THERMAL ENGINEERING

COMPRESSOR

PART 1

MOHAMMED RIYAS M
Kerala PSC Expert
 THERMAL ENGINEERING

❑ COMPRESSOR

❑ STEAM TURBINES

❑ BOILER AND ITS ACCESSORIES

❑ IC ENGINES – PERFORMANCE PARAMETERS

❑ DETONATION /KNOCKING PHENOMENA

❑ GAS TURBINES
 COMPRESSOR

.
✓ Compressors are power consuming devices which converts mechanical
energy into pressure energy.

Compressors are used to compress the gases from low pressure to high
pressure which is achieved by input work.

It increases both pressure and temperature of gases

 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPRESSOR

❑ ON THE BASIS OF WORKING PRINCIPLE

.

(a) Positive Displacement Compressor :

In this compressor the pressure of gas is
increased by displacing the gas from higher volume
to lower volume.
Eg: Reciprocating Compressor, Rotary compressor.

➢ In Reciprocating compressor , the increases in

pressure is achieved by the movement of piston
inside the cylinder.
➢ In rotary compressors the increase in pressure is
achieved by the push and pull of gases caused by
the rotary movement of compressor
 COMPRESSOR

❑ ON THE BASIS OF WORKING PRINCIPLE

(b) RotoDynamic Compressor :

In this compressor the increases in pressure
is achieved by the dynamic action of gases. In this
the kinetic energy is given to the fluid particle by
the rotor and then this high kinetic energy is
converted into pressure energy through the
diffuser.
Eg: Centrifugal compressor , Axial Flow
compressor.

❖ Reciprocating compressors are suited for High pressure and low discharge.
❖ Centrifugal compressors are suited for Medium pressure and Medium Discharge.
❖ Axial flow compressors are suited for High Discharge and Low Pressure.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPRESSOR

2) ON THE BASIS OF PRESSURE DEVELOPED:

.
(a) Low Pressure compressor - Up to 10 bar.
(b) Medium Pressure Compressor – 10 to 80 bar.
(c) High Pressure Compressor – Above 80 bar.

3) ON THE BASIS OF PRESSURE RATIO:

(a) Fan : Pressure Ratio less than 1.1

(b) Blower : 1.1 < Pr < 2.3
(c) Compressor : 2.3 >Pr

4) ON THE BASIS VOLUME HANDLING CAPACITY:

(a) Small up to 9 m3/min

(b) Medium from 9 to 3000 m3/min
(c) High above 3000m3/min.
 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

❑ It consist of piston cylinder arrangement

. with two valves one on the suction side
and other on the discharge side.

❑ It mainly find applications on refrigerator ,

air filling station, chemical industries etc.

❑ It is capable to develop high pressure up

to 1000 bar
 RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR

CLEARANCE VOLUME AND SWEPT VOLUME

❑ Clearance Volume is the volume included

between cylinder head and piston when the
piston is at TDC or IDC.

❑ Swept volume is defined as the volume

swept by piston in one stroke.
 1) The clearance ratio inside an cylinder is 0.1 and the swept volume is given by 2 m.3 .
Then the clearance volume is

A . 0.1 B. 0.2

C. 0.3 D. 0.5
 2) The pressure of air at the beginning of the compression stroke is......atmospheric
pressure

A . Equal to B. Less than

C. More than D. None of the above

 3) Which of the following is an example for Rotodynamic compressor ?

A . Rotory compressor B. Reciprocating compressor

C. Radial flow compressor D. Both A and C

 4) Axial flow compressors are usually used for delivering

A . Small quantities of air at high

B. Large quantities of air at high pressure
pressure

D. Large quantities of air at low

C.Small quantities of air at Low pressure
pressure
 5) A Diffuser section in centrifugal compressor converts

A. Mechanical energy to kinetic energy B. Mechanical energy to pressure energy

C. Kinetic energy to pressure energy D. Kinetic energy to heat energy

THANK YOU