ her practical record, a piece
of clean linen, a measuring tape, a hand lens to the
practical hall.
3. It is the duty of each student to maintain cleanliness at
his/ her own table.
4. Do not litter or damage the specimens/ exhibits/
chemicals provided.
5. Practical class is a two-way process. So students are
advised not to be hesitant in asking for instructions or
clarifying their doubts.
6. Completed practical records are to be submitted for
correction and endorsement in each class.
7. After the University Examinations are over, students
may collect their practical records for safe keeping &
future use.

--XXX--
 INDEX
SL No. ITEM Page
1 POST MORTEM CASE SHEETS – 10 CASES

2 POST MORTEM INSTRUMENTS

3 PERSONAL IDENTITY
(i) RACE
(ii) STATURE FROM LONG BONES
(iii) SEX DETERMINATION FROM BONES
(iv) CENTRES OF OSSIFICATION
(v) AGE ESTIMATION FROM BONES
(vi) AGE ESTIMATION FROM DENTAL STATUS
(vii) STUDY OF HAIRS AND FIBRES
(viii) DACTYLOGRAPHY
4 INJURY REPORT

5 EXAMINATION OF WEAPONS

6 WET SPECIMENS & MODELS

7 STUDY OF PHOTOGRAPHS

8 STUDY OF X-RAY PLATES

9 BLOOD STAINS

10 SEMINAL STAINS (SPERMATOZOA)

11 SEX OFFENCE EXAMINATION

12 APPLIANCES & ANTIDOTES

13 DRUNKENNESS EXAMINATION

14 TOXICOLOGY
 POSTMORTEM INSTRUMENTS
Identify the instruments and mention their uses in autopsy.
 POSTMORTEM INSTRUMENTS
Identify the instruments and mention their uses in autopsy.
 RACE
Cephalic Index = ( maximum breadth of skull / maximum length
of skull ) x 100
Dolichocephaly Mesaticephaly Brachycephaly
70 to 74.9 75 to 79.9 80 to 85

Other Indices :-

Height Index of skull –

Brachial Index – (length of radius / length of humerus) x 100

Crural Index – (length of tibia / length of femur) x 100

Humero Femoral Index – (length of humerus/length of femur)

x 100

Intermembral Index – [(length of humerus + radius) / (length of

femur + tibia)] x 100
ESTIMATION OF STATURE FROM LONG BONES

Stature = length of long bone x Multiplication Factor(specific for that

bone)
PAN Formula
Name of long bone M.F. for male M.F. for female
FEMUR 3.81 3.80
TIBIA 4.46 4.43
FIBULA 4.49 4.46
HUMERUS 5.31 5.31
ULNA 6.0 6.0
RADIUS 6.70 6.80

Measure the long bones provided and determine the respective

statures.

1.Name of the bone : ________ sex :______

The height of the individual is about ______________________

2.Name of the bone : ________ sex : ______

The height of the individual is about ______________________

3.Name of the bone : ________ sex : ______

The height of the individual is about ______________________

4.Name of the bone : ________ sex : ______

The height of the individual is about ______________________

5.Name of the bone : ________ sex : ______

The height of the individual is about ______________________

6.Name of the bone : ________ sex : ______

The height of the individual is about ______________________
N.B. : other formulae for stature are Karl Pearson’s and Trotter Gleser’s
SEX DETERMINATION FROM SKELETAL REMAINS

A. SKULL
Traits Male Female

How to write a Medico-legal Report ?

1. Address To the Inspector-in-Charge, __________ P.S., District –

2. Subject Examination of supplied exhibit & report there of.

3. Reference ______ P.S. Case No. ___ Dated ____ U/S ____

4. Brought & produced by Name & Number of Constable; Signature

5. Date & Time of arrival Date & Time of examination

6. Notes on mode of sealing & packing of the produced exhibits

7. Examination & Observations

8. Inference/Opinion

9. Doctor’s Signature with date

SEX DETERMINATION FROM SKELETAL REMAINS

B. STERNUM
Traits Male Female

C. FEMUR
Traits Male Female
SEX DETERMINATION FROM SKELETAL REMAINS

D. PELVIC BONE
Traits Male Female
SEX DETERMINATION FROM SKELETAL REMAINS

E. SACRUM
Traits Male Female

F. MANDIBLE
Traits Male Female
 AGE DETERMINATION FROM LONG BONES

A. FEMUR

B. HUMERUS

C. RADIUS

D.ULNA

E.TIBIA

F.FIBULA
 AGE DETERMINATION FROM FLAT BONES

A. PELVIC BONE

B. SKULL

C. MANDIBLE

D. SACRUM

E. STERNUM
 AGE ESTIMATION FROM STUDY OF DENTITION

Eruption of TEMPORARY/ DECIDUOUS teeth:-

Teeth Central Lateral Canine Molar 1 Molar 2
Incisor Incisor
Upper 7-9 mth 7-9 mth 17-18 mth 12-14mth 20-30 mth
Lower 6-8 mth 10-12mth 17-18 mth 12-14mth 20-30 mth

Eruption of PERMANENT teeth:- (values in years)

Teeth CI LI Canine PM1 PM2 M1 M2 M3
Upper 7-8 8-9 11-13 9-11 10-12 6-7 12-14 17-25
Lower 7 8-9 11-13 9-11 10-12 6-7 12-14 17-25

Dental chart showing MIXED DENTITION:-

Age in Temporary Permanent Total
years Teeth Teeth
6 20 4(1st molar) 24
7 16 8(M1 + CI) 24
8 12 12(M1 + CI + LI) 24
9 8 16(M1 + CI + LI + PM1) 24
10 4 20(M1+CI+LI+PM1+PM2) 24
11 0 24(M1+CI+LI+PM1+PM2+C) 24

Age estimation report from Dentition

To
The Inspector-in-Charge, __________ P.S.,
District –
Subject: Age estimation of __________, S/D/O__________ from dental
Examination and report.
Reference: _____________ P.S. Case No. ___ Dated ____ U/S ____

Brought & identified by ______________C/______,_____________P.S.;

Signature:
Date & Time of arrival:
Date & Time of examination:

Consent: I voluntarily give my consent for my examination.

Signature:
General examination:

Height: ______; Weight: __________;

Secondary Sexual character: __________________________________
Dental examination:

Dental chart:

Inference/Opinion:

Doctor’s Signature with date

 STUDY OF HAIRS & FIBRES
Points to be looked for:
1. Is the material, hair or some other fibre?
2. If hair, whether it is of human or animal origin?
3. If human, from which part of the body?
4. It belongs to male or female?
5. Can the age of the individual estimated?
6. Special features, if any?

Character of Human Hair:

Character of Animal Hair:

Fibres:
 Fingerprints of Right Hand
finger Thumb Index Middle Ring little

Print

type

Fingerprints of Left Hand

finger Thumb Index Middle Ring little

Print

type
 DACTYLOGRAPHY
Galton’s System:

Finger Print:

Types of Finger Print with diagram:

A. Arch

B.Loop

C.Whorl

D.Composite
 FORM OF MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF WOUNDED PERSONS

F.I.R. No. of___________

Station Diary entry of
No. dated

To
The Civil Surgeon___________________________
MEDICAL OFFICER-IN-CHARGE
Sir,

I have the honour to request the favour of your examining _____________

______________ son of __________________, resident of _________________
sent to the hospital on _______________ after satisfying yourself that he/ she
consents to examination. The question(s) and answer(s) on the point may kindly
be certified at the place provided on the back of the form.
The columns of the form should be filled in and the form returned in
duplicate with such remarks you consider necessary to show clearly your opinion
of the cause of the injuries.
Should there be any fear of the case terminating fatally or should
unfavourable symptoms develop at any time, immediate information should be
given to the Court Sub-Inspector and to me so that steps may be taken to have
the dying declaration recorded by Magistrate.
All that is known of the case at present is as follows :-

Yours faithfully

Police-Station Sub-Inspector of Police

To
The Sub-Inspector of Police Police-Station
Sir,

I have the honour to forward herewith the result of my examination of

___________________ son of _________________ resident of _____________

Name of the Size of each On what part Whether By what

injury i.e. injury i.e. of the body “simple” kind of
whether a length, breadth, inflicted or weapon Remarks
cut, bruise or depth “grievous” inflicted
burn etc.
1 2 3 4 5 6

I certify that the said was asked

the question(s) noted below and gave the answer(s) recorded –
Question asked :-
Reply given :-

Yours faithfully

Date __________ 20 Designation ______________

LABELLED DIAGRAMS OF WEAPONS
 STUDY OF WEAPON OF OFFENCE(BLUNT/SHARP)
Describe the weapon, make a labelled diagram and mention the
injuries possible by such weapon.

1.

2.

3.

4.
LABELLED DIAGRAMS OF WEAPONS
 STUDY OF WEAPON OF OFFENCE(BLUNT/SHARP)
Describe the weapon, make a labelled diagram and mention the
injuries possible by such weapon.

5.

6.

7.

8.
HOW TO WRITE A REPORT OF WEAPON EXAMINATION?
Addressed to:

Sub :

Ref :

Brought & produced by:

Date & time when produced: when examined:

Description of packing:

Description of label, seal and signature:

Description of weapon: labelled diagram

Parts –

Dimensions –

Weight-

Stains –

Trace evidences –

Special character, if any-

Opinion :-
 WET SPECIMEN & MODELS
Salient features of specimens/ models
 WET SPECIMEN & MODELS
Salient features of specimens/ models
 WET SPECIMEN & MODELS
Salient features of specimens/ models
 STUDY OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Salient Features Impression
 STUDY OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Salient Features Impression
 STUDY OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Salient Features Impression
 STUDY OF RADIOGRAPHS(X-RAY PLATES)
Purpose of study of radiographs:

1.

2.

3.

What is ossification test?

What is a primary ossification centre?

What are secondary ossification centres?

What are the bones or joints to be usually exposed to radiological

examination for different age groups?

What are the conditions those lead to fallacious ossification results?

What is the universal precaution to be taken before subjecting a

female to radiological examination?
 STUDY OF RADIOGRAPHS(X-RAY PLATES)
Secondary Females Males
ossification Appearance Fusion Appearance Fusion
centres In years In years In years In years
Head of humerus 1 14-16 1 14-18

Trochlea 10 10-12 11 11-16

Capitulum

Medial epicondyle 5 14 7 16

Lateral epicondyle 10 10-12 12 11-16

Olecranon process 9-12 15 11-13 17

Head of radius 6 14 8 16

Distal end of radius 1 16.5-18 1 16-17

Distal end of ulna 8-10 17 10-11 18

1st metacarpal base 3 14-15 4 16-18

Head of femur 1 14-15 1 16-19

Greater trochanter - 14 - 17

Lesser trochanter - 15-16 - 15-17

Lower end of femur Before birth 14-17 Before birth 14-17

Upper end tibia Shortly before 14-15 Shortly before 15-17

or after birth or after birth
Upper end fibula - 14-16 - 11-16

Lower end tibia - 14.1-14.4 - 16

Lower end fibula - 13-15 - 14-16

Ischiopubic ramus - 8.5 - 8.5

Triradiate cartilage 14 - 15-16 -

Ischial tuberosity 14-16 20 16-18 20

Iliac crest 14 17-19 17 19-20

 STUDY OF RADIOGRAPHS(X-RAY PLATES)
Positive findings Inference
 STUDY OF RADIOGRAPHS(X-RAY PLATES)
Positive findings Inference
Labelled diagram of human RBC under microscope

Haemin Crystals(Teichmann’s test)

Haemochromogen Crystals (Takayama’s Test)

 EXAMINATION OF BLOOD STAINS
Physical characteristics:

State –

Description of source –

Solubility –

Chemical examination:

Reaction –

Screening tests –

Phenolphthalein Test

Benzedine Test

Microscopic Examination:

Examination for evidence of cells ( RBCs) & species identification

1. Characteristic appearance of human RBC:

2. Appearance of RBC of other source

3. How to collect a blood stain for examination?

 EXAMINATION OF BLOOD STAINS
Micro-chemical Tests: confirmatory tests for presence of Hb.

1. Haemin crystal test:

Principle –

Procedure –

Observation –
Inference –
Fallacies –

2. Haemochromogen crystal test:

Constituents of Takayama Reagent -

Principle –

Procedure –

Observation –
Inference –
Fallacies –
LABELLED DIAGRAM OF INTACT SPERMATOZOA
MICROSCOPIC DEMONSTRATION OF SPERMATOZOA
Identifying features of intact spermatozoa:

Medico Legal Importance:

 DEATH CERTIFICATION
Case History:

MrsBimalaJalan, a 65 year old obese female was admitted to the ICU (ICU-3/ BBMCH) with dyspnea
and moderate retrosternal pain of 3 hours duration, which did not respond to nitroglycerin. There
was past history of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension and episodes of non-
exertional chest pain, diagnosed as angina pectoris for 8 years. Over the next 72 hours, she
developed a significant elevation in CPKMB, confirming an Acute Myocardial Infarction. A Type-II
second degree AV block developed and a temporary pace-maker was put in place. Subsequently she
developed dyspnea with fluid retention and cardiomegaly on chest radiograph. On the 7 th day of
hospitalization, she suddenly developed chest pain and increased dyspnea during ambulation. Acute
Pulmonary Embolism was suspected and IV Heparin was started. Ventilation/Perfusion scan and
arterial blood gas analysis confirmed a pulmonary embolism. One hour later, she became
unresponsive and resuscitation efforts failed. She was declared clinically dead at 1:00PM on 9.2.23.

Name of Hospital ___________________________________________________________________

I hereby certify that the person whose particulars are given below died in the this hospital Ward
Number _________________________ on __________________ at ______________AM/PM.

Name of the Deceased ________________________ S/D/W of __________________________

Address _____________________________________________________________________

Sex Age at Death

Male If one year or more, If less than one year If less than one If less than one
Female age in years age in months month age in days day, age in hours

Cause of Death Interval between

onset and death
I. Immediate Cause a. Due to (as a consequence of)
(State the disease, injury or complication,
which caused death, not the mode of death
such as heart failure, asthenia etc.)
Antecedent Cause b. Due to (as a consequence of)
(Morbid conditions, if any, giving rise to the c.
above cause, stating the underlying
condition last)
II. Other significant conditions contributing to the death but not related to the diseases causing it.

Manner of Death: How did the injury occur?

1.Natural 2.Accident 3.Suicide 4.Homicide 5.Pending Investigation
If deceased was a female, was there a pregnancy associated? 1.Yes 2.No
If yes, was there a delivery? 1.Yes 2.No
Name and signature of the Medical Officer certifying the cause of death:

Date of verification _____________ _____________________________

Case History:

Rani Kumbhar, a 35 year old gravid-3, para-2 woman having gestational hypertension came to the
labour room in 36 weeks pregnancy. She complained of severe abdominal cramping and vaginal
bleeding with large clots over the preceding 12 hours indicating a condition of Abruptio Placentae.
The bleeding from vagina continued and she started to bleed from phlebotomy sites as well. She
passed into shock. Fetal heart sounds were not audible. Blood and clotting factors were
administered. Still the blood pressure could not be maintained. Disseminated intravascular
coagulation was suspected. After 1 hour of admission, the mother and fetus both died at 1:30 AM of
20.04.2023. Fill up the death certificate in this case.

Name of Hospital ___________________________________________________________________

I hereby certify that the person whose particulars are given below died in the this hospital Ward
Number _________________________ on __________________ at ______________AM/PM.

Name of the Deceased ________________________ S/D/W of __________________________

Address _____________________________________________________________________

Sex Age at Death

Male If one year or more, If less than one If less than one If less than one
Female age in years year age in month age in day, age in
months days hours
Cause of Death Interval
between onset
and death
II. Immediate Cause d. Due to (as a consequence of)
(State the disease, injury or complication, which
caused death, not the mode of death such as heart
failure, asthenia etc.)
Antecedent Cause e. Due to (as a consequence of)
(Morbid conditions, if any, giving rise to the above f.
cause, stating the underlying condition last)
III. Other significant conditions contributing to the death but not related to the diseases
causing it.

Manner of Death: How did the injury occur?

1.Natural 2.Accident 3.Suicide 4.Homicide 5.Pending Investigation
If deceased was a female, was there a pregnancy associated? 1.Yes 2.No
If yes, was there a delivery? 1.Yes 2.No

Name and signature of the Medical Officer certifying the cause of death:

Date of verification ____________ ____________________________

 EXAMINATION OF ACCUSED IN SEXUAL OFFENCE
Ref:
Name ________________________Age ______S/O ______________________
of ____________________ P.S. _______________ Dist. ___________________
Brought & identified by:
1. ________________________ 2. ______________________
________________________ ______________________
Marks of Identification: i) ii)
Consent:

Witness: (signature of the subject/

i)________________________ if minor, then guardian)
________________________
ii)________________________
_________________________ (signature of the doctor)
General body built & development:
Secondary sexual characters:Pubic Hair Axillary Hair: Moustache:
Beard: Seminal discharge: Adam’s appleHoarseness of voice
Marital history:
Contact history: Last act of coitus:

History of bath & toilet: Wearing Apparels:

History of the event as narrated by the subject:

Injuries on the person of the subject:

Local examination of the genital organs/ private parts:
a) General appearance:
b) Penis:
c) Scrotum and testicles:
d) Prepuce:
e) Fraenulum:
f) Glans:
g) Any discharge or secretion:
h) Any injury, if present:
i) Any other
LABORATORY TEST REPORT:
Iodine test from Glans (where possible)
Urethral Smear for Gonococci Pus Cells Epithelial cells
R.B.C. SpermatozoaOthers if any:
Blood Grouping V.D.R.L. H.I.V. (Vide Report No. _______)
Samples preserved:
Type of sample Mode of preservation Mode of packing
1.
2.
3.
OPINION:

Date: (signature of doctor)

EXAMINATION OF SURVIVOR OF SEXUAL OFFENCE

Ref:
Name ________________________Age ______S/O ______________________
of ____________________ P.S. _______________ Dist. ___________________
Brought & identified by:
1. ________________________ 2. ______________________
________________________ ______________________
Marks of Identification: i) ii)
Consent:

Witness: (signature of the subject/

i)________________________ if minor, then guardian)
________________________
ii)________________________
_________________________ (signature of the doctor)
General body built & development:

Secondary sexual characters:

Menstrual history: Marital history, abortion & childbirth:

Contact history: Last act of coitus:

History of bath & toilet: Wearing Apparels:

History of the event as narrated by the subject:
Injuries on the person of the subject:

Local examination of the genital organs/ private parts:

a) General appearance:
b) Any discharge or secretion:
c) Labia Majora:
d) Labia Minora:
e) Vaginal introitus:
f) Hymen:
g) Fossa navicularis:
h) Forchette:
i) Posterior commissure:
j) Any injury, if present:
k) Any other:
Laboratory test report:
Vaginal Smear:a) Spermatozoab) R.B.C.c) Pus
Cellsd)Gonococcie)Trichomonasf)Other Bacteriag)Vaginal epithelial cellh)
foreign body
Blood:Grouping: HIV test: VDRL: Hbs Ag
Urine for Pregnancy (Kit Test): Positive / Negative
Ultrasound for pregnancy / internal injury
X-ray for injury
Type of sample Mode of preservation Mode of packing
1.
2.
3.
OPINION:

Date: (Signature of doctor)

APPLIANCES USED IN DEALING A CASE OF POISONING
1. Stomach Wash Tube (Ewald’s):

2. Ryle’s Tube:

3. Catheter:

4. Tourniquette:
ANTIDOTES
What is an antidote?

1. Activated Charcoal(physical antidote):

2. Potassium Permanganate:

3. Atropine (physiological):

4. ASV:

5. Chelating Agents:
 EXAMINATION OF A CASE OF DRUNKENNESS
To

The Medical Officer-in-Charge,

Casualty, BBMC&H, Balangir
Sub: Examination of Shakti Singh (43 years) S/O Sainath Singh of Jharsuguda
PS- Jharsuguda Town for Drunkenness Certificate
Ref: BalangirSadar P.S. Case No. 137 Dt. 15.07.2023 U/S Sec 279/304(A) IPC
and Sec 185 MV Act
Madam/Sir,
I hereby request the medical examination of one Shakti Singh, Truck
Driver by occupation and arrested in a hit and run case, escorted by constable
No.C/169, Sri Robert Ekka, for purpose of drunkenness certificate. At the time
of arrest the subject was abusive and smell of alcohol was noticed in his
breath.
Yours faithfully

IIC, Sadar P.S. Balangir

REPORT OF DRUNKENNESS
To
The IIC, Sadar P.S., Balangir
Sub: Certificate of drunkenness in respect of Shakti Singh S/O Sainath Singh of
Jharsuguda
Ref: 1) BalangirSadar P.S. Case No. 137 Dt. 15.07.2023 U/S Sec 279/304(A)
IPC and Sec 185 MV Act
2) MLC No. ______ /BBMCH Dated ______
Sir,
I hereby furnish the report of examination of Shakti Singh in connection
to above mentioned subject and reference.

Brought and Identified by: Signature:

Date & Time of Arrival:

Date & Time of Examination:
CONSENT
On being fully explained about the nature of examination, I Smt/Sri _________
___________ S/D/W of ________________ ofVill/ Town _________________
PS _________ hereby voluntarily give my consent for complete physical
examination, recording of findings, collection of necessary biological samples
for laboratory analysis and any other investigation as recommended by the
examining doctor.
Witness:
i)
ii) (Signature/LTI of patient or
Guardian)

Marks of Identification: 1)
2)
Brief History of the case: (As narrated by …………………)

Alcohol Consumption History:

Weekly alcohol intake ________ Quantity of alcohol in last 24 hours _______
Type of alcohol ______ 1st drink at _____ AM/PM Last drink at _____ AM/PM

General Examination:
Built – Obese/Medium/Lean Height ____ cm Weight _____ Kg
Pulse ____ /min BP _____ mmHg Breathing rate _____ min

Speech – normal/incoherent/stuttering/over precise/thick slurred

Demeanour – sober/talkative/boastful/abusive/aggressive/calm
Mood – elated/over confident/depressed
Clothing – decent/dishevelled/soiled/torn
Smell of alcohol – yes / no Excessive Sweating – yes / no
Face – normal/flushed/pale Conjunctiva – normal/congested
Pupils – normal/dilated/constricted Reaction to Light – normal / sluggish
Nystagmus – lateral gaze yes/no vertical gaze yes/no
Mouth – salivation/vomitus Tongue – clean/moist/dry/furred
Gait – normal/wide/stumbling/consciously tries to control
Reflexes – normal/exaggerated/dampened
Orientation to time & place – good/bad Reaction time – normal/increased

Tests for eliciting Incoordination:

Romberg’s Test: Able/Unable to follow instructions
Swaying of Body marked/moderate/absent
Finger & Nose Test: Able/Unable to follow instructions
Able/Unable to perform
Walk & Turn Test: Able/Unable to walk in a straight line
Able/Unable to turn on command without stumbling
Reaction Time to commands – normal/delayed
When asked to write his/her name: Hesitation yes/no Tremor yes/no
Rhythmicity yes/no Alignment yes/no
Tests for neuromuscular incoordination:
Asked to pick up a coin – able/stuggles/unable
Asked to unbutton shirt and button it again – able/struggles/unable
Samples Preserved: Venous Blood ____ ml Preservative _____________
(Mode of packing - …………………………………………………………...)
Urine _____ ml Preservative _____________________

OPINION
Based on the clinical examination and laboratory analysis of the preserved
Samples, I am of the opinion that the above subject has:-
i)consumed alcohol and is under its influence.
ii) consumed alcohol but not under its influence.
iii) not consumed alcohol.

Place
Date (Signature of Doctor)
 LABEL TO BE ATTACHED TO VISCERA JARS
_______________ Medical College Hospital Morgue, ____________
PM No. ____________ Date ______________
Ref:
Name _____________________S/D/W of ______________________
Resident of ________________ P.S. ______________ DIST ________
Viscera preserved: (stomach and its contents, liver, kidneys, portion
of intestine) any other –
Preservative used: saturated solution of common salt/rectified spirit
(Autopsy surgeon)
LIST OF VISCERA TO BE USUALLY PRESERVED:
Stomach and its contents
About 50 cm of upper part of intestine
About 500 grams of liver (whole in case of child)
Halves of each kidney
USUAL PRESERVATIVES:
Saturated solution of common salt – except in aconite, mineral acids, heavy
metals
Rectified spirit – except for alcohol, chloroform, carbolic acid, phosphorous,
paraldehyde, acetic acid.
SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES:
Brain & spinal cord in CNS poisons
Skin, nails, hair, bones in chronic heavy metal poisoning
Blood in case of carbon monoxide, alcohol, HCN
Urine in case of narcotics, alcohol, carbolic acid, aconite
Uterus in criminal abortion.
 CORROSIVE ACIDS
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Hydrochloric Acid

Nitric Acid

Sulphuric Acid

Carbolic Acid

Oxalic Acid
 POISONS
Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI
 CAUSTIC ALKALIES
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium carbonate

Potassium hydroxide

Ammonia
 POISONS

Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI

 INORGANIC IRRITANTS
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Nonmetalic:

Phosphorous

Metallic:

Arsenic

Mercury

Lead

Copper
 POISONS

Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI

 ORGANIC IRRITANTS (PLANT)
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Castor seeds

Croton seeds

AbrusPrecatorius

Capsicum Annum

SemicarpusAnacardium
 POISONS

Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI

 ANIMAL IRRITANTS
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Snakes

Scorpion

Cantharides
 POISONS
Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI
 NEUROTICS
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features
Sominiferous:

Opium

Inebriants:

Alcohol

Ether

Chloroform
 NEUROTICS
Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI
 DELIRIANT/SPINAL/HYPNOTIC
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Dhatura

Cannabis Indica

Nux Vomica

Barbiturate
 POISONS
Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI
 CARDIAC
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Aconite

CereberaThevetia

Nerium

Nicotine
 POISONS
Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI
 AGRICULTURAL
Name Physical characteristic Clinical features

Organophosphates

Organo chlorines
 POISONS
Source FD & FP Treatment P.M. Appearance MLI