REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN: CONCRETE 1

STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD

PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUSSELL R. LLAGAS, RCE

CONCRETE 1: SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM

STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD

(Formerly known as Ultimate Design Method “USD Method)

DESIGN STRENGTH
STRENGTH REQUIRED TO CARRY
FACTORED LOADS

∅Mn ≥ Mu

THREE MODES OF DESIGN (USD)

1. BALANCED
2. UNDER-REINFORCED
3. OVER-REINFORCED

VALUES OF ∅:
2001 NSCP 2010/2015 NSCP

Flexure (Tension-Controlled) 0.90 0.90

Compression-Controlled 0.75 0.75

Section with spirals

Other Compression- 0.70 0.65

Controlled Section
Shear and Torsion 0.85 0.75
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN: CONCRETE 1
STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD
PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUSSELL R. LLAGAS, RCE

Bearing on concrete (except 0.70 0.65

for post-tensioned anchorage)

Post-Tensioned anchorage 0.85 0.85

zones

VALUES OF 𝜷1 (2001/2010/2015 NSCP):

2001 NSCP:

- 𝒇′𝒄 ≤ 30 MPa: 𝛽1 = 0.85

- 𝒇′𝒄 > 30 MPa: 𝛽1 = 0.85 - 0.05

7
(𝒇′𝒄 - 30)

2010/2015 NSCP:

- 𝒇′𝒄 ≤ 28 MPa: 𝛽1 = 0.85

0.05
- 𝒇′𝒄 > 28 MPa: 𝛽1 = 0.85 - (𝒇′𝒄 - 28)
7

NOTE: 0.65 ≤ 𝜷1 ≤ 0.85

STEEL RATIO:

𝑨𝒔
𝝆=
𝒃𝒅

STEEL RATIO MINIMUM 𝝆min:

√𝒇′𝒄
𝝆min = 𝒇′𝒄 < 31.36 MPa
𝟒𝒇𝒚

𝟏.𝟒
𝝆min = 𝒇′𝒄 < 31.36 MPa
𝒇𝒚
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN: CONCRETE 1
STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD
PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUSSELL R. LLAGAS, RCE

COEFFICIENT OF RESISTING MOMENT, 𝑹𝒏 :

𝑴𝒖
𝑹𝒏 =
∅𝒃𝒅𝟐

𝒇𝟐𝒔𝟐
𝑹𝒏 = 𝝆𝒇𝒔 − 𝝆
𝟏. 𝟕𝒇′𝒄

STEEL RATIO 𝝆t.c w/ 𝑹𝒏 :

𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝑹𝒏
𝝆= (1 - √𝟏 − )
𝒇𝒚 𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄

SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM DESIGN PRINCIPLE

𝝆min ≤ 𝝆 ≤ 𝝆max
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN: CONCRETE 1
STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD
PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUSSELL R. LLAGAS, RCE

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

Problem 1
2015 NSCP provides the calculation of the required strength U as follows:
U = 1.4(D)
U = 1.2(D ) + 1.6(L) + 0.5(Lr or R)
U = 1.2D + 1.6(Lr or R) + (1.0L or 0.5W)
U = 1.2D + 1.0W + 1.0L + 0.5(Lr or R)
U = 1.2D + 1.0E + 1.0L
U = 0.9D + 1.0W
U = 0.9D + 1.0E
Results of the frame analysis of a certain structure provides the following values of compressive
loads for one of the critical members:
Gravity loads:
Dead load, D = 150 kN, Roof live load, Lr = 60 kN, Floor live load, L = 240 kN
Wind load : W = 50 kN
Seismic load : E = 40 kN

1. Determine the critical factored load (kN) that will be used in the design of the member.

Problem 2
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 618 mm.
Compressive reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 415
MPa. Use 2010/2015 NSCP. Use 𝜙 = 0.90 for flexure. At ultimate condition U = 1.2D +1.6L.

2. Calculate the steel ratio for a balanced section, b.

3. Calculate the maximum steel ratio for a tension-controlled section, max,TC.

4. If the beam is to support a bending moment of 240 kN-m from dead load and 195 kN-m from live
load, determine the required design flexural strength of the section.
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN: CONCRETE 1
STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD
PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUSSELL R. LLAGAS, RCE

5. If the beam is to support a bending moment of 240 kN-m from dead load and 195 kN-m from live
load, determine the number of 28mm bars required as tension reinforcement.

Problem 3
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and a total depth of 550 mm. Effective
cover to centroid of tension bars is 60mm. Compressive reinforcement (if required) will be placed at
d’ = 60mm. f’c = 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. The Follow 2010/2015 NSCP provision and use 𝜙 =
0.90 for flexure.
6. Determine the required area of steel reinforcement, As, if the beam carries a factored moment of
79 kN-m.
7. Determine the required area of steel reinforcement, As, if the beam carries a factored moment of
193 kN-m.

FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS

Problem 4
In accordance with the provisions of the 2010 NSCP, the required strength U shall be at least
equal to the effects of the factored loads below where the effects of one or more loads not acting
simultaneously shall be investigated:
U = 1.4D
U = 1.2D+1.6L
U = 1.2D+1.6L+0.8W
U = 1.2D+1.0E+1.0L
U = 0.9D+1.6W
Result from elastic analysis of a concrete beam yields the following values of the un-factored
(service) moments: Dead load moment = 50 kN-m, Live load moment = 80 kN-m, Wind load
moment = 60 kN-m, Earthquake moment = 100 kN-m. Determine the value of the factored moment
(kN-m) that will be used in designing the member.
8. A. 141 kN.m B. 188 kN.m C. 236 kN.m D. 240 kN.m
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN: CONCRETE 1
STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD
PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUSSELL R. LLAGAS, RCE

Problem 5
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 520mm to the
centroid of tension reinforcements. The steel reinforcements will be placed in a single layer
arrangement. Concrete strength fc’=32 MPa. Design as a singly-reinforced beam and use 2010
NSCP.
9. Determine the largest steel ratio allowed by the code for the given section if fy =345 MPa.
10. Determine the maximum steel ratio of the section if the beam is characterized as tension-
controlled. Use fy = 345 MPa.

11. If fy = 415 MPa, determine the maximum number of 25mm bars that can be used for the given
section for it to be tension controlled.

Problem 6
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an effective depth of 618 mm.
Compressive reinforcement (if required) will be placed at d’ = 60mm. f’c = 25 MPa and fy = 415
MPa. The beam is to support a factored bending moment of 520 kN-m. φ=0.90. Use 2010/2015
NSCP.

12. Calculate the steel ratio for a balanced section, b.

13. Determine the governing steel ratio () following NSCP requirements.
14. Solve for the required area of steel reinforcement, As.

15. Determine the minimum number of 25mm bars required as tension reinforcement for the beam
to support the given factored bending moment..

16. Determine the maximum number of 25mm bars that can be used for given section if it is singly-
reinforced
 REINFORCED CONCRETE DESIGN: CONCRETE 1
STRENGTH DESIGN METHOD
PREPARED BY: ENGR. RUSSELL R. LLAGAS, RCE

PRACTICE PROBLEMS

Problem 7
A 4.5m simply supported rectangular reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm,
effective depth of 530 mm and total depth of 600 mm. The beam is to be reinforced with 20mmø
bars. The concrete strength f’c = 21 MPa and the steel yield strength fy = 275 MPa. The beam
carries a pre-cast 100-mm-thick concrete slab that is 4 m wide. The unit weight of concrete is 24
kN/m3 . Floor live load is 2.4 kPa. At ultimate condition, U = 1.2D + 1.6L.
17. Calculate the factored moment.
18. Determine the governing steel ratio following the requirements of NSCP.

19. Determine the minimum number of 20mm bars required as tension reinforcement.

Problem 8
A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an overall depth of 510 mm. The
beam is simply supported over a span of 5.3 m. Steel strength fy = 415 MPa and concrete strength fc’
= 28 MPa. Concrete cover is 70 mm from the centroid of the steel area. Unit weight of concrete is
23.5 kN/m3. Other than the weight of the beam, the beam carries a superimposed dead load of 19
kN/m and a live load of 15 kN/m. Use U = 1.2D + 1.6L at ultimate condition.
20. Determine the maximum factored moment on the beam.
21. Determine the required number of 20 mm tension bars.
22. If the beam will carry an additional factored load of 20 kN at midspan, determine the required
number of 25 mm tension bars.

Problem 9
A reinforced concrete beam has total depth limited to 500mm due to architectural clear floor
height requirement. Effective concrete cover is 65mm, f’c = 28 MPa and fy = 415 MPa. Total
factored moment is 260 kN-m
23. Determine the approximate required value of As if the architect also wishes to have the smallest
possible beam width. Design a singly-reinforced, tension-controlled section based on 2010/2015
NSCP.