A

FIELD BASED PROJECT

ON

SUBSTATION AND SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT

LAYOUT
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award of degree
of

Bachelor of Technology
In

Electrical and Electronic Engineering

By

K.SHRUTHI

(23685A0205)

M.NANDINI V.SAI KUMAR

(22681A0205) (23685A0209)
Under the esteemed guidance

of

MD.AMZAD
Assistant professor in EEE

CHRISTHU JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE

Colombo Nagar, Yeshwanthapur,Jangaon.506167,Telangana

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(Accredited by National Board of Accreditation)

2023-2024
 CHRISTHU JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE
Colombo Nagar, Yeshwanthapur,Jangaon.506167,Telangana
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
(Accredited by National Board of Accreditation)

2023-2024

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the work which is being presented in the B.Tech. Field Based Project
Report entitled “SUBSTATION AND SWITCHING ARRANGEMENT LAYOUT” being submitted by
,K.SHRUTHI(23685A0205),M.NANDINI(22681A0205),V.SAI KUMAR(23685A0209), in partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Technology in Electrical &
Electronics Engineering and submitted to the Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering of
Christu Jyothi Institute of Technology & Science, Jangaon. This is to certify that the above statement
made by the candidates is correct to the best of our knowledge.

Supervisor HOD,Department of EEE

DR.CHANDRASHEKER REDDY.S G.SARITHA REDDY

Professor in EEE Sr.Asst professor

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We here by express our sincere gratitude to the Management of Christu Jyothi Institute of
Technology & Science for their kind encouragement bestowed up on us to do this project.

We earnestly take the responsibility to acknowledge the following distinguished personalities

who graciously allowed our project work successfully.

We express our sincere thanks to the director Rev.Fr. D. Vijaya Paul Reddy, for his
encouragement, which has motivated us to strive hard to excel in our discipline of engineering.

We express our profound sense of appreciation and gratitude to our principal and project
guide Dr. S. Chandrashekhar Reddy for providing generous assistance, and spending many hours of
valuable time with us. This excellent guidance and support have made the timely completion of this
project.

We greatly indebted to the Head of the Department G. Saritha Reddy Sr. Assistant Professor
for her motivation and guidance through the course of this project work. She has been responsible
for providing us with a lot of splendid opportunities, which has shaped our career. Her advice ideas
and constant support has engaged us on and helped us to get through in difficult time.

Our heartfelt thanks to Project Coordinator, Md. Amzad, Assistant Professor &Dr.B. Veeru,
Associate Professor, for the support and advice they have given us through our project reviews. We
also wish to thank them for their guidance and support during our early days in the area of
automation.

Last but not least we express our gratitude to the faculty and lab technicians of Department of
Electrical and Electronics Engineering for their needy and continuous support in technical assistance.

Project Associates:

k.Shruthi(23685A0205)

M.Nandini(22681A0205)

V.Sai kumar(23685A0209)
 CHRISTU JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCE
(Affiliated to JNTU, Hyderabad)

Colombonagar, Yeshwanthapur, Jangaon TS 506167

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

(Accredited by National Board of Accreditation)

Department Vision:

To be a centre of excellence in Electrical Engineering education, research in pursuit of

rapidly changing industrial practice.

Department Mission:

1. Impart high quality technical education and training oriented towards industrial, research
solutions and serve the society.

2. Provide creative solutions to society needs and industrial practice of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering design.

3. Inculcate consciousness to the universal values adhere to the professional ethics towards
professionals.

4. Generate and disseminate knowledge and technologies to the local and global needs with inter
discipline team work and collaborations.

HOD
 CHRISTUJYOTHIINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGY&SCIENCE
(Affiliated to JNTU,Hyderabad)Colombonagar,Yeshwanthapur,JangaonTS506167

DepartmentofElectricalandElectronicsEngineering

ProgramOutcomes(PO)/ProgramSpecificObjectives(PSO)

PO1 Engineeringknowledge:Applytheknowledgeofmathematics,science,engineeringfundamentals and

engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering problems.

PO2 Problemanalysis:Identify,formulate,reviewresearchliteratureandanalyzecomplexengineering
problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of mathematics, natural sciences
and engineering sciences.
PO3 Design/developmentofsolutions:Designsolutionsforcomplexengineeringproblemsanddesign
system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate consideration for
the public health and safety, cultural, societal and environmental considerations
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and research
methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data and synthesis of the
information to provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select, apply appropriate techniques, resources, modern engineering,
ITtoolsincludingpredictionandmodellingtocomplexengineeringactivitieswithan
understandingofthelimitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to assess
societal, health, safety, legal, cultural issues and consequent responsibilities relevant to the
professional engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering solutions
in societal, environmental contexts and demonstrate the knowledge for sustainable development.
PO8 Ethics:Applyethicalprinciples,commitmenttoprofessionalethics,responsibilitiesandnormsof the
engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and teamwork:Function effectively as an individual, as amemberor leaderindiverse
teams in multidisciplinary settings.
PO10 Communication:Communicateeffectivelyoncomplexengineeringactivitieswiththeengineering
communityandsocietyatlargesuchas,beingabletocomprehend,writeeffectivereports,design
documentation, make effective presentations, give and receive clear instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge,understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member/ leader in a team to
manage projects in multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-longlearning:Recognizetheneedandhavethepreparation,abilitytoengageinindependent and life-
long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
PSO1 Knowledge Absorption: Design and solve problems in the field of Electrical & Electronics
EngineeringbyapplyingtheknowledgeacquiredfromCircuit&Fieldtheory,Controltheory,
ElectricPowerSystems,AnalogElectronics&otheralliedtopics.
PSO2 RecentTrends&Developments:UnderstandtherecenttechnologicaldevelopmentsinElectrical&
Electronics Engineering and develop products/software to cater the Societal & Industrial needs.
PSO3 ResearchApplications:Providesolutionstonewideasandinnovationsbyminimizingthe research
gaps.
 ABSTRACT

It covers factors like placement of equipment, busbar arrangements, electrical clearances,

and expansion considerations. 2) Key aspects of substation layout include the switching
scheme, type of layout (D or I), bay widths, equipment ratings and clearances. Minimum
safety clearances vary by voltage level.

A switching station is a substation without transformers and operating only at a single voltage
level. Switching stations are sometimes used as collector and distribution stations. Sometimes they
are used for switching the current to back-up lines or for parallelizing circuits in case of failure.

Substation layout essentially consists in arranging a number of switchyard components in an

orderly pattern governed by their function and rules of spatial separation as described in an
electrical single-line diagram.

Sub stations are subordinate to primary stations. They provide the much needed alteration of the
electric power. That would be a step up in power if the electricity is being passed on further down
the line , or a step down in power if the electricity is being distributed to local area users.

This technical article is intended to provide description and comparison of single line options
for a DESN substation. The goal is to provide an analytical comparison for all options so that
one can select the optimum solution considering cost, reliability, maintainability, ease of
operation.
This article describes alternative solutions to the deficiencies at the station.Switching scheme
of substation determines the electrical and physical arrangement of the switching equipment.
Different switching schemes can be selected as emphasis is shifted between the factors of
security, economy, extendibility, maintainability, operational flexibility, protection
arrangement, short circuit limitations, land area, safety and simplicity dictated by function
and importance of the substation.
It transforms, transmits, and distributes voltage.The switching arrangement layout is crucial.It
ensures reliable and efficient operation.Circuit breakers, switches, and equipment are
strategically placed.This manages electrical flow, detects faults, and enables maintenance.A
well-designed layout minimizes downtime.Reduces risks and optimizes power supply
reliability.Substations come in different types: transmission, distribution, and collector.Each
has unique requirements and designs.The switching arrangement layout varies accordingly.It's
a complex task, requiring expertise and precision.Engineers and technicians work together.To
ensure the substation operates flawlessly.The layout considers various factors: voltage,
current, and fault levels.Also, the type of circuit breakers and switches used.The layout must
be flexible and adaptable.To accommodate future upgrades and expansions.Regular
maintenance is crucial.To prevent faults and ensure reliability.The switching arrangement
layout is a critical aspect.Of substation design and operation.It requires careful planning and
execution.To ensure a reliable and efficient power supply.
 CONTENTS
CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO

1. Introduction
1.1 About 440/220 substation and

Switching Arrangement layout

2. Transformer
2.1 Types of Transformers
2.2. Power transformer
2.3 Instrument transformer
2.4 Autotransformer
2.5 On the basis of working
2.6 On the basis of structure
3. Bus bars
4. Insulators
4.1 Circuit breakers
4.2 Oil circuit breaker
4.3 Air blast circuit breaker
4.4 Sulphar hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6) circuit breaker
4.5. Vacuum circuit breaker
. 5. Protection of substation
5.1 Transformer protection
5.2 Conservation and breather
5.3 Marshalling box
5.4 Transformer cooling
6. Metering and Indication equipment
6.1. Relay
6.2 Relays used in control panel of substation
. 6.2.1. Differential relay
6.2.2. Over current relay
6.2.3. Directional relay
7. Principle of PLCC 15
7.1 Wave trap or line trap
. 7.2 Coupling capacitor
7.3 Protective device of coarse voltage arrester
7.4 Coupling of filter 16
7.5. H.F. cable
 8. Electrical Diagrams
8.1. Single-line 8.2diagrams
8.3. Showing the switching arrangement and connections
8.4. Three-phase diagrams showing the electrical circuitry
9. Safety Features
9.1. Safety features and precautions, including:
9.2 Grounding and bonding
9.3 Insulation and shielding
9.4. Arc flash protection
10. Maintenance and Testing
10.1. Maintenance schedules and procedures
10.2. Testing and commissioning procedures