ACADEMIC YEAR

2024 – 2025

TITLE : DAIBAEST
DRUG ADDICTION
IN HUMAN

NAME : DHANVANTH.U
ARSHATH A

CLASS : XII

ROLL NUMBER :

JUNE’ 2024
 Mr.M.Simporian Raj M.Sc.M.Phil.M.Ed
PGT in Botany, Department of Botany,
Sacred Heart Central School,
#486, East Pondy Road, Villupuram – 605602,
Tamil Nadu, India

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Biology Investigatory Project entitled “DRUG ADDICTION’’
DAIBAEST IN HUMAN has

been successfully completed by DHANVANTH.U

ARSHATH A of Class XII under the guidance of

Mr.M.Simporian Raj in particular fulfillment of the curriculum of Central board of

Secondary Education (CBSE) leading to the award of annual examination of the year 2024 –

2025.

Teacher – in – charge External Examiner

Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEM ENT
This investigatory project is the end of my journey in completing my XII standard. I have not

travelled in a vacuum in this journey. This investigatory project has been kept on track and

been seen through to completion with the support and encouragement of numerous people

including my well-wishers, my friends and classmates.

To commence with, I pay my obeisance to GOD, the almighty to have bestowed upon me good

health, courage, inspiration, zeal and the light. After GOD, I express my sincere and deepest

gratitude to our school Principal, Sr. S.SUSEELA, Sacred Heart Central School, Villupuram

605602 since no research is possible without infrastructure and requisite materials and

resource and for providing me with the requisite institutional facilities throughout my

research tenure. Next I would like to thank my research supervisor Mr.M .Simporian Raj who

ploughed through several preliminary versions of my text, making critical suggestions and

posing challenging questions. His expertise, invaluable guidance, constant encouragement,

affectionate attitude, understanding, patience and healthy criticism added considerably to my

experience. Without his continual inspiration, it would have not been possible to complete this

study.

I am indebted to my classmates for providing a stimulating and fun filled environment. They

are always beside me during the happy and hard moments to push me and motivate me. I can

see the good shape of my investigatory project because of their help and suggestions in

formatting the entire project. I acknowledge the people who mean a lot to me, my parents for

showing faith in me and giving me liberty to choose what I desired. I salute you all for the

selfless love, care, pain and sacrifice you did to shape my life. Although you hardly

understood what I researched on, you were willing to support any decision I made. I would

never be able to pay back the love and affection showered upon by my parents.

DHANVANT H.U
ARSHATH A
 INDEX

1. BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3. AIM OF THE PROJECT

4. INTRODUCTION

5. CLASSIFICATION

6. HOW DRUG ADDICTION BEGINS

7. DRUG EFFECTS

8. WORLD DRUG ABUSE DAY [ JUNE 26 ]

9. DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT

10. CONCLUSION

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY
3.AIM OF THE PROJECT

Drug Addiction
 4.INTRODUCTION
Drug addiction is complex and devastating
condition characterized by drug use despite harmful
consequences . Its not just physical act of taking
drugs; its about the profound changes they induce
in the brain`s structure and function , leading to
loss of control over drug use.

Addiction can affect people from all walks of life ,

regardless of gender etc., Consequences of drug
addiction can be for reaching , impacting not only
the individual physical and mental health but also
their relationships , work and finances. It can lead
to isolation and a sense of hopelessness.
But here`s the exciting part that the recovery is
possible.With support and determination, a person
can break fee from addiction and embark on
inspiring journey.By offering a support instead of
judgement , We can create a world where
recovering is achievable for everyone !!!
 5.CLASSIFICATION
Drugs are classified into various categories based
on their effects on the body , legal status and
medical uses.And lets know about mode of action
with effects .
 6. HOW DRUG ADDICTION BEGINS

CURIOSITY - Frequent references to drugs by

public media create curiosity for having a personal
experience of the drugs.

PRESSURE - Frequent appreciation of the drug

experience by friends allures others to start the use
of drugs .
RELIEF FROM PAIN - A prolonged use of pain-
relieving drugs with physician`s advice at times
leads to addiction.
DEPRESSION - Some people start taking drugs to
get relief from frustration and depression .
LOOKING FOR A DIFFERENT WORLD - A
wrong notion that the drugs open up a new world
tempts some youngsters to start taking-drugs.
ACCESSIBILITY- Easy access of drugs comes
handy for the people to start using drugs.
 7.DRUG EFFECTS

 TOBACCO SMOKING AND ITS EFFECTS

Tobacco smoking is a practice in which a substance

is combusted and the resulting smoke is typically
inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the
bloodstream of a person . Most commonly , the
substance used is the dried leaves of the tobacco
plant , which have been rolled with a small
rectangle of paper into an elongated cylinder called
a cigarette.Other forms of smoking include the use
of a smoking pipe or a bong .
Smoking is one of the most common forms of
recreational drug use .Tobacco smoking is the most
people globally of whom the majority are in the
developing countries. Less common drugs for
smoking include cannabis and opium . Some of the
substance are classified as hard narcotics, like
heroin, but the use of these is very limited as they
are usually not commercially available. Other
smoking implements include pipes, cigars, bidis,
hookahs and bongs etc.,
EFFECTS IN BRAIN
Smoking can cause a decrease in brain volume . It
reduces the volume of grey matter in the brain.

When a person has less GM on the brain ,they

may be more likely to develop Dementia .
EFFECTS IN TEETH
Smoking exposes our teeth to both tobacco and
nicotine.As a result ,stained
yellow teeth and bad breath
are likely to happen.
EFFECTS IN LUNGS
Smoking can cause lung disease by damaging our
airways and the small air sacs(alveoli)found in our
lungs.

Cigarette smoking causes most cases of lung cancer.

Lung diseases caused by smoking include COPD,
which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
 ALCOHOL AND ITS EFFECTS
Alcohol is a physco-active substance with
dependence-producing properties that has been
widely used in many cultures for centuries.The
harmful use of alcohol causes a high burden of
disease and has significant social and economic
consequences.The harmful use of alcohol causes a
high burden of disease and has significant social and
economic consequences.

The harmful use of alcohol

can also result in harm to
other people ,such as family
members, friends, co-workers and strangers.
Alcohol consumption is a casual factor in more than
200 diseases, injuries and other health
conditions.Drinking alcohol is associated with a risk
of developing health problems such as mental and
behavioral disorders, including alcohol
dependence ,and major noncommunicable diseases
such as liver cirrhosis, some cancers and
cardiovascular diseases.

EFFECTS IN BRAIN
Alcohol interferes with the brain`s communication
pathways, and can affect the way the brain looks
and works . These disruptions can change mood
and behavior, and make it harder to think clearly
and move with coordination.
EFFECTS IN HEART
Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a
single occasion can damage the heart, causing
problems including:
1) Stroke
2) High blood pressure
3) Arrhythmia's- Irregular heart beat
EFFECTS IN LIVER
Heavy drinking takes a toll on the liver, and can lead to a
variety of problems and liver inflammations including:
1) Cirrhosis
2) Fatty liver/Steatosis
EFFECTS IN PANCREAS
Alcohol causes the pancreas to produce toxic
substances that can eventually lead to pancreatitis, a
dangerous inflammation in the pancreas that causes
its swelling and pain and impairs its ability to make
enzymes and hormones for proper digestion.
EFFECTS IN IMMUNE SYSTEM
Drinking too much can weaken your immune
system, making your body a much easier target for
disease.Drinking a lot on a single occasion slows our
body`s ability to ward off infections-even up to 24
hours after getting drunk.
 MOST HARMFUL DRUGS AND ITS
EFFECTS
Any substance that is prevent,diagnose,treat,or relieve
symptomsof a disease or abnormal condition.

It has the potential to cause harm to the user .Many

substances or drugs have intoxicating effects that
lead to them being misused and causing harmful
effects.Some substances are sold or manufactured
illegally while some are produced legally, but used
for unintended purposes.
Using illegal substances such as anabolic
steroids,cocaine,heroin,marijuana,methamphetamine
etc.,
EFFECTS BY SOME HARMFUL DRUGS

I.Cannabis (hash, pot, dope, weed, grass, skunk,

marijuana)

May cause relaxation and altered perception

Can lead to increased heart rate and blood
pressure
Can make you feel relaxed and happy, but can
also cause lethargy, anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis
in extreme cases. A history or family history of
mental illness may increase the possibility of more
extreme psychotic reactions
It is linked to mental health problems such
as schizophrenia and, when smoked, to lung
diseases such as asthma, chronic bronchitis
and lung, throat, mouth and tongue cancer
 Affects how your brain works. Regular use can
make it hard for you to concentrate, learn and
retain information
Reduces your fertility
When mixed with tobacco, is likely to increase
the risk of heart disease and lung cancer.
II.Cocaine (powder cocaine, coke, blow, Charlie,
crack)

The effects of cocaine depend on the strength of the

dose, the blend of chemicals, the physiology of the
person and their state of mind at the time of taking
the drug. The cocaine rush only lasts for a short
time, around 15–30 minutes after inhalation.

Generally, some of the immediate effects of cocaine

include:
 1) Feelings of euphoria, exhilaration and
confidence
2) Accelerated heart rate
3) Increase in body temperature
4) A burst of energy
5) Dilated pupils
6) Loss of appetite
7) The urge to have sex.
III.Ecstasy (MDMA, pills, E, eckies)
Can make you feel alert, warm and chatty
Can make sounds and colour seem more intense
May cause anxiety, confusion, paranoia and even
psychosis

Is linked (in cases of long-term use) to memory

loss, depression and anxiety
Can lead to overheating and dehydration
 Tends to stop your body producing enough urine,
so your body retains fluid.
IV.Speed (amphetamine, billy, whizz)

Can make you feel alert, confident and energetic

Can reduce appetite
May make you agitated and aggressive
May cause confusion, paranoia and even
psychosis
Can make you very depressed and lethargic for
hours or days, when used a lot
Can cause high blood pressure and heart attacks
Is more risky if mixed with alcohol, or if you have
blood pressure or heart problems
Puts you at risk of overdose, vein and tissue
damage, and infectious disease (such as hepatitis
C and HIV), if you inject speed.
 8.WORLD DRUG ABUSE DAY
[ JUNE 26 ]

World Drug Abuse Day, officially known as the

International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit
Trafficking, is observed annually on June 26th. This
day was established by the United Nations General
Assembly in 1987 to strengthen action and
cooperation in achieving a world free of drug abuse.
It aims to raise awareness about the major problem
that illicit drugs represent to society and to promote
strategies to combat drug abuse and illegal drug
trade.
OBJECTIVES AND THEMES
Each year, the United Nations Office on Drugs and
Crime (UNODC) selects a theme for World Drug
Abuse Day to focus attention on specific aspects of
drug abuse and trafficking issues. These themes
often highlight the impact of drug abuse on health,
security, governance, and human rights. Past themes
have included promoting drug prevention and
treatment, addressing stigma associated with drug
use, and improving understanding of the world drug
problem.

ACTIVITIES AND INIATIVES

Various activities and initiatives are organized
worldwide to mark this day, including:

1.Educational Campaigns: Governments, non-

governmental organizations (NGOs), and
community groups often organize campaigns to
educate the public, particularly young people, about
the dangers of drug abuse and the importance of
making healthy choices.

2.Public Events: These can include rallies, marches,

and public speaking events to raise awareness and
encourage community involvement in tackling drug
abuse.

3. Workshops and Seminars: These are aimed at

providing information and training to professionals
in the health, education, and law enforcement
sectors on the latest trends and effective strategies in
drug prevention and treatment.

4. Media Campaigns: Use of television, radio, social

media, and other platforms to spread messages
about the dangers of drug abuse and the importance
of prevention and rehabilitation services.
5.Policy Advocacy: Efforts to influence
policymakers to implement and enforce laws and
policies that reduce drug abuse and provide support
for those affected.

GLOBAL SIGNIFICANCE
The International Day Against Drug Abuse and
Illicit Trafficking serves as a reminder of the global
nature of the drug problem and the necessity for
international cooperation to address it. It
underscores the need for a comprehensive,
balanced approach that includes prevention,
treatment, rehabilitation, and the suppression of
illicit drug trafficking.

CHALLENGES AND PROGRESS

Despite efforts, drug abuse remains a significant
challenge worldwide. Issues such as the opioid crisis,
the rise of synthetic drugs, and the link between
drug trafficking and other forms of crime highlight
the ongoing struggle. However, progress has been
made in areas like harm reduction, increased
availability of treatment, and more sophisticated
approaches to combating drug trafficking.

By raising awareness and promoting international

cooperation, World Drug Abuse Day aims to create
a world where communities are healthier and free
from the scourge of drug abuse and illicit trafficking.
 9.DRUG ABUSE TREATMENT

1. Detoxification (Detox)
Purpose: Safely manage withdrawal symptoms.
Setting: Medical supervision is often necessary.

2. Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT)

Medications: Methadone, Buprenorphine,
Naltrexone, Disulfiram, Acamprosate.
Purpose: Reduce cravings and withdrawal
symptoms, prevent relapse.
3. Behavioral Therapies
Types: Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT),
Contingency Management, Motivational
Interviewing (MI), Family Therapy.
Purpose: Modify behaviors and attitudes related to
drug use, improve life skills.

4. Inpatient and Outpatient Programs

Inpatient: Intensive, residential care.
Outpatient: Flexible, allows for daily activities.

5. Support Groups
Examples: Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics
Anonymous (NA), SMART Recovery.
Purpose: Provide peer support and accountability.

6.Holistic and Complementary Therapies

Types: Mindfulness, meditation, exercise, nutrition,
acupuncture, art, and music therapy.
Purpose: Support overall well-being and recovery.
7. Aftercare and Relapse Prevention
Components: Continued counseling, sober living
homes, ongoing support group participation.
Purpose: Maintain sobriety and prevent relapse.

8. Dual Diagnosis Treatment

Purpose:Treat co-occurring mental health and
addiction issues simultaneously.
Seek professional help from a healthcare provider
or addiction specialist to determine the best
treatment plan.
 10. CONCLUSION
Drug addiction is a multifaceted issue that impacts
individuals, families, and communities worldwide. It
is a complex interplay of biological, psychological,
social, and environmental factors. However, while
the challenges of addiction are daunting, there is
hope.

Through comprehensive prevention efforts,

evidence-based treatment approaches, and
supportive communities, we can combat drug
addiction and its devastating effects. It requires a
collective effort from policymakers, healthcare
professionals, educators, families, and individuals
themselves.
By addressing the root causes of addiction,
promoting access to quality treatment and support
services, and fostering empathy and understanding,
we can create a society where individuals struggling
with addiction are met with compassion, not stigma.
Let us stand together to break the cycle of addiction,
empower those in recovery, and build a future
where everyone has the opportunity to live healthy,
fulfilling lives free from the grip of substance abuse.
Together, we can make a difference and create a
world where the promise of recovery shines bright
for all."
 11.BIBLIOGRAPHY

 https://www.drugs.com
 https://medlineplus.gov/
 https://nida.nih.gov/
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addiction
 https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-
behavior-science-addiction/treatment-recovery
 https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
 https://www.medicalnewstoday.com
 https://chat.openai.com
 https://en.wikipedia.org
 https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au
 www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 https://www.mayoclinic.org
 https://www.who.int
 https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au
 https://www.health.gov.au
 https://www.verywellmind.com
 www.addictioncenter.com