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Republic of the Philippines
EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ

INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Nagtahan, Sampaloc, Manila
COLLEGE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE EDUCATION
Unveiling the Challenges Faced by Criminology Students in

Attaining a Quality Education
An Undergraduate
Thesis Presented to the Faculty
of College of Criminal Justice Education
Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and

Technology
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for the Degree of Bachelor of
Science in Criminology
by
Alminiana, Rhea Mae D.

Odiña, Aubrey Rose
Simbiling, Kelsey Dhel A.
Valdez, Ma. Cristele April S.
CHAPTER 1
The Problem and its Background
This chapter of the research presents the problem and

the background information about it consisting of the:
introduction, theoretical framework, conceptual framework,
statement of the problem, hypothesis, scope and
limitations of the study, significance of the study, and
definition of terms.
Introduction
In the field of global criminology education, the issues

that impede one from accessing good education go far
beyond national boundaries and imply that there are some
systemic problems affecting candidates all around the
world. The article will outline different struggles that
come to put a criminology trainee on a tight spot globally
as well as reveal intricate impediments between a learner
and his/ her further education. Therefore, this paper is
going to find out and discuss what even can be called
typical themes, differences or emerging trends in
educational matters which relate to criminology globally;
hence will provide some overall challenges while
discussing about inclusive practices for an equal access
of quality learning for everyone in the field of
criminology.
Among these are unique challenges for criminology students

in the Philippine context that have a direct bearing on
the capability of a quality education to be had within the
field. It discusses precisely the existing problems
postulated about the lives of criminology students in the
Philippines, with the object of unveiling contextual and
local factors that shape their experience of education.
The current research focuses on the Philippine setting,
trying to put forward the barriers, disparities, and
opportunities for improvement in criminology education
that already propagate it, all while working out inclusive
practices and support mechanisms towards the achievement
of better pedagogical experiences among students in the
pursuit of a career in criminology within the Philippine
context.
In the local setting of the Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez

Institute of Science and Technology, there exist
challenging factors that influence the pursuit of quality
education by criminology students. The point of view tends
to unmask the intricacies of problems besetting
criminology students in general within EARIST and
contextualize factors that shaped their educational
experiences. The research will be characterized by the
unique environment of EARIST, involving hidden challenges
that need to be addressed, bringing out the needs for
support, and finding targeted solutions to give students
of criminology at the institution an improving educational

journey.
Conceptual Framework
This study will, therefore, try to come up with a flow

diagram indicating information and activities faced by
students in pursuit of quality education in criminology
using the IPO model format. The model will help explain
the relationships between major variables and outline the
steps needed to overcome these challenges. It will
illustrate graphically the information and activities that
students face to achieve a quality education. The IPO
model will help in explaining the relationships among
major variables and give a way forward on how best to
handle the challenges by invoking the steps involved in
effectively handling these challenges, thus enhancing our
understanding of the educational journey. The
operationalization of the model is done through an input-
process-output model whereby the information and action
flows are well stipulated and correlated to each other.
This will enhance the understanding of the challenges the
students of criminology face in achieving quality
education.
Conceptual Framework
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
- Personal qualities - Identifying - More critical

include motivation academic load and the insights are enlisted
and study habits of shortage of practical regarding the
criminology students experience as the criminology pupils'

challenges faced by obstacles to
- Books and students in obtaining good
technology are the criminology was the education.
educational first step. - Measures for
resources needed for - Evaluation of the educational providers
the criminology impact of these to improve assistance
students. challenges on to criminology
criminology students' students.
-Faculty support is
education quality. - Advice on the best
one of the powerful strategies for
backup systems that students to be able
also contains - Studying of the to tackle challenges
counseling services ways that the key that they encounter
to the students challenges can be in their academic
majoring in addressed and pursuits is given for
education quality can criminology
Criminology.
be improved.
students.
PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

Statement of the Problem
The primary objective of this study is to:
This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by

criminology students in attaining a quality education.
Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions.
1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in

terms of:
1.1 Age
1.2 Year level (freshman, sophomore, etc.)
1.3 Gender
1.4 Socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g., income bracket,

scholarship status)
1.5 Work status (employed full-time, part-time,

unemployed)
2. What challenges do criminology students face in

attaining a quality education in terms of:
2.1 Curriculum
2.2 Availability and quality of resources (e.g.,

textbooks, technology, access to field experiences)
Type equation here .
2.3 Instructional Practices
2.4 Institutional Factors
2.5 Institutional climate and support for student success

(e.g., financial aid, career guidance)
**This is based on the Labeling Theory Model and It can be

answered by the 3rd year and 4th yr students of Earist
Manila.
3. How do the respondents describe their challenges as

students of Earist Manila in terms of;
1.1. Social Life
1.2. Financial Concerns
1.3. Behavioral Control
4. Is there a significant relationship between

challenges faced by the criminology and attaining their
quality education?
5. Is there a significant difference in the assessment

of the challenges faced by criminology and attaining a
quality education, when are grouped according to profiles?
6. What implication may the findings offer to craft a

recommendation on the challenges faced of criminology in
attaining quality education?
Hypothesis
(using a Labeling Theory approach)
H1: There is no significant difference in the perceived

quality of education among criminology students who feel
labeled as potential criminals by campus security and
those who don't.

quality of education between criminology students who feel
the campus prioritizes security over student support and
those who don't.

those who don't.
H4: There is a significant difference in the perceived

quality of education among criminology students who feel
labeled as potential criminals by campus security and
those who don't.
H5: There is a significant difference in the perceived

those who don't.
Significance of the Study
This study investigates Unveiling the Challenges Faced by Criminology Students in

Attaining a Quality Education. Examining the challenges faced by criminology
students in attaining a quality education holds significant value for a range of
stakeholders within the criminal justice system and understanding how they faced
those challenges as a criminology students and understanding the challenges faced by
criminology students in achieving a quality education holds significant value for
various stakeholders within the criminal justice system:
Criminology Students: It will benefit of the findings from the study might give
students more confidence by drawing attention to typical problems and provide details
on the resources that can help them. This information can help individuals succeed in
their criminology studies by giving them the tools they need to deal with financial
limitations, emotional challenges, and academic pressures.
Criminology Educators: It will benefit on the teachers who are able to modify their
teaching strategies and course material in order to better meet the requirements of their
students by shedding light on the unique obstacles that pupils face. To lessen workload
strain, this may entail investigating alternate evaluation techniques, creating a

supportive learning environment, and incorporating real-world applications of
academic concepts.
Criminal Justice Programs and Institutions: The research can help and benefit on
the criminology programs with their resource allocation and curriculum creation.
Programs may make sure they are providing students with the knowledge, skills, and
mental health supports they need to succeed in their academic endeavors and future
employment by identifying areas of student difficulties.
The Criminal Justice Field: A well-educated student of criminology is a great

contribution to the criminal justice system. The findings can help create a workforce in
criminal justice that is better equipped and more efficient by reducing the obstacles
that students must overcome. The criminal justice system may operate better overall as
a result of this cascading impact. To sum up, this research transcends criminology
instruction and has the potential to positively impact changes across the criminal
justice system.
Policymakers: The research findings can inform and benefit on the policymakers on
potential areas for improvement within criminology education. This knowledge can be
used to develop targeted policies and allocate resources towards creating a more
supportive and accessible learning environment for future criminology professionals.
Future Researchers: This study can serve and benefit as a springboard for future
research endeavors. By identifying gaps in the researchers understanding of student
challenges, such as the nuanced influence of race, gender, and socioeconomic
background and the study paves the way for further investigations into these areas.
Additionally, future research can explore the effectiveness of various support systems
in mitigating these obstacles.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This research aims to investigate the challenges faced by

criminology students in attaining a quality education,
specifically focusing on students in their third and
fourth years. The study will explore the academic,
financial, personal, and institutional hurdles these
students encounter during their crucial upperclassmen
years. Data will be collected from criminology majors
currently enrolled in their third or fourth year at
Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez Institute of Science and
Technology Metro Manila.
However, this research is not going to consider factors

outside the daily experience of the students as presented
by this scenario. However for purposes of this paper we
shall not be focusing on the general structure of the
curriculum within the University or the qualifications of
instructors offering various courses. Moreover, the target
population is specifically in the field of study of
criminology and is only for students enrolled in Metro
Manila, Philippines. This geographical limitation benefits
the concentrating on the specific difficulties experienced
by learners within the defined area. The results of this
study could be beneficial to those who spearhead the

development of criminology programs or for the university
managers and leaders looking for ways to enhance the
learning outcomes of their students, especially in the
latter years of the program.
Definition of Terms
In the context of unveiling the challenges faced by

criminology students in attaining a quality education,
several key terms are essential to understand:
Criminology Students: A student pursuing studies and

training in criminology, with an emphasis on acquiring
knowledge of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal
justice system.
Quality Education: This means a high-quality classroom

experience that shapes academic excellence. This will arm
the students with relevant skills, knowledge, and tools so
that when they leave college and start practice, they are
so equipped and prepared enough to face challenges in the
criminology career.
Challenges: refer to the problems, issues, and barriers

that limit a criminology student from acquiring sufficient
knowledge and skills for enhancing their academic and
professional development.
Attainment: refers to the achievement or acquisition of

skills, knowledge, and qualifications by criminology
students as a result of their educational efforts in the
field of criminology.
Academic Challenges: Academic Challenge has competitions

that are team-based rather than solo.
Time Management: The activity of managing and planning how

to divide your time between different activities is called
time management.
Peers: A peer is an equal with another and a member of the

same group in society, with characteristics that are
peculiar to that group.
Stress: Any kind of change that puts physical, mental or

psychological pressure upon a person is stressful.
Anxiety: State of apprehension, fear and uneasiness is

anxiety. You start sweating the body, feeling uneasy and
anxious, and your heartbeat increases. It can be a normal
response to stress.
Motivation: It's the process of stimulating people to act

so that a particular goal is achieved.
Self-esteem: defined as how we think and feel about

ourselves. It is based on what we perceive about
ourselves, which is pretty hard to change.
Spirituality: Spirituality is the acceptance of a

sensation, sense, or conviction that overtakes one's self,
there is more to being human than what is seen with the
senses, and that the larger total of which we are a part
is cosmic or divine in nature.
Dishonest Peers: Dishonesty is a common occurrence in our

society. The occurrence takes place when an agent goes
against the moral or legal laws moving in the service of
promoting their interests.
Lecturer: A person who gives public lectures, particularly

as an academic occupation.
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter present a review of literature and

studies both local and foreign which are relevant to the
study.
Local Literature
In local literature pertaining to problems

encountered by Criminology students in pursuing a better
quality of education in the Philippines deal with a myriad
of factors that contribute to their academic journey. On
the same note, there is an interesting 2020 study by one
researcher, Dr. Reyes, which puts a spotlight on how

intricate the web of challenges encountered by the
criminology students goes within the ambit of the local
universities. The far-reaching effect of financial
constraints in limiting the students' chance at books and
other essential educational materials and which are very
vital in shaping their profession to practice training
opportunities, the study highlighted. Added to these
travails is a societal stigma draping the criminology
course, he also added. Furthermore, according to him, this
could discourage such students from actively participating
in their studies or furthering their graduate studies in
the field. These findings expose the complex, multitude of
barriers that a student of criminology faces while
following the path of education, therefore placing the
need for a critical review of the possible support systems
and mechanisms essential in helping students to surmount
them, thus creating a conducive atmosphere that makes it
easier for people to learn the profession of criminology.
Foreign Literature
Foreign literature regarding the challenges that

students in criminology face on a global scale in the
quest for quality education remains very abundant. In the
seminal study conducted by researcher Professor Smith in
2019, the exploration of challenges faced by criminology
students worldwide really opened up the unique barriers

faced by student populations of different backgrounds in
Western nations. The research was keen on how cultural
differences and language barriers compounded further
education challenges for the students enrolled in the
criminology programs and, therefore, raised a need to
encourage expansive learning environments that would
thrive in academic success. Additionally, the lessons
learned from European universities have been that it is
important to integrate technology in the teaching of
criminology to enhance learners' digital literacy and
computer skills with a view to enabling students to cope
with the intricacies of learning in a fast-changing
criminal justice environment. These findings underscore
not only the imperative to address diversity and
technological proficiency within crime curricula but also
beg for inclusive practices that would empower students
from diverse backgrounds to be successful and enjoy life
to the fullest in their field of educational and future
professional pursuits.
Local Studies
According to local studies, the problems of

criminology students from various schools around the
country are nuanced. One full description of the problems
encountered by a local criminology school, conducted by
the researcher Dr. Santos in 2018, brought to the fore a

spate of critical issues related to curriculum efficacy,
faculty support, and its alignment with the industry. That
is, important concerns of students over the applicability
of theoretical coursework in practical life were
apparently brought out through the research, hence
underscoring that there is a much-required practical
pedagogical approach to the education being imparted and
making it more industry-relevant. The study by Dr. Santos
brought into the limelight the importance of developing
links with the industry and mentorship programs that
bridge the gap between academic and professional
expectations in this dynamic field of criminology. The
findings bring out the extensive imperative for the review
of curriculum design, developing close faculty-student
relationships, and the formation of strategic partnerships
with relevant industries' stakeholders to ensure a profile
of holistic and career-oriented education for students
studying criminology, approaching requisite skills and
knowledge in excelling over the domain.
Foreign Studies
Foreign studies that debate the challenges faced, in

particular, by criminology students hailing from diverse
global backgrounds give very valuable insight into issues
as real as internships, representation at the faculty
level, and problems related to practical learning
experiences. On a large scale, in one study conducted by

researcher Professor Johnson at a North American
university in 2017, the issues criminology students face
were put at the forefront with great efficiency. The main
difficulties for students in obtaining these internships
include limited networking and few leads from the academic
institution. It is also discovered that faculty diversity
plays a big role in accommodating the different needs of
such a heterogeneous student population, providing
inclusive support systems to make academic achievement
possible in criminology programs. These findings
underscore an interesting set of imperatives calling for
the development of industry partnerships, internship
opportunities, and faculty diversity to create an
educational environment that can be inclusive and
supportive enough to ensure that criminology students are
better equipped with practical skills and experiences for
success in this field.
Synthesis
Synthesizing insights from an in-depth review of
local literature, foreign literature, local studies, and
foreign studies brought out a rich tapestry of challenges
and prospects that have helped directly shape the
educational landscape for criminology students worldwide.
From this jumble of sources emerged findings that
underline just how complexly interwoven obstacles and
opportunities do affect the academic journey for

criminology students. While local studies show the
problems of financial constraints and stigmatization in
Philippine criminology education, foreign studies bring
forward key themes that enshrine views on diversity,
technology integration, and practice readiness from a
global perspective. Through this differing insight,
bringing it together, a holistic story that underpins,
more appropriately appreciated, the case for targeted
interventions, inclusive pedagogies, and collaborative
industry engagements in an attempt to negate a raft of
barriers, issues, and challenges for criminology students.
It will, in addition, provide support for the nuanced
understanding of multifaceted impediments affecting
education attainment in criminology and further discourse
toward workable solutions seeking to improve the quality
of education and student success worldwide. Only
collaborative efforts by educators, policymakers, and
other relevant stakeholders can ensure an empowering and
educative learning environment for criminology students,
well equipped with all travel credentials for moving in
their discipline with a view to navigating and excelling.
CHAPTER 3
( Methodology Research Design ) TITLE

Research Design - cristele
Population and Sampling - kelsey
Description of Respondents - rhea
Research Instrument - Aubrey
Survey Questionnaire - Cristele
Validation of Instrument - Kelsey
Data Gathering Procedures - Aubrey
Statistical Treatment - Rhea
REFERENCES - ALL

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Republic of the Philippines

EULOGIO “AMANG” RODRIGUEZ

Unveiling the Challenges Faced by Criminology Students in

Thesis Presented to the Faculty

of College of Criminal Justice Education

Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for the Degree of Bachelor of

Alminiana, Rhea Mae D.

The Problem and its Background

This chapter of the research presents the problem and

In the field of global criminology education, the issues

Among these are unique challenges for criminology students

In the local setting of the Eulogio "Amang" Rodriguez

of criminology at the institution an improving educational

This study will, therefore, try to come up with a flow

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

- Personal qualities - Identifying - More critical

and study habits of shortage of practical regarding the

criminology students experience as the criminology pupils'

PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

Statement of the Problem

The primary objective of this study is to:

This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions.

1. What are the demographic profile of the respondents in

1.2 Year level (freshman, sophomore, etc.)

1.4 Socioeconomic status (SES) (e.g., income bracket,

1.5 Work status (employed full-time, part-time,

2. What challenges do criminology students face in

2.2 Availability and quality of resources (e.g.,

2.3 Instructional Practices

2.4 Institutional Factors

2.5 Institutional climate and support for student success

**This is based on the Labeling Theory Model and It can be

3. How do the respondents describe their challenges as

1.1. Social Life

1.2. Financial Concerns

1.3. Behavioral Control

4. Is there a significant relationship between

5. Is there a significant difference in the assessment

6. What implication may the findings offer to craft a

(using a Labeling Theory approach)

H1: There is no significant difference in the perceived

H2: There is no significant difference in the perceived

H3: There is no significant difference in the perceived

H4: There is a significant difference in the perceived

H5: There is a significant difference in the perceived

Significance of the Study

This study investigates Unveiling the Challenges Faced by Criminology Students in

strain, this may entail investigating alternate evaluation techniques, creating a

The Criminal Justice Field: A well-educated student of criminology is a great

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This research aims to investigate the challenges faced by

However, this research is not going to consider factors

study could be beneficial to those who spearhead the

In the context of unveiling the challenges faced by

Criminology Students: A student pursuing studies and

Quality Education: This means a high-quality classroom