Fields of Civil

Engineering
Structural engineering
➢Structural engineers oversee the completion of
construction projects and ensure structures are durable and
safe. They build 2D and 3D models using computer-aided
design technology (e.g. AutoCAD). They measure loads and
presses to secure structural soundness. Structural engineer
duties also include collaborating with contractors and
guiding construction workers onsite. The history of
structural engineering dates back to at least 2700 BC
when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by
Imhotep, the first architect in history known by name.
Construction engineering
management
➢Construction engineering management (CEM) is a sub-
discipline of civil engineering that focuses on the execution
of engineering and architectural design projects. It involves
managing the design and construction process from the
inception of a project all the way to, and including, the
operations and maintenance of infrastructure and buildings.
It was in the 19th century that construction
management began to take shape to become the field it is
now.
Geotechnical engineering
• Geotechnical engineering is the systematic application of
techniques which allows construction on, in, or with
geomaterials, (i.e., soil and rock). Every civil engineering
structure and construction is related to soil in some way,
and subsequently, its design will depend on properties of
the soil or rock. Modern geotechnical engineering began in
1925 with the publication of Erdbaumechanik by Karl
Terzaghi. Generally recognized as the father of modern soil
mechanics and geotechnical engineering, Terzaghi's research
on the settlement of clays and failure due to piping
beneath dams was considered groundbreaking.
Water resources engineering
• Water resources engineering has its roots in the tasks of
supplying water for human use, removing water when
humans are finished using it and developing methods of
avoiding damage from excess water (floods). Much of the
work of water resource engineers involves the planning and
management of constructed facilities that address these
tasks. Earliest uses of Water resources engineering were to
irrigate crops and dates back to the Middle East and
Africa. Controlling the movement and supply of water for
growing food has been used for many thousands of years.
Transportation engineering
• Transportation engineering is a branch of civil engineering
that involves the planning, design, operation, and
maintenance of transportation systems to help build
smart, safe, and livable communities. transportation
engineers gather relevant data on the population in the
surrounding area, travel patterns, socioeconomic
characteristics, laws and ordinances, and financial resources.
They consolidate this information and use decision-support
tools to develop, design, and deliver various types of
transportation projects in consideration of various
performance measures.
Transportation engineering
• The early history of transportation includes innovation
from around the world, with ancient China contributing
the compass and stirrup. The transportation technologies
developed before the 19th century were later built upon
and adapted in later eras.
Energy and environmental
engineering
• Energy and environmental engineering is a branch of energy
engineering which seeks to efficiently use energy and to
maintain the environment. Energy engineers require
knowledge across many disciplines. Careers include work in
the built environment, renewable and traditional energy
industries. Early forms of Energy and environmental
engineering date back to the ancient world when ancient
cities developed canals and networks to deliver water and
remove wastewater. More modern forms appeared during
the 19th century when drinking water quality became an
environmental and public health problem as communities
and water needs grew.