WHAT IS SURVEYING?
MINE SURVEYING
- Surveying is the art of measuring
distances, angles and positions on
or near the surface of the earth.
- Surveying is an art of measuring
horizontal & vertical distances
between objects.
- Determine the direction of lines,
establishing points by predetermined
angular linear measurement.
- Creates information for construction
maps, profiles, cross-sections, &
diagrams.
TWO TYPES OF SURVEYING
- PLANE SURVEYING
- GEODETIC SURVEYING
1. PLANE SURVEYING
- Type of surveying in which the mean
surface of the Earth is considered as
a plane, its spheroidal shape is
neglected.
2. GEODETIC SURVEYING
- Type of surveying which takes into
account the shape of the Earth.
Employs the principle of geodesy,
which is of high precision & extends
over large areas
OPERATIONS OF SURVEYING
1. ROUTE SURVEYING
- Highways, railroads, canals,
transmission lines and pipelines.
- a survey for determining the route of
a proposed pipeline, power line,
cable, road or other linear facilities in
order to acquire a right-of-way,
servitude or easement from the
property owner being crossed.
2. HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEYING
- Survey bodies of water for
navigation, water supply, or sub
aqueous construction.
- is an important civil engineering
service that determines the physical
features of an underwater area. Like
topographic or land surveys, these
surveys use special equipment to
measure and define a body of water
to support marine construction.
3.
- Makes use of the principles of land,
topographic, & route surveying w/
modifications necessary by altered
conditions.
- is the practice of determining the
relative positions of points on or
beneath the surface of the earth by
direct or indirect measurements of
distance, direction & elevation.
- Mine surveyors are responsible for
maintaining an accurate plan of the
mine as a whole and will update
maps of the surface layout to
account for new buildings and other
structures, as well as surveying the
underground mine workings in order
to keep a record of the mining
operation.
4. CADASTRAL SURVEYING
- Made for the purpose of locating
property lines & improvement for the
use of extent, value, ownership, &
transfer of land.
- is the discipline of land surveying
that relates to the definition or
re-establishment of land parcel
boundaries.
- involves interpreting and advising
on: boundary locations. the status of
land, and. the rights, restrictions and
interests in property.
5. CITY SURVEYING
- Frequently applied on laying out lots
for the construction of streets, water
supply system, & sewers.
- an elaborate survey carried out in an
area administered by a municipal
corporation. It is conducted when
extensive infrastructure
improvements are required in an
area. This survey helps to draw
maps to know boundaries and locate
public utilities.
6. PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEYING
- The science of measurement by
means of photographs.
 - Photogrammetric survey is the
process that detects an object, a
construction or the surrounding
environment. The aim is to obtain a
three-dimensional model that will be
useful for determining shape and
extracting measurements, but above
all for the generation of a BIM
model.

7. CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING
- Employs the use of surveying
methods & instruments in
construction works.

- (otherwise known as "staking",

"stake-out", "lay-out", "setting-out") is
to provide dimensional control for all
stages of construction work,
including the stake out of reference
points and markers that will guide
the construction of new structures
such as roads, rail, or buildings.
These markers are usually staked
out according to a suitable
coordinate system selected for the
project.