PHYSICAL SECURITY

• It is the broadest branch of

security.

• It is the physical measures

adopted to prevent unauthorized
access to equipment, facilities,
materials, and documents, and to
safeguard them against espionage,
sabotage damage, and theft.
❑ Barriers

➢ Refers to any physical

structure whether natural
or man-made capable of
restricting, deterring,
delaying, and preventing
illegal and unauthorized
access to an installation.
 2 types of barriers

NATURAL BARRIER-

These are offered by nature which

could obstruct or delay the
passageway of potential intruders.
These also refer to natural structures
that serve as deterrents or
obstructions to intruders such as
high cliffs, canyons, deserts, or
bodies of water.
•Man-made barriers- these
are structural constructions
like fences, walls, floors,
grills, bars, roadblocks, or
other physical means to deter
or impede penetration.
❑ Perimeter barrier

➢ It is a medium or
structure that defines
the physical limits of
installations or areas to
restrict or impede access.

➢ It is the first line of

defense of an installation.
❑ Depth of Defense

1. First line of defense – located in

the outermost area of an
installation like a fence.
2. Second line of defense – doors,
floors, windows, walls and grills.

3. Third line of defense – storage

system like safes, vaults and file
rooms.
Clear Zone
• It is an unobstructed area
maintained on both sides of the
perimeter barrier.
• A clear zone of 20ft or more is
desirable between the barrier
and extension structure.
❑ Types of Perimeter Barrier

1. Fences
2. Walls
3. Bodies of Water
❑ FENCE

➢ It is an independent
structure designed to
control physical and visual
access between outside
areas.
Types of Fence

1. Solid Fence

➢ It is constructed
in such a way
that visual
access is
denied.
2. Full-view fence

➢ It is constructed in such
a way that visual
access is permitted
through the fence.
❑ Types of Wire Fence

1. Chain Link Fence

a. It must be constructed at least

7 feet tall excluding top guard.
b. It must be of 9 gauge or
heavier.
c. The mesh openings are not
larger than 2 inches per side.
e. It should be twisted and
barbed salvage at the top
and bottom.
f. It must be securely fastened
to rigid metal or reinforced
concrete.
g. It must reach within 2 inches
of hard ground or paving.
h. On soft ground, it must
reach below the surface
deep enough to contemplate
shifting soil and sand.
2. Barbed Wire Fence

a. Standard barbed wire should be

twisted, double strand, 12 gauge wire
with 4 point barbs, spaced on equal
distant apart.
b. Barbed wire fencing should not be less
than 7 feet high excluding top guard.
c. Barbed wire fencing must be firmly
affixed to post not more than 6 feet
apart.
d. The distance between strands should
not exceed 6 inches and at least one
wire will be interlaced vertical and
midway between posts.
3. Concertina Wire Fence

a. Standard concertina barbed wire

is a commercially manufactured
wire coil of high-strength steel
barbed wire clipped together at
intervals to form a cylinder.
b. Opened concertina wire is 50 ft.
long and 3 ft. in diameter.
❑ Building walls

➢ Includes walls, floors,

roofs, or their
combination serve as
barriers and they should
be of such construction
as to provide uniform
protection just like the
wire fencing.
❑ Bodies of water

➢ Like rivers, lakes, seas,

ponds, or any bodies of
water forming a part of
the wall, building or
fencing should never be
considered adequate
natural barriers.
ADDITIONAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES

Top Guard
an additional overhang of
barbed wire placed on
vertical perimeter fences
upward and outward with a
45-degree angle with 3 to 4
strands of barbed wire
spaced 6 inches apart.
Towers – “guard
towers” are house-like
structures above the
perimeter barriers

Protection In Depth – In large open

areas of ground where fencing or
walling is impracticable and expensive,
warning signs should be conspicuously
placed.
Sign and Notice – A “control sign” should be erected
where necessary in the management of unauthorized
ingress, and preclude accidental entry.

Guard Control Stations – This is normally provided at

main perimeter entrances to secure areas located out-of-
doors, and manned by guards on a full-time basis. The
sentry station should be near a perimeter for surveillance
at the entrance.
Barrier Maintenance – Fencing barriers and
protective walls should always be regularly
inspected by security. Any sign or attempts to
break in should be reported for investigation.
Destruction of fence or sections thereof should
be repaired immediately, and guard vigilance
should be increased.
PERIMETER GUARDS

Also employed in augmenting the existing perimeter security

or perimeter barriers of a certain establishment.

The (2) types of employing perimeter guards are:

❑ Fixed Post Security- guards are assigned in a particular place of the compound
to guard and watch the area surrounding; and
❑ Patrol (Roving) -In this system, the security guard is required to walk and go
around regularly around the company premises.
PROTECTIVE
LIGHTING
❑ Protective lighting

➢ Provides a means
of continuing
illumination during
hours of darkness, a
degree of protection
that is maintained
during daylight hours.
❑ Purpose of Protective
Lighting

1. Provides sufficient illumination

during hours of darkness.
2. Lighting can help improve visibility
so that intruders can be seen and
identified, or if possible
apprehended.
3. It serves as a deterrent to thieves.
❑ Types of Protective
Lighting

1. Stationary or
Continuous Lighting
2. Standby Lighting
3. Movable or Portable
Lighting
4. Emergency Lighting
1. Stationary or Continuous
Lighting

➢ It consists of a series of fixed

luminaries at range to flood a
given area continuously during
hours of darkness.
➢ It is the most familiar type of
security lighting.
Glare Projection

➢ Intensity is focused on
the intruder while the
observer remains in
comparative darkness.
Controlled lighting

➢ Lighting is
focused on the
pile of items
rather than the
background.
Standby Lighting

➢ Similar to continuous
lighting but is turned on
manually or by a special
device or other automatic
means, when there is
suspicion of entry.
Movable/ Portable Lighting

➢ This consists of stationary or

portable, manually operated
searchlights which may be lighted
continuously during the hours of
darkness or only as needed.
Emergency Lighting

➢ Used in times of
power failure or other
emergencies when
other systems are
inoperative.
❑ Types of Lighting
Equipment

▪ Floodlights
➢ Used for outdoor
security lighting
including the
illumination of
boundaries, fences,
and buildings.
▪ Searchlights

➢ Used to pinpoint
potential trouble
spots.
▪ Fresnel lights

➢ Used to extend the

illumination in long,
horizontal strips to
protect the approaches
to the perimeter barrier.
Street lights

➢ Produce diffused
light rather than a
directional beam.
❑ Areas to be lighted:

1. Vehicular gate
2. Pedestrian gate
3. Thoroughfare
4. Parking area
5. Sensitive areas
❑ Alarm

➢ Security device fitted to

property, usually a house
or a car, to make
warning sound if break-
in or theft is attempted.
❑ Protective Alarms

➢ It is an aural or visual signal

given by the enunciator to
security guard when intruder
actuates device in a protected
area.
 THREE BASIC PARTS OF ALARM SYSTEM

1. Sensor or trigger device – a device that is designed to respond to a certain

change in conditions, movement within a room, or rapid rise in heat.
2. Transmission line – a device that sends a signal about whatever is sensed
to some other location. This may be done via an electrical circuit that
transmits the alarm signal over a telephone, fiber optics lines, or through air
waves.
3. Enunciator/annunciator - a device that alerts someone that the sensor has
detected a change in conditions. The device may be light, a bell, a horn, a
self- dialing phone, or a punch tape.
KIND OF ALARMS
1. Audio Detection Device – it will detect any sound caused by attempted force entry. A
supersonic microphone speaker sensor is installed in walls, ceilings and floors of the
protected area.
2. Vibration Detection Device – it will detect any vibration caused by attempted force
entry. A vibration sensitive sensor is attached to walls, ceilings or floors of the protected
area. This is economical and easily installed, high salvage value, and flexible in
application.
3. Metallic foil or wire – it will detect any action that moves that foil or wire. An electrically
charge strips of tinfoil or wire is used in the doors, windows or glass surfaces of the
protected area. This is consistent trouble free service, and causes few nuisance alarms.
• Laser Beam Alarm – a laser emitter floods a wall or fencing with a beam
so that when this beam is disturbed by a physical object, an alarm is
activated.
• Photoelectric or Electric Eye Device – an invisible/visible beam is
emitted and when this is disturbed or when an intruder break contact with
the beam, it will activate the alarm.
• Microwave Motion Detection Device – A pattern of radio waves is
transmitted and partially reflected back to an antenna. If they strike a
moving object, they return at a different frequency which results in
initiating an alarm signal. Very effective for protection of interior areas. This
have a good Coverage, and Not affected by air currents noise sound.
❑ Foot Rail Activator

➢ Are placed on the

floor in such a
position that tellers
may activate the
alarm by placing the
front of their foot to
engage the
activation bar.
❑ Bill Traps

➢ Bill traps or currency

activation devices placed
in the teller’s top cash
drawer and connected to
the alarm system using a
connector. When currency
is removed from the
devices, alarm system is
activated.
❑ Knee or Thigh Buttons

➢ These are installed inside the

desk or teller station so they can
be activated by knee or thigh
pressure. Usually found in
location where personnel
perform their duties in seated
position.
❑ Double Squeeze
Button
•
➢ Requires pressure on
both sides of the
device, therefore the
probability of false
alarms is reduced.
• A devices working together to detect and warn people through
FIRE ALARM
visual and SYSTEMwhen smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or
audio appliances
other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated
automatically from smoke detectors, and heat detectors or may
also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as
manual call points or pull stations.
❑ Types of Alarm Detection System

• 1. Central Alarm System

•
➢ A type of protective alarm system where the central station is located outside
the installation. When the alarm is sounded, central station notifies the police and
other agency.
•2. Proprietary System

➢ This functions they same

way as the central station
system except it is
owned, operated by the
facility.
➢ Response to all alarms is
by the facilities own
security or fire personnel.
•3. Local Alarm System

➢ Consist of ringing up a visual

or audible alarm near the
object to be protected.

➢ In case of alarm, response be

made by local guards and
other personnel within sight
or hearing.
•4. Auxiliary System

➢ In this system, installation

circuits are led into local
police or fire department by
leased telephone lines.
•5. Dial Alarm System

➢ This system is set to

dial a predetermined
numbers when the
alarm is activated.
LOCKS AND KEYS
 ❑ A mechanical, electrical,
Locks hydraulic, or electronic device
designed to prevent entry into a
building, rooms, etc.
Padlock
A portable and detachable
lock has a sliding hasp that
passes through a staple ring
or the like and is then made
fast or secured.
❑ Types of Locks

1. Warded Locks

➢ It offers very little security.

➢ This type of lock must
therefore be used only to
have privacy, but not to
provide a degree of
security.
➢ It is the simplest form of
lock.
2. Disc Tumbler Locks

➢ It is designed for the use

of the automobile
industry and is in general
use in car doors today.
➢ The delay afforded is
approximately 5 to 10
minutes.
3. Lever Locks

➢ This lock are used

in safe deposit
boxes and for all
practical purposes,
pick-proof.
4. Combination lock

• Are difficult to defeat, since they

cannot be picked because few experts
can manipulate the devise to discover
the combination. Most of this locks
have three dials which must be
aligned in the proper order before the
locks will open. Some locks may have
four dials for greater security.
5. Code-operated Locks

➢ These are the

combination type of locks
in that no key are used.
➢ They are opened by
pressing a series of
numbered buttons in the
proper sequence. Some of
them are equipped to
alarm if the wrong
sequence was pressed
•6. Electromagnetic Locks

➢ These are devices holding a

door closed by magnetism.
These are electrical units
consisting of the
electromagnetic on metal
holding plate. When the power
is on and the door secured,
they will resist a pressure of
up to 1,000 pounds.
7. Card-operated Locks

➢ Coded- cards, either

notched, embossed, or
containing an embedded
pattern of copper locks, are
used to operate such
locks.
➢ These are frequently fitted
with a recording device
which register time of use
and identity of the user.
❑ Keys

➢ A metal bar with

notches or grooves that
when inserted into a lock
and turned operates the
locks mechanism.
Types of Keys
1. Change Key
➢ A key to a single lock within a master
key system.

2. Sub-master Key
➢ A key that will open all locks within a
particular area or grouping in a given
facility.
3. Master Key
➢ A special key capable of opening a
series of lock.

4. Grand Master Key

➢ A key that will open everything in a
system involving two or more master key
groups. This key is relatively rare, but
might be used by a multi-premises
operation.
PROTECTIVE
CONTAINER
The final line of defense at any facility is in the high
security storage where papers, records, plans or
cashable instrument, precious metals or other
especially valuable assets are protected. These
security containers will be of a size and quantity, which
the nature of the business dictates.
❑ Types of Security Cabinets

1. Safe
➢ A metallic container used
for safekeeping of documents
or small items in an office or
installation.
➢ Its weight must be at least
750 lbs.
➢ Walls should be at least 1
inch thick.
➢ Doors should be made of
steel and at least 1 ½ thick.
2. Vault
➢ It is a heavily-
constructed fire and
burglar resistant
container, usually a
part of the building
structure, used to
keep and protect
cash, documents, and
negotiable instrument.
➢ Door should be made of steel at least 6
inches in thickness.
•
➢ Walls, ceiling and floor should made out
of reinforced concrete at least 12 inches
in thickness. Vault floor should be higher
by 4 inches which the surrounding floors.
•
➢ Electrical conduits into the vaults should
exceed 1 ½ in diameter.
➢ Vaults should not be more than 5,000 cubic
feet.

➢ Fire- resistive up to 6 hours.

3. File Room

➢ It is a cubicle in a building
constructed little lighter than
a vault but of bigger size to
accommodate limited people
to work on the records
inside.
➢ File room should at most be
12 feet high.
➢ Must have a watertight doors
and at least one (1) hour
fire proof.
END.