THERMODYNAMICS - PART 6

IDEAL GAS , REAL GAS ,

PROPERTIES OF GAS MIXTURES

MOHAMMED RIYAS M

Kerala PSC Expert

 IDEAL GAS EQUATION

❑ Hypothetical gases which obey the equation of state are considered as Ideal gas.
❑ Equation of state should have a functional relationship between P,V,T of gases.
❑ It follows all gas laws at all temperature and pressure.
❑ A gas always behave ideally at Low pressure and High temperature.

ASSUMPTIONS:

✓ Intermolecular force of attraction between molecules is very negligible due to large

distance distance between molecules.

✓ Volume of molecules considered to be negligible when compared with total volume .

IDEAL GAS EQUATION
IDEAL GAS EQUATION
 REAL GASES

❑ .Real gases are those whose molecules occupy some space and have interactions
between the adjacent molecules.

❑ Real gas do not follow gas laws at all temperature and pressure.

❑ At High Pressure and Low Temperature the gas deviate from ideal gas behavior to
real gas behaviour.
 REAL GASES

VANDER WAALS’S EQUATION OF STATE

When the pressure increases , the force of attraction between molecules increase and
volume of molecules also become appreciable. So the real gas deviate from ideal gas
equation.
REAL GASES
 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR

❑ The deviation of a gas from ideal gas behavior is expressed by the factor called as
Compressibility factor.

❑ It can be defined as the ratio of actual volume of real gas to volume predicted by ideal gas.
 COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR

❑ The deviation of a gas from ideal gas behavior is expressed by the factor called as
Compressibility factor.
❑ It can be defined as the ratio of actual volume of real gas to volume predicted by ideal gas
❑ Gases which show only positive deviation from ideal gas are Hydrogen and Helium
❑ Gases which show both positive and negative deviation from ideal gas are Nitrogen, CO 2,CH4
.
 COMPRESSIBILITY CHART

❑ The compressibility chart is drawn between compressibility factor on y-axis and

reduced pressure on X-axis.

❑ Different real gas behavior can be easily identified by using the compressibility
chart.
REDUCED PROPERTIES

✓ Reduced Pressure (Pr)

✓ Reduced Temperature (Tr)

✓ Reduced Volume (Vr)

 COMPRESSIBILITY CHART

❑ At low pressure all gases

behave ideally regardless of
temperature.

❑ At high temperature , the ideal

gas behavior can be assumed
with good accuracy regardless
of pressure.
 MIXTURE OF IDEAL GASES

1) Mass Fraction (y):

Mass fraction of a gas in a gas mixture is defined as the ratio
of mass of that particular gas to the total mass of gas in the
mixture.

2) Mole Fraction (x):

Mole fraction of a gas is defined as the ratio between the
number of moles of that particular gas to the total number of
moles of the gas mixture.
 MIXTURE OF IDEAL GASES

DALTON’S LAW OF PARTIAL PRESSURE:

This law states that the total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is equal to the sum of partial
pressure exerted by individual gases.

Partial Pressure: It is defined as the pressure exerted by the constituent of a gas in a gas
mixture , if it alone occupies the whole volume of the mixture at the same temperature and
volume.
 MIXTURE OF IDEAL GASES
PARTIAL PRESSURE:
 MIXTURE OF IDEAL GASES
EQUIVALENT GAS CONSTANT OF GAS MIXTURE :
 MIXTURE OF IDEAL GASES
EQUIVALENT MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF GAS MIXTURE :
1) Which gas shows positive deviation from ideal gas?

A. Nitrogen B. Hydrogen

C. CO2 D. None of these

2) Under what all condition an ideal gas deviate to real gas behavior?

A. Low Pressure and Low B. High Pressure and High

temperature temperature

C. High Pressure and Low D. Low Pressure and High

Temperature Temperature
3) The compressibility factor for an ideal gas is given by

A. 1 B. 0

C. Infinity D. None of these

4) Which of the following gas low value of adiabatic index?.

A. Hydrogen B. Helium

C. oxygen D. CO2
5) Gas mixture contains 2 kg of H2 and 88 kg of CO2 occupies in a
volume of 5 m3 having total pressure of 10 bar and Temperature of
300K. Determine the partial pressure exerted by CO2

A. 3.33 bar B 6.67 bar

C. 10 bar D. 5 bar
THANK YOU