PROJECT

AND
CONSTRUCTION
MANAGEMENT

15ARC8.6
EQUIPMENTS
ADVANTAGES
•Increase productivity with less intervention of human.
•Reduces labour cost of the project.
•Reduces time and efforts of labour.
•Quality of construction can be easily achievable.
•Reduce risk on human efforts
•Itreducesefforts on unskilled labour increase and production of work.
•Desire quality can be achieved very easily

PLANNING
•Site manager and construction planner should have good knowledge of
construction equipment, which will reduces equipment over use and finishes work
on time.
•Proper selection of construction equipment for the desired work will be decided
by construction planner along with their team of construction.
•Operator will control the machine and operates the work as per these planner
schedule as well as data received by the modern machines.
•Proper planning of the equipment on time will reduce human labour in work,
reduces risk factor on human life, quality work and increases productivity .
•Improper planning of equipment's will increase cost and time for construction,
thus result in failure of team for the completion of given task.
SELECTION PROCESS

•Economic considerations

•Company specific

•Site specific

•Equipment specific

•Client and project specific

•Manufacture specific

•Labour consideration
SELECTION PROCESS

•Economic considerations

•Company specific

•Site specific

•Equipment specific

•Client and project specific COMPANIES

•Manufacture specific •Caterpillar(USA)
•Komatsu (Japan)
•Labour consideration •Volvo construction equipment(Sweden)
•Hitachi construction equipment (Japan)
COMMON FACTORS •JCB India limited
•Type of site •Bharat Earth movers
•Type of usage of specific equipment in site. •L&TConstructionEquipment
•Location of site and easy availability of •Volvo ConstructionEquipment
equipment •Tata Construction Equipment
•Easy availability of spare parts •ACE Construction Equipment
•Transport facility of equipment
•Budge of the project
CLASSIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

• •Earth work Equipment

• Piling equipment

• Dewatering and pumping equipment

• Concrete Equipment

• Hoisting Equipment

• Special purpose heavy construction plant & equipment

• Advance equipment
EARTH WORK EQUIPMENTS

SUB CLASSIFICATION OF EQUIPMENTS

• Earth cutting & moving equipment's

• Excavation equipment’s

• Loading & lifting equipment’s

• Transportation equipment’s

• Compacting equipment’s
 Earth cutting & moving equipment’s

Dozers: These machines are primarily designed for cutting & pushing
materials over short distance.
These are used for short hauls up to 100mts only.
Scrappers: These machines are used mainly for scrape the earth.

POWER OR FACE SHOVLES

• MAXIMUM CUTTING HEIGHT 7.0M-10.0M

• IDEAL OUTPUT 60 LM3 -300LM3

• LOOSE EASY DIG AREAS

3
 BACK HOE EXCAVATOR

• MAXIMUM CUTTING HEIGHT 5.0M-9.0M

• IDEAL OUTPUT 48 LM3 -240LM3

• LOOSE EASY DIG AREAS

Types of Earth cutting equipment's

DRAGLINE

• MAXIMUM CUTTING HEIGHT 21M-33M

• IDEAL OUTPUT 45 LM3 -225LM3

• LOOSE EASY DIG AREAS

Types of Earth cutting equipment's

CLAMSHELL

• MAXIMUM CUTTING HEIGHT 21M-33M

• IDEAL OUTPUT 24LM3 -120LM3

• LOOSE EASY DIG AREAS 3

Components of dozers machines:

Bowl- A pan to hold the soil.

Cutting edge: It is lowered and used to cut the hard soil.
Apron: This is the wall in front of the bowl which regulates the flow of soil or hold the
Ejector/Tail gate: This is a rear pan which is capable moving forward or backward of bo
All these components are operated by hydraulic system.

Application of these equipment’s

• Loading or scrapping the material.
• Transporting
• Unloading.
Factors to be considered while selecting a dozers

• Type of soil.

• Type of work expected from dozer like cutting, stripping, land cleaning.

• Type of condition of site or space of work.

• Distance of site or length of work.

• Slope of site.
Types of Scrappers

Towed scrapper

• MAXIMUM SCRAPER RANGE -8M3-30M3

• SUITED FOR 400M

• LOOSE EASY DIG AREAS

Types of Scrappers

Motorised scrapper

• MAXIMUM SCRAPER RANGE -15M3-50M3

• SUITED FOR 400M

• LOOSE EASY DIG AREAS

Application of dozers & scrappers.

• Land clearing

• Stripping

• Cutting the earth

• Back fill

• Spreading

• Digging

• Breaking pile
Loaders:

Loaders having bucket at their front are known as front end loader which are
commonly used.
These are versatile , self propelled equipment's mounted on crawler or wheel.
These used in loading of coal, stone, sand and other material.

Types of loaders
Crawler loader
Wheel loader
• Front frame carries driver seat, bucket and rear frame carries engine assembly,
transmission assembly and hydraulic tank..
• It has two stages of hydraulic system. One for lifting or raising the arm and
dumping through dump arm.
Vac Excavators

• Water Vac excavators

• Air vac excavators
Types of Earth cutting equipment’s

Rock cutting machines

A wire saw is a saw that uses a metal wire or cable for cutting. Industrial wire
saws are usually powered. There are also hand-powered survivalist wire
saws suitable for cutting branches. Wire saws are classified as continuous (or
endless, or loop) or oscillating (or reciprocating). Sometimes the wire itself is
referred to as a "blade".
Wire saws are similar in principle to band saws or reciprocating saws, but
they use abrasion to cut rather than saw teeth.
Types of Earth cutting equipment’s

Road header
A road header, also called a boom-type road header, road header machine, road
header or just header machine, is a piece of excavating equipment consisting of a
boom-mounted cutting head, a loading device usually involving a conveyor, and a
crawler travelling track to move the entire machine forward into the rock face
Other types cutting machines

Radial ripper
Cutting machines

Bucket wheel excavators

Hauling equipment

• Front end loader track-up to 80m

• Front end loader wheel –up to 200m

• Bull dozers-Up to 80m

• Towed scrapers-100 to300m

• Elevating self-loading scrapers- 100-1000m

• Dump trucks-&tippers-800 and above

Compacting & stabilization equipment’s

Reasons for compaction

• Reduce or prevent settlements
• Increase strength
• Improve bearing capacity
• Control volume changes
• Lower permeability

Types of compaction
• Impact-sharp blow
• Pressure- static weight
• Vibration –shaking
• Kneading-rearranging
Compacting & stabilization equipment’s

Types of equipment's

Sheep foot rollers

• It is suitable for compacting fined

–grained material.

• These rollers move 4 to 6 mph.

• These rollers tends to aerate the

soil as it compacts.
Compacting & stabilization equipment’s

Types of equipment’s
Tamping rollers
• Tamping foot compactors are high speed, self propelled
• It is non-vibratory rollers.
• These rollers tends to aerate the soil as it compacts.
Compacting & stabilization equipment’s
Vibrating compactors

• Vibration creates impact forces, this will create more forces result in greater
compaction
• Vibration varies from 1000 to 5000 min
• There two vibration compactors, plate and roller type
• Manually operated rammers
Compacting & stabilization equipment’s
Pneumatic –tired rollers

• These are surface rollers works on kneading action.

• They are suitable for compaction of asphalt, chip seals and recycled pavements
Compacting & stabilization equipment’s

Dynamic compaction
• The technique of repeatedly dropping heavy weight on ground.
• This also called as tamping, dynamic consolidation
Compacting & stabilization equipment’s

Soil stabilization

• Many soils are subjects differential expansion and shrinkage

when moisture content changes
• Two types of soil stabilization mechanical and chemical.
• In chemical stabilization there two type
• 1) Soil-lime stabilizer
• 2) Cement –soil stabilizers
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT

CONVEYOR, AGGREGATE &

CONCRETE EQUIPMENTS
CONVEYOR
• These are transporting materials one place to another over a
stationary structure.
• Carries material in continuous stream with its distinct feature such as
endless chain or belt.
• It can be horizontally, vertically and inclined.
• When equipment carries material horizontally it is called as
conveyor and when it carries material vertically it is called as elevator.
• Conveyor are mainly used in the mining and construction industries.
• In the construction industries it is mainly utilised for concreting
purpose.
UTILITY
• It increases the output.
• It reduces load on labour requirement
• There is no waiting period in the process of work.
•It facilitates continuous process of work

TYPES OF CONVEYOR
• BELT CONVEYOR
• SCREW CONVEYOR
• BUCKET CONVEYOR
• AERIAL TRANSPORT
BELT CONVEYOR
• Used when large quantity of materials
need to be conveyed over long distance
these conveyors are used.
• It consists of a rubberised belt running
over pair end drums or pulleys and
supported at regular intervals by as
series of rollers.
•These rollers are supported by frame.
• The middle sag provided in the belt will
hold the material.
SCREW CONVEYOR
• Widely used for handling granular or
pulverized materials.
• The quantity of material carried in this
conveyor is less when compared to others but
the cost of conveyor is less.
• A screw conveyor consist of a helix
mounted on a bearing at the ends and at
intermediate points and it is driven by motor at
the ends.
• The material enters at one end of helix and
expelled at other end by screwing acing of
helix.
• The length of helix varies from 65m to
350m
 BUCKET CONVEYOR

• It is ‘V’ in shape and open at one end.

• They may be feeder loaded or drag in a vertical
movement or along an incline.
•The length of conveyor is shorter and it may be
up to 25m.
• This type of conveyor is mainly used in coal
mining.

AERIAL TRANSPORT

• Aerial transportation is may be cable ways, rope ways and tram ways.
• These type of transportation of material used hilly area.
•It is also used high raised hanging bridges for pillions.
• These kind transportation is quick but in a smaller quantities.
AGGREGATES & EQUIPMENTS
• Many types and sizes of aggregates are used in the construction industry.

•The basic material of aggregate is rock received from quarry.

• The capacity of a crusher will vary with the type of stone, size of feed, size of finished

product required.

• The screening process is based on simple premise that particle sizes smaller than sieve

pass through it and bigger will remain in the above sieve.

•The stages of aggregate production are crushing, screening, washing and stock piling
Crushing process consist of
• Pressure
•Impact
•Attrition
• A combination of these operations

In other words
• Rock delivered at the plants
JAW CRUSHER
• Feeder
These machines operate by allowing stone to
•Primary crusher
flow in to the space between two jaws. One of
•Secondary crusher
which will be fixed while the other is movable.
•Tertiary crusher
The space between diminishes as stone moves
•Screening
downwards and the motion of movable jaws cut
• Required size of product
the stone.
In this there two Double toggle and Single
toggle.
ROLL CRUSHER
Roll crusher are used for producing additional
reductions in the sizes of stone after output
from blasting operations has been subjected to
one or more stages of prior crushing.
A roller consists of a heavy cast iron frame
equipped with either one or more hard steel
rolls.
Two types of roll crusher
Single roll
Double roll
IMPACT CRUSHER
Impact crushers fracture the feed stone by
application of high speed impact forces.
Advantages is taken of the rebound between
the individual stones and against the machine
surface to fully exploit the initial impact
energy
There is two type
Double rotor
Hammer mills
GYRATORY CRUSHER
These kind of crusher are most efficient of all primary crusher. They provide continuous
crushing action and are used both in primary and secondary crushers. To protect the crusher
from uncrushable objects and overload, the outer crushing surface can be spring loaded or the
mantle height may be hydraulically adjustable.
In this two type true gyratory and cone gyratory.
SCREENING AGGREGATE
This stage involves cleaning of aggregate from dust and also to get uniform size.
This may vary from stone to stone tolerance and crushing machine usage.
In there are two types
Revolving screens
Vibrating screens
CONCRETE EQUIPMENTS
BATCHING CONTROLS ARE THREE TYPES
Manual controls
Semiautomatic controls
Automatic controls

TYPES OF CONCRETING EQUIPMENTS ARE

• Concrete batching & mixing plants
• Stationary Concrete mixer
• Transit concrete mixer
Concrete batching & mixing plants
They are mainly used for larger production of concrete
They are used mainly for weighing and mixing large quantity of concrete ingredients
Concrete batching & mixing plants
They are mainly used for larger production of concrete
They are used mainly for weighing and mixing large quantity of concrete ingredients
CONCRETE MIXER
There are three types of concrete mixer
Manual mixer
Semi automatic mixer
Automatic mixer

Manual mixer
In this two types
Tilting mixer
Reversible mixer
Semi automatic mixer
In this two types
Pan mixer
Trough mixer
Automatic mixer
These are two types based discharge type
Rear discharge
Front discharge
Placing of concrete
These are three types
Bucket
Hand buggy
Power buggy
Belt conveyor
Concrete air compressor pumps
Concrete air compressor pumps & boom combination
These are two types
Boom pumps
Tower –mounted pumps
Concrete consolidation
This depends on type of vibrators are used. The four varieties
• The vibrating screed
• The pan type
• The plate or grid type tamper
• Vibratory rolling screed
Some of the other types concrete machines are
Slip form paving concrete
Shotcreting
ADVANCED EQUIPMENTS
ASPHALT PLANTS
BATCH PLANTS
ASPHALT PAVER EQUIPMENT
ASPHALT PAVER TRAIN
DRILLING EQUIPMENTS
THANK YOU !!